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Rawlley-Singh I. Strategic Planning and Program Management of Strength and Conditioning Support Within Elite Sport: A Technical Systems-Driven Perspective. Strength Cond J 2022. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Prevention and Treatment of Sports Injuries and Rehabilitative Physical Training of Wushu Athletes. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:2870385. [PMID: 35535321 PMCID: PMC9078783 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2870385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper is aimed at exploring the characteristics of research on prevention and treatment of sports injuries and rehabilitation physical training of Wushu athletes. It also considers the application of rehabilitation physical training in the rehabilitation of Wushu athletes. By searching literature, conducting questionnaires, and combining mathematical statistics, it studies the injury prevention and rehabilitation training of Wushu athletes. This paper chooses the level of first class and above of sports, and a total of 50 elite male and female Wushu athletes were systematically trained as subjects of study. Athletes, aged 15 to 20 years, were trained for 2 to 5 years, 35 male athletes and 15 female athletes. Different from traditional rehabilitation therapy, athletes' physical rehabilitation training is also different from traditional sports rehabilitation treatment. By evaluating the physical condition of athletes, the causes of sports injuries were analyzed, to formulate special rehabilitation training programs and carry out athletes' rehabilitation training targeted and purposeful. Record the experimental data and analyze the experimental results. The experimental results show that physical rehabilitation training can make athletes avoid the influence of unsafe factors of sports injury, improve the safety of training, and effectively prevent sports injury. The experimental results show that physical rehabilitation training combined with rehabilitation medicine has obvious advantages, which can make Wushu athletes recover quickly without sequelae.
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Emeterio CS, Cochrane D, Guillén - Rogel P, Marín PJ. Short-term effects of lumbopelvic complex stability training in elite female road cyclists. JOURNAL OF MUSCULOSKELETAL & NEURONAL INTERACTIONS 2022; 22:62-69. [PMID: 35234160 PMCID: PMC8919659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of short-term lumbopelvic stability training on muscular endurance and stability in elite female cyclists. METHODS Twenty-four female road cyclists were randomly allocated to a core training group (CTG, n=12) or control group (CG, n=12). In addition to their scheduled training the CTG performed a core training program, that consisted of 6 core exercises performed in a session every other day until a total of 8 training sessions were completed. The CG did not receive the core training program and completed their scheduled training. The lumbopelvic-hip complex was assessed pre- and post-core program included the following exercises: single leg deadlift (SLD), bird-dog (BD), plank test (PT), and side-bridge plank test (SPT). RESULTS In comparison to CG, CTG significantly improved the time to failure in PT, SPT-Left, and SPT-Right (p<0.05). Further, CTG resulted in a significant decrease in SLD (p<0.05) compared to CG for the three accelerometry measures. CONCLUSION The present results indicate that following 8 sessions of lumbopelvic stability training muscular endurance and core stability were enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina San Emeterio
- Laboratory of Physiology, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Spain,CYMO Research Institute, Spain
| | - Darryl Cochrane
- School of Sport, Exercise & Nutrition, Massey University, New Zealand
| | - Paloma Guillén - Rogel
- Laboratory of Physiology, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Spain,CYMO Research Institute, Spain
| | - Pedro J. Marín
- CYMO Research Institute, Spain,Corresponding author: Pedro J Marín, PhD, CYMO Research Institute, Valladolid, Spain E-mail:
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Price J, Rushton A, Tyros V, Heneghan NR. Expert consensus on the important chronic non-specific neck pain motor control and segmental exercise and dosage variables: An international e-Delphi study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253523. [PMID: 34197481 PMCID: PMC8248695 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic non-specific neck pain is highly prevalent, resulting in significant disability. Despite exercise being a mainstay treatment, guidance on optimal exercise and dosage variables is lacking. Combining submaximal effort deep cervical muscles exercise (motor control) and superficial cervical muscles exercise (segmental) reduces chronic non-specific neck pain, but evaluation of optimal exercise and dosage variables is prevented by clinical heterogeneity. OBJECTIVE To gain consensus on important motor control and segmental exercise and dosage variables for chronic non-specific neck pain. METHODS An international 3-round e-Delphi study, was conducted with experts in neck pain management (academic and clinical). In round 1, exercise and dosage variables were obtained from expert opinion and clinical trial data, then analysed thematically (two independent researchers) to develop themes and statements. In rounds 2 and 3, participants rated their agreement with statements (1-5 Likert scale). Statement consensus was evaluated using progressively increased a priori criteria using descriptive statistics. RESULTS Thirty-seven experts participated (10 countries). Twenty-nine responded