1
|
Song Y, Chen B, Zeng K, Cai K, Sun H, Liu D, Liu P, Xu G, Jiang G. Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging of pancreas: Probing evidence of β-cell dysfunction in asymptomatic adults with hyperglycemia in vivo. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 108:161-167. [PMID: 38336114 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early evaluation of β-cell dysfunction of hyperglycemic patients in asymptomatic adults would be valuable for timely prevention of the diabetes. This study aimed to evaluate functional changes in the pancreas using intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) and determine whether it could be used as a non-invasive method of assessing β-cell dysfunction. METHODS This prospective cohort study was conducted from August 2022 to November 2022 in Jinan University Affiliated Guangdong Second General Hospital. Three groups were enrolled and underwent IVIM-DWI: confirmed patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM); hyperglycemic patients in asymptomatic adults; and the volunteers with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Imaging parameters were obtained: apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), the true diffusion coefficient (Dt), the pseudo-diffusion coefficient (Dp), and the perfusion fraction (f). The β-cell function indexes were calculated from blood examinations: composite insulin sensitivity index (ISI), 60-min insulinogenic index (IGI60), and the disposition index (DI). We compared imaging parameters among three groups, calculated the diagnostic performance of them for differentiating different groups, and the reproducibility of them was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS The imaging parameters except f gradually decreased among the groups with significant differences for ADC (p < 0.0001), Dt (p < 0.0001), and Dp (p = 0.013). Dt demonstrated the best diagnostic performance for differentiating asymptomatic patients from NGT (Area Under Curve [AUC] = 0.815, p < 0.0001). IVIM-DWI parameters correlated with composite ISI and DI, of which, Dt has the highest correlation with DI (Pearson correlation coefficient [r] = 0.546, p < 0.0001). The ICC of IVIM-DWI parameters was very good, Dt was highest (Interobserver ICC = 0.938, 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.899-0.963; Intraobserver ICC = 0.941, 95% CI, 0.904-0.965). CONCLUSION IVIM-DWI is a non-invasive quantitative method that can identify β-cell dysfunction in the pancreas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Song
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan University Affiliated Guangdong Second General Hospital, College of Medicine, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510317, PR China; Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, #168 Xianggang Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430015, PR China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of diabetes and obesity reversal research center, Jinan University Affiliated Guangdong Second General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, PR China
| | - Kejing Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of diabetes and obesity reversal research center, Jinan University Affiliated Guangdong Second General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, PR China
| | - Kejia Cai
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hui Sun
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan University Affiliated Guangdong Second General Hospital, College of Medicine, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510317, PR China
| | - Deqing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of diabetes and obesity reversal research center, Jinan University Affiliated Guangdong Second General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan University Affiliated Guangdong Second General Hospital, College of Medicine, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510317, PR China.
| | - Gugen Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Department of diabetes and obesity reversal research center, Jinan University Affiliated Guangdong Second General Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510317, PR China.
| | - Guihua Jiang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinan University Affiliated Guangdong Second General Hospital, College of Medicine, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510317, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sharma R, Maity SK, Chakrabarti P, Katika MR, Kapettu S, Parsa KVL, Misra P. PIMT Controls Insulin Synthesis and Secretion through PDX1. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098084. [PMID: 37175791 PMCID: PMC10179560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cell function is an important component of glucose homeostasis. Here, we investigated the function of PIMT (PRIP-interacting protein with methyl transferase domain), a transcriptional co-activator binding protein, in the pancreatic beta cells. We observed that the protein levels of PIMT, along with key beta cell markers such as PDX1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1) and MafA (MAF bZIP transcription factor A), were reduced in the beta cells exposed to hyperglycemic and hyperlipidemic conditions. Consistently, PIMT levels were reduced in the pancreatic islets isolated from high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. The RNA sequencing analysis of PIMT knockdown beta cells identified that the expression of key genes involved in insulin secretory pathway, Ins1 (insulin 1), Ins2 (insulin 2), Kcnj11 (potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11), Kcnn1 (potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 1), Rab3a (member RAS oncogene family), Gnas (GNAS complex locus), Syt13 (synaptotagmin 13), Pax6 (paired box 6), Klf11 (Kruppel-Like Factor 11), and Nr4a1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 1) was attenuated due to PIMT depletion. PIMT ablation in the pancreatic beta cells and in the rat pancreatic islets led to decreased protein levels of PDX1 and MafA, resulting in the reduction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). The results from the immunoprecipitation and ChIP experiments revealed the interaction of PIMT with PDX1 and MafA, and its recruitment to the insulin promoter, respectively. Importantly, PIMT ablation in beta cells resulted in the nuclear translocation of insulin. Surprisingly, forced expression of PIMT in beta cells abrogated GSIS, while Ins1 and Ins2 transcript levels were subtly enhanced. On the other hand, the expression of genes, PRIP/Asc2/Ncoa6 (nuclear receptor coactivator 6), Pax6, Kcnj11, Syt13, Stxbp1 (syntaxin binding protein 1), and Snap25 (synaptosome associated protein 25) associated with insulin secretion, was significantly reduced, providing an explanation for the decreased GSIS upon PIMT overexpression. Our findings highlight the importance of PIMT in the regulation of insulin synthesis and secretion in beta cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Sharma
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Sujay K Maity
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Partha Chakrabarti
- Division of Cell Biology and Physiology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Madhumohan R Katika
- Central Research Lab Mobile Virology Research & Diagnostics BSL3 Lab, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Hyderabad 500038, India
| | - Satyamoorthy Kapettu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, India
| | - Kishore V L Parsa
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Parimal Misra
- Center for Innovation in Molecular and Pharmaceutical Sciences (CIMPS), Dr. Reddy's Institute of Life Sciences (DRILS), University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad 500046, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jain C, Bilekova S, Lickert H. Targeting pancreatic β cells for diabetes treatment. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1097-1108. [PMID: 36131204 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is a life-saving drug for patients with type 1 diabetes; however, even today, no pharmacotherapy can prevent the loss or dysfunction of pancreatic insulin-producing β cells to stop or reverse disease progression. Thus, pancreatic β cells have been a main focus for cell-replacement and regenerative therapies as a curative treatment for diabetes. In this Review, we highlight recent advances toward the development of diabetes therapies that target β cells to enhance proliferation, redifferentiation and protection from cell death and/or enable selective killing of senescent β cells. We describe currently available therapies and their mode of action, as well as insufficiencies of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and insulin therapies. We discuss and summarize data collected over the last decades that support the notion that pharmacological targeting of β cell insulin signalling might protect and/or regenerate β cells as an improved treatment of patients with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chirag Jain
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Immunology Discovery, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sara Bilekova
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
- Chair of β-Cell Biology, Technische Universität München, School of Medicine, Klinikum Rechts der Isar, München, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Small J, Joblin-Mills A, Carbone K, Kost-Alimova M, Ayukawa K, Khodier C, Dancik V, Clemons PA, Munkacsi AB, Wagner BK. Phenotypic Screening for Small Molecules that Protect β-Cells from Glucolipotoxicity. ACS Chem Biol 2022; 17:1131-1142. [PMID: 35439415 PMCID: PMC9127801 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.2c00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is marked by progressive β-cell failure, leading to loss of β-cell mass. Increased levels of circulating glucose and free fatty acids associated with obesity lead to β-cell glucolipotoxicity. There are currently no therapeutic options to address this facet of β-cell loss in obese type 2 diabetes patients. To identify small molecules capable of protecting β-cells, we performed a high-throughput screen of 20,876 compounds in the rat insulinoma cell line INS-1E in the presence of elevated glucose and palmitate. We found 312 glucolipotoxicity-protective small molecules (1.49% hit rate) capable of restoring INS-1E viability, and we focused on 17 with known biological targets. 16 of the 17 compounds were kinase inhibitors with activity against specific families including but not limited to cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK), PI-3 kinase (PI3K), Janus kinase (JAK), and Rho-associated kinase 2 (ROCK2). 7 of the 16 kinase inhibitors were PI3K inhibitors. Validation studies in dissociated human islets identified 10 of the 17 compounds, namely, KD025, ETP-45658, BMS-536924, AT-9283, PF-03814735, torin-2, AZD5438, CP-640186, ETP-46464, and GSK2126458 that reduced glucolipotoxicity-induced β-cell death. These 10 compounds decreased markers of glucolipotoxicity including caspase activation, mitochondrial depolarization, and increased calcium flux. Together, these results provide a path forward toward identifying novel treatments to preserve β-cell viability in the face of glucolipotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonnell
C. Small
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- Chemistry
Biology Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Aidan Joblin-Mills
- School
of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Kaycee Carbone
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Maria Kost-Alimova
- Center
for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad
Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Kumiko Ayukawa
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
- JT
Pharmaceuticals Inc., Takatsuki 569-1125, Osaka, Japan
| | - Carol Khodier
- Center
for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad
Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Vlado Dancik
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Paul A. Clemons
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Andrew B. Munkacsi
- School
of Biological Sciences and Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Bridget K. Wagner
- Chemical
Biology and Therapeutics Science Program, Broad Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bhatti JS, Sehrawat A, Mishra J, Sidhu IS, Navik U, Khullar N, Kumar S, Bhatti GK, Reddy PH. Oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and related complications: Current therapeutics strategies and future perspectives. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 184:114-134. [PMID: 35398495 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a persistent metabolic disorder rising rapidly worldwide. It is characterized by pancreatic insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Hyperglycemia induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and oxidative stress are correlated with the pathogenesis and progression of this metabolic disease. To counteract the harmful effects of ROS, endogenous antioxidants of the body or exogenous antioxidants neutralise it and maintain bodily homeostasis. Under hyperglycemic conditions, the imbalance between the cellular antioxidant system and ROS production results in oxidative stress, which subsequently results in the development of diabetes. These ROS are produced in the endoplasmic reticulum, phagocytic cells and peroxisomes, with the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) playing a pivotal role. The exacerbated ROS production can directly cause structural and functional modifications in proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. It also modulates several intracellular signaling pathways that lead to insulin resistance and impairment of β-cell function. In addition, the hyperglycemia-induced ROS production contributes to micro- and macro-vascular diabetic complications. Various in-vivo and in-vitro studies have demonstrated the anti-oxidative effects of natural products and their derived bioactive compounds. However, there is conflicting clinical evidence on the beneficial effects of these antioxidant therapies in diabetes prevention. This review article focused on the multifaceted role of oxidative stress caused by ROS overproduction in diabetes and related complications and possible antioxidative therapeutic strategies targeting ROS in this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Abhishek Sehrawat
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Jayapriya Mishra
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Inderpal Singh Sidhu
- Department of Zoology, Sri Guru Gobind Singh College, Sector 26, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Naina Khullar
- Department of Zoology, Mata Gujri College, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India.
| | - Shashank Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India.
