1
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Park HW, Lee CE, Kim S, Jeong WJ, Kim K. Ex Vivo Peptide Decoration Strategies on Stem Cell Surfaces for Augmenting Endothelium Interaction. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024; 30:327-339. [PMID: 37830185 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic vascular diseases remain leading causes of disability and death. Although various clinical therapies have been tried, reperfusion injury is a major issue, occurring when blood recirculates at the damaged lesion. As an alternative approach, cell-based therapy has emerged. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are attractive cellular candidates due to their therapeutic capacities, including differentiation, safety, angiogenesis, and tissue repair. However, low levels of receptors/ligands limit targeted migration of stem cells. Thus, it is important to improve homing efficacy of transplanted MSCs toward damaged endothelium. Among various MSC modulations, ex vivo cell surface engineering could effectively augment homing efficiency by decorating MSC surfaces with alternative receptors/ligands, thereby facilitating intercellular interactions with the endothelium. Especially, exogenous decoration of peptides onto stem cell surfaces could provide appropriate functional signaling moieties to achieve sufficient MSC homing. Based on their protein-like functionalities, high modularity in molecular design, and high specific affinities and multivalency to target receptors, peptides could be representative surface-presentable moieties. Moreover, peptides feature a mild synthetic process, enabling precise control of amino acid composition and sequence. Such ex vivo stem cell surface engineering could be achieved primarily by hydrophobic interactions of the cellular bilayer with peptide-conjugated anchor modules and by covalent conjugation between peptides and available compartments in membranes. To this end, this review provides an overview of currently available peptide-mediated, ex vivo stem cell surface engineering strategies for enhancing MSC homing efficiency by facilitating interactions with endothelial cells. Stem cell surface engineering techniques using peptide-based bioconjugates have the potential to revolutionize current vascular disease treatments while addressing their technical limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Won Park
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Eun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Jeong
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyobum Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Tran T, Cruz C, Chan A, Awad S, Rajasingh J, Deth R, Gurusamy N. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Long Noncoding RNAs in Cardiac Injury and Repair. Cells 2023; 12:2268. [PMID: 37759491 PMCID: PMC10527806 DOI: 10.3390/cells12182268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac injury, such as myocardial infarction and heart failure, remains a significant global health burden. The limited regenerative capacity of the adult heart poses a challenge for restoring its function after injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as promising candidates for cardiac regeneration due to their ability to differentiate into various cell types and secrete bioactive molecules. In recent years, attention has been given to noncoding RNAs derived from MSCs, particularly long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and their potential role in cardiac injury and repair. LncRNAs are RNA molecules that do not encode proteins but play critical roles in gene regulation and cellular responses including cardiac repair and regeneration. This review focused on MSC-derived lncRNAs and their implications in cardiac regeneration, including their effects on cardiac function, myocardial remodeling, cardiomyocyte injury, and angiogenesis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of MSC-derived lncRNAs in cardiac injury and repair may contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treating cardiovascular diseases. However, further research is needed to fully elucidate the potential of MSC-derived lncRNAs and address the challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talan Tran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Claudia Cruz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Anthony Chan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Salma Awad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Johnson Rajasingh
- Department of Bioscience Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 847 Monroe Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Richard Deth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
| | - Narasimman Gurusamy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA
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3
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Bui TVA, Hwangbo H, Lai Y, Hong SB, Choi YJ, Park HJ, Ban K. The Gut-Heart Axis: Updated Review for The Roles of Microbiome in Cardiovascular Health. Korean Circ J 2023; 53:499-518. [PMID: 37525495 PMCID: PMC10435824 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2023.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, and hypertension, are the global leading causes of death, accounting for more than 30% of deaths worldwide. Although the risk factors of CVDs have been well understood and various treatment and preventive measures have been established, the mortality rate and the financial burden of CVDs are expected to grow exponentially over time due to the changes in lifestyles and increasing life expectancies of the present generation. Recent advancements in metagenomics and metabolomics analysis have identified gut microbiome and its associated metabolites as potential risk factors for CVDs, suggesting the possibility of developing more effective novel therapeutic strategies against CVD. In addition, increasing evidence has demonstrated the alterations in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes and the imbalance of microbial-dependent metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids and trimethylamine N-oxide, play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CVD. However, the exact mechanism of action remains undefined to this day. In this review, we focus on the compositional changes in the gut microbiome and its related metabolites in various CVDs. Moreover, the potential treatment and preventive strategies targeting the gut microbiome and its metabolites are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Van Anh Bui
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Hyesoo Hwangbo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yimin Lai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Seok Beom Hong
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Jik Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hun-Jun Park
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Kiwon Ban
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
- Tung Biomedical Sciences Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR.