to round 1 (79%), 26 round 2 (70%) and 24 round 3 (65%). Round 1 generated 79 statements outlining the interacting components of exercise prescription. Following rounds 2 and 3, consensus was achieved for 46 important components of exercise and dosage prescription across 5 themes (clinical reasoning, dosage variables, exercise variables, evaluation criteria and progression) and 2 subthemes (progression criteria and progression variables). Excellent agreement and qualitative data supports exercise prescription complexity and the need for individualised, acceptable, and feasible exercise. Only 37% of important exercise components were generated from clinical trial data. Agreement was highest (88%-96%) for 3 dosage variables: intensity of effort, frequency, and repetitions. CONCLUSION Multiple exercise and dosage variables are important, resulting in complex and individualised exercise prescription not found in clinical trials. Future research should use these important variables to prescribe an evidence-informed approach to exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Price
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Services, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine) School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Rushton
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine) School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- School of Physical Therapy, Western University, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nicola R. Heneghan
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine) School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Rawlley-Singh I, King R. Developing a Strength and Conditioning Technical Framework: An Example From a Canoe Slalom National Performance Program. Strength Cond J 2021. [DOI: 10.1519/ssc.0000000000000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Ehiogu UD, Stephens G, Jones G, Schöffl V. Acute Hamstring Muscle Tears in Climbers-Current Rehabilitation Concepts. Wilderness Environ Med 2020; 31:441-453. [PMID: 33189522 DOI: 10.1016/j.wem.2020.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Acute hamstring injuries are often caused by the heel hook technique. This technique is unique to climbing and causes injury to muscular and inert tissues of the posterior thigh. The heel hook is used by climbers during strenuous ascent on overhanging walls and when crossing difficult terrain. The technique reduces the amount of upper body strength required during strenuous climbing because the climber's center of mass is retained within the base of support. The heel hook is stressful collectively for the hamstring muscle group and musculotendinous junction. Depending on injury severity, both conservative and surgical methods exist for the management of hamstring injuries. Contemporary approaches to rehabilitation primarily advocate the use of eccentric muscle strengthening strategies because of high rates of elongation stress associated with sprinting and team sports. However, there is reason to doubt whether this alone is sufficient to rehabilitate the climbing athlete in light of the high degree of concentric muscle strength required in the heel hook maneuver. This review examines the contemporary rehabilitation and strength and conditioning literature in relation to the management of acute hamstring musculotendinous injuries for the climbing athlete. The review provides a comprehensive approach for the rehabilitation and athletic preparation of the climbing athlete from the initial injury to full return to sports participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzo Dimma Ehiogu
- Birmingham Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Research and Training Department, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Birmingham Medical School, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Gareth Stephens
- Birmingham Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Research and Training Department, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Jones
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Schöffl
- School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Klinikum Bamberg, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Section of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Klinikum Bamberg, Germany; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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Clinical-Reasoning-Systematik zur Erstellung von Übungsprogrammen für die Brustwirbelsäule im Sport: systematische Übersichtsarbeit mit narrativer Zusammenfassung. PHYSIOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1199-0702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Price J, Rushton A, Tyros I, Tyros V, Heneghan NR. Effectiveness and optimal dosage of exercise training for chronic non-specific neck pain: A systematic review with a narrative synthesis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234511. [PMID: 32520970 PMCID: PMC7286530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical guidelines make vague recommendations as to exercise training (ET) type and dosage to manage chronic non-specific neck pain (CNSNP). OBJECTIVE To synthesise evidence on the effectiveness of different ET programmes to reduce CNSNP and associated disability, and whether dosage affects outcomes. METHODS A systematic review and data synthesis was conducted according to a published registered protocol (PROSPERO CRD42018096187). A sensitive topic-based search was conducted of CINAHL, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PEDro, grey literature sources and key journals from inception to 6th January 2020 for randomised controlled trials, investigating ET for CNSNP or disability. Two reviewers