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Peleg O, Idan M, Katz R. Exploring the relationship between binge eating and differentiation of self: the mediating role of emotional distress and work stress. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1368995. [PMID: 39040923 PMCID: PMC11260811 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1368995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is a prevalent eating disorder outlined in the DSM-5. Emotional distress (including stress, anxiety, and depression) stands out as a critical risk factor for developing eating disorders, and specifically BED. Recent studies have identified differentiation of self- a family pattern involving the ability to balance emotions and cognitions, as well as intimacy and autonomy-as a factor that exacerbates emotional distress. This relationship highlights the importance of addressing both emotional distress and family dynamics in understanding BED. While associations have been found between work-related factors and family dynamics with emotional distress, there has been limited investigation into the specific risk factors that are uniquely linked to BED. It was hypothesized that differentiation of self would relate to BED symptoms through the mediation of emotional distress and work stress. A systematic sampling method was applied to select a total of 275 participants for this study, with 60% women and 40% men (aged 20-45, M = 32.71, SD = 7.50). The findings suggest that low differentiation of self may increase vulnerability to BED symptoms by increasing susceptibility to emotional distress, including stress in the workplace. In addition, the analyses indicated that women reported higher levels of BED symptoms, while men reported higher levels of differentiation of self. The study sheds light on the contribution of unregulated family and emotional patterns to BED, providing valuable insights for organizations seeking to promote healthier work environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ora Peleg
- Max Stern Academic College of Emek Yezreel, Emek Yezreel, Israel
| | - Meirav Idan
- Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ruth Katz
- Department of Human Services, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Tang YT, Liew JX, Chooi WT. Characteristics of Malaysian 16-year-old girls who reported regular binge eating episodes and the associated risk factors: a descriptive study. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2023; 35:411-422. [PMID: 37712612 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2023-0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Adolescents may suffer from binge eating (BE), that refers to consuming a large amount of food in a short period of time and accompanied by feelings of loss of control (LOC) over eating. This study compared the prevalence of BE between 16-year-old Malaysian girls from two types of public schools, Malay-English-medium and Chinese-Malay-English-medium schools. Additionally, this study identified associated risk factors of those who presented regular BE episodes, including LOC eating, anxiety, body mass index (BMI), body dissatisfaction (BD) and eating disorders (EDs) psychopathology. METHODS 398 participants completed self-reports assessing BE symptoms, LOC eating, state anxiety, trait anxiety, EDs psychopathology, and BD. They also reported heights and weights. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, chi-square tests, and Z-test for independent proportions were conducted. RESULTS There was no significant difference in either the prevalence of BE or EDs psychopathology between participants from the two types of schools. 71 (17.8 %) participants reported moderate-to-severe symptoms of BE, and 46 (11.6 %) reported moderate-to-severe levels of LOC eating. Those who reported moderate-to-severe symptoms of BE reported significantly higher levels of LOC eating, BD, drive to be thinner, BMI, state anxiety, and EDs psychopathology, compared to those who reported none-to-minimal BE. CONCLUSIONS BE and LOC eating appeared to be relatively common among secondary school girls in Malaysia. The relatively high prevalence of BE amongst adolescents in our sample highlighted the importance of early identification of signs for BE as preventive measures from developing EDs psychopathology among children and adolescents. We propose that attitudes towards eating and body image-related concerns should be included in school screenings aimed at preventing psychological problems in minors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Tang
- School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Jia Xian Liew
- School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Weng-Tink Chooi
- School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Brassard SL, Laliberte M, MacKillop J, Balodis IM. Disgust sensitivity and behavioural inhibitory systems in binge eating disorder: associations with eating pathology. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:15. [PMID: 36805341 PMCID: PMC9941244 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01544-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Disgust sensitivity refers to how unpleasant a disgusting experience is to an individual and is involved in the development of many psychiatric conditions. Given its link with food ingestion, there is an interest in understanding how an individual's susceptibility to disgust relates to dietary habits. One possible mechanism giving rise to this association is through the effects negative emotions have on high-order cognitive processes, but few studies take this model into account. The aim of this study was to characterize general disgust sensitivity in a clinical binge eating disorder (BED) population, and explore whether disgust sensitivity relates to inhibitory control and eating pathology. Following a case-controlled study design, our results show that: (1) disgust sensitivity and its subscales do not differ between BED and healthy controls, (2) higher disgust sensitivity in BED relates to greater behavioural inhibition, (3) inhibitory control reaction times relate to aspects of eating pathology, and (4) inhibitory control does not mediate relationships between disgust sensitivity and BMI among participants with BED. Understanding the role of disgust sensitivity in BED may allow us to understand how negative emotion systems maintain dysregulated eating behaviours with the potential to inform emotion-regulation treatment approaches. Level of evidence: Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Brassard