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4
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Hu Z, Jiang Z, Meng S, Liu R, Yang K. Research Progress on the Osteogenesis-Related Regulatory Mechanisms of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1252-1267. [PMID: 36917312 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, research on human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) derived from human umbilical cord tissue has accelerated and entered clinical application research. Compared with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from other sources, hUCMSCs can be extracted from different parts of umbilical cord or from the whole umbilical cord. It has the characteristics of less ethical controversy, high differentiation potential, strong proliferation ability, efficient expansion in vitro, avoiding immune rejection and immune privilege, and avoids the limitations of lack of embryonic stem cells, heterogeneity, ethical and moral constraints. hUCMSCs avoid the need for embryonic stem cell sources, heterogeneity, and ethical and moral constraints. Bone defects are very common in clinical practice, but completely effective bone tissue regeneration treatment is challenging. Currently, autologous bone transplantation and allogeneic bone transplantation are main treatment approaches in clinical work, but each has different shortcomings, such as limited sources, invasiveness, immune rejection and insufficient osteogenic ability. Therefore, to solve the bottleneck of bone tissue regeneration and repair, a great amount of research has been carried out to explore the clinical advantages of hUCMSCs as seed cells to promote osteogenesis.However, the regulation of osteogenic differentiation of hUCMSCs is an extremely complex process. Although a large number of studies have demonstrated that the role of hUCMSCs in enhancing local bone regeneration and repair through osteogenic differentiation and transplantation into the body involves multiple signaling pathways, there is no relevant article that summarize the findings. This article discusses the osteogenesis-related regulatory mechanisms of hUCMSCs, summarizes the currently known related mechanisms, and speculates on the possible signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengqi Hu
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhiliang Jiang
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Shengzi Meng
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China.
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5
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Oh GC, Choi YJ, Park BW, Ban K, Park HJ. Are There Hopeful Therapeutic Strategies to Regenerate the Infarcted Hearts? Korean Circ J 2023; 53:367-386. [PMID: 37271744 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2023.0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease remains the primary cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite significant advancements in pharmacological and revascularization techniques in the late 20th century, heart failure prevalence after myocardial infarction has gradually increased over the last 2 decades. After ischemic injury, pathological remodeling results in cardiomyocytes (CMs) loss and fibrosis, which leads to impaired heart function. Unfortunately, there are no clinical therapies to regenerate CMs to date, and the adult heart's limited turnover rate of CMs hinders its ability to self-regenerate. In this review, we present novel therapeutic strategies to regenerate injured myocardium, including (1) reconstruction of cardiac niche microenvironment, (2) recruitment of functional CMs by promoting their proliferation or differentiation, and (3) organizing 3-dimensional tissue construct beyond the CMs. Additionally, we highlight recent mechanistic insights that govern these strategies and identify current challenges in translating these approaches to human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Chul Oh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Jik Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Woo Park
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kiwon Ban
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
| | - Hun-Jun Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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6
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Williams K, Khan A, Lee YS, Hare JM. Cell-based therapy to boost right ventricular function and cardiovascular performance in hypoplastic left heart syndrome: Current approaches and future directions. Semin Perinatol 2023; 47:151725. [PMID: 37031035 PMCID: PMC10193409 DOI: 10.1016/j.semperi.2023.151725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease remains one of the most frequently diagnosed congenital diseases of the newborn, with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) being considered one of the most severe. This univentricular defect was uniformly fatal until the introduction, 40 years ago, of a complex surgical palliation consisting of multiple staged procedures spanning the first 4 years of the child's life. While survival has improved substantially, particularly in experienced centers, ventricular failure requiring heart transplant and a number of associated morbidities remain ongoing clinical challenges for these patients. Cell-based therapies aimed at boosting ventricular performance are under clinical evaluation as a novel intervention to decrease morbidity associated with surgical palliation. In this review, we will examine the current burden of HLHS and current modalities for treatment, discuss various cells therapies as an intervention while delineating challenges and future directions for this therapy for HLHS and other congenital heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Williams
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Miami FL, USA; Batchelor Children's Research Institute University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Miami FL, USA
| | - Aisha Khan
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, USA
| | - Yee-Shuan Lee
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, USA
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami FL, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. Miami FL, USA.
