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Olvera-Ramírez AM, McEwan NR, Stanley K, Nava-Diaz R, Aguilar-Tipacamú G. A Systematic Review on the Role of Wildlife as Carriers and Spreaders of Campylobacter spp. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1334. [PMID: 37106897 PMCID: PMC10135385 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. are important zoonotic pathogens and can cause one of the main bacterial diarrheal diseases worldwide. Research in the context of infection arising from transmission from other humans and other vertebrates has been extensive. A large fraction of these investigations has focused on domestic animals; however, there are also a number of publications which either totally, or at least in part, consider the role of wild or feral animals as carriers or spreaders of Campylobacter spp. Here, we carry out a systematic review to explore the role played by wild vertebrates as sources of Campylobacter spp. with a compilation of prevalence data for more than 150 species including reptiles, mammals and birds. We found that numerous vertebrate species can act as carriers of Campylobacter species, but we also found that some host specificity may exist, reducing the risk of spread from wildlife to domestic animals or humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Margarita Olvera-Ramírez
- Cuerpo Académico Salud Animal y Microbiología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Avenida de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Delegación Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro C.P. 76230, Mexico
| | - Neil Ross McEwan
- School of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Karen Stanley
- Department of Biosciences and Chemistry, Sheffield Hallam University City Campus, Howard Street, Sheffield S1 1WB, UK
| | - Remedios Nava-Diaz
- Posdoctoral CONACyT Program, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Avenida de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Delegación Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro C.P. 76230, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Aguilar-Tipacamú
- Cuerpo Académico Salud Animal y Microbiología Ambiental, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Avenida de las Ciencias S/N, Juriquilla, Delegación Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro C.P. 76230, Mexico
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Tawakol MM, Nabil NM, Samir A, M HH, Yonis AE, Shahein MA, Elsayed MM. The potential role of migratory birds in the transmission of pathogenic Campylobacter species to broiler chickens in broiler poultry farms and live bird markets. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:66. [PMID: 36899325 PMCID: PMC9999534 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02794-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Campylobacter species (spp.) are one of the most important zoonotic bacteria possessing potential hazards for animal and human health worldwide. Migratory birds are implicated as significant carriers for microbes and a play very important role in the dissemination of Campylobacter to broiler chickens and their environment. The purpose of this investigation was to detect the prevalence, antibiotic resistant patterns, virulence and diversity of pathogenic Campylobacter spp. in 7 migratory bird species (Northern shoveler, Common pochard, Common teal, Northern pintail, Eared Grebe, Great Crested Grebe and Garganey) and broiler chickens that were collected from broiler poultry farms and live bird markets. RESULTS The prevalence of Campylobacter was 12.5% (25/200), of which 15% (15/100) was recovered from 5 migratory bird species only and 10% (10/100) from broiler chickens. At the level of migratory birds, eight isolates (53.3%) were Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and 7 isolates (46.7%) were Campylobacter coli (C. coli) meanwhile, in broiler chickens C. jejuni and C. coli were 50% (5/10) for each. All isolated strains had phenotypic resistance to doxycycline, while all of the isolates were susceptible to amikacin. The multidrug resistance to three, four or five antimicrobial classes was found in 72% (18/25) of the isolated strains. The multiantibiotic resistance index between the examined isolates was 0.22-0.77, with 10 antibiotic resistance patterns. The virulence of isolated Campylobacter strains (from both migratory birds and broiler chicken birds) was detected by targeting the VirB11, ciaB and iam genes which were recorded at 16%, 52% and 100%, respectively. Additionally, 100% and 84% of the antibiotic resistance genes were identified as tetA and BlaOXA-61, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study revealed the diversity between all the isolated strains from migratory birds and their similarity to broiler chicken isolates. The findings of the present study highlight the impact of migratory birds visiting Egypt and other countries on pathogenic Campylobacter spp. carrying pathogenic virulence and resistance genes, necessitating the application of biosecurity measures to prevent migratory birds from entering farms during their migration period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maram M Tawakol
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Nehal M Nabil
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Abdelhafez Samir
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Hawash H M
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Ahlam E Yonis
- Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control On Poultry Production, Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Momtaz A Shahein
- Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Nadi El-Seid Street, Dokki, Giza, 12618, Egypt
| | - Mona M Elsayed
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt.