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Asrih M, Dusaulcy R, Gosmain Y, Philippe J, Somm E, Jornayvaz FR, Kang BE, Jo Y, Choi MJ, Yi HS, Ryu D, Gariani K. Growth differentiation factor-15 prevents glucotoxicity and connexin-36 downregulation in pancreatic beta-cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 541:111503. [PMID: 34763008 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic beta cell dysfunction is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), which is an energy homeostasis regulator, has been shown to improve several metabolic parameters in the context of diabetes. However, its effects on pancreatic beta-cell remain to be identified. We, therefore, performed experiments using cell models and histological sectioning of wild-type and knock-out GDF15 mice to determine the effect of GDF15 on insulin secretion and cell viability. A bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify GDF15-correlated genes. GDF15 prevents glucotoxicity-mediated altered glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and connexin-36 downregulation. Inhibition of endogenous GDF15 reduced GSIS in cultured mouse beta-cells under standard conditions while it had no impact on GSIS in cells exposed to glucolipotoxicity, which is a diabetogenic condition. Furthermore, this inhibition exacerbated glucolipotoxicity-reduced cell survival. This suggests that endogenous GDF15 in beta-cell is required for cell survival but not GSIS in the context of glucolipotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Asrih
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland; University of Geneva Medical School, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rodolphe Dusaulcy
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland; University of Geneva Medical School, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yvan Gosmain
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland; University of Geneva Medical School, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Philippe
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland; University of Geneva Medical School, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Somm
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland; University of Geneva Medical School, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R Jornayvaz
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland; University of Geneva Medical School, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Baeki E Kang
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 16419, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunju Jo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 16419, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Choi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 35015, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 35015, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyon-Seung Yi
- Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Chungnam National University Hospital, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 35015, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, 35015, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 16419, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, 16419, Suwon, Republic of Korea; Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, 06351, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Karim Gariani
- Service of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition and Patient Therapeutic Education, Geneva University Hospitals, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland; University of Geneva Medical School, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dinić S, Arambašić Jovanović J, Uskoković A, Mihailović M, Grdović N, Tolić A, Rajić J, Đorđević M, Vidaković M. Oxidative stress-mediated beta cell death and dysfunction as a target for diabetes management. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1006376. [PMID: 36246880 PMCID: PMC9554708 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1006376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The biggest drawback of a current diabetes therapy is the treatment of the consequences not the cause of the disease. Regardless of the diabetes type, preservation and recovery of functional pancreatic beta cells stands as the biggest challenge in the treatment of diabetes. Free radicals and oxidative stress are among the major mediators of autoimmune destruction of beta cells in type 1 diabetes (T1D) or beta cell malfunction and death provoked by glucotoxicity and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Additionally, oxidative stress reduces functionality of beta cells in T2D by stimulating their de-/trans-differentiation through the loss of transcription factors critical for beta cell development, maturity and regeneration. This review summarizes up to date clarified redox-related mechanisms involved in regulating beta cell identity and death, underlining similarities and differences between T1D and T2D. The protective effects of natural antioxidants on the oxidative stress-induced beta cell failure were also discussed. Considering that oxidative stress affects epigenetic regulatory mechanisms involved in the regulation of pancreatic beta cell survival and insulin secretion, this review highlighted huge potential of epigenetic therapy. Special attention was paid on application of the state-of-the-art CRISPR/Cas9 technology, based on targeted epigenome editing with the purpose of changing the differentiation state of different cell types, making them insulin-producing with ability to attenuate diabetes. Clarification of the above-mentioned mechanisms could provide better insight into diabetes etiology and pathogenesis, which would allow development of novel, potentially more efficient therapeutic strategies for the prevention or reversion of beta cell loss.
Collapse
|
8
|
Rodriguez-Rodriguez AE, Porrini E, Torres A. Beta-Cell Dysfunction Induced by Tacrolimus: A Way to Explain Type 2 Diabetes? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910311. [PMID: 34638652 PMCID: PMC8509035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of insulin resistance and β-cells dysfunction leads to the onset of type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This process can last for decades, as β-cells are able to compensate the demand for insulin and maintain normoglycemia. Understanding the adaptive capacity of β-cells during this process and the causes of its failure is essential to the limit onset of diabetes. Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a common and serious disease that affects 30% of renal transplant recipients. With the exception of immunosuppressive therapy, the risk factors for T2D are the same as for PTDM: obesity, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Tacrolimus (TAC) is the immunosuppressant of choice after renal transplantation but it has the highest rates of PTDM. Our group has shown that insulin resistance and glucolipotoxicity, without favouring the appearance of apoptosis, modify key nuclear factors for the maintenance of identity and functionality of β-cells. In this context, TAC accelerates or enhances these changes. Our hypothesis is that the pathways that are affected in the progression from pre-diabetes to diabetes in the general population are the same pathways that are affected by TAC. So, TAC can be considered a tool to study the pathogenesis of T2DM. Here, we review the common pathways of β-cells dysfunction on T2DM and TAC-induced diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Elena Rodriguez-Rodriguez
- Research Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Fundación General de la Universidad, Universidad de La Laguna, 38204 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Esteban Porrini
- Unidad Ensayos Clinicos-UCICEC, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Instituto Tecnologías Biomédicas (ITB), Universidad de La Laguna, 38200 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-922-678-116
| | - Armando Torres
- Unidad Ensayos Clinicos-UCICEC, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
- Nephrology Department, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, 38320 La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Reed J, Bain S, Kanamarlapudi V. A Review of Current Trends with Type 2 Diabetes Epidemiology, Aetiology, Pathogenesis, Treatments and Future Perspectives. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3567-3602. [PMID: 34413662 PMCID: PMC8369920 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s319895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), which has currently become a global pandemic, is a metabolic disease largely characterised by impaired insulin secretion and action. Significant progress has been made in understanding T2D aetiology and pathogenesis, which is discussed in this review. Extrapancreatic pathology is also summarised, which demonstrates the highly multifactorial nature of T2D. Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 is an incretin hormone responsible for augmenting insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells during the postprandial period. Given that native GLP-1 has a very short half-life, GLP-1 mimetics with a much longer half-life have been developed, which are currently an effective treatment option for T2D by enhancing insulin secretion in patients. Interestingly, there is continual emerging evidence that these therapies alleviate some of the post-diagnosis complications of T2D. Additionally, these therapies have been shown to induce weight loss in patients, suggesting they could be an alternative to bariatric surgery, a procedure associated with numerous complications. Current GLP-1-based therapies all act as orthosteric agonists for the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). Interestingly, it has emerged that GLP-1R also has allosteric binding sites and agonists have been developed for these sites to test their therapeutic potential. Recent studies have also demonstrated the potential of bi- and tri-agonists, which target multiple hormonal receptors including GLP-1R, to more effectively treat T2D. Improved understanding of T2D aetiology/pathogenesis, coupled with the further elucidation of both GLP-1 activity/targets and GLP-1R mechanisms of activation via different agonists, will likely provide better insight into the therapeutic potential of GLP-1-based therapies to treat T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josh Reed
- Institute of Life Science 1, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Stephen Bain
- Institute of Life Science 1, Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tobar-Bernal FA, Zamudio SR, Quevedo-Corona L. The high-fructose intake of dams during pregnancy and lactation exerts sex-specific effects on adult rat offspring metabolism. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:411-419. [PMID: 32519631 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies have demonstrated the effects of maternal fructose consumption during pregnancy and lactation on metabolic alterations in their offspring, especially male offspring. However, few studies have focused on female offspring after providing fructose in food to dam rats. Here, we studied whether offspring of both sexes were differentially affected by a maternal high-fructose diet (HFD). For this purpose, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed during pregnancy and lactation with a standard diet (SD) or a HFD (50% w/w). After weaning, offspring were fed an SD; 3 days later, dams were sacrificed, and their offspring were sacrificed on postnatal day 90. Body weight (BW), food and water intake (only for dams), and various biomarkers of metabolic syndrome were measured. When compared to the SD-fed dams, HFD-fed dams had a reduction in BW and food and water intake. Conversely, adiposity, liver weight, liver lipids, and plasma levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid were increased in HFD-fed dams. Moreover, the BW, food consumption, weight of retroperitoneal fat pads, and liver lipids increased in female and male offspring of HFD-fed dams. Interestingly, the pups of HFD-fed mothers showed increased levels of leptin and insulin resistance and decreased levels of adiponectin which were more pronounced in male offspring than in female offspring. In contrast, a higher increase in BW was shown earlier in female offspring. Thus, high-fructose consumption by dams during pregnancy and lactation led to sex-specific developmental programming of the metabolic syndrome phenotype in adult offspring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca A Tobar-Bernal
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio R Zamudio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Lucía Quevedo-Corona
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Mechanisms of Beta-Cell Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetes-Prone Situations and Potential Protection by GLP-1-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105303. [PMID: 34069914 PMCID: PMC8157542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia secondary to the decline of functional beta-cells and is usually accompanied by a reduced sensitivity to insulin. Whereas altered beta-cell function plays a key role in T2D onset, a decreased beta-cell mass was also reported to contribute to the pathophysiology of this metabolic disease. The decreased beta-cell mass in T2D is, at least in part, attributed to beta-cell apoptosis that is triggered by diabetogenic situations such as amyloid deposits, lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity. In this review, we discussed the molecular mechanisms involved in pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis under such diabetes-prone situations. Finally, we considered the molecular signaling pathways recruited by glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies to potentially protect beta-cells from death under diabetogenic situations.
Collapse
|
12
|
Chung W, Promrat K, Wands J. Clinical implications, diagnosis, and management of diabetes in patients with chronic liver diseases. World J Hepatol 2020; 12:533-557. [PMID: 33033564 PMCID: PMC7522556 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v12.i9.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) negatively affects the development and progression of chronic liver diseases (CLD) of various etiologies. Concurrent DM and CLD are also associated with worse clinical outcomes with respect to mortality, the occurrence of hepatic decompensation, and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Unfortunately, early diagnosis and optimal treatment of DM can be challenging, due to the lack of established clinical guidelines as well as the medical complexity of this patient population. We conducted an exploratory review of relevant literature to provide an up-to-date review for internists and hepatologists caring for this patient population. We reviewed the epidemiological and pathophysiological associations between DM and CLD, the impact of insulin resistance on the progression and manifestations of CLD, the pathogenesis of hepatogenic diabetes, as well as the practical challenges in diagnosis and monitoring of DM in this patient population. We also reviewed the latest clinical evidence on various pharmacological antihyperglycemic therapies with an emphasis on liver disease-related clinical outcomes. Finally, we proposed an algorithm for managing DM in patients with CLD and discussed the clinical and research questions that remain to be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waihong Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI 02905, United States.
| | - Kittichai Promrat
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI 02908, United States
| | - Jack Wands
- Liver Research Center, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Apaya MK, Kuo TF, Yang MT, Yang G, Hsiao CL, Chang SB, Lin Y, Yang WC. Phytochemicals as modulators of β-cells and immunity for the therapy of type 1 diabetes: Recent discoveries in pharmacological mechanisms and clinical potential. Pharmacol Res 2020; 156:104754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
14
|
Involvement of Metabolic Lipid Mediators in the Regulation of Apoptosis. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030402. [PMID: 32150849 PMCID: PMC7175142 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis is the physiological mechanism of cell death and can be modulated by endogenous and exogenous factors, including stress and metabolic alterations. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as ROS-dependent lipid peroxidation products (including isoprostanes and reactive aldehydes including 4-hydroxynonenal) are proapoptotic factors. These mediators can activate apoptosis via mitochondrial-, receptor-, or ER stress-dependent pathways. Phospholipid metabolism is also an essential regulator of apoptosis, producing the proapoptotic prostaglandins of the PGD and PGJ series, as well as the antiapoptotic prostaglandins of the PGE series, but also 12-HETE and 20-HETE. The effect of endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids on apoptosis depends on cell type-specific differences. Cells where cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) is the dominant cannabinoid receptor, as well as cells with high cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, undergo apoptosis after the administration of cannabinoids. In contrast, in cells where CB2 receptors dominate, and cells with low COX activity, cannabinoids act in a cytoprotective manner. Therefore, cell type-specific differences in the pro- and antiapoptotic effects of lipids and their (oxidative) products might reveal new options for differential bioanalysis between normal, functional, and degenerating or malignant cells, and better integrative biomedical treatments of major stress-associated diseases.