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7
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Jung Y, Kim J, Jang H, Kim G, Kwon YW. Strategy of Patient-Specific Therapeutics in Cardiovascular Disease Through Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Korean Circ J 2022; 53:1-16. [PMID: 36627736 PMCID: PMC9834554 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2022.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has enabled the discovery of novel or rare subtypes of cells and their characteristics. This technique has advanced unprecedented biomedical research by enabling the profiling and analysis of the transcriptomes of single cells at high resolution and throughput. Thus, scRNA-seq has contributed to recent advances in cardiovascular research by the generation of cell atlases of heart and blood vessels and the elucidation of mechanisms involved in cardiovascular development and diseases. This review summarizes the overall workflow of the scRNA-seq technique itself and key findings in the cardiovascular development and diseases based on the previous studies. In particular, we focused on how the single-cell sequencing technology can be utilized in clinical field and precision medicine to treat specific diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunseo Jung
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Juyeong Kim
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Howon Jang
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gwanhyeon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Wook Kwon
- Strategic Center of Cell and Bio Therapy for Heart, Diabetes & Cancer, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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8
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Enhancement strategy for effective vascular regeneration following myocardial infarction through a dual stem cell approach. EXPERIMENTAL & MOLECULAR MEDICINE 2022; 54:1165-1178. [PMID: 35974098 PMCID: PMC9440102 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-022-00827-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Since an impaired coronary blood supply following myocardial infarction (MI) negatively affects heart function, therapeutic neovascularization is considered one of the major therapeutic strategies for cell-based cardiac repair. Here, to more effectively achieve therapeutic neovascularization in ischemic hearts, we developed a dual stem cell approach for effective vascular regeneration by utilizing two distinct types of stem cells, CD31+-endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-ECs) and engineered human mesenchymal stem cells that continuously secrete stromal derived factor-1α (SDF-eMSCs), to simultaneously promote natal vasculogenesis and angiogenesis, two core mechanisms of neovascularization. To induce more comprehensive vascular regeneration, we intramyocardially injected hiPSC-ECs to produce de novo vessels, possibly via vasculogenesis, and a 3D cardiac patch encapsulating SDF-eMSCs (SDF-eMSC-PA) to enhance angiogenesis through prolonged secretion of paracrine factors, including SDF-1α, was implanted into the epicardium of ischemic hearts. We verified that hiPSC-ECs directly contribute to de novo vessel formation in ischemic hearts, resulting in enhanced cardiac function. In addition, the concomitant implantation of SDF1α-eMSC-PAs substantially improved the survival, retention, and vasculogenic potential of hiPSC-ECs, ultimately achieving more comprehensive neovascularization in the MI hearts. Of note, the newly formed vessels through the dual stem cell approach were significantly larger and more functional than those formed by hiPSC-ECs alone. In conclusion, these results provide compelling evidence that our strategy for effective vascular regeneration can be an effective means to treat ischemic heart disease. A treatment involving two different types of stem cells leads to repairing failed hearts by making new functional blood vessels. Researchers at the City University of Hong Kong and the Catholic University of Korea induced heart attacks in rats before injecting the hearts with endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, specialized to form blood vessels. These cells successfully induced the formation of new blood vessels in the damaged hearts. The researchers combined this treatment with a cardiac patch containing engineered human adult stem cells, which improved the survival and performance of the endothelial cells. And this dual stem cell treatment resulted in enhanced cardiac function and a higher number of larger and stronger new blood vessels than those produced by the single-cell treatment suggesting an effective way to repair failed hearts.