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Ibrahim Mohamed MY, Abu J, Aziz SA, Zakaria Z, Khan AR, Habib I. Occurrence of antibiotic resistant C. jejuni and E. coli in wild birds, chickens, humans, and the environment in Malay villages, Kedah, Malaysia. VET MED-CZECH 2022; 67:298-308. [PMID: 39100641 PMCID: PMC11296224 DOI: 10.17221/102/2021-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens have become a major concern not only due to the diseases they cause, but also because of the rise of antibiotic resistant strains in human and animals. The purposes of this study were to determine the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli and their antibiotic resistance profiles in wild birds, chickens, humans, and the environment in Malay villages in Malaysia. Three Malay villages in Kota Setar, Kedah were chosen. Three hundred nine (309) samples were collected in this study including wild birds (38), chickens (71), humans (47), and the environment (153). Subsequently, the C. jejuni and E coli isolates were tested against antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. Campylobacter jejuni was found positive in 17 (37.8%) flies and 8 (11.3%) chickens. Also, E. coli was found positive in 89.4% of human, 47.4% of bird, 44 62% of chicken and in 71.2% of the environmental samples. Ten antibiotics were used to determine the susceptibility of the isolates. Eighty four percent (84%) of C. jejuni and 100% of E. coli isolates were found to show resistance towards at least one antibiotic. The isolates showed high resistance to cefpodoxime and tetracycline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed-Yousif Ibrahim Mohamed
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab of Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Jalila Abu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Saleha Abdul Aziz
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zunita Zakaria
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Rashid Khan
- Department of Public Health and Medicine, Penang Medical College, George Town, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ihab Habib
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab of Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Olimpi EM, Garcia K, Gonthier DJ, Kremen C, Snyder WE, Wilson‐Rankin EE, Karp DS. Semi‐natural habitat surrounding farms promotes multifunctionality in avian ecosystem services. J Appl Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elissa M. Olimpi
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology University of California Davis CA USA
| | - Karina Garcia
- Department of Entomology University of Kentucky Lexington KY USA
| | | | - Claire Kremen
- Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley CA USA
- Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Center University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada
| | | | | | - Daniel S. Karp
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation Biology University of California Davis CA USA
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Antilles N, García-Bocanegra I, Alba-Casals A, López-Soria S, Pérez-Méndez N, Saco M, González-Solís J, Cerdà-Cuéllar M. Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of zoonotic enteropathogens in gulls from southern Europe. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:143018. [PMID: 33158539 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. are the two most frequent zoonotic bacteria involved in human enteric infections in the European Union. Both enteropathogens have been isolated from a diversity of wild birds in Northern Europe, but there is limited information about gulls as potential reservoirs in Southern Europe. A broad sampling of fledglings from nine colonies of yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis, N = 1222) and Audouin's gull (Larus audouinii, N = 563) has been conducted in Spain and Tunisia during the late chick-rearing period. Overall, the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. and Salmonella spp. was 5.2% (93/1785, CI95%: 4.2-6.2%) and 20.8% (371/1785, CI95%: 18.9-22.7%), respectively. The most predominant Campylobacter species was C. jejuni (94.6%). A high diversity of Salmonella serovars was isolated and the most frequent were those also reported in human outbreaks, such as Salmonella Typhimurium. A high proportion of Campylobacter and Salmonella isolates showed resistance to at least one antimicrobial agent (20.2% and 51.5%, respectively), while 19.2% of Salmonella isolates were multidrug-resistant. These results show the relevance of gulls as reservoirs of Campylobacter and Salmonella by maintaining and spreading these bacteria, including resistant and multidrug resistant strains, in the environment. Our results suggest that gulls can serve as sentinel species for antibiotic pressure in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Antilles
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba-Agrifood Excellence International Campus (ceiA3), 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ana Alba-Casals
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sergio López-Soria
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Néstor Pérez-Méndez
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Saco