Collapse
|
15
|
Kim HJ, Moon JH, Chung H, Shin JS, Kim B, Kim JM, Kim JS, Yoon IH, Min BH, Kang SJ, Kim YH, Jo K, Choi J, Chae H, Lee WW, Kim S, Park CG. Bioinformatic analysis of peripheral blood RNA-sequencing sensitively detects the cause of late graft loss following overt hyperglycemia in pig-to-nonhuman primate islet xenotransplantation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18835. [PMID: 31827198 PMCID: PMC6906328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55417-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical islet transplantation has recently been a promising treatment option for intractable type 1 diabetes patients. Although early graft loss has been well studied and controlled, the mechanisms of late graft loss largely remains obscure. Since long-term islet graft survival had not been achieved in islet xenotransplantation, it has been impossible to explore the mechanism of late islet graft loss. Fortunately, recent advances where consistent long-term survival (≥6 months) of adult porcine islet grafts was achieved in five independent, diabetic nonhuman primates (NHPs) enabled us to investigate on the late graft loss. Regardless of the conventional immune monitoring methods applied in the post-transplant period, the initiation of late graft loss could rarely be detected before the overt graft loss observed via uncontrolled blood glucose level. Thus, we retrospectively analyzed the gene expression profiles in 2 rhesus monkey recipients using peripheral blood RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data to find out the potential cause(s) of late graft loss. Bioinformatic analyses showed that highly relevant immunological pathways were activated in the animal which experienced late graft failure. Further connectivity analyses revealed that the activation of T cell signaling pathways was the most prominent, suggesting that T cell-mediated graft rejection could be the cause of the late-phase islet loss. Indeed, the porcine islets in the biopsied monkey liver samples were heavily infiltrated with CD3+ T cells. Furthermore, hypothesis test using a computational experiment reinforced our conclusion. Taken together, we suggest that bioinformatics analyses with peripheral blood RNA-seq could unveil the cause of insidious late islet graft loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Je Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology and the Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ji Hwan Moon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, 14260, USA
| | - Hyunwoo Chung
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Seop Shin
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Bongi Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Sik Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hee Yoon
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Hoon Min
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Jun Kang
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hee Kim
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuri Jo
- Department of Computer Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Joungmin Choi
- Division of Computer Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejoon Chae
- Division of Computer Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Woo Lee
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioinformatics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Bioinformatics Institute, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chung-Gyu Park
- Xenotransplantation Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Đorđević M, Grdović N, Mihailović M, Arambašić Jovanović J, Uskoković A, Rajić J, Sinadinović M, Tolić A, Mišić D, Šiler B, Poznanović G, Vidaković M, Dinić S. Centaurium erythraea extract improves survival and functionality of pancreatic beta-cells in diabetes through multiple routes of action. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 242:112043. [PMID: 31252092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Centaurium erythraea Rafn (CE) is used as a traditional medicinal plant in Serbia to treat different ailments due to its antidiabetic, antipyretic, antiflatulent and detoxification effects. AIM OF THE STUDY Elucidation of the mechanisms that underlie the antioxidant and pro-survival effects of the CE extract (CEE) in beta-cells and pancreatic islets from streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS Diabetes was induced in rats by multiple applications of low doses of STZ (40 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.), for five consecutive days). CEE (100 mg/kg) was administered orally, in the pre-treated group for two weeks before diabetes induction, during the treatments with STZ and for four weeks after diabetes onset, and in the post-treatment group for four weeks after diabetes induction. The impact of CEE on diabetic islets was estimated by histological and immunohistochemical examination of the pancreas. Molecular mechanisms of the effects of CEE were also analyzed in insulinoma Rin-5F cells treated with STZ (12 mM) and CEE (0.25 mg/mL). Oxidative stress was evaluated by assessing the levels of DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein S-glutathionylation and enzymatic activities and expression of CAT, MnSOD, CuZnSOD, GPx and GR in beta-cells. The presence and activities of the redox-sensitive and islet-enriched regulatory proteins were also analyzed. RESULTS Treatment with CEE ameliorated the insulin level and glycemic control in STZ-induced diabetic rats by improving the structural and functional properties of pancreatic islets through multiple routes of action. The disturbance of islet morphology and islet cell contents in diabetes was reduced by the CEE treatment and was associated with a protective effect of CEE on the levels of insulin, GLUT-2 and p-Akt in diabetic islets. The antioxidant effect of CEE on STZ-treated beta-cells was displayed as reduced DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein S-glutathionylation and alleviation of STZ-induced disruption in MnSOD, CuZnSOD and CAT enzyme activities. The oxidative stress-induced disturbance of the transcriptional regulation of CAT, MnSOD, CuZnSOD, GPx and GR enzymes in beta-cells was improved after the CEE treatment, and was observed as readjustment of the presence and activities of redox-sensitive NFκB-p65, FOXO3A, Sp1 and Nrf-2 transcription factors. The observed CEE-mediated induction of proliferative and pro-survival pathways and insulin expression/secretion after STZ-induced oxidative stress in beta-cells could be partially attributed to a fine-tuned modulation of the activities of pro-survival Akt, ERK and p38 kinases and islet-enriched Pdx-1 and MafA regulatory factors. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study provide evidence that CEE improves the structural and functional properties of pancreatic beta-cells by correcting the endogenous antioxidant regulatory mechanisms and by promoting proliferative and pro-survival pathways in beta-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miloš Đorđević
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Nevena Grdović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Mirjana Mihailović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jelena Arambašić Jovanović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandra Uskoković
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Jovana Rajić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marija Sinadinović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Anja Tolić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Danijela Mišić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Branislav Šiler
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Goran Poznanović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Melita Vidaković
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Svetlana Dinić
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", University of Belgrade, Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060, Belgrade, Serbia.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hall E, Jönsson J, Ofori JK, Volkov P, Perfilyev A, Dekker Nitert M, Eliasson L, Ling C, Bacos K. Glucolipotoxicity Alters Insulin Secretion via Epigenetic Changes in Human Islets. Diabetes 2019; 68:1965-1974. [PMID: 31420409 DOI: 10.2337/db18-0900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by insufficient insulin secretion and elevated glucose levels, often in combination with high levels of circulating fatty acids. Long-term exposure to high levels of glucose or fatty acids impair insulin secretion in pancreatic islets, which could partly be due to epigenetic alterations. We studied the effects of high concentrations of glucose and palmitate combined for 48 h (glucolipotoxicity) on the transcriptome, the epigenome, and cell function in human islets. Glucolipotoxicity impaired insulin secretion, increased apoptosis, and significantly (false discovery rate <5%) altered the expression of 1,855 genes, including 35 genes previously implicated in T2D by genome-wide association studies (e.g., TCF7L2 and CDKN2B). Additionally, metabolic pathways were enriched for downregulated genes. Of the differentially expressed genes, 1,469 also exhibited altered DNA methylation (e.g., CDK1, FICD, TPX2, and TYMS). A luciferase assay showed that increased methylation of CDK1 directly reduces its transcription in pancreatic β-cells, supporting the idea that DNA methylation underlies altered expression after glucolipotoxicity. Follow-up experiments in clonal β-cells showed that knockdown of FICD and TPX2 alters insulin secretion. Together, our novel data demonstrate that glucolipotoxicity changes the epigenome in human islets, thereby altering gene expression and possibly exacerbating the secretory defect in T2D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elin Hall
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Josefine Jönsson
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jones K Ofori
- Islet Cell Exocytosis Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Petr Volkov
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexander Perfilyev
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marloes Dekker Nitert
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Islet Cell Exocytosis Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Karl Bacos
- Epigenetics and Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Lund University, Scania University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Jesinkey SR, Madiraju AK, Alves TC, Yarborough OH, Cardone RL, Zhao X, Parsaei Y, Nasiri AR, Butrico G, Liu X, Molina AJ, Rountree AM, Neal AS, Wolf DM, Sterpka J, Philbrick WM, Sweet IR, Shirihai OH, Kibbey RG. Mitochondrial GTP Links Nutrient Sensing to β Cell Health, Mitochondrial Morphology, and Insulin Secretion Independent of OxPhos. Cell Rep 2019; 28:759-772.e10. [PMID: 31315053 PMCID: PMC6713209 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms coordinating pancreatic β cell metabolism with insulin secretion are essential for glucose homeostasis. One key mechanism of β cell nutrient sensing uses the mitochondrial GTP (mtGTP) cycle. In this cycle, mtGTP synthesized by succinyl-CoA synthetase (SCS) is hydrolyzed via mitochondrial PEPCK (PEPCK-M) to make phosphoenolpyruvate, a high-energy metabolite that integrates TCA cycling and anaplerosis with glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Several strategies, including xenotopic overexpression of yeast mitochondrial GTP/GDP exchanger (GGC1) and human ATP and GTP-specific SCS isoforms, demonstrated the importance of the mtGTP cycle. These studies confirmed that mtGTP triggers and amplifies normal GSIS and rescues defects in GSIS both in vitro and in vivo. Increased mtGTP synthesis enhanced calcium oscillations during GSIS. mtGTP also augmented mitochondrial mass, increased insulin granule number, and membrane proximity without triggering de-differentiation or metabolic fragility. These data highlight the importance of the mtGTP signal in nutrient sensing, insulin secretion, mitochondrial maintenance, and β cell health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean R Jesinkey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Anila K Madiraju
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Tiago C Alves
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - OrLando H Yarborough
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Rebecca L Cardone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Xiaojian Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Yassmin Parsaei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Ali R Nasiri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Gina Butrico
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Xinran Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Anthony J Molina
- Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Austin M Rountree
- University of Washington Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Adam S Neal
- University of Washington Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Dane M Wolf
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Departments of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Sterpka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - William M Philbrick
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Ian R Sweet
- University of Washington Diabetes Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Orian H Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; Departments of Medicine, Endocrinology, and Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard G Kibbey
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA; Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yousf S, Sardesai DM, Mathew AB, Khandelwal R, Acharya JD, Sharma S, Chugh J. Metabolic signatures suggest o-phosphocholine to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine ratio as a potential biomarker for high-glucose and/or palmitate exposure in pancreatic β-cells. Metabolomics 2019; 15:55. [PMID: 30927092 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1516-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic exposure to high-glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) alone/or in combination; and the resulting gluco-, lipo- and glucolipo-toxic conditions, respectively, have been known to induce dysfunction and apoptosis of β-cells in Diabetes. The molecular mechanisms and the development of biomarkers that can be used to predict similarities and differences behind these conditions would help in easier and earlier diagnosis of Diabetes. OBJECTIVES This study aims to use metabolomics to gain insight into the mechanisms by which β-cells respond to excess-nutrient stress and identify associated biomarkers. METHODS INS-1E cells were cultured in high-glucose, palmitate alone/or in combination for 24 h to mimic gluco-, lipo- and glucolipo-toxic conditions, respectively. Biochemical and cellular experiments were performed to confirm the establishment of these conditions. To gain molecular insights, abundant metabolites were identified and quantified using 1H-NMR. RESULTS No loss of cellular viability was observed in high-glucose while exposure to FFA alone/in combination with high-glucose was associated with increased ROS levels, membrane damage, lipid accumulation, and DNA double-strand breaks. Forty-nine abundant metabolites were identified and quantified using 1H-NMR. Chemometric pair-wise analysis in glucotoxic and lipotoxic conditions, when compared with glucolipotoxic conditions, revealed partial overlap in the dysregulated metabolites; however, the dysregulation was more significant under glucolipotoxic conditions. CONCLUSION The current study compared gluco-, lipo- and glucolipotoxic conditions in parallel and elucidated differences in metabolic pathways that play major roles in Diabetes. o-phosphocholine and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine were identified as common dysregulated metabolites and their ratio was proposed as a potential biomarker for these conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Yousf
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India
| | - Devika M Sardesai
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Abraham B Mathew
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Rashi Khandelwal
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India
| | - Jhankar D Acharya
- Department of Zoology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shilpy Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University (Formerly University of Pune), Pune, Maharashtra, 411007, India.
