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Pupulin ÁRT, Bracht L, de Oliveira Dalalio MM, de Souza Silva-Comar FM, da Rocha BA, Ames FQ, Cuman RKN, Bersani-Amado CA. Canova medication changes TNF-α and IL-10 serum levels in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi Y strain. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:860-865. [PMID: 27633299 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify whether Canova medication changes TNF-α and IL-10 serum levels in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi Y strain. METHODS Animals were divided into five groups: non-treated infected animals (I); benznidazole-treated infected animals (Bz; 100 mg/kg body weight, single daily dose by gavage); Canova medication (CM) treated infected animals (CM; 0.2 mL/animal, single daily dose by gavage); benznidazole- and Canova medication-treated infected animals with the above-mentioned dose (Bz+CM); and non-infected animals (C). TNF-α and IL-10 levels were determined in serum aliquots after 4, 7, 10, 13, and 29 days of infection. An ELISA technique was employed with R&D System Inc. antibody pairs. RESULTS A high increase in TNF-α and IL-10 levels occurred in the infected and CM-treated groups within the treatment employed on the 10th day after infection, coupled with a IL-10 decrease on the 13th day after infection when compared with the other experimental groups. CONCLUSIONS CM may change the balance between plasma cytokine levels (TNF-α and IL-10) in mice infected with Y strain T. cruzi, with important consequences leading towards a more severe infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áurea Regina Telles Pupulin
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Basic Sciences of Health, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Lívia Bracht
- Laboratory of Hepatic Metabolism, Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruno Ambrósio da Rocha
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Franciele Queiroz Ames
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Roberto Kenji Nakamura Cuman
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutic, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Calitz C, Gouws C, Viljoen J, Steenekamp J, Wiesner L, Abay E, Hamman J. Herb-Drug Pharmacokinetic Interactions: Transport and Metabolism of Indinavir in the Presence of Selected Herbal Products. Molecules 2015; 20:22113-27. [PMID: 26690396 PMCID: PMC6332259 DOI: 10.3390/molecules201219838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients receiving anti-retroviral drug treatment are sometimes simultaneously taking herbal remedies, which may result in pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions. This study aimed to determine if pharmacokinetic interactions exist between selected commercially available herbal products (i.e., Linctagon Forte(®), Viral Choice(®) and Canova(®)) and indinavir in terms of in vitro transport and metabolism. Bi-directional transport of indinavir was evaluated across Caco-2 cell monolayers in the presence and absence of the selected herbal products and verapamil (positive control). Metabolism of indinavir was determined in LS180 cells in the presence and absence of the selected herbal products as well as ketoconazole (positive control). The secretory transport of indinavir increased in a concentration dependent way in the presence of Linctagon Forte(®) and Viral Choice(®) when compared to that of indinavir alone. Canova(®) only slightly affected the efflux of indinavir compared to that of the control group. There was a pronounced inhibition of the metabolism of indinavir in LS180 cells over the entire concentration range for all the herbal products investigated in this study. These in vitro pharmacokinetic interactions indicate the selected herbal products may affect indinavir's bioavailability, but the clinical significance needs to be confirmed with in vivo studies before final conclusions can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlemi Calitz
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Chrisna Gouws
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Joe Viljoen
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Jan Steenekamp
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
| | - Lubbe Wiesner
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa.
| | - Efrem Abay
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, South Africa.
| | - Josias Hamman
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa.