independently completed eligibility screening, data extraction, risk of bias assessment (Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool) and rated the overall strength of evidence using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Data was tabulated for narrative synthesis and grouped by intervention, outcome and time point to compare across studies. RESULTS Twenty-six trials from 3990 citations (n = 2288 participants) investigated fifteen ET programmes. High RoB and low sample sizes reduced evidence quality. Clinical heterogeneity prevented meta-analyses. A range of ET programmes reduce pain/disability in the short term (low to moderate evidence). Pillar exercises reduce pain/disability in the intermediate term (low level evidence). Moderate to very large pain reduction is found with ET packages that include motor control + segmental exercises (low to moderate evidence). No high-quality trials investigated long term outcomes. Increased frequency of motor control exercises and progressively increased load of pillar exercise may improve effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS Motor control + segmental exercises are the most effective ET to reduce short term pain/disability, but long-term outcomes have not been investigated. Optimal motor control + segmental exercise variables and dosage is unknown and requires clarification. An adequately powered, low RoB trial is needed to evaluate the effectiveness and optimal dosage of motor control + segmental on long term outcomes. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42018096187.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Price
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Services, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine) School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Rushton
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine) School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Isaak Tyros
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine) School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
- Edgbaston Physiotherapy Clinic, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Vasileios Tyros
- Edgbaston Physiotherapy Clinic, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola R Heneghan
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine) School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Price J, Rushton A, Tyros V, Heneghan NR. Consensus on the exercise and dosage variables of an exercise training programme for chronic non-specific neck pain: protocol for an international e-Delphi study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e037656. [PMID: 32414832 PMCID: PMC7232615 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical guidelines and systematic reviews recommend exercise in the management of chronic non-specific neck pain. Although exercise training programmes that consist of both motor control exercise and exercises for the superficial cervical muscles (segmental exercises) are effective, the exercise variables including dosage vary considerably across trials or are poorly reported. This study aims to gain expert consensus on these exercise variables so that they can be described clearly using intervention reporting checklists to inform clinical practice and future clinical trials. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This protocol for an international Delphi study is informed by the Guidance on Conducting and REporting DElphi Studies recommendations and published to ensure quality, rigour and transparency. The study will consist of three rounds using anonymous online questionnaires. Expert exercise professionals (physiotherapists, strength and conditioning coaches and so on) and academics in neck pain management will be identified through literature searches, peer referral and social media calls for expression of interest. In round 1, participants will answer open-ended questions informed by intervention and exercise reporting checklists. Responses will be analysed thematically by two independent reviewers. In round 2, participants will rate their level of agreement with statements generated from round 1 and previous clinical trials using a 5-point Likert scale where 1=strongly disagree and 5=strongly agree. In round 3, participants will re-rate their agreement with statements that achieved consensus in round 2. Statements reaching consensus among participants must meet progressively increased a priori criteria at rounds 2 and 3, measured using descriptive statistics: median, IQR and percentage agreement. Inferential statistics will be used to evaluate measures of agreement between participants (Kendall's coefficient of concordance) and stability between rounds (Wilcoxon rank-sum test). Statements achieving consensus in round 3 will provide expert recommendations of the key exercise and dosage variables in the management of chronic non-specific neck pain. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was provided by the University of Birmingham Ethics Committee (Ref:ERN_19-1857). Results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Price
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Services, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alison Rushton
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Nicola R Heneghan