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8P 3P2, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Michele Laliberte
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8P 3P2, Canada.,Eating Disorders Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8P 3P2, Canada.,Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Iris M Balodis
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8P 3P2, Canada. .,Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
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Abdulla ZARA, Almahmood HO, Alghasra RR, Alherz ZAS, Alsharifa HAG, Qamber SJ, Alomar NA, Almajed FE, Almahroos TR, Alnajjas ZA, Alsayyad AS. Prevalence and associated factors of binge eating disorder among Bahraini youth and young adults: a cross-sectional study in a self-selected convenience sample. J Eat Disord 2023; 11:5. [PMID: 36627719 PMCID: PMC9831363 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-022-00726-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge eating disorder (BED) is defined as recurrent ingestion of an unusually large amount of food in a discrete period of time. BED has the highest prevalence of all eating disorders. Studies have shown a strong relationship between BED and both physical and psychological factors such as obesity, depression and anxiety. This research aimed to report the prevalence and associated factors of BED among Bahrainis (aged 15-30 years). METHODS A total of 959 participants (aged 15-30 years) completed self-administered online questionnaires. BED was measured using the binge eating disorder Screener-7. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and General Anxiety Disorder-7 were used to measure depression and anxiety, respectively. RESULTS Out of all participants, 21.2% had binge eating symptoms. A higher BMI, a restricted diet, depression and anxiety were associated with more frequent binge eating symptoms. Out of all associated factors, depression had the strongest association with binge eating, (rp = 0.371, p < 0.0001). However, sociodemographic variables including age and other medical conditions were not significantly associated with BED symptoms. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the prevalence of BED symptoms was significantly high among the study participants. The results point out the crucial role of awareness of the interaction between obesity, depression and anxiety as potential risk factors for binge eating tendencies. Further research should examine their relationship with BED.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hend Omar Almahmood
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, 329 Bahrain
| | - Razan Raed Alghasra
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, 329 Bahrain
| | | | | | - Seham Jamal Qamber
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, 329 Bahrain
| | - Nadia Aaref Alomar
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, 329 Bahrain
| | | | | | - Zainab Ali Alnajjas
- College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, 329 Bahrain
| | - Adel Salman Alsayyad
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, 329 Bahrain
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Binge Eating in a Slovenian Population-based Sample of Adults. Zdr Varst 2022; 62:39-47. [PMID: 36694796 PMCID: PMC9837812 DOI: 10.2478/sjph-2023-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Binge eating is the most common form of disordered eating associated with obesity, reduced quality of life, and medical and psychological comorbidities. It therefore affects the well-being of individuals. This underscores the fact that it is a serious public health problem. The study aimed to investigate binge eating and anxiety across gender, age and body mass index in a large population sample of adults in Slovenia. Methods A total of 3,310 adult volunteers participated in this cross-sectional study. Questionnaires, including a binge eating and anxiety scale and an eating behaviour questionnaire, were completed by 1,487 subjects (90.9% female, ages 18 to 69). Results The frequency of reported binge eating was 29.9%, with 9.8% of participants reporting severe binge eating, and the presence of overweight and obesity was high (41.8%). BMI was associated with this problematic eating, and explained 5.4% of the variation in binge eating. Importantly, anxiety was the most important factor related to binge eating, with younger participants and women reporting significantly more anxiety. Conclusion The high presence of binge eating, obesity and anxiety in the Slovenian population-based sample is worrying. Anxiety is clearly an important factor in understanding the relationship between negative affect and binge eating, as it accounts for a greater proportion of the variance in binge eating symptoms than BMI. Particularly concerning was the fact that the youngest participants showed the greatest anxiety. Targeting anxious adolescents and females is important from a health perspective because it can impact the physical and mental health of the population in the long term.