| | - Jeetender Chugh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, Maharashtra, 411008, India.
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Cerf ME. Cardiac Glucolipotoxicity and Cardiovascular Outcomes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 54:medicina54050070. [PMID: 30344301 PMCID: PMC6262512 DOI: 10.3390/medicina54050070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac insulin signaling can be impaired due to the altered fatty acid metabolism to induce insulin resistance. In diabetes and insulin resistance, the metabolic, structural and ultimately functional alterations in the heart and vasculature culminate in diabetic cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, ischemia and eventually heart failure. Glucolipotoxicity describes the combined, often synergistic, adverse effects of elevated glucose and free fatty acid concentrations on heart structure, function, and survival. The quality of fatty acid shapes the cardiac structure and function, often influencing survival. A healthy fatty acid balance is therefore critical for maintaining cardiac integrity and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlon E Cerf
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Platform, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
- Division of Medical Physiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Laferrère B, Pattou F. Weight-Independent Mechanisms of Glucose Control After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:530. [PMID: 30250454 PMCID: PMC6140402 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass results in large and sustained weight loss and resolution of type 2 diabetes in 60% of cases at 1-2 years. In addition to calorie restriction and weight loss, various gastro-intestinal mediated mechanisms, independent of weight loss, also contribute to glucose control. The anatomical re-arrangement of the small intestine after gastric bypass results in accelerated nutrient transit, enhances the release of post-prandial gut hormones incretins and of insulin, alters the metabolism and the entero-hepatic cycle of bile acids, modifies intestinal glucose uptake and metabolism, and alters the composition and function of the microbiome. The amelioration of beta cell function after gastric bypass in individuals with type 2 diabetes requires enteric stimulation. However, beta cell function in response to intravenous glucose stimulus remains severely impaired, even in individuals in full clinical diabetes remission. The permanent impairment of the beta cell may explain diabetes relapse years after surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blandine Laferrère
- Division of Endocrinology, New York Obesity Nutrition Research Center, Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - François Pattou
- Translational Research on Diabetes, UMR 1190, Inserm, Université Lille, Lille, France
- Endocrine and Metabolic Surgery, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li Z, Liu H, Niu Z, Zhong W, Xue M, Wang J, Yang F, Zhou Y, Zhou Y, Xu T, Hou J. Temporal Proteomic Analysis of Pancreatic β-Cells in Response to Lipotoxicity and Glucolipotoxicity. Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:2119-2131. [PMID: 30082485 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra118.000698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperlipidemia causes the dysfunction of pancreatic β-cells, such as apoptosis and impaired insulin secretion, which are aggravated in the presence of hyperglycemia. The underlying mechanisms, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, oxidative stress and metabolic disorders, have been reported before; however, the time sequence of these molecular events is not fully understood. Here, using isobaric labeling-based mass spectrometry, we investigated the dynamic proteomes of INS-1 cells exposed to high palmitate in the absence and presence of high glucose. Using bioinformatics analysis of differentially expressed proteins, including the time-course expression pattern, protein-protein interaction, gene set enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis, we analyzed the dynamic features of previously reported and newly identified lipotoxicity- and glucolipotoxicity-related molecular events in more detail. Our temporal data highlight cholesterol metabolism occurring at 4 h, earlier than fatty acid metabolism that started at 8 h and likely acting as an early toxic event highly associated with ER stress induced by palmitate. Interestingly, we found that the proliferation of INS-1 cells was significantly increased at 48 h by combined treatment of palmitate and glucose. Moreover, benefit from the time-course quantitative data, we identified and validated two new molecular targets: Setd8 for cell replication and Rhob for apoptosis, demonstrating that our temporal dataset serves as a valuable resource to identify potential candidates for mechanistic studies of lipotoxicity and glucolipotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zonghong Li
- From the ‡National Laboratory of Biomacramolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,§Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- From the ‡National Laboratory of Biomacramolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,‖Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhangjing Niu
- From the ‡National Laboratory of Biomacramolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,‖Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wen Zhong
- ***College of Life Science and Technology, HuaZhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Miaomiao Xue
- From the ‡National Laboratory of Biomacramolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,¶College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jifeng Wang
- ‡‡Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals and Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fuquan Yang
- ‡‡Laboratory of Protein and Peptide Pharmaceuticals and Laboratory of Proteomics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,¶College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- §§ThermoFisher Scientific, Building 6, No. 27, Xin Jinqiao Rd, Pudong, Shanghai, 201206, China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- §Jilin Province Key Laboratory on Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China;
| | - Tao Xu
- From the ‡National Laboratory of Biomacramolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; .,¶College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjie Hou
- From the ‡National Laboratory of Biomacramolecules, CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Identification of Digestive Enzyme Inhibitors from Ludwigia octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:8781352. [PMID: 30105075 PMCID: PMC6076925 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8781352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Current antiobesity and antidiabetic tools have been insufficient to curb these diseases and frequently cause side effects; therefore, new pancreatic lipase and α–glucosidase inhibitors could be excellent aids for the prevention and treatment of these diseases. The aim of this study was to identify, quantify, and characterize the chemical compounds with the highest degree of inhibitory activity of these enzymes, contained in a Ludwigia octovalvis hydroalcoholic extract. Chemical purification was performed by liquid–liquid separation and column chromatography. Inhibitory activities were measured in vitro, employing acarbose, orlistat, and a Camellia sinensis hydroalcoholic extract as references. For structural elucidation, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance was carried out, and High Performance Liquid Chromatography was used to quantify the compounds. For α–glucosidases, L. octovalvis hydroalcoholic extract and its ethyl acetate fraction showed half–maximal Inhibitory Concentration (IC50) values of 700 and 250 μg/mL, for lipase, 480 and 718 μg/mL, while C. sinensis showed 260 and 587 μg/mL. The most active compounds were identified as ethyl gallate (1, IC50 832 μM) and gallic acid (2, IC50 969 μM); both displayed competitive inhibition of α–glucosidases and isoorientin (3, IC50 201 μM), which displayed uncompetitive inhibition of lipase. These data could be useful in the development of a novel phytopharmaceutical drug.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zeng W, Tang J, Li H, Xu H, Lu H, Peng H, Lin C, Gao R, Lin S, Lin K, Liu K, Jiang Y, Weng J, Zeng L. Caveolin-1 deficiency protects pancreatic β cells against palmitate-induced dysfunction and apoptosis. Cell Signal 2018; 47:65-78. [PMID: 29596872 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lipotoxicity leads to insulin secretion deficiency, which is among the important causes for the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, the restoration of β-cell mass and preservation of its endocrine function are long-sought goals in diabetes research. Previous studies have suggested that the membrane protein caveolin-1 (Cav-1) is implicated in β-cell apoptosis and insulin secretion, however, the underlying mechanisms still remains unclear. Our objective is to explore whether Cav-1 depletion protects pancreatic β cells from lipotoxicity and what are the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we found that Cav-1 silencing significantly promoted β-cell proliferation, inhibited palmitate (PA)-induced pancreatic β-cell apoptosis and enhanced insulin production and secretion. These effects were associated with enhanced activities of Akt and ERK1/2, which in turn downregulated the expression of cell cycle inhibitors (FOXO1, GSK3β, P21, P27 and P53) and upregulated the expression of Cyclin D2 and Cyclin D3. Subsequent inhibition of PI3K/Akt and ERK/MAPK pathways abolished Cav-1 depletion induced β-cell mass protection. Furthermore, under PA induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, Cav-1 silencing significantly reduced eIF2α phosphorylation and the expression of ER stress-responsive markers BiP and CHOP, which are among the known sensitizers of lipotoxicity. Our findings suggest Cav-1 as potential target molecule in T2DM treatment via the preservation of lipotoxicity-induced β-cell mass reduction and the attenuation of insulin secretion dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jiansong Tang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Haicheng Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Haixia Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Hongyun Lu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Hangya Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Chuwen Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Rili Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Shuo Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Keyi Lin
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Kunying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jianping Weng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Longyi Zeng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Diabetology, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Effects of moderate exercise on biochemical, morphological, and physiological parameters of the pancreas of female mice with estrogen deprivation and dyslipidemia. Med Mol Morphol 2018; 51:118-127. [PMID: 29335884 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-018-0179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Menopausal women are at high risk of developing heart disease. However, physical exercise practice can reverse this scenario. We evaluated the biochemical, morphological, and physiological effects of moderate aerobic physical exercise on the pancreas of knockout mice for LDL receptor with estrogen deprivation by ovariectomy. Animals were divided into six groups (n = 5): sedentary non-ovariectomized control; sedentary ovariectomized control; trained ovariectomized control; sedentary non-ovariectomized LDL-R knockout; sedentary ovariectomized LDL-R knockout; and trained ovariectomized LDL-R knockout. Physical exercise practice promoted improvement in biometric and biochemical parameters analyzed, with reduction of visceral adipose tissue and VLDL, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and blood glucose levels. In addition, physical exercise practice altered the morphology of pancreatic islets and improved their response to the effects of menopause. Thus, physical exercise practice was fundamental to minimize the effects of dyslipidemia associated with ovariectomy in the pancreatic tissue of LDL-R knockout animals, contributing to reduce the risk of developing cardiac diseases in the menopause period.