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9
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SDF-1/CXCR4-Mediated Stem Cell Mobilization Involved in Cardioprotective Effects of Electroacupuncture on Mouse with Myocardial Infarction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4455183. [PMID: 35982734 PMCID: PMC9381195 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4455183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapeutic strategies have obtained a significant breakthrough in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, particularly in myocardial infarction (MI). Nevertheless, limited retention and poor migration of stem cells are still problems for stem cell therapeutic development. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new strategies that can mobilize stem cells to infarcted myocardial tissues effectively. Electroacupuncture (EA) intervention can improve cardiac function and alleviate myocardial injury after MI, but its molecular mechanism is still unclear. This study is aimed at observing the effects of EA treatment on the stem cell mobilization and revealing possible mechanisms in the MI model of mice. EA treatment at Neiguan (PC6) and Xinshu (BL15) acupoints was conducted on the second day after the ligation surgery. Then, the number of stem cells in peripheral blood after EA in MI mice and their cardiac function, infarct size, and collagen deposition was observed. We found that the number of CD34-, CD117-, Sca-1-, and CD90-positive cells increased at 6 h and declined at 24 h after EA intervention in the blood of MI mice. The expression of CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) protein was upregulated at 6 h after EA treatment, while the ratio of LC3B II/I or p-ERK/ERK showed a reverse trend. In addition, there was obvious difference in EF and FS between wild-type mice and CXCR4+/− mice. The infarct size, collagen deposition, and apoptosis of the injured myocardium in CXCR4+/− mice increased but could be ameliorated by EA. In a word, our study demonstrates that EA alleviates myocardial injury via stem cell mobilization which may be regulated by the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis.
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10
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Kim YS, Kim M, Cho DI, Lim SY, Jun JH, Kim MR, Kang BG, Eom GH, Kang G, Yoon S, Ahn Y. PSME4 Degrades Acetylated YAP1 in the Nucleus of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081659. [PMID: 36015285 PMCID: PMC9415559 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Intensive research has focused on minimizing the infarct area and stimulating endogenous regeneration after myocardial infarction. Our group previously elucidated that apicidin, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, robustly accelerates the cardiac commitment of naïve mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through acute loss of YAP1. Here, we propose the novel regulation of YAP1 in MSCs. We found that acute loss of YAP1 after apicidin treatment resulted in the mixed effects of transcriptional arrest and proteasomal degradation. Subcellular fractionation revealed that YAP1 was primarily localized in the cytoplasm. YAP1 was acutely relocalized into the nucleus and underwent proteasomal degradation. Interestingly, phosphor-S127 YAP1 was shuttled into the nucleus, suggesting that a mechanism other than phosphorylation governed the subcellular localization of YAP1. Apicidin successfully induced acetylation and subsequent dissociation of YAP1 from 14-3-3, an essential molecule for cytoplasmic restriction. HDAC6 regulated both acetylation and subcellular localization of YAP1. An acetylation-dead mutant of YAP1 retarded nuclear redistribution upon apicidin treatment. We failed to acquire convincing evidence for polyubiquitination-dependent degradation of YAP1, suggesting that a polyubiquitination-independent regulator determined YAP1 fate. Nuclear PSME4, a subunit of the 26 S proteasome, recognized and degraded acetyl YAP1 in the nucleus. MSCs from PSME4-null mice were injected into infarcted heart, and aberrant sudden death was observed. Injection of immortalized human MSCs after knocking down PSME4 failed to improve either cardiac function or the fibrotic scar area. Our data suggest that acetylation-dependent proteasome subunit PSME4 clears acetyl-YAP1 in response to apicidin treatment in the nucleus of MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sook Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Mira Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Dong Im Cho
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Lim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Ju Hee Jun
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Mi Ra Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Bo Gyeong Kang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
| | - Gwang Hyeon Eom
- Department of Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun 58128, Korea
| | - Gaeun Kang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.K.); (S.Y.); (Y.A.)