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Dikyol Mutlu A, Cihan H, KÖKSAL Z. The perceived role of food and eating among turkish women with obesity: A qualitative analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-12. [PMID: 36313584 PMCID: PMC9589573 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03778-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The studies show the link between Body Mass Index (BMI) and higher food responsiveness despite negative physical, social, and psychological outcomes. The descriptive studies examining what makes individuals with higher BMI values more likely to respond to food are limited, while there is none in the Turkish sample. This study aims to understand the subjective relationship of women with obesity/overweight related to food in Turkish culture. Turkish adult women (aged 22-54) who have BMI higher than 25 (overweight/obesity) participated in semi-structured interviews focusing on how they relate to food and obesity. Participants were reached through Ankara Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Obesity outpatient service. Audio-recorded interviews were analyzed predominantly inductively by thematic analysis principles. Analysis of these interviews reflected three main themes: (1) the act of eating: "I don't know why I eat when I'm full", (2) being overweight: "I am the kind of person who constantly tries to lose weight", and (3) sources of distress. The results indicated the dynamic relationship between the desire to eat, chronic stress, perceived unavailability of close ones, and low sense of self-worth among adult women with obesity/overweight. The other indication is the effect of culture in shaping the relationship dynamics, the sources of distress, and the eating patterns in developing and maintaining obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Dikyol Mutlu
- Ankara Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Obstetrics Gynecology Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hüdayar Cihan
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Zuhal KÖKSAL
- Ankara Etlik Zubeyde Hanım Obstetrics Gynecology Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Disentangling binge eating disorder and food addiction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1963-1970. [PMID: 35041154 PMCID: PMC9287203 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01354-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The concept of "Food Addiction" has been based on criteria of Substance Use Disorder. Several studies suggested a relationship between food addiction and eating disorders, but little is known about its extent or role. We aim at exploring if food addiction is coincident with a specific eating disorder (binge eating disorder appears the closest) or it is a separate diagnostic entity that afflicts in comorbidity with eating disorders or other conditions like obesity or even in the general population. METHODS This systematic review and meta-analysis analyzed observational studies with a comparative estimation on rates of subjects affected by binge eating disorder and food addiction. RESULTS Binge eating disorder shows higher comorbidity with food addiction compared to other eating disorders (OR = 1.33, 95% CI, 0.64-2.76; c2 = 4.42; p = 0.44;I2 = 0%), or each eating disorder [anorexia nervosa purging type (OR = 1.93, 95% CI, 0.20-18.92; p = 0.57) and restrictive type (OR = 8.75, 95% CI, 1.08-70.70; p = 0.04)], obese patients (OR = 5.72, 95% CI, 3.25-10.09; p = < 0.0001) and individuals from the general population (OR = 55.41, 95% CI, 8.16-376.10; c2 = 18.50; p < 0.0001; I2 = 0%)but has decreased prevalence when compared to bulimia nervosa (OR = 0.85, 95% CI, 0.33-2.22; c2 = 0.35; p = 0.74; I2 = 0%). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our data show that the prevalence of food addiction in binge eating disorder is higher than in other eating disorders except in bulimia nervosa. Moreover, it is a separate diagnostic reality and can be detected in people without mental illness and in the general population. Food addiction might have a prognostic value, since in comorbidity, and should be addressed to boost treatment efficacy and patient's recovery. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I: Evidence obtained systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
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Haddad-Tóvolli R, Ramírez S, Muñoz-Moreno E, Milà-Guasch M, Miquel-Rio L, Pozo M, Chivite I, Altirriba J, Obri A, Gómez-Valadés AG, Toledo M, Eyre E, Bortolozzi A, Valjent E, Soria G, Claret M. Food craving-like episodes during pregnancy are mediated by accumbal dopaminergic circuits. Nat Metab 2022; 4:424-434. [PMID: 35379970 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00557-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Preparation for motherhood requires a myriad of physiological and behavioural adjustments throughout gestation to provide an adequate environment for proper embryonic development1. Cravings for highly palatable foods are highly prevalent during pregnancy2 and contribute to the maintenance and development of gestational overweight or obesity3. However, the neurobiology underlying the distinct ingestive behaviours that result from craving specific foods remain unknown. Here we show that mice, similarly to humans, experience gestational food craving-like episodes. These episodes are associated with a brain connectivity reorganization that affects key components of the dopaminergic mesolimbic circuitry, which drives motivated appetitive behaviours and facilitates the perception of rewarding stimuli. Pregnancy engages a dynamic modulation of dopaminergic signalling through neurons expressing dopamine D2 receptors in the nucleus accumbens, which directly modulate food craving-like events. Importantly, persistent maternal food craving-like behaviour has long-lasting effects on the offspring, particularly in males, leading to glucose intolerance, increased body weight and increased susceptibility to develop eating disorders and anxiety-like behaviours during adulthood. Our results reveal the cognitively motivated nature of pregnancy food cravings and advocates for moderating emotional eating during gestation to prevent deterioration of the offspring's neuropsychological and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Haddad-Tóvolli
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sara Ramírez
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emma Muñoz-Moreno
- Experimental 7T MRI Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Milà-Guasch
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluis Miquel-Rio
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Macarena Pozo
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iñigo Chivite
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Altirriba
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Arnaud Obri
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alicia G Gómez-Valadés
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Toledo
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Eyre
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Analia Bortolozzi
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques de Barcelona (IIBB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Guadalupe Soria
- Experimental 7T MRI Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory of Surgical Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniera, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism (NeuCoMe) Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Barcelona, Spain.