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu J, Yagi K, Nohara A, Chujo D, Ohbatake A, Fujimoto A, Miyamoto Y, Kobayashi J, Yamagishi M. High frequency of type 2 diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in Japanese subjects with the angiopoietin-like protein 8 R59W variant. J Clin Lipidol 2017; 12:331-337. [PMID: 29397342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiopoietin-like protein 8 (ANGPTL8) is considered to be metabolically multifunctional. One notable function still to be elucidated definitively is a betatrophic role in protecting and preserving pancreatic beta-cell function. There is, however, a paucity of data regarding the role of ANGPTL8 in the etiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but some findings of human research have suggested the potential for significant involvement. OBJECTIVE To examine the frequency of T2D and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in Japanese subjects with the ANGPTL8 R59W variant. METHODS ANGPTL8 R59W (Rs2278426, c.194C > T) was determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism using the restriction enzyme FokI in 797 consecutive Japanese individuals. Subjects with triglyceride levels greater than or equal to 150 mg/dL were considered to be hypertriglyceridemic. RESULTS Genotype frequencies of ANGPTL8 R59W were as follows: wild-type RR (C/C) 53.5%, RW (C/T) 36.6%, and WW (T/T) 9.9%. T2D and IGT were significantly prevalent in WW and RW subjects relative to RR among all 797 subjects (P = .0138) and also in hypertriglyceridemic subjects (P = .0015). In multiple logistic regression models for the existence of T2D and IGT in hypertriglyceridemic subjects, the odds ratio for heterozygote RW and homozygote WW genotypes to wild-type RR was 2.406 (P = .0017) after controlling the risk factors of age, gender, and body mass index as covariates. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of ANGPTL8 R59W is significantly higher in Japanese subjects than in other ethnic groups. The rates of T2D and IGT were greater in subjects with the R59W variant. These findings indicate that ANGPTL8 is a participant in diabetes and a potential therapeutic target for T2D prevention, especially in East Asians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan.
| | - Kunimasa Yagi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan; First Department of Internal Medicine, Toyama University, Toyama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nohara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Chujo
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Azusa Ohbatake
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Aya Fujimoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yukiko Miyamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Junji Kobayashi
- Department of General Medicine, Kanazawa Medical University, Kahoku, Japan
| | - Masakazu Yamagishi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kanazawa University, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nuñez-Durán E, Chanclón B, Sütt S, Real J, Marschall HU, Wernstedt Asterholm I, Cansby E, Mahlapuu M. Protein kinase STK25 aggravates the severity of non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease in mice. J Endocrinol 2017; 234:15-27. [PMID: 28442507 PMCID: PMC5510597 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Characterising the molecular networks that negatively regulate pancreatic β-cell function is essential for understanding the underlying pathogenesis and developing new treatment strategies for type 2 diabetes. We recently identified serine/threonine protein kinase 25 (STK25) as a critical regulator of ectopic fat storage, meta-inflammation, and fibrosis in liver and skeletal muscle. Here, we assessed the role of STK25 in control of progression of non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease in the context of chronic exposure to dietary lipids in mice. We found that overexpression of STK25 in high-fat-fed transgenic mice aggravated diet-induced lipid storage in the pancreas compared with that of wild-type controls, which was accompanied by exacerbated pancreatic inflammatory cell infiltration, stellate cell activation, fibrosis and apoptosis. Pancreas of Stk25 transgenic mice also displayed a marked decrease in islet β/α-cell ratio and alteration in the islet architecture with an increased presence of α-cells within the islet core, whereas islet size remained similar between genotypes. After a continued challenge with a high-fat diet, lower levels of fasting plasma insulin and C-peptide, and higher levels of plasma leptin, were detected in Stk25 transgenic vs wild-type mice. Furthermore, the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was impaired in high-fat-fed Stk25 transgenic mice during glucose tolerance test, in spite of higher net change in blood glucose concentrations compared with wild-type controls, suggesting islet β-cell dysfunction. In summary, this study unravels a role for STK25 in determining the susceptibility to diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty pancreas disease in mice in connection to obesity. Our findings highlight STK25 as a potential drug target for metabolic disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Nuñez-Durán
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineLundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Belén Chanclón
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineLundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Metabolic PhysiologyInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Silva Sütt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineLundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Joana Real
- Department of Metabolic PhysiologyInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineWallenberg Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Wernstedt Asterholm
- Department of Metabolic PhysiologyInstitute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emmelie Cansby
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineLundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Margit Mahlapuu
- Department of Molecular and Clinical MedicineLundberg Laboratory for Diabetes Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
The Novel Mechanisms Concerning the Inhibitions of Palmitate-Induced Proinflammatory Factor Releases and Endogenous Cellular Stress with Astaxanthin on MIN6 β-Cells. Mar Drugs 2017. [PMID: 28632169 PMCID: PMC5484135 DOI: 10.3390/md15060185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin, an antioxidant agent, can protect pancreatic β-cells of db/db mice from glucotoxicity and resolve chronic inflammation in adipose tissue. Nonetheless, the effects of astaxanthin on free-fatty-acid-induced inflammation and cellular stress in β-cells remain to be demonstrated. Meanwhile, palmitate enhances the secretion of pro-inflammatory adipokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF120). We therefore investigated the influence of astaxanthin on palmitate-stimulated MCP-1 and VEGF120 secretion in mouse insulinoma (MIN6) pancreatic β-cells. Furthermore, whether astaxanthin prevents cellular stress in MIN6 cells was also assessed. Pre-treatment with astaxanthin or with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) which is an antioxidant drug, significantly attenuated the palmitate-induced MCP-1 release through downregulation of phosphorylated c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK) pathways, and suppressed VEGF120 through the PI3K/Akt pathways relative to the cells stimulated with palmitate alone. In addition, palmitate significantly upregulated homologous protein (CHOP) and anti-glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), which are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers, in MIN6 cells. On the other hand, astaxanthin attenuated the increased CHOP content, but further up-regulated palmitate-stimulated GRP78 protein expression. By contrast, NAC had no effects on either CHOP or GRP78 enhancement induced by palmitate in MIN6 cells. In conclusion, astaxanthin diminishes the palmitate-stimulated increase in MCP-1 secretion via the downregulation of JNK pathways in MIN6 cells, and affects VEGF120 secretion through PI3K/Akt pathways. Moreover, astaxanthin can prevent not only oxidative stress caused endogenously by palmitate but also ER stress, which NAC fails to attenuate, via upregulation of GRP78, an ER chaperon.
Collapse
|
29
|
A gene-environment interaction analysis of plasma selenium with prevalent and incident diabetes: The Hortega study. Redox Biol 2017; 12:798-805. [PMID: 28437656 PMCID: PMC5403796 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2017.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Selenium and single-nucleotide-polymorphisms in selenoprotein genes have been associated to diabetes. However, the interaction of selenium with genetic variation in diabetes and oxidative stress-related genes has not been evaluated as a potential determinant of diabetes risk. Methods We evaluated the cross-sectional and prospective associations of plasma selenium concentrations with type 2 diabetes, and the interaction of selenium concentrations with genetic variation in candidate polymorphisms, in a representative sample of 1452 men and women aged 18–85 years from Spain. Results The geometric mean of plasma selenium levels in the study sample was 84.2 µg/L. 120 participants had diabetes at baseline. Among diabetes-free participants who were not lost during the follow-up (N=1234), 75 developed diabetes over time. The multivariable adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for diabetes prevalence comparing the second and third to the first tertiles of plasma selenium levels were 1.80 (1.03, 3.14) and 1.97 (1.14, 3.41), respectively. The corresponding hazard ratios (95% CI) for diabetes incidence were 1.76 (0.96, 3.22) and 1.80 (0.98, 3.31), respectively. In addition, we observed significant interactions between selenium and polymorphisms in PPARGC1A, and in genes encoding mitochondrial proteins, such as BCS1L and SDHA, and suggestive interactions of selenium with other genes related to selenoproteins and redox metabolism. Conclusions Plasma selenium was positively associated with prevalent and incident diabetes. While the statistical interactions of selenium with polymorphisms involved in regulation of redox and insulin signaling pathways provide biological plausibility to the positive associations of selenium with diabetes, further research is needed to elucidate the causal pathways underlying these associations.
Collapse
|
30
|
Asani SC, Umrani RD, Paknikar KM. Differential dose-dependent effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on oxidative stress-mediated pancreatic β-cell death. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2017; 12:745-759. [PMID: 28322605 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZON) on oxidative stress-mediated pancreatic β-cell death. METHODS Cellular uptake of ZON, effects on antioxidant factors and apoptosis were studied. RESULTS ZON get internalized by endocytosis and increase intracellular zinc ion levels. ZON treatment (30 and 100 μg/ml) to RIN5f cells resulted in cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis. ZON (1, 3, 10 μg/ml, subcytotoxic concentrations) increased super oxide dismutase activity and levels of reduced glutathione in RIN5f cells. Furthermore, ZON (subcytotoxic concentrations) protected RIN5f cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress as evidenced by reduced reactive oxygen species levels; increased super oxide dismutase activity and glutathione levels; and reduced apoptotic death. CONCLUSION ZON (subcytotoxic concentrations) protect pancreatic β cells from oxidative-stress-mediated cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Swati C Asani
- Nanobioscience, Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rinku D Umrani
- Nanobioscience, Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kishore M Paknikar
- Nanobioscience, Agharkar Research Institute, G. G. Agarkar Road, Pune 411004, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Phenolic constituents and modulatory effects of Raffia palm leaf ( Raphia hookeri) extract on carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes. J Tradit Complement Med 2017; 7:494-500. [PMID: 29034198 PMCID: PMC5634752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study sought to investigate the effects of Raffia palm (Raphia hookeri) leaf extract on enzymes linked to type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pro-oxidant induced oxidative stress in rat pancreas. The extract was prepared and its α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory effects were determined. Radical [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)] scavenging and Fe2+-chelating abilities, and inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas homogenate were assessed. Furthermore, total phenol and flavonoid contents, reducing property, and high performance liquid chromatography diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) fingerprint of the extract were also determined. Our results revealed that the extract inhibited α-amylase (IC50 = 110.4 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC50 = 99.96 μg/mL) activities in concentration dependent manners which were lower to the effect of acarbose (amylase: IC50 = 18.30 μg/mL; glucosidase: IC50 = 20.31 μg/mL). The extract also scavenged DPPH radical, chelated Fe2+ and inhibited Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in rat pancreas all in concentration dependent manners with IC50 values of 402.9 μg/mL, 108.9 μg/mL and 367.0 μg/mL respectively. The total phenol and flavonoid contents were 39.73 mg GAE/g and 21.88 mg QAE/g respectively, while the reducing property was 25.62 mg AAE/g. The HPLC analysis revealed the presence of chlorogenic acid (4.17 mg/g) and rutin (5.11 mg/g) as the major phenolic compounds in the extract. Therefore, the ability of the extract to inhibit carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes and protect against pancreatic oxidative damage may be an important mechanisms supporting its antidiabetic properties and could make Raffia palm leaf useful in complementary/alternative therapy for management of T2DM. However, further studies such as in vivo should be carried out.