| | - Somy Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.K.); (S.Y.); (Y.A.)
| | - Youngkeun Ahn
- Department of Cardiology, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea
- Correspondence: (G.K.); (S.Y.); (Y.A.)
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11
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Li M, Jiang Y, Hou Q, Zhao Y, Zhong L, Fu X. Potential pre-activation strategies for improving therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells: current status and future prospects. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:146. [PMID: 35379361 PMCID: PMC8981790 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02822-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy has been considered as a promising approach targeting a variety of intractable diseases due to remarkable multiple effect of MSCs, such as multilineage differentiation, immunomodulatory property, and pro-regenerative capacity. However, poor engraftment, low survival rate of transplanted MSC, and impaired donor-MSC potency under host age/disease result in unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes. Enhancement strategies, including genetic manipulation, pre-activation, and modification of culture method, have been investigated to generate highly functional MSC, and approaches for MSC pre-activation are highlighted. In this review, we summarized the current approaches of MSC pre-activation and further classified, analysed the scientific principles and main characteristics of these manipulations, and described the pros and cons of individual pre-activation strategies. We also discuss the specialized tactics to solve the challenges in this promising field so that it improves MSC therapeutic functions to serve patients better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meirong Li
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China. .,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China. .,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China.
| | - Yufeng Jiang
- Wound Repairing Department, PLA Strategic Support Force Characteristic Medical Center, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Qian Hou
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Trauma Treatment Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Hainan Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China.,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China.,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Fu
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Division and 4th Medical Center, PLA General Hospital and PLA Medical College, Beijing, China. .,PLA Key Laboratory of Tissue Repair and Regenerative Medicine and Beijing Key Research Laboratory of Skin Injury, Repair and Regeneration, Beijing, China. .,Research Unit of Trauma Care, Tissue Repair and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences 2019RU051, Beijing, China.
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12
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Lee CS, Kim J, Cho HJ, Kim HS. Cardiovascular Regeneration via Stem Cells and Direct Reprogramming: A Review. Korean Circ J 2022; 52:341-353. [PMID: 35502566 PMCID: PMC9064703 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2022.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in treatment strategies, cardiovascular disease such as heart failure remains a significant source of global mortality. Stem cell technology and cellular reprogramming are rapidly growing fields that will continue to prove useful in cardiac regenerative therapeutics. This review provides information on the role of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in cardiac regeneration and discusses the practical applications of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (CMCs). Moreover, we discuss the practical applications of hPSC-derived CMCs while outlining the relevance of directly-reprogrammed CMCs in regenerative medicine. This review critically summarizes the most recent advances in the field will help to guide future research in this developing area. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading causes of morbidity and death globally. In particular, a heart failure remains a major problem that contributes to global mortality. Considerable advancements have been made in conventional pharmacological therapies and coronary intervention surgery for cardiac disorder treatment. However, more than 15% of patients continuously progress to end-stage heart failure and eventually require heart transplantation. Over the past year, numerous numbers of protocols to generate cardiomyocytes (CMCs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have been developed and applied in clinical settings. Number of studies have described the therapeutic effects of hPSCs in animal models and revealed the underlying repair mechanisms of cardiac regeneration. In addition, biomedical engineering technologies have improved the therapeutic potential of hPSC-derived CMCs in vivo. Recently substantial progress has been made in driving the direct differentiation of somatic cells into mature CMCs, wherein an intermediate cellular reprogramming stage can be bypassed. This review provides information on the role of hPSCs in cardiac regeneration and discusses the practical applications of hPSC-derived CMCs; furthermore, it outlines the relevance of directly reprogrammed CMCs in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon-Soo Lee