- School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Lavín-Pérez AM, Martín-Sánchez C, Martínez-Núñez B, Lobato-Rincón LL, Villafaina S, González-García I, Mata-Cantero A, Graell M, Merellano-Navarro E, Collado-Mateo D. Effects of Dog-Assisted Therapy in Adolescents with Eating Disorders: A Study Protocol for a Pilot Controlled Trial. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2784. [PMID: 34679805 PMCID: PMC8532616 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders are characterized by a persistent disturbance that alters food intake and it is often accompanied by anxiety, depression, low self-esteem, or reduced functional capacity and quality of life. Animal-assisted therapies (AAT) have shown benefits in these variables in children and adult populations. Thus, the present pilot study will aim to evaluate the effects of a dog-assisted therapy on the eating disorders symptoms, mental, psychosocial, and physical health, quality of life, and handgrip strength of adolescents suffering from eating disorders. METHODS The current pilot study will involve 32 patients, who will be assigned to a control or an experimental group. Intervention will be conducted once a week for seven weeks. Neither the experimental nor the control group will discontinue their usual care. The main outcome measures will be the eating disorder symptoms and the health-related quality of life measured with standardized questionnaires, while the secondary variables will be anxiety, depression, character, behavior, strength, and body mass. CONCLUSIONS This pilot-controlled trial will be the first to evaluate the effects of dog-assisted therapy on the physical and mental health of adolescents with eating disorders. Significant improvements, in the primary and secondary outcomes, may be expected based on the known benefits of AAT on self-esteem, stress, and self-control in different populations. Finally, although the program is focused on the improvement of adolescents' health, animal welfare will be a priority in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Myriam Lavín-Pérez
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.L.-P.); (D.C.-M.)
| | - Cristina Martín-Sánchez
- Animal-Assisted Intervention Office, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (L.L.L.-R.); (I.G.-G.)
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Núñez
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.-N.); (M.G.)
| | - Luis Lucio Lobato-Rincón
- Animal-Assisted Intervention Office, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (L.L.L.-R.); (I.G.-G.)
- Department of Psychology, King Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, 28943 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santos Villafaina
- Physical Activity and Quality of Life Research Group (AFYCAV), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Israel González-García
- Animal-Assisted Intervention Office, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (L.L.L.-R.); (I.G.-G.)
| | - Ana Mata-Cantero
- Perroterapia-Animal-Assisted Interventions, Rivas Vaciamadrid, 28943 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Montserrat Graell
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology Department, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (B.M.-N.); (M.G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28943 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Collado-Mateo
- Centre for Sport Studies, Rey Juan Carlos University, Fuenlabrada, 28943 Madrid, Spain; (A.M.L.-P.); (D.C.-M.)
- Animal-Assisted Intervention Office, Rey Juan Carlos University, Móstoles, 28933 Madrid, Spain; (C.M.-S.); (L.L.L.-R.); (I.G.-G.)
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Lim MC, Parsons S, Goglio A, Fox E. Anxiety, stress, and binge eating tendencies in adolescence: a prospective approach. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:94. [PMID: 34344454 PMCID: PMC8330038 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00444-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent years have witnessed an increasing prevalence of binge eating tendencies in adolescence-warranting a clearer understanding of their underlying predisposing and precipitating factors. The current study investigated whether the interaction between high levels of anxiety and stress predicted increased levels of binge eating tendencies in a prospective cohort of adolescents (N = 324). METHODS Measurements were taken over three waves (M ages: 13.33, 14.48, 15.65) as part of the CogBIAS Longitudinal Study. Longitudinal associations between levels of anxiety and stress with binge eating tendencies were estimated using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM), which calculates within-person fluctuations over time while accounting for individual trait-like stability and between-person variations. Binge eating tendencies were measured by the Cognitive Restraint, Uncontrolled Eating, and Emotional Eating styles from the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18. Two models were created for each binge eating tendencies variable: (1) a basic model with anxiety and stress as independent variables; (2) an interaction model with an additional anxiety*stress interaction term. Model fit was assessed by SEM fit indices: X2, CFI, NFI, TLI, RMSEA, SRMR. Superior model fit was ascertained by a chi-square difference test (p < .05). RESULTS For Cognitive Restraint, the interaction model demonstrated superior fit to the data (p < .05). The anxiety*stress interaction at Waves 1 and 2 was significantly negatively associated with Cognitive Restraint at Waves 2 (β = -0.18, p = .002) and 3 (β = -0.14, p = .002)-suggesting that anxiety and stress interacted to predict increased binge eating tendencies linked with cognitive restraint over and above their independent effects. In contrast, the interaction term between anxiety*stress did not predict levels of Uncontrolled Eating or Emotional Eating over time. CONCLUSIONS The results highlight the importance of increasing awareness of the interaction between concurrently high anxiety and stress as a potential risk factor for binge eating tendencies in young people. TRIAL REGISTRATION Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele C Lim
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK.