Collapse
|
32
|
Moon JS, Karunakaran U, Elumalai S, Lee IK, Lee HW, Kim YW, Won KC. Metformin prevents glucotoxicity by alleviating oxidative and ER stress-induced CD36 expression in pancreatic beta cells. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:21-30. [PMID: 27662780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM/HYPOTHESIS Cluster determinant 36 (CD36), a fatty acid transporter, was reported to have a pivotal role in glucotoxicity-induced beta cell dysfunction. However, little is known about how glucotoxicity influences CD36 expression, and it is unknown whether this action can be counteracted by metformin. In the present study, we showed that metformin counteracts glucotoxicity by alleviating oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced CD36 expression. METHODS We used primary rat islets as well as INS-1 cells for 72h to 24h with 30mM glucose, respectively. Thapsigargin was used as strong ER stressor, and Sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate (SSO) and RNA interference were chosen for CD36 inhibition. Free fatty acid uptake was measured by radioisotope tracing technique. RESULTS Exposure of isolated rat islets to high glucose (HG) for 3days decreased insulin and pancreatic duodenal homeobox1 (Pdx1) mRNA expression, with the suppression of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) along with elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Incubation with metformin restored insulin and Pdx1 mRNA expression with significant improvements in GSIS and decrease in ROS production. HG exposure in INS-1 cells increased free fatty acid uptake via induction of CD36 along with impaired insulin and Pdx1 mRNA expression. Moreover, thapsigargin also increased the induction of CD36 expression. Metformin blocked HG- and thapsigargin-induced CD36 expression. In addition, the simultaneous inhibition of intracellular ROS production by metformin or CD36 activation by SSO or CD36 siRNA significantly decreased the apoptotic response in HG-treated INS-1 cells. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION In conclusion, metformin conferred protection against HG-induced apoptosis of pancreatic beta cells, largely by interfering with ROS production, and inhibited the CD36-mediated free fatty acid influx. This report provides evidence that the inhibition of CD36 may have potential therapeutic effects against hyperglycemia-induced beta cell damage in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sung Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Udayakumar Karunakaran
- Institute of Medical Science, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Suma Elumalai
- Institute of Medical Science, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu
| | - Hyoung Woo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Chang Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea; Institute of Medical Science, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Fu J, Cui Q, Yang B, Hou Y, Wang H, Xu Y, Wang D, Zhang Q, Pi J. The impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells caused by prolonged glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity is associated with elevated adaptive antioxidant response. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 100:161-167. [PMID: 28027979 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a progressive disease characterized by sustained hyperglycemia and is frequently accompanied by hyperlipidemia. Deterioration of β-cell function in T2D patients may be caused, in part, by long-term exposure to high concentrations of glucose and/or lipids. We developed systems to study how chronic glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity might be linked to the impairment of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) machinery in pancreatic β-cells. INS-1 (832/13) were exposed to glucose and/or palmitate for up to 10 weeks. Chronic high glucose and/or palmitate exposure resulted in impaired GSIS accompanied by a dramatic increase in oxidative stress, as determined by basal intracellular peroxide levels. In addition, the GSIS-associated reactive oxygen species (ROS) signals, assessed as glucose-stimulated peroxide accumulation positively correlated with GSIS in glucose- and/or palmitate-exposed cells, as well as glucose-stimulated reductions in GSH/GSSG ratios. Furthermore, the impairment of GSIS caused by chronic high glucose and/or palmitate exposures were attributed to the induction of adaptive antioxidant response and mitochondrial uncoupling, which negatively regulates glucose-derived ROS generation. Taken together, persistent glucotoxicity- and/or lipotoxicity-mediated oxidative stress and subsequent adaptive antioxidant response impair glucose-derived ROS signaling and GSIS in pancreatic β-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingqi Fu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Qi Cui
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Bei Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Yongyong Hou
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Huihui Wang
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China
| | - Difei Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, 155 Nanjingbei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, PR China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, 201 Dowman Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jingbo Pi
- Program of Environmental Toxicology, School of Public Health, China Medical University No 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110122, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Petropoulou K, Chambers ES, Morrison DJ, Preston T, Godsland IF, Wilde P, Narbad A, Parker R, Salt L, Morris VJ, Domoney C, Persaud SJ, Holmes E, Penson S, Watson J, Stocks M, Buurman M, Luterbacher M, Frost G. Identifying crop variants with high resistant starch content to maintain healthy glucose homeostasis. NUTR BULL 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Petropoulou
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group; Section of Investigative Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - E. S. Chambers
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group; Section of Investigative Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - D. J. Morrison
- Stable Isotope Biochemistry Laboratory; Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - T. Preston
- Stable Isotope Biochemistry Laboratory; Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - I. F. Godsland
- Section of Metabolic Medicine; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism; Faculty of Medicine; Imperial College London; London UK
| | - P. Wilde
- Institute of Food Research; Norwich Research Park; Norwich UK
| | - A. Narbad
- Institute of Food Research; Norwich Research Park; Norwich UK
| | - R. Parker
- Institute of Food Research; Norwich Research Park; Norwich UK
| | - L. Salt
- Institute of Food Research; Norwich Research Park; Norwich UK
| | - V. J. Morris
- Institute of Food Research; Norwich Research Park; Norwich UK
| | - C. Domoney
- Department of Metabolic Biology; John Innes Centre; Norwich Research Park; Norwich UK
| | - S. J. Persaud
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences; King's College London; London UK
| | - E. Holmes
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Computational and Systems Medicine; Imperial College London; London UK
| | | | | | - M. Stocks
- Plant Bioscience Limited; Norwich Research Park; Norwich UK
| | | | - M. Luterbacher
- The Norwich BioScience Institutes; Norwich Research Park Norwich UK
| | - G. Frost
- Nutrition and Dietetic Research Group; Section of Investigative Medicine; Faculty of Medicine; Imperial College London; London UK
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Trivedi PC, Bartlett JJ, Perez LJ, Brunt KR, Legare JF, Hassan A, Kienesberger PC, Pulinilkunnil T. Glucolipotoxicity diminishes cardiomyocyte TFEB and inhibits lysosomal autophagy during obesity and diabetes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1861:1893-1910. [PMID: 27620487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Impaired cardiac metabolism in the obese and diabetic heart leads to glucolipotoxicity and ensuing cardiomyopathy. Glucolipotoxicity causes cardiomyocyte injury by increasing energy insufficiency, impairing proteasomal-mediated protein degradation and inducing apoptosis. Proteasome-evading proteins are degraded by autophagy in the lysosome, whose metabolism and function are regulated by master regulator transcription factor EB (TFEB). Limited studies have examined the impact of glucolipotoxicity on intra-lysosomal signaling proteins and their regulators. By utilizing a mouse model of diet-induced obesity, type-1 diabetes (Akita) and ex-vivo model of glucolipotoxicity (H9C2 cells and NRCM, neonatal rat cardiomyocyte), we examined whether glucolipotoxicity negatively targets TFEB and lysosomal proteins to dysregulate autophagy and cause cardiac injury. Despite differential effects of obesity and diabetes on LC3B-II, expression of proteins facilitating autophagosomal clearance such as TFEB, LAMP-2A, Hsc70 and Hsp90 were decreased in the obese and diabetic heart. In-vivo data was recapitulated in H9C2 and NRCM cells, which exhibited impaired autophagic flux and reduced TFEB content when exposed to a glucolipotoxic milieu. Notably, overloading myocytes with a saturated fatty acid (palmitate) but not an unsaturated fatty acid (oleate) depleted cellular TFEB and suppressed autophagy, suggesting a fatty acid specific regulation of TFEB and autophagy in the cardiomyocyte. The effect of glucolipotoxicity to reduce TFEB content was also confirmed in heart tissue from patients with Class-I obesity. Therefore, during glucolipotoxicity, suppression of lysosomal autophagy was associated with reduced lysosomal content, decreased cathepsin-B activity and diminished cellular TFEB content likely rendering myocytes susceptible to cardiac injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Purvi C Trivedi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jordan J Bartlett
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Lester J Perez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Keith R Brunt
- Deparment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jean Francois Legare
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Ansar Hassan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Petra C Kienesberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Thomas Pulinilkunnil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Dalhousie Medicine New Brunswick, 100 Tucker Park Road, Saint John E2L4L5, New Brunswick, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Anoop S, Misra A, Mani K, Pandey RM, Gulati S. Diabetes risk prediction model for non-obese Asian Indians residing in North India using cut-off values for pancreatic and intra-abdominal fat volume and liver span. J Diabetes 2016; 8:729-31. [PMID: 26992160 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shajith Anoop
- Centre of Nutrition & Metabolic Research, National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India
- Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India
| | - Anoop Misra
- Centre of Nutrition & Metabolic Research, National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India
- Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India
- Fortis C-DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India
- Fortis Flt. Lt. Rajan Dhall Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalaivani Mani
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravindra Mohan Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Gulati
- Centre of Nutrition & Metabolic Research, National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India
- Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu C, Ke X, Wang Y, Feng X, Li Q, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Li Q. The level of netrin-1 is decreased in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. BMC Endocr Disord 2016; 16:33. [PMID: 27255377 PMCID: PMC4890509 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-016-0112-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction resulting from inflammation has been recognized to contribute to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Netrin-1 is a new indicator of subclinical inflammation and it has a role in β-cell apoptosis. This study evaluated the level of netrin-1 in newly diagnosed T2DM patients and explored whether netrin-1 is a reliable marker or a key factor in the development of T2DM. METHODS Netrin-1 level was determined using a commercially available human enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used as an index to measure insulin resistance. The sample consisted of 30 patients with newly diagnosed T2DM who had a glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level ranging from 7.5 % (58 mmol/mol) to 10.5 % (91 mmol/mol). The control group consisted of 26 healthy individuals matched for age and body mass index. RESULTS The netrin-1 level of T2DM patients was significantly lower than that of healthy controls (p < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that the level of netrin-1 was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR, fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, fasting insulin and HbA1c. CONCLUSIONS Plasma netrin-1 levels were decreased in patients with newly diagnosed T2DM, and the levels of netrin-1 were negatively associated with IR and glucose homeostasis. Future studies on the precise mechanism will offer new insights into the prevention and treatment of T2DM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiao Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, China
| | - Xianjin Ke
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, China
| | - Xiu Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, China