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joonoh Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Jai Cho
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyo-Soo Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Strategic Center of Cell & Bio Therapy, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, and College of Medicine or College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Oh S, Jung JH, Ahn KJ, Jang AY, Byun K, Yang PC, Chung WJ. Stem Cell and Exosome Therapy in Pulmonary Hypertension. Korean Circ J 2022; 52:110-122. [PMID: 35128849 PMCID: PMC8819574 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2021.0191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease that eventually causes right heart failure by remodeling pulmonary blood vessels. Based on the histopathological characteristics, PH is categorized into five subgroups. Rarely, a severe clinical entity is pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), subgroup 1. This disease process results in pulmonary vascular alterations through dysfunction of the pulmonary endothelium and disturbance of immune responses. Although medical treatments based on these pathophysiologic concepts have been applied for more than 30 years, PAH still cannot be cured. This review addresses the feasibility of and perspectives on stem cell therapy, including the role of exosomes in PAH. Pulmonary hypertension is a rare and progressive illness with a devastating prognosis. Promising research efforts have advanced the understanding and recognition of the pathobiology of pulmonary hypertension. Despite remarkable achievements in terms of improving the survival rate, reducing disease progression, and enhancing quality of life, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is not completely curable. Therefore, an effective treatment strategy is still needed. Recently, many studies of the underlying molecular mechanisms and technological developments have led to new approaches and paradigms for PAH treatment. Management based on stem cells and related paracrine effects, epigenetic drugs and gene therapies has yielded prospective results for PAH treatment in preclinical research. Further trials are ongoing to optimize these important insights into clinical circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Jung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kyung-Jin Ahn
- Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Albert Youngwoo Jang
- Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Phillip C. Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Wook-Jin Chung
- Gachon Cardiovascular Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
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Ji Z, Wang C, Tong Q. Role of miRNA-324-5p-Modified Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Post-Myocardial Infarction Repair. Int J Stem Cells 2021; 14:298-309. [PMID: 34158416 PMCID: PMC8429947 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc21025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives To seek out the role of mircoRNA (miR)-324-5p-modified adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in post-myocardial infarction (MI) myocardial repair. Methods and Results Rat ADSCs were cultivated and then identified by morphologic observation, osteogenesis and adipogenesis induction assays and flow cytometry. Afterwards, ADSCs were modified by miR-324-5p lentiviral vector, with ADSC proliferation and migration measured. Then, rat MI model was established, which was treated by ADSCs or miR-324-5p-modified ADSCs. Subsequently, the function of miR-324-5p-modified ADSCs in myocardial repair of MI rats was assessed through functional assays. Next, the binding relation of miR-324-5p and Toll-interacting protein (TOLLIP) was validated. Eventually, functional rescue assay of TOLLIP was performed to verify the role of TOLLIP in MI. First, rat ADSCs were harvested. Overexpressed miR-324-5p improved ADSC viability. ADSC transplantation moderately enhanced cardiac function of MI rats, reduced enzyme levels and decreased infarct size and apoptosis; while miR-324-5p-modified ADSCs could better promote post-MI repair. Mechanically, miR-324-5p targeted TOLLIP in myocardial tissues. Moreover, TOLLIP overexpression debilitated the promotive role of miR-324-5p-modified ADSCs in post-MI repair in rats. Conclusions miR-324-5p-modified ADSCs evidently strengthened post-MI myocardial repair by targeting TOLLIP in myocardial tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhou Ji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
| | - Chan Wang
- Jinzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinzhou, China
| | - Qing Tong