| | - Sam Parsons
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Alessia Goglio
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Elaine Fox
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
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Agustí A, Campillo I, Balzano T, Benítez-Páez A, López-Almela I, Romaní-Pérez M, Forteza J, Felipo V, Avena NM, Sanz Y. Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 Modulates the Brain Reward Response to Reduce Binge Eating and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Rat. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4959-4979. [PMID: 34228269 PMCID: PMC8497301 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Food addiction (FA) is characterized by behavioral and neurochemical changes linked to loss of food intake control. Gut microbiota may influence appetite and food intake via endocrine and neural routes. The gut microbiota is known to impact homeostatic energy mechanisms, but its role in regulating the reward system is less certain. We show that the administration of Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 (B. uniformis) in a rat FA model impacts on the brain reward response, ameliorating binge eating and decreasing anxiety-like behavior. These effects are mediated, at least in part, by changes in the levels of dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline in the nucleus accumbens and in the expression of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the prefrontal cortex and intestine. B. uniformis reverses the fasting-induced microbiota changes and increases the abundance of species linked to healthy metabolotypes. Our data indicate that microbiota-based interventions might help to control compulsive overeating by modulating the reward response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Agustí
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health. Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research(IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
| | - Isabel Campillo
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health. Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research(IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Tiziano Balzano
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alfonso Benítez-Páez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health. Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research(IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Inmaculada López-Almela
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health. Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research(IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Romaní-Pérez
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health. Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research(IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jerónimo Forteza
- Instituto Valenciano de Patología Unidad Mixta de Patología Molecular, Centro Investigación Príncipe Felipe/Universidad Católica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Felipo
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nicole M Avena
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition and Health. Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish Council for Scientific Research(IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain.
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Guzmán-Rodríguez S, Chávez-Reyes J, Vázquez-León P, Soriano-Ursúa MA, Rosalez MN, Allende G, Marichal-Cancino BA. 1-Boc-Piperidine-4-Carboxaldehyde Prevents Binge-Eating Behaviour and Anxiety in Rats. Pharmacology 2021; 106:305-315. [PMID: 33756489 DOI: 10.1159/000513376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Piperidines are biogenic amines studied mainly in toxicology because they were initially found as alkaloids from peppers and insect venoms. Piperidines are also produced in the human body, and their actions seem to be related to wakefulness/sleep and other cognitive phenomena. Piperidines have been minimally characterized for therapeutic applications. In this context, 1-Boc-piperidine-4-carboxaldehyde (1-Boc-piperidine) is a piperidine-derivative molecule with no mechanism of action reported, although its uses include the synthesis of GPR119 selective agonists that have been patented as anti-obesity drugs. OBJECTIVES The aim of this work was to study the effects of 1-Boc-piperidine on binge-eating behaviour and anxiety in Wistar rats. METHODS In experimental protocol 1, binge-eating behaviour was induced in animals that received pre-treatment (i.p.) with (i) vehicle (methanol 10%; 1 mL/kg), (ii) 1-Boc-piperidine (1 µmol kg-1), or (iii) 1-Boc-piperidine (10 µmol kg-1). In experimental protocol 2, mildly stressed animals were evaluated in the elevated plus maze under the acute effects of the pre-treatments applied in experimental protocol 1. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS 1-Boc-piperidine decreased, in a dose-dependent manner, the intake of calories from a succulent hyper-caloric food in a binge-eating protocol in female rats, whereas the acute exposition to this piperidine exerted an anxiolytic effect in the male rat. In both effects, the mechanism of action remains to be characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Guzmán-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Jesús Chávez-Reyes
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Priscila Vázquez-León
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Marvin A Soriano-Ursúa
- Academia de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Melvin N Rosalez
- Academia de Fisiología y Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gonzalo Allende
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Bruno A Marichal-Cancino
- Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Ciudad Universitaria, Aguascalientes, Mexico,
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13
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Miller RL, Lucas-Thompson RG, Sanchez N, Smith AD, Annameier SK, Casamassima M, Verros M, Melby C, Johnson SA, Shomaker LB. Effects of a mindfulness-induction on subjective and physiological stress response in adolescents at-risk for adult obesity. Eat Behav 2021; 40:101467. [PMID: 33310488 PMCID: PMC7906939 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2020.101467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-training may benefit stress response and stress-eating, yet few studies have experimentally tested these effects in adolescents. In this short communication, we report whether a brief mindfulness-induction affected acute stress response and stress-eating in adolescents at-risk for adult obesity. We explored disordered eating as a moderator. METHOD Twenty-nine adolescents (age 14 ± 2 y) at-risk for adult obesity participated in a within-subjects, randomized crossover experiment. Following a 10-minute mindfulness or neutral-induction on different days in random order, the Trier Social Stress Test adapted for adolescents was administered, followed by an ad libitum lunch meal. Physiological stress response (heart rate, blood pressure) and subjective stress response (anxiety, mindlessness) were determined with area under the curve with respect to increase. Stress-eating was measured as test meal energy consumed. Global disordered-eating and binge-eating were assessed with the Eating Disorders Examination-Questionnaire. RESULTS Relative to a neutral-induction, a mindfulness-induction reduced state anxiety response (p = .04). There were significant interactions of induction-type by global disordered-eating (p = .02) and binge-eating (p = .03), such that the mindfulness-induction most reduced anxiety response in adolescents with relatively lower global disordered-eating and those with no binge-eating. Induction-type also interacted with binge-eating in predicting diastolic blood pressure (p = .03). A mindfulness-induction, versus neutral-induction, most reduced diastolic blood pressure response in adolescents with binge-eating. CONCLUSIONS Brief mindfulness-training may alter some aspects of acute stress response, with variations by disordered-eating. Future research should test alternative mindfulness induction-types (e.g., acceptance/self-compassion) to improve our understanding of how mindfulness-training may benefit adolescents at-risk for adult obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reagan L Miller
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Rachel G Lucas-Thompson
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America; Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Natalia Sanchez
- Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Amy D Smith
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Shelly K Annameier
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Milena Casamassima
- Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Megan Verros
- Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America
| | - Christopher Melby
- Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America; Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, United States of America
| | - Sarah A Johnson
- Department of Food Science & Human Nutrition, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, United States of America
| | - Lauren B Shomaker
- Department of Human Development & Family Studies, College of Health & Human Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America; Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO, United States of America.