| | - Jian Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Qinhuai District, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Cheng Y, Shen J, Ren W, Hao H, Xie Z, Liu J, Mu Y, Han W. Mild hyperglycemia triggered islet function recovery in streptozotocin-induced insulin-deficient diabetic rats. J Diabetes Investig 2016; 8:44-55. [PMID: 27184687 PMCID: PMC5217940 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.12540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Moderate elevation of glucose level has been shown to effectively promote β‐cell replication in various models in vitro and in normal rodents. Here, we aimed to test the effect of moderately elevated glucose on β‐cell mass expansion and islet function recovery in diabetic animal models. Materials and Methods A single high dose of streptozotocin was given to induce insulin‐deficient diabetes in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Then, 48 h after streptozotocin injection, newly diabetic rats were randomly divided into three groups: (i) no treatment to maintain hyperglycemia; (ii) daily exogenous long‐acting human insulin analog injection that maintained mild hyperglycemia (15 mmol/L < blood glucose < 18 mmol/L); (iii) daily exogenous long‐acting human insulin analog injection to restore normoglycemia (blood glucose <8 mmol/L) as a control. Islet function, β‐cell regeneration and β‐cell replication were monitored during the entire analysis period. Results A single high dose of streptozotocin induced massive loss of β‐cells, resulting in irreversible hyperglycemia. Mild hyperglycemia markedly promoted β‐cell proliferation, leading to robust β‐cell regeneration. Importantly, rats that maintained mild hyperglycemia showed nearly normal glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion, glucose disposal and random blood glucose levels, suggesting almost full restoration of the islet function. Normalization of blood glucose levels profoundly blunted β‐cell replication, regeneration and islet function recovery observed in mild hyperglycemia. Conclusions Our research provides a feasible approach to stimulate in situ β‐cell regeneration in diabetic rats, offering new perspectives for diabetes therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA 309 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | | | - Haojie Hao
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zongyan Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiejie Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Mu
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weidong Han
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medicine, School of Life Science, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yoon JS, Moon JS, Kim YW, Won KC, Lee HW. The Glucotoxicity Protecting Effect of Ezetimibe in Pancreatic Beta Cells via Inhibition of CD36. J Korean Med Sci 2016; 31:547-52. [PMID: 27051238 PMCID: PMC4810337 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2016.31.4.547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of CD36, a fatty acid transporter, has been reported to prevent glucotoxicity and ameliorate high glucose induced beta cell dysfunction. Ezetimibe is a selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor that blocks Niemann Pick C1-like 1 protein, but may exert its effect through suppression of CD36. We attempted to clarify the beneficial effect of ezetimibe on insulin secreting cells and to determine whether this effect is related to change of CD36 expression. mRNA expression of insulin and CD36, intracellular peroxide level and glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) under normal (5.6 mM) or high glucose (30 mM) condition in INS-1 cells and primary rat islet cells were compared. Changes of the aforementioned factors with treatment with ezetimibe (20 μM) under normal or high glucose condition were also assessed. mRNA expression of insulin was decreased with high glucose, which was reversed by ezetimibe in both INS-1 cells and primary rat islets. CD36 mRNA expression was increased with high glucose, but decreased by ezetimibe in INS-1 cells and primary rat islets. Three-day treatment with high glucose resulted in an increase in intracellular peroxide level; however, it was decreased by treatment with ezetimibe. Decrease in GSIS by three-day treatment with high glucose was reversed by ezetimibe. Palmitate uptake following exposure to high glucose conditions for three days was significantly elevated, which was reversed by ezetimibe in INS-1 cells. Ezetimibe may prevent glucotoxicity in pancreatic β-cells through a decrease in fatty acid influx via inhibition of CD36.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji Sung Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jun Sung Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong-Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyu Chang Won
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyoung Woo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Abdulreda MH, Rodriguez-Diaz R, Caicedo A, Berggren PO. Liraglutide Compromises Pancreatic β Cell Function in a Humanized Mouse Model. Cell Metab 2016; 23:541-6. [PMID: 26876561 PMCID: PMC4785083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Incretin mimetics are frequently used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes because they potentiate β cell response to glucose. Clinical evidence showing short-term benefits of such therapeutics (e.g., liraglutide) is abundant; however, there have been several recent reports of unexpected complications in association with incretin mimetic therapy. Importantly, clinical evidence on the potential effects of such agents on the β cell and islet function during long-term, multiyear use remains lacking. We now show that prolonged daily liraglutide treatment of >200 days in humanized mice, transplanted with human pancreatic islets in the anterior chamber of the eye, is associated with compromised release of human insulin and deranged overall glucose homeostasis. These findings raise concern about the chronic potentiation of β cell function through incretin mimetic therapy in diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Midhat H Abdulreda
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Rayner Rodriguez-Diaz
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Per-Olof Berggren
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1450 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL 33136, USA; The Rolf Luft Research Center for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital L1, Stockholm SE-17176, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
DiNicolantonio JJ, Bhutani J, O'Keefe JH. Acarbose: safe and effective for lowering postprandial hyperglycaemia and improving cardiovascular outcomes. Open Heart 2015; 2:e000327. [PMID: 26512331 PMCID: PMC4620230 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2015-000327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
α-Glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are a class of oral glucose-lowering drugs used exclusively for treatment or prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus. AGIs act by altering the intestinal absorption of carbohydrates through inhibition of their conversion into simple sugars (monosaccharides) and thus decrease the bioavailability of carbohydrates in the body, significantly lowering blood glucose levels. The three AGIs used in clinical practice are acarbose, voglibose and miglitol. This review will focus on the cardiovascular properties of acarbose. The current available data suggest that AGIs (particularly acarbose) may be safe and effective for the treatment of prediabetes and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - James H O'Keefe
- Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute , Kansas City, Missouri , USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Misra A, Anoop S, Gulati S, Mani K, Bhatt SP, Pandey RM. Body Fat Patterning, Hepatic Fat and Pancreatic Volume of Non-Obese Asian Indians with Type 2 Diabetes in North India: A Case-Control Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140447. [PMID: 26474415 PMCID: PMC4608569 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate body fat patterning and phenotype including hepatic fat and pancreatic volume of non-obese (BMI: < 25 kg/m2) Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes residing in North India. Methods Non-obese patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 93) and non-obese, normo-glycemic subjects (n = 40) were recruited. BMI, waist & hip circumferences, skinfold thickness at 8 sites, body fat, lean mass and detailed abdominal fat evaluation [total abdominal fat, total subcutaneous fat (superficial, deep, anterior, and posterior), total intra-abdominal fat (intra-peritoneal, retroperitoneal)], liver span, grades of fatty liver and pancreatic volume were compared. Results Waist circumference, subscapular skinfolds and total truncal fat (on DEXA) were higher whereas calf, total peripheral skinfolds and total leg fat (on DEXA) lower in patients. Specifically, the following volumes were higher in cases as compared to controls; total abdominal fat (19.4%), total intra-abdominal fat (49.7%), intra-peritoneal fat (47.7%), retroperitoneal fat (70.7%), pancreatic volume (26.6%), pancreatic volume index (21.3%) and liver span (10.8%). In cases, significant positive correlations were observed for pancreatic volume with BMI, waist and hip circumferences, W-HR, subscapular, abdominal and total truncal skinfolds, truncal, total subcutaneous, total intra-abdominal, intra-peritoneal, retroperitoneal fat depots, liver span and fatty liver. Conclusions In non-obese Asian Indians with type 2 diabetes, subcutaneous and intra-abdominal obesity, including fatty liver, and pancreatic volume were higher and peripheral subcutaneous adiposity was lower than BMI matched non-diabetic subjects. Importantly, increased pancreatic volume in patients was highly correlated with multiple measures of abdominal obesity and liver fat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anoop Misra
- Centre of Nutrition & Metabolic Research (C-NET), National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), SDA, New Delhi, India
- Diabetes Foundation (India), SDA, New Delhi, India
- Fortis C-DOC Centre of Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, Chirag Enclave, Nehru place, New Delhi, India
- Fortis Flt. Lt. Rajan Dhall Hospital, Vasant Kunj, New Delhi, India
- * E-mail:
| | - Shajith Anoop
- Centre of Nutrition & Metabolic Research (C-NET), National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), SDA, New Delhi, India
- Diabetes Foundation (India), SDA, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Gulati
- Centre of Nutrition & Metabolic Research (C-NET), National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), SDA, New Delhi, India
- Diabetes Foundation (India), SDA, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalaivani Mani
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Surya Prakash Bhatt
- Centre of Nutrition & Metabolic Research (C-NET), National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), SDA, New Delhi, India
- Diabetes Foundation (India), SDA, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravindra Mohan Pandey
- Department of Biostatistics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Karunakaran U, Moon JS, Lee HW, Won KC. CD36 initiated signaling mediates ceramide-induced TXNIP expression in pancreatic beta-cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2414-22. [PMID: 26297980 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Diverse mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of β-cell failure in type 2 diabetes. Of them, the accumulation of ceramide, a bioactive lipid metabolite, is suggested to play a major role in inflammatory and stress responses that induce diabetes. However, the downstream inflammatory target of ceramide has not been defined. Using rat islets and the INS-1 β-cell line, we hypothesized that activation of the redox sensitive protein TXNIP is involved in ceramide-induced β-cell dysfunction. Incubation of INS-1 cells and primary islets with C2-ceramide (N-acetyl-sphingosine) downregulated insulin and PDX-1 expression and increased β-cell apoptosis. Ceramide treatment induced a time dependent increase in TXNIP gene expression accompanied by activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and reduced mitochondrial thioredoxin (TRX) activity. Pretreatment with sulfo-N-succinimidyl oleate (SSO), an irreversible inhibitor of the scavenger receptor CD36, blocked ceramide-induced up-regulation of TXNIP expression and activity of NF-κB. Blockade of NF-κB nuclear translocation by the peptide SN50 prevented ceramide-mediated TXNIP induction. Furthermore, SSO also attenuated ceramide-induced early loss of insulin signaling and apoptosis. Collectively, our results unveil a novel role of CD36 in early molecular events leading to NF-κB activation and TXNIP expression. These data suggest that CD36 dependent NF-κB-TXNIP signaling contributes to the ceramide-induced pathogenesis of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and failure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udayakumar Karunakaran
- Institute of Medical Science, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jun Sung Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyoung Woo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kyu Chang Won