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Heneghan NR, Lokhaug SM, Tyros I, Longvastøl S, Rushton A. Clinical reasoning framework for thoracic spine exercise prescription in sport: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2020; 6:e000713. [PMID: 32341799 PMCID: PMC7173996 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The thoracic spine is critical for athletic kinetic chain functioning yet widely overlooked in terms of specific evidenced-based exercise prescription. Thoracic mobility, motor control and strength are required to optimise performance in sport and minimise excessive load/stress on other components of the kinetic chain. OBJECTIVE To identify and evaluate mobility, motor control, work capacity and strength thoracic exercises for use in athletes. DESIGN Systematic review involving expert reviewers at key stages: searches and screening (n=1), eligibility, evaluation, data extraction and evaluation (n=3). Key databases and social media sources were searched to 16 August 2019. Eligible exercises were thoracic exercises to promote mobility, motor control, work capacity and strength. A narrative synthesis enabled an outcome-based classification of exercises, with level of evidence of individual sources informing overall level of evidence for each outcome (Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine). RESULTS From 2348 sources (social media, database searches and other sources), 38 exercises were included. Sources included images, video clips and written descriptions of exercises. Exercises targeting all planes of motion were evaluated and classified according to outcome. Exercises comprised functional and non-functional exercises for mobility (n=9), work capacity (n=15), motor control (n=7) and strength (n=7). Overall level of evidence for each outcome was level 5. CONCLUSION This synthesis and evaluation of exercises has captured the scope of thoracic exercises used in 'practice'. Evaluation against an expert-derived outcome-based classification provides practitioners with a framework to facilitate exercise prescription. Evaluation of validity and effectiveness of exercises on outcomes is now required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola R Heneghan
- Centre of Precision Rehabiliation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
| | - Svein M Lokhaug
- Centre of Precision Rehabiliation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
- Helsefag, Norwegian Institute of Sport Medicine, Oslo, Norway
| | - Isaak Tyros
- Edgbaston Physiotherapy Clinic, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Alison Rushton
- Centre of Precision Rehabiliation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, UK
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Price J, Rushton A, Tyros I, Heneghan NR. Effectiveness and optimal dosage of resistance training for chronic non-specific neck pain: a protocol for a systematic review with a qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025158. [PMID: 30782926 PMCID: PMC6398773 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The prevalence of neck pain is increasing rapidly with a high percentage of patients going on to experience recurrent or chronic symptoms. The resulting pain and disability are commonly managed using a variety of treatments including exercise. Resistance training exercise aimed at the neck and shoulders is advocated to treat chronic non-specific neck pain (CNSNP), however the dosage of prescribed exercise varies considerably between studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of resistance training in CNSNP and to determine an optimal dosage that should be prescribed in clinical practice. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A systematic review with qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis will be conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Excerpta Medica Database, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, PEDro, Zetoc, Index to Chiropractic Literature ChiroAcces, PubMed, grey literature sources and key journals will be searched. Randomised clinical trials investigating resistance training exercise in adults with CNSNP using outcome measures of pain and/or disability will be eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers will independently screen for eligibility, extract data and assess risk of bias (Cochrane risk of bias tool) with a third reviewer mediating in cases of disagreement. Data will be synthesised qualitatively to investigate intervention effectiveness and to determine the effect of exercise dosage on pain and disability. Meta-analysis using a random-effects model will be conducted where sufficient clinical homogeneity exists. The strength of the overall body of evidence will be assessed and reported using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study raises no ethical issues. Results will inform exercise prescription to improve management of CNSNP. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018096187.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Price
- Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy Services, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alison Rushton
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Isaak Tyros
- Edgbaston Physiotherapy Clinic, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nicola R Heneghan