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Khosravi M. Biopsychosocial factors associated with disordered eating behaviors in schizophrenia. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2020; 19:67. [PMID: 33292324 PMCID: PMC7697367 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-020-00314-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent hypotheses have suggested that schizophrenic patients are more likely to consume unhealthy foods, causing increased rates of mortality and morbidity associated with metabolic syndrome. This raises the need for more in-depth research on disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) in schizophrenic patients. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate biopsychosocial factors associated with DEBs in schizophrenia. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 308 participants (including 83 subjects in the active phase of schizophrenia, 71 subjects in the remission phase of schizophrenia, and 154 control subjects) were recruited through convenience sampling among patients who referred to the Baharan Psychiatric hospital in Zahedan, Iran. Patients were assessed through Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Data were analyzed using SPSS v25 software. Further, the statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of DEBs was 41.5% in schizophrenic patients (vs. 10.3% in the control group, p = 0.012). No significant difference was observed in the EAT-26 scores based on gender and phases of schizophrenia. According to multiple linear regression analysis, lack of psychosocial rehabilitation, use of atypical antipsychotics, early stages of psychosis, high level of anxiety and depression, expression of more active psychotic symptoms, tobacco smoking, and suffering from type 2 diabetes were all associated with increased development of DEBs among schizophrenic patients. CONCLUSIONS Since the occurrence of DEBs is independent of different phases of schizophrenia, the risk of DEBs is required to be evaluated during the entire course of schizophrenia especially at earlier stages of schizophrenia. Moreover, the use of psychosocial interventions, treatment of affective disorders (i.e., anxiety and depression), antipsychotic medication switching, treatment of tobacco smoking and type 2 diabetes may reduce the risk of DEBs among schizophrenic patients. However, further investigations are required to prove the actual roles of the above factors in developing DEBs among schizophrenic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Khosravi
- Department of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Baharan Psychiatric Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, 9813913777, Zahedan, Iran.
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15
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Constant A, Moirand R, Thibault R, Val-Laillet D. Meeting of Minds around Food Addiction: Insights from Addiction Medicine, Nutrition, Psychology, and Neurosciences. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113564. [PMID: 33233694 PMCID: PMC7699750 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This review, focused on food addiction (FA), considers opinions from specialists with different expertise in addiction medicine, nutrition, health psychology, and behavioral neurosciences. The concept of FA is a recurring issue in the clinical description of abnormal eating. Even though some tools have been developed to diagnose FA, such as the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) questionnaire, the FA concept is not recognized as an eating disorder (ED) so far and is even not mentioned in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manuel of Mental Disorders version 5 (DSM-5) or the International Classification of Disease (ICD-11). Its triggering mechanisms and relationships with other substance use disorders (SUD) need to be further explored. Food addiction (FA) is frequent in the overweight or obese population, but it remains unclear whether it could articulate with obesity-related comorbidities. As there is currently no validated therapy against FA in obese patients, FA is often underdiagnosed and untreated, so that FA may partly explain failure of obesity treatment, addiction transfer, and weight regain after obesity surgery. Future studies should assess whether a dedicated management of FA is associated with better outcomes, especially after obesity surgery. For prevention and treatment purposes, it is necessary to promote a comprehensive psychological approach to FA. Understanding the developmental process of FA and identifying precociously some high-risk profiles can be achieved via the exploration of the environmental, emotional, and cognitive components of eating, as well as their relationships with emotion management, some personality traits, and internalized weight stigma. Under the light of behavioral neurosciences and neuroimaging, FA reveals a specific brain phenotype that is characterized by anomalies in the reward and inhibitory control processes. These anomalies are likely to disrupt the emotional, cognitive, and attentional spheres, but further research is needed to disentangle their complex relationship and overlap with obesity and other forms of SUD. Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment must rely on a multidisciplinary coherence to adapt existing strategies to FA management and to provide social and emotional support to these patients suffering from highly stigmatized medical conditions, namely overweight and addiction. Multi-level interventions could combine motivational interviews, cognitive behavioral therapies, and self-help groups, while benefiting from modern exploratory and interventional tools to target specific neurocognitive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymery Constant
- INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms Cancer, 35590 St Gilles, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
- EHESP, School of Public Health, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Romain Moirand
- INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms Cancer, 35590 St Gilles, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
- Unité d’Addictologie, CHU Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Ronan Thibault
- INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms Cancer, 35590 St Gilles, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
- Unité de Nutrition, CHU Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - David Val-Laillet
- INRAE, INSERM, University Rennes, NuMeCan, Nutrition Metabolisms Cancer, 35590 St Gilles, 35000 Rennes, France; (A.C.); (R.M.); (R.T.)