- Office of Academic Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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Seok H, Oh JH. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Infants from the Perspective of Cardiomyocyte Maturation. Korean Circ J 2021; 51:733-751. [PMID: 34327880 PMCID: PMC8424452 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2021.0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) in infancy is rare and many fulminant cases are fatal. Infantile HCM shows a rapid progressive clinical course and different characteristics compared with late-onset HCM presenting during the prepubertal age. There are also spontaneously resolving phenotypes of HCM that are diagnosed in neonates being treated for bronchopulmonary dysplasia with corticosteroids or in those with other problems related to maternal endocrine diseases. The pathophysiology of infantile HCM has not been well described. Therefore, this review updates the pathophysiology of infantile HCM and includes molecular studies on maturation of cardiomyocytes from a clinician's point of view. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is characterized by ventricular wall hypertrophy with diastolic dysfunction. Pediatric HCM is distinguished from the adult in many aspects. Most children with HCM do not present clinically until the adolescent period, even when they are born with genetic mutations. Some infants with early-onset HCM present with massive progressive myocardial hypertrophy in the first few months of life, which is often fatal. The mortality of pediatric HCM peaks during the infantile and adolescent periods. These periods roughly correlate with children's growth spurt. Non-sarcomeric causes of HCM are more frequent in pediatric HCM, while sarcomeric causes are more common in adults. From the perspective of cardiac development, the fetal heart has immature cardiomyocytes, which are characterized by proliferation and exit their cell cycles with a decreased regenerative property after birth. In the perinatal period, there is a dynamic change in maturation of cardiomyocytes from immature to mature cells. Infants who are treated with steroids or born to mothers with diabetes or hyperthyroidism often show phenotypes of HCM, which gradually resolve. With remarkable advancement of molecular biology, understanding on maturation of cardiomyocytes has increased. Neonates undergo abrupt environmental changes during the transitional circulation, which is affected by oxygen, metabolic and hormonal fluctuations. Derangement in physiological transition to the normal postnatal environment may influence maturation of proliferative immature cardiomyocytes during early infancy. This article reviews updates of infantile HCM and recent molecular studies related to maturation of cardiomyocytes from the clinical point of view of identifying distinct characteristics of infantile HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heeyoung Seok
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Hee Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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Ye J, Xiao Z, Gao L, Zhang J, He L, Zhang H, Liu Q, Yang G. Assessment of the effects of four crosslinking agents on gelatin hydrogel for myocardial tissue engineering applications. BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS (BRISTOL, ENGLAND) 2021; 16. [PMID: 33975301 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abfff2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiomyocyte (CM) transplantation is a promising option for regenerating infarcted myocardium. However, poor cell survival and residence rates reduce the efficacy of cell transplantation. Gelatin (GA) hydrogel as a frequently-used cell carrier is a possible approach to increase the survival rate of CMs. In this study, microbial transglutaminase (mTG) and chemical crosslinkers glutaraldehyde, genipin, and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)-carbodiimide were employed to prepare GA hydrogels. The mechanical properties and degradation characteristics of these hydrogels were then evaluated. Neonatal rat CMs (NRCMs) were isolated and inoculated on the surface of these hydrogels or encapsulated in mTG-hydrogels. Cellular growth morphology and beating behavior were observed. Cellular viability and immunofluorescence were analyzed. Intracellular Ca2+transient and membrane potential propagation were detected using fluorescence dyes (Fluo-3 and di-4-ANEPPS, respectively). Results showed that the chemical crosslinkers exhibited high cytotoxicity and resulted in high rates of cell death. By contrast, mTG-hydrogels showed excellent cell compatibility. The CMs cultured in mTG-hydrogels for a week expressed CM maturation markers. The NRCMs begun independently beating on the third day of culture, and their beating synchronized after a week of culture. Furthermore, intracellular Ca2+transient events with periodicity were observed. In conclusion, the novel mTG-crosslinked GA hydrogel synthesized herein has good biocompatibility, and it supports CM adhesion, growth, and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ye
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghua Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, No. 37 Guo Xue Alley, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Gao
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling He
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Yang
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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