- Departament de Microbiologia, Laboratori Agroalimentari de Cabrils, Departament d'Agricultura, Ramaderia, Pesca i Alimentació, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jacob González-Solís
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio) and Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Cerdà-Cuéllar
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Campus de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
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Smith OM, Snyder WE, Owen JP. Are we overestimating risk of enteric pathogen spillover from wild birds to humans? Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2020; 95:652-679. [PMID: 32003106 PMCID: PMC7317827 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Enteric illnesses remain the second largest source of communicable diseases worldwide, and wild birds are suspected sources for human infection. This has led to efforts to reduce pathogen spillover through deterrence of wildlife and removal of wildlife habitat, particularly within farming systems, which can compromise conservation efforts and the ecosystem services wild birds provide. Further, Salmonella spp. are a significant cause of avian mortality, leading to additional conservation concerns. Despite numerous studies of enteric bacteria in wild birds and policies to discourage birds from food systems, we lack a comprehensive understanding of wild bird involvement in transmission of enteric bacteria to humans. Here, we propose a framework for understanding spillover of enteric pathogens from wild birds to humans, which includes pathogen acquisition, reservoir competence and bacterial shedding, contact with people and food, and pathogen survival in the environment. We place the literature into this framework to identify important knowledge gaps. Second, we conduct a meta‐analysis of prevalence data for three human enteric pathogens, Campylobacter spp., E. coli, and Salmonella spp., in 431 North American breeding bird species. Our literature review revealed that only 3% of studies addressed the complete system of pathogen transmission. In our meta‐analysis, we found a Campylobacter spp. prevalence of 27% across wild birds, while prevalence estimates of pathogenic E. coli (20%) and Salmonella spp. (6.4%) were lower. There was significant bias in which bird species have been tested, with most studies focusing on a small number of taxa that are common near people (e.g. European starlings Sturnus vulgaris and rock pigeons Columba livia) or commonly in contact with human waste (e.g. gulls). No pathogen prevalence data were available for 65% of North American breeding bird species, including many commonly in contact with humans (e.g. black‐billed magpie Pica hudsonia and great blue heron Ardea herodias), and our metadata suggest that some under‐studied species, taxonomic groups, and guilds may represent equivalent or greater risk to human infection than heavily studied species. We conclude that current data do not provide sufficient information to determine the likelihood of enteric pathogen spillover from wild birds to humans and thus preclude management solutions. The primary focus in the literature on pathogen prevalence likely overestimates the probability of enteric pathogen spillover from wild birds to humans because a pathogen must survive long enough at an infectious dose and be a strain that is able to colonize humans to cause infection. We propose that future research should focus on the large number of under‐studied species commonly in contact with people and food production and demonstrate shedding of bacterial strains pathogenic to humans into the environment where people may contact them. Finally, studies assessing the duration and intensity of bacterial shedding and survival of bacteria in the environment in bird faeces will help provide crucial missing information necessary to calculate spillover probability. Addressing these essential knowledge gaps will support policy to reduce enteric pathogen spillover to humans and enhance bird conservation efforts that are currently undermined by unsupported fears of pathogen spillover from wild birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, P.O. Box 644236, Pullman, WA, 99164, U.S.A
| | - William E Snyder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, 100 Dairy Road, P.O. Box 646382, Pullman, WA, 99164, U.S.A
| | - Jeb P Owen
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, 100 Dairy Road, P.O. Box 646382, Pullman, WA, 99164, U.S.A