- Correspondence:
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16
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Trude ACB, Black MM, Surkan PJ, Hurley KM, Wang Y. Maternal anxiety and diet quality among mothers and toddlers from low-income households. MATERNAL AND CHILD NUTRITION 2020; 16:e12992. [PMID: 32147951 PMCID: PMC7507505 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the association between maternal anxiety score and diet quality over time among mothers and toddlers in low‐income families. Longitudinal data were collected from 267 mother–toddler dyads in an obesity prevention trial. Participants were recruited from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children and paediatric clinics between 2007 and 2010. Dyads were assessed at study enrolment (Time 1), 6‐month (Time 2), and 12‐month follow‐up (Time 3). On the basis of a 1‐day 24‐hr dietary recall, we estimated maternal and toddler diet quality using the Healthy Eating Index 2015. Anxiety, a time‐varying variable, was assessed via the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory. Associations between maternal anxiety score and maternal and toddler diet quality over time were assessed in adjusted mixed models. Maternal and toddler diet quality were positively correlated (r = .48, p < .001). Higher maternal anxiety scores were related to lower toddler Healthy Eating Index scores (b = −0.51, 95% confidence interval, CI [−0.87, −0.15]) with no significant variation over time. The relation between maternal diet quality and anxiety score varied over time (b = 0.28, p = .03, for time–anxiety interaction). Higher maternal anxiety scores were associated with lower maternal diet quality at Time 1 (b = −0.71, 95% CI [−1.09, 0.34]) and at Time 2 (b = −0.51, 95% CI [−0.97, −0.05]), but not at Time 3 (b = −0.14, 95% CI [−0.54, 0.26]). Findings suggest that mothers and toddlers exhibited similar low‐quality dietary patterns and that lower diet quality was associated with higher maternal anxiety scores. Approaches to enhance diet quality may consider incorporating anxiety‐reducing strategies into maternal and toddler care and feeding behaviour guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela C B Trude
- Growth and Nutrition Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen M Black
- Growth and Nutrition Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pamela J Surkan
- Social and Behavioral Intervention Program, International Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kristen M Hurley
- Center for Human Nutrition, International Health, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Growth and Nutrition Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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17
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Kao YC, Wei WY, Tsai KJ, Wang LC. High Fat Diet Suppresses Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors and Reduces Dopaminergic Neurons in the Substantia Nigra. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 21:ijms21010207. [PMID: 31892244 PMCID: PMC6981702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21010207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although several epidemiologic and animal studies have revealed correlations between obesity and neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson disease (PD), the underlying pathological mechanisms of obesity-induced PD remain unclear. Our study aimed to assess the effect of diet-induced obesity on the brain dopaminergic pathway. For five months, starting from weaning, we gave C57BL/6 mice a high-fat diet (HFD) to generate an obese mouse model and investigate whether the diet reprogrammed the midbrain dopaminergic system. Tyrosine hydroxylase staining showed that the HFD resulted in fewer dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN), but not the striatum. It also induced neuroinflammation, with increased astrogliosis in the SN and striatum. Dendritic spine density in the SN of HFD-exposed mice decreased, which suggested that prolonged HFD altered dopaminergic neuroplasticity. All three peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtype (PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ, PPAR-γ) levels were significantly reduced in the SN and the ventral tegmental area of HFD mice when compared to those in controls. This study showed that a prolonged HFD induced neuroinflammation, suppressed PPAR levels, caused degeneration of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, and resulted in symptoms reminiscent of human PD. To our knowledge, this is the first study documenting the effects of an HFD on PPARs in dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chia Kao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (W.-Y.W.)
- Department of Pediatrics, E-DA Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yen Wei
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (W.-Y.W.)
| | - Kuen-Jer Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (W.-Y.W.)
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-J.T.); (L.-C.W.); Tel.: +886-6-235-3535-4254 (K.-J.T.); +886-6-235-3535-7212 (L.-C.W.)
| | - Liang-Chao Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan; (Y.-C.K.); (W.-Y.W.)
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-J.T.); (L.-C.W.); Tel.: +886-6-235-3535-4254 (K.-J.T.); +886-6-235-3535-7212 (L.-C.W.)