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Cesar B, Abud APR, de Oliveira CC, Cardoso F, Bernardi RPD, Guimarães FSF, Gabardo J, de Freitas Buchi D. Treatment with at homeopathic complex medication modulates mononuclear bone marrow cell differentiation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2011; 2011:212459. [PMID: 19736221 PMCID: PMC3095418 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nep119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2008] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A homeopathic complex medication (HCM), with immunomodulatory properties, is recommended for patients with depressed immune systems. Previous studies demonstrated that the medication induces an increase in leukocyte number. The bone marrow microenvironment is composed of growth factors, stromal cells, an extracellular matrix and progenitor cells that differentiate into mature blood cells. Mice were our biological model used in this research. We now report in vivo immunophenotyping of total bone marrow cells and ex vivo effects of the medication on mononuclear cell differentiation at different times. Cells were examined by light microscopy and cytokine levels were measured in vitro. After in vivo treatment with HCM, a pool of cells from the new marrow microenvironment was analyzed by flow cytometry to detect any trend in cell alteration. The results showed decreases, mainly, in CD11b and TER-119 markers compared with controls. Mononuclear cells were used to analyze the effects of ex vivo HCM treatment and the number of cells showing ring nuclei, niche cells and activated macrophages increased in culture, even in the absence of macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Cytokines favoring stromal cell survival and differentiation in culture were induced in vitro. Thus, we observe that HCM is immunomodulatory, either alone or in association with other products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Cesar
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula R. Abud
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Carolina C. de Oliveira
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Raffaello Popa Di Bernardi
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernando S. F. Guimarães
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Juarez Gabardo
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Dorly de Freitas Buchi
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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Canova medication modifies parasitological parameters in mice infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Exp Parasitol 2010; 126:435-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2010.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2009] [Revised: 03/21/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Guimarães FSF, Abud APR, Oliveira SM, Oliveira CC, César B, Andrade LF, Donatti L, Gabardo J, Trindade ES, Buchi DF. Stimulation of lymphocyte anti-melanoma activity by co-cultured macrophages activated by complex homeopathic medication. BMC Cancer 2009; 9:293. [PMID: 19698142 PMCID: PMC2749867 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-9-293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma is the most aggressive form of skin cancer, and the most rapidly expanding cancer in terms of worldwide incidence. Chemotherapeutic approaches to treat melanoma have been uniformly disappointing. A Brazilian complex homeopathic medication (CHM), used as an immune modulator, has been recommended for patients with depressed immune systems. Previous studies in mice have demonstrated that the CHM activates macrophages, induces an increase in the number of leukocytes and improves the murine response against Sarcoma-180. Methods Here we studied the interaction of mouse lymph node lymphocytes, co-cultured in vitro with macrophages in the presence or absence of the CHM, with B16F10 melanoma cells. Results Lymphocytes co-cultured with macrophages in the presence of the CHM had greater anti-melanoma activity, reducing melanoma cell density and increasing the number of lysed tumor cells. There was also a higher proportion of activated (CD25+) lymphocytes with increased viability. Overall, lymphocytes activated by treatment destroyed growing cancer cells more effectively than control lymphocytes. Conclusion Co-culture of macrophages with lymphocytes in the presence of the CHM enhanced the anti-cancer performance of lymphocytes against a very aggressive lineage of melanoma cells. These results suggest that non-toxic therapies using CHMs are a promising alternative approach to the treatment of melanomas. In addition, they are attractive combination-therapy candidates, which may enhance the efficacy of conventional medicines by improving the immune response against tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando S F Guimarães
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Células Inflamatórias e Neoplásicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba - PR, Brazil.
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de Oliveira CC, de Oliveira SM, Goes VM, Probst CM, Krieger MA, Buchi DDF. Gene expression profiling of macrophages following mice treatment with an immunomodulator medication. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:1364-77. [PMID: 18286468 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Canova (CA) is a complex homeopathic medication used in diseases where the immune system is depressed. Previous studies demonstrated that it is neither toxic nor mutagenic and activates macrophages. We now evaluate CA effects on cytokine production and gene expression from mice macrophages. The global view of changes in expression of genes with known functions can provide a vivid picture of the way in which cell adapts to a changing environment or a challenge. We found a decrease in IL-2 and IL-4 production and a differential expression in 147 genes from CA group. These genes are mainly involved in transcription/translation, cell structure and dynamics, immune response, cytoprotection, enzymatic process, and receptors/ligands. With gene expression analysis we state that this medication provokes a reaction that involves alterations in gene expression profile mainly in the ones involved with macrophages activation, corroborating the laboratorial research and the clinical data.
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