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Moré E, Ayats T, Ryan PG, Naicker PR, Keddy KH, Gaglio D, Witteveen M, Cerdà-Cuéllar M. Seabirds (Laridae) as a source of Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp. and antimicrobial resistance in South Africa. Environ Microbiol 2017; 19:4164-4176. [PMID: 28752962 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic thermophilic Campylobacter and nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica are a major cause of foodborne human gastroenteritis worldwide. There is little information about reservoirs of these zoonotic agents in Africa. Thus, chicks of kelp gulls (Larus dominicanus, n = 129) and greater crested terns (Thalasseus bergii, n = 100) were studied at five colonies on the Western Cape coast (South Africa) during summer 2013/2014. Campylobacter spp. occurrence was 14.0% (CI95% : 9.9-19.3), with C. jejuni the most frequently isolated species, whilst that of Salmonella was 27.5% (CI95% : 21.9-33.9) overall, with a higher prevalence in gulls (43.0%, CI95% : 34.8-52.4) than terns (7.0%, CI95% : 3.1-14.4). Among the 16 different S. enterica serovars found, Anatum, Enteritidis and Hadar were the most frequent. The same or highly similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis genotype was found in some Salmonella isolates from seabirds and humans presenting with salmonellosis in Cape Town hospitals. Both Campylobacter and Salmonella isolates exhibited antimicrobial resistance to several agents, including critically important antimicrobials (quinolones, tetracyclines and β-lactams) and multidrug resistance in Salmonella serovars from kelp gulls. Our results highlight the importance of seabirds as reservoirs of Campylobacter and Salmonella resistant strains and their role in the maintenance and transmission of these bacteria in the environment, with implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Moré
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), IRTA, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Teresa Ayats
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), IRTA, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter G Ryan
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Preneshni R Naicker
- Division of Medical Microbiology, University of Cape Town, National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS) Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Karen H Keddy
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases and Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Centre for Enteric Diseases (CED), Johannesburg 2131, South Africa
| | - Davide Gaglio
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Minke Witteveen
- FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
| | - Marta Cerdà-Cuéllar
- Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA), IRTA, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
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Hald B, Skov MN, Nielsen EM, Rahbek C, Madsen JJ, Wainø M, Chriél M, Nordentoft S, Baggesen DL, Madsen M. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in wild birds on Danish livestock farms. Acta Vet Scand 2016; 58:11. [PMID: 26842400 PMCID: PMC4739333 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-016-0192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing the occurrence of campylobacteriosis is a food safety issue of high priority, as in recent years it has been the most commonly reported zoonosis in the EU. Livestock farms are of particular interest, since cattle, swine and poultry are common reservoirs of Campylobacter spp. The farm environment provides attractive foraging and breeding habitats for some bird species reported to carry thermophilic Campylobacter spp. We investigated the Campylobacter spp. carriage rates in 52 wild bird species present on 12 Danish farms, sampled during a winter and a summer season, in order to study the factors influencing the prevalence in wild birds according to their ecological guild. In total, 1607 individual wild bird cloacal swab samples and 386 livestock manure samples were cultured for Campylobacter spp. according to the Nordic Committee on Food Analysis method NMKL 119. RESULTS The highest Campylobacter spp. prevalence was seen in 110 out of 178 thrushes (61.8 %), of which the majority were Common Blackbird (Turdus merula), and in 131 out of 616 sparrows (21.3 %), a guild made up of House Sparrow (Passer domesticus) and Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus). In general, birds feeding on a diet of animal or mixed animal and vegetable origin, foraging on the ground and vegetation in close proximity to livestock stables were more likely to carry Campylobacter spp. in both summer (P < 0.001) and winter (P < 0.001) than birds foraging further away from the farm or in the air. Age, fat score, gender, and migration range were not found to be associated with Campylobacter spp. carriage. A correlation was found between the prevalence (%) of C. jejuni in wild birds and the proportions (%) of C. jejuni in both manure on cattle farms (R(2) = 0.92) and poultry farms (R(2) = 0.54), and between the prevalence (%) of C. coli in wild birds and the proportions (%) of C. coli in manure on pig farms (R(2) = 0.62). CONCLUSIONS The ecological guild of wild birds influences the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. through the behavioural patterns of the birds. More specifically, wild birds eating food of animal or mixed animal and vegetable origin and foraging on the ground close to livestock were more likely to carry Campylobacter spp. than those foraging further away or hunting in the air. These findings suggest that wild birds may play a role in sustaining the epidemiology of Campylobacter spp. on farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birthe Hald
- Danish Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Poultry, Fish and Fur Animals, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2860, Søborg, Denmark.