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18
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Saade S, Hallit S, Haddad C, Hallit R, Akel M, Honein K, Akiki M, Kheir N, Obeid S. Factors associated with restrained eating and validation of the Arabic version of the restrained eating scale among an adult representative sample of the Lebanese population: a cross-sectional study. J Eat Disord 2019; 7:24. [PMID: 31346465 PMCID: PMC6636024 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-019-0254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research suggests that restrained eating is problematic in Lebanon and is associated with the occurrence of clinically diagnosed eating disorders. Because of the alarming prevalence and severity of these disorders, the aim of this study is to investigate factors that may contribute to restrained eating in adults among a representative sample of the Lebanese population. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study conducted between January and May 2018; 811 adult participants were enrolled from all Lebanese districts. The Dutch Restrained Eating scale was used to measure body disturbance. The factors that were assessed in the questionnaire were body dissatisfaction, self-esteem, perceived stress, anxiety, depression, emotion regulation, emotional eating and adult attachment styles. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 27.59 ± 11.76 years, and included 66.5% females. In the absence of a cutoff value for the Dutch Restrained Eating scale, we took the median (2.6) as the cutoff value. The results showed that 391 (48.3%) had restrained eating. The Dutch Restrained Eating scale items converged over a solution of one factor that had an Eigenvalue over 1, explaining a total of 60.69% of the variance (Cronbach's alpha was high =0.928). The linear regression results, taking the Dutch restrained eating scale as the dependent variable, showed that being a female (Beta = 0.31), increased age (Beta = 0.01), higher body mass index (Beta = 0.01), an intermediate monthly income (Beta = 0.25), higher body dissatisfaction scores (Beta = 0.03), higher adult anxiety attachment style (Beta = 0.008), higher emotion regulation cognitive reappraisal facet (Beta = 0.01), feeling pressure from TV/magazine to lose weight (Beta = 0.45) and practicing sport activities (Beta = 0.41) were associated with higher restrained eating scores. CONCLUSION Our findings show that numerous factors are associated with restrained eating in the Lebanese community. They include body dissatisfaction, cognitive reappraisal, female gender, eating attitudes, social media pressure and adult attachment. Therefore, the development of prevention strategies directed at an improved body image perception and increasing knowledge about factors that might influence this body image and critical thinking regarding media images is warranted, with the ultimate goal of promoting healthier choices in the Lebanese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Saade
- 1School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- 2Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Chadia Haddad
- Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
| | - Rabih Hallit
- 2Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Marwan Akel
- 1School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon.,INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Karl Honein
- 2Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Maria Akiki
- 2Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon
| | - Nelly Kheir
- Faculty of Pedagogy, Université de la Sainte Famille, Batroun, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- INSPECT-LB: Institut National de Santé Publique, Epidemiologie Clinique et Toxicologie, Beirut, Lebanon.,Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, 60096, Jal Eddib, Lebanon.,6Faculty of Philosophy and Human Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.,7Faculty of Pedagogy, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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19
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Garcia GD, Pompeo DA, Eid LP, Cesarino CB, Pinto MH, Gonçalves LWP. Relationship between anxiety, depressive symptoms and compulsive overeating disorder in patients with cardiovascular diseases. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2018; 26:e3040. [PMID: 30183873 PMCID: PMC6136526 DOI: 10.1590/1518-8345.2567.3040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: to identify the presence of compulsive overeating disorder in patients with
cardiovascular diseases and to verify its relation with sociodemographic,
clinical variables and the presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Method: cross-sectional, correlational study with a sample of 111 patients with
cardiovascular diseases. The presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms was
assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
instrument and compulsive overeating disorder was assessed through a likert
instrument called the Periodic Eating Disorder Scale (Binge Eating Scale).
Results: there was a predominance of patients without compulsive overeating disorder
(n=91, 82%), followed by moderated compulsive overeating (n=15, 13.5%) and
severe (n=5, 4.5%) associating to high levels of body mass index (p=0.010)
and the presence of anxiety (p=0.017). Conclusion: Compulsive overeating disorder was present in 18% of the patients, being
associated with body mass index and anxiety, suggesting that health
professionals should pay attention to the comprehensive evaluation of
patients with cardiovascular diseases. Important results emerged from this
study, emphasizing the need to implement programs to improve the patients’
mental and physical health in both primary and specialized care
services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géssica Damares Garcia
- Child and Adolescent Health Multidisciplinary Residency Student, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele Alcalá Pompeo
- PhD, Adjunct Professor, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Palota Eid
- PhD, Adjunct Professor, Unidade Acadêmica Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Jataí, GO, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Bernardi Cesarino
- PhD, Adjunct Professor, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Pinto
- PhD, Adjunct Professor, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
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Rosenbaum DL, White KS. Understanding the complexity of biopsychosocial factors in the public health epidemic of overweight and obesity. Health Psychol Open 2016; 3:2055102916634364. [PMID: 28070393 PMCID: PMC5193301 DOI: 10.1177/2055102916634364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a complex and multifaceted public health problem. This commentary reflects on a new theoretical model of obesity (i.e. Homeostatic Theory of Obesity proposed by Marks), and calls for additional research to examine biopsychosocial factors that may be of importance in developing interventions that promote long-term maintenance of weight loss and in developing obesity prevention programs. Furthermore, we discuss the role of socioeconomic factors in obesity and call for interdisciplinary efforts to address obesity risk factors in the interest of public health.
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