- Institute of Medical Science, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Huang C, Yuan L, Cao S. Endogenous GLP-1 as a key self-defense molecule against lipotoxicity in pancreatic islets. Int J Mol Med 2015; 36:173-85. [PMID: 25976560 PMCID: PMC4494597 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2015.2207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of pro-α cells is known to increase in response to β cell injury and these cells then generate glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), thus attenuating the development of diabetes. The aim of the present study was to further examine the role and the mechanisms responsible for intra-islet GLP-1 production as a self-protective response against lipotoxicity. The levels of the key enzyme, prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3), as well as the synthesis and release of GLP-1 in models of lipotoxicity were measured. Furthermore, islet viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress and inflammation, as well as islet structure were assessed after altering GLP-1 receptor signaling. Both prolonged exposure to palmitate and a high-fat diet facilitated PC1/3 expression, as well as the synthesis and release of GLP-1 induced by β cell injury and the generation of pro-α cells. Prolonged exposure to palmitate increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and the antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), partially prevented the detrimental effects induced by palmitate on β cells, resulting in decreased GLP-1 levels. Furthermore, the inhibition of GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) signaling by treatment with exendin‑(9-39) further decreased cell viability, increased cell apoptosis and caused a stronger inhibition of the β cell-specific transcription factor, pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1). Moreover, treatment with the GLP-1R agonist, liraglutide, normalized islet structure and function, resulting in a decrease in cell death and in the amelioration of β cell marker expression. Importantly, liraglutide maintained the oxidative balance and decreased inflammatory factor and p65 expression. Overall, our data demonstrate that an increase in the number of pro-α cells and the activation of the intra-islet GLP-1 system comprise a self-defense mechanism for enhancing β cell survival to combat lipid overload, which is in part mediated by oxidative stress and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenghu Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| | - Shuyi Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430022, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gao L, Tang W, Ding Z, Wang D, Qi X, Wu H, Guo J. Protein-Binding Function of RNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Promotes Proliferation through TRAF2/RIP1/NF-κB/c-Myc Pathway in Pancreatic β cells. Mol Med 2015; 21:154-66. [PMID: 25715336 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), an intracellular pathogen recognition receptor, is involved both in insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and in downregulation of pancreatic β-cell function in a kinase-dependent manner, indicating PKR as a core component in the progression of type 2 diabetes. PKR also acts as an adaptor protein via its protein-binding domain. Here, the PKR protein-binding function promoted β-cell proliferation without its kinase activity, which is associated with enhanced physical interaction with tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and TRAF6. In addition, the transcription of the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell (NF-κB)-dependent survival gene c-Myc was upregulated significantly and is necessary for proliferation. Upregulation of the PKR protein-binding function induced the NF-κB pathway, as observed by dose-dependent degradation of IκBα, induced nuclear translocation of p65 and elevated NF-κB-dependent reporter gene expression. NF-κB-dependent reporter activity and β-cell proliferation both were suppressed by TRAF2-siRNA, but not by TRAF6-siRNA. TRAF2-siRNA blocked the ubiquitination of receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 1 (RIP1) induced by PKR protein binding. Furthermore, RIP1-siRNA inhibited β-cell proliferation. Proinflammatory cytokines (TNFα) and glucolipitoxicity also promoted the physical interaction of PKR with TRAF2. Collectively, these data indicate a pivotal role for PKR's protein-binding function on the proliferation of pancreatic β cells through TRAF2/RIP1/NF-κB/c-Myc pathways. Therapeutic opportunities for type 2 diabetes may arise when its kinase catalytic function, but not its protein-binding function, is downregulated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lili Gao
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Jiangyin Hospital of Southeast University Medical College, Jiangyin, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhengZheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - DingYu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoQiang Qi
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - HuiWen Wu
- Laboratory Center for Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Guo
- Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
McCarty MF, DiNicolantonio JJ. Acarbose, lente carbohydrate, and prebiotics promote metabolic health and longevity by stimulating intestinal production of GLP-1. Open Heart 2015; 2:e000205. [PMID: 25685364 PMCID: PMC4316590 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2014-000205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose, which slows carbohydrate digestion and blunts postprandial rises in plasma glucose, has long been used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes or glucose intolerance. Like metformin, acarbose tends to aid weight control, postpone onset of diabetes and decrease risk for cardiovascular events. Acarbose treatment can favourably affect blood pressure, serum lipids, platelet aggregation, progression of carotid intima-media thickness and postprandial endothelial dysfunction. In mice, lifetime acarbose feeding can increase median and maximal lifespan-an effect associated with increased plasma levels of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and decreased levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). There is growing reason to suspect that an upregulation of fasting and postprandial production of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-stemming from increased delivery of carbohydrate to L cells in the distal intestinal tract-is largely responsible for the versatile health protection conferred by acarbose. Indeed, GLP-1 exerts protective effects on vascular endothelium, the liver, the heart, pancreatic β cells, and the brain which can rationalise many of the benefits reported with acarbose. And GLP-1 may act on the liver to modulate its production of FGF21 and IGF-I, thereby promoting longevity. The benefits of acarbose are likely mimicked by diets featuring slowly-digested 'lente' carbohydrate, and by certain nutraceuticals which can slow carbohydrate absorption. Prebiotics that promote colonic generation of short-chain fatty acids represent an alternative strategy for boosting intestinal GLP-1 production. The health benefits of all these measures presumably would be potentiated by concurrent use of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors, which slow the proteolysis of GLP-1 in the blood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - James J DiNicolantonio
- Mid America Heart Institute, St. Luke's Hospital , Kansas City, Missouri , USA ; Wegmans Pharmacy , Ithaca, New York , USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Wehinger S, Ortiz R, Díaz MI, Aguirre A, Valenzuela M, Llanos P, Mc Master C, Leyton L, Quest AFG. Phosphorylation of caveolin-1 on tyrosine-14 induced by ROS enhances palmitate-induced death of beta-pancreatic cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:693-708. [PMID: 25572853 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A considerable body of evidence exists implicating high levels of free saturated fatty acids in beta pancreatic cell death, although the molecular mechanisms and the signaling pathways involved have not been clearly defined. The membrane protein caveolin-1 has long been implicated in cell death, either by sensitizing to or directly inducing apoptosis and it is normally expressed in beta cells. Here, we tested whether the presence of caveolin-1 modulates free fatty acid-induced beta cell death by reexpressing this protein in MIN6 murine beta cells lacking caveolin-1. Incubation of MIN6 with palmitate, but not oleate, induced apoptotic cell death that was enhanced by the presence of caveolin-1. Moreover, palmitate induced de novo ceramide synthesis, loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation in MIN6 cells. ROS generation promoted caveolin-1 phosphorylation on tyrosine-14 that was abrogated by the anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine or the incubation with the Src-family kinase inhibitor, PP2 (4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7(dimethylethyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine). The expression of a non-phosphorylatable caveolin-1 tyrosine-14 to phenylalanine mutant failed to enhance palmitate-induced apoptosis while for MIN6 cells expressing the phospho-mimetic tyrosine-14 to glutamic acid mutant caveolin-1 palmitate sensitivity was comparable to that observed for MIN6 cells expressing wild type caveolin-1. Thus, caveolin-1 expression promotes palmitate-induced ROS-dependent apoptosis in MIN6 cells in a manner requiring Src family kinase mediated tyrosine-14 phosphorylation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Wehinger
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile; Research Program of Interdisciplinary Excellence in Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Universidad de Talca, 3465548 Talca, Chile
| | - Rina Ortiz
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - María Inés Díaz
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Adam Aguirre
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Manuel Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Paola Llanos
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Christopher Mc Master
- Departament of Pediatrics, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Atlantic Research Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Lisette Leyton
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Andrew F G Quest
- Laboratory of Cellular Communication, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell (CEMC), Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Guadarrama-López AL, Valdés-Ramos R, Martínez-Carrillo BE. Type 2 diabetes, PUFAs, and vitamin D: their relation to inflammation. J Immunol Res 2014; 2014:860703. [PMID: 24741627 PMCID: PMC3987931 DOI: 10.1155/2014/860703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases have become one of the most important public health problems, due to their high costs for treatment and prevention. Until now, researchers have considered that the etiology of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is multifactorial. Recently, the study of the innate immune system has offered an explanation model of the pathogenesis of T2DM. On the other hand, there is evidence about the beneficial effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) n-3 and n-6 in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases including diabetes. Furthermore, high vitamin D plasmatic concentrations have been associated with the best performance of pancreatic β cells and the improving of this disease. In conclusion, certain fatty acids in the adequate proportion as well as 25-hydroxivitamin D can modulate the inflammatory response in diabetic people, modifying the evolution of this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Guadarrama-López
- Center for Research and Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Paseo Tollocan Esquina, Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz Toluca, 50180 México, MEX, Mexico
| | - Roxana Valdés-Ramos
- Center for Research and Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Paseo Tollocan Esquina, Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz Toluca, 50180 México, MEX, Mexico
| | - Beatríz E. Martínez-Carrillo
- Center for Research and Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Paseo Tollocan Esquina, Jesús Carranza, Col. Moderna de la Cruz Toluca, 50180 México, MEX, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Ma Y, Wang Y, Huang Q, Ren Q, Chen S, Zhang A, Zhao L, Zhen Q, Peng Y. Impaired β cell function in Chinese newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus with hyperlipidemia. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:493039. [PMID: 24829924 PMCID: PMC4009333 DOI: 10.1155/2014/493039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective is to explore the effects of hyperlipidemia on β cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). 208 patients were enrolled in the study and were divided into newly diagnosed T2DM with hyperlipidemia (132 patients) and without hyperlipidemia (76 patients). Demographic data, glucose levels, insulin levels, lipid profiles, homeostasis model assessment for β cell function index (HOMA-β ), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) were compared between the two groups. We found that comparing with those of normal lipid levels, the subjects of newly diagnosed T2DM with hyperlipidemia were younger, and had declined HOMA-β . However, the levels of HOMA-β were comparable regardless of different lipid profiles (combined hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia). Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis showed that high fasting plasma glucose (FPG), decreased fasting insulin level (FINS), and high triglyceride (TG) were independent risk factors of β cell dysfunction in newly diagnosed T2DM. Therefore, the management of dyslipidemia, together with glucose control, may be beneficial for T2DM with hyperlipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yufan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
- *Yufan Wang:
| | - Qianfang Huang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Qian Ren
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Su Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Aifang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Qin Zhen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yongde Peng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhou L, Cai X, Han X, Ji L. P38 plays an important role in glucolipotoxicity-induced apoptosis in INS-1 cells. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:834528. [PMID: 24734256 PMCID: PMC3964802 DOI: 10.1155/2014/834528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The mechanism underlying the regulation of glucolipotoxicity-induced apoptosis by MAPKs was examined in INS-1 cells. METHODS The rat insulinoma cell line INS-1 was cotreated with glucose (30 mM) and palmitic acid (0.2 mM) (GLU+PA). Apoptosis was assessed by cell morphology and detection of PARP cleavage. The activation of MAPKs was examined by Western blotting using specific antibodies against the phosphorylated forms of JNK, ERK1/2, and P38. RESULTS (1) Live cell imaging studies showed that treatment with GLU+PA for 72 h induced significant cell death, concomitant with PARP-1 cleavage and caspase-3 activation, which peaked at 96 h of treatment. (2) Western blot analysis of the activation of MAPKs during GLU+PA-induced INS-1 cell apoptosis showed that phosphorylation of P38 increased gradually and reached a peak at 96 h, which coincided with PARP-1 cleavage. A transient increase of ERK activation was followed by a rapid decline at 96 h, whereas JNK phosphorylation status remained unchanged in response to GLU+PA. (3) Phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-2 at 48 h of treatment triggered its degradation, which coincided with P38 activation. (4) Inhibition of P38, but not JNK or ERK, blocked GLU+PA-induced INS-1 cell apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS P38 may be involved in the regulation of glucolipotoxicity-induced apoptosis through the phosphorylation of IRS-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingli Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaoling Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xueyao Han
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Linong Ji
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
- *Linong Ji:
| |
Collapse
|