| | - Marianne Nielsine Skov
- Department of Microbiology, Danish Veterinary Laboratory, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
- Research Unit for Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Eva Møller Nielsen
- Department of Microbiology, Danish Veterinary Laboratory, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, 2300, Copenhagen S, Denmark.
| | - Carsten Rahbek
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution, and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
- Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK.
| | - Jesper Johannes Madsen
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, 1350, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Michael Wainø
- Danish Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Poultry, Fish and Fur Animals, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
- Chr. Hansen, 2970, Hørsholm, Denmark.
| | - Mariann Chriél
- The Danish Meatboard, 1609, Copenhagen V, Denmark.
- National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
| | - Steen Nordentoft
- Danish Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Poultry, Fish and Fur Animals, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
- Novo Nordisk, 4400, Kalundborg, Denmark.
| | - Dorte Lau Baggesen
- Department of Microbiology, Danish Veterinary Laboratory, 1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, 2860, Søborg, Denmark.
| | - Mogens Madsen
- Danish Veterinary Laboratory, Department of Poultry, Fish and Fur Animals, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
- Dianova Ltd., 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
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PREVALENCE OF THREE CAMPYLOBACTER SPECIES, C. JEJUNI, C. COLI, AND C. LARI, USING MULTILOCUS SEQUENCE TYPING IN WILD BIRDS OF THE MID-ATLANTIC REGION, USA. J Wildl Dis 2014; 50:31-41. [DOI: 10.7589/2013-06-136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Boseret G, Losson B, Mainil JG, Thiry E, Saegerman C. Zoonoses in pet birds: review and perspectives. Vet Res 2013; 44:36. [PMID: 23687940 PMCID: PMC3668993 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-44-36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pet birds are a not-so-well known veterinarian’s clientship fraction. Bought individually or in couples, as families often do (which is a lucrative business for pet shops or local breeders) or traded (sometimes illegally) for their very high genetic or exotic value, these birds, commonly canaries, parakeets or parrots, are regularly sold at high prices. These animals, however, are potential carriers and/or transmitters of zoonotic diseases. Some of them could have an important impact on human health, like chlamydophilosis, salmonellosis or even highly pathogenic avian influenza A H5N1. This review paper, although non exhaustive, aims at enlightening, by the description of several cases of bird-human transmission, the risks encountered by bird owners, including children. Public health consequences will be discussed and emphasis will be made on some vector-borne diseases, known to be emergent or which are underestimated, like those transmitted by the red mite Dermanyssus gallinae. Finally, biosecurity and hygiene, as well as prevention guidelines will be developed and perspectives proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Boseret
- Epidemiology and Risk Analysis Applied to Veterinary Sciences (UREAR-ULg), Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, 4000, Belgium.
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Santos SS, Pardal S, Proença DN, Lopes RJ, Ramos JA, Mendes L, Morais PV. Diversity of cloacal microbial community in migratory shorebirds that use the Tagus estuary as stopover habitat and their potential to harbor and disperse pathogenic microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2012; 82:63-74. [PMID: 22571242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01407.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of the cloacal microbial community in migratory shorebirds, caught at the Tagus estuary, Portugal, was assessed by cultivation (R2A and Nutrient Agar media) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiling (DGGE) to provide a better understanding of the birds' potential to harbor and disperse pathogens. Three different bird species belonging to four different populations were studied: common redshank (Tringa totanus), black-winged stilt (Himantopus himantopus) and nominate and Icelandic populations of black-tailed godwit (Limosa limosa). DGGE profiling and partial 16S RNA gene sequences of 240 isolates, and 26 DGGE bands resulting in 58 clones, were analyzed. Most isolates were members of the phylum Firmicutes and Actinobacteria and only a small portion belonged to the Proteobacteria and Deinococcus-Thermus phyla. Potentially pathogenic strains carried by the birds were found such as Helicobacter and Staphylococcus in all bird species, and Clostridium, Mycobacterium, Rhodococcus, Legionella and Corynebacterium in black-winged stilts. Unexpectedly, bacteria from the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus were isolated in shorebirds and were present in all the bird species studied.
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