- Centre of Precision Rehabilitation for Spinal Pain (CPR Spine), School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Delextrat A, Piquet J, Matthews MJ, Cohen DD. Strength-Endurance Training Reduces the Hamstrings Strength Decline Following Simulated Football Competition in Female Players. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1059. [PMID: 30245633 PMCID: PMC6138075 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hamstring strains are the most common injury in multiple sprint sports, with inadequate eccentric hamstring strength and fatigue identified as important risk factors. Resistance training interventions aimed at reducing injury risk typically focus on the development of maximum strength, while little is known about the impact of training on hamstring fatigue resistance. The present study compared the effects of strength endurance (SE) with a strength intervention (S) on the eccentric hamstring strength decline induced by a simulated soccer match. Twenty-one female soccer players were randomly assigned to a S group (n = 10) or a SE group (n = 11). Hamstrings and quadriceps isokinetic concentric and eccentric peak torque (PT) were assessed at 120°.s-1 and hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio (HEcc:QCon) calculated, pre- and immediately post a 90-min simulated match (BEAST90). This was repeated following a 7-week intervention of either three to five sets of 6RM leg curl and stiff-leg deadlift with 3-min inter-set rest (S), or the same exercises performed using three sets of 12–20 RM with 45–90 s inter-set rest (SE). At baseline, the simulated match led to significant declines in hamstrings eccentric peak torque (EccPT) in both groups in both dominant (D) and non-dominant (ND) legs [SE: (D: -15.5, ND: -15.6%), P = 0.001 to 0.016; S: (D: -12.3%, ND: -15.5%), P = 0.001 to 0.018]. After the 7-week intervention, we observed a group∗intervention∗match interaction such that there was no significant decline in EccPT in the SE group following the simulated match (D: 5.3%, ND: 2.0%), but there remained significant declines in the S group (D: -14.2%, ND: -15.5%, P = 0.018–0.001). Similarly, in the SE group, there was a significant decrease in the HEcc:QCon in D before (-14.2%, P = 0.007), but not after the training intervention, whereas declines were observed in the S group both at baseline, and following the intervention (D: -13.9%, ND: -15.6%, P = 0.045). These results demonstrate that SE training can reduce the magnitude of the EccPT decline observed during soccer competition. As inadequate eccentric strength and fatigue are both risk factors for hamstring injury, SE training should be considered along with the development of peak eccentric strength, as a component of programs aimed at reducing injury risk in multiple-sprint sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Delextrat
- Sport and Health Science Department, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Piquet
- Sport and Health Science Department, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn J Matthews
- School of Health Sciences, Centre for Health Sciences Research, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel D Cohen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Clark DR, Lambert MI, Hunter AM. Contemporary perspectives of core stability training for dynamic athletic performance: a survey of athletes, coaches, sports science and sports medicine practitioners. SPORTS MEDICINE - OPEN 2018; 4:32. [PMID: 30014195 PMCID: PMC6047949 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-018-0150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Core stability training has grown in popularity over 25 years, initially for back pain prevention or therapy. Subsequently, it developed as a mode of exercise training for health, fitness and sport. The scientific basis for traditional core stability exercise has recently been questioned and challenged, especially in relation to dynamic athletic performance. Reviews have called for clarity on what constitutes anatomy and function of the core, especially in healthy and uninjured people. Clinical research suggests that traditional core stability training is inappropriate for development of fitness for heath and sports performance. However, commonly used methods of measuring core stability in research do not reflect functional nature of core stability in uninjured, healthy and athletic populations. Recent reviews have proposed a more dynamic, whole body approach to training core stabilization, and research has begun to measure and report efficacy of these modes training. The purpose of this study was to assess extent to which these developments have informed people currently working and participating in sport. METHODS An online survey questionnaire was developed around common themes on core stability training as defined in the current scientific literature and circulated to a sample population of people working and participating in sport. Survey results were assessed against key elements of the current scientific debate. RESULTS Perceptions on anatomy and function of the core were gathered from a representative cohort of athletes, coaches, sports science and sports medicine practitioners (n = 241), along with their views on effectiveness of various current and traditional exercise training modes. Most popular method of testing and measuring core function was subjective assessment through observation (43%), while a quarter (22%) believed there was no effective method of measurement. Perceptions of people in sport reflect the scientific debate, and practitioners have adopted a more functional approach to core stability training. There was strong support for loaded, compound exercises performed upright, compared to moderate support for traditional core stability exercises. Half of the participants (50%) in the survey, however, still support a traditional isolation core stability training. CONCLUSION Perceptions in applied practice on core stability training for dynamic athletic performance are aligned to a large extent to the scientific literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R. Clark
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moore’s University, 102, 2 Moorfields, Liverpool, L2 2BS UK
| | - Michael I. Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Angus M. Hunter
- Physiology, Exercise and Nutrition Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences and Sport, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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