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Sinha S, Tarini S, Panchal B, Mishra DK. Subconjunctival Dirofilaria masquerading as nodular scleritis. BMJ Case Rep 2024; 17:e259519. [PMID: 38782433 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2023-259519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A man in his late 50s presented with a gradually enlarging, painless, reddish mass on the white portion of his left eye for 2 weeks. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes. Slit-lamp examination showed a congested, nodular, elevated lesion on the temporal bulbar conjunctiva with two pustule-like elevations. Anterior segment optical coherence tomography showed a subconjunctival solid mass rather than an abscess or a cyst. Scleral deroofing was performed and a long thread-like object resembling a dead worm was identified. The worm was removed intact, and its histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of Dirofilaria Peripheral blood smear did not show any microfilariae. No recurrences or new lesions were observed during the follow-up examinations at 1 and 5 months post-surgery. This case highlights the importance of considering a parasitic aetiology in cases of nodular or infectious scleritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Sinha
- Academy for Eye Care Education, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shilpa Tarini
- Shantilal Shanghvi Cornea Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Bhavik Panchal
- Vitreoretina and Uveitis Service, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Dilip K Mishra
- Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
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Shaikh Z, Kar P, Mohanty S, Dey M, Samal DK. Ocular dirofilariasis: A report from Odisha. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 45:100388. [PMID: 37573051 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.100388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of ocular dirofilariasis in a 68-year-old man manifesting as pre-septal abscess with gradually increasing swelling of the left eyelid and near complete ptosis of eye. A live worm was seen wriggling in the lesion while the abscess was being drained and was extracted carefully. Subsequently, it was identified as an adult female Dirofilaria repens worm. The lid edema and swelling resolved and the patient was discharged without any residual complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid Shaikh
- Department of ENT, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odisha, India.
| | - Punyatoya Kar
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odisha, India.
| | - Srujana Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odisha, India.
| | - Monalisa Dey
- Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odisha, India.
| | - Dillip Kumar Samal
- Department of ENT, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, 751019, Odisha, India.
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Kamath YS, Thomas L, Sarpangala S, Simha R, Khanna V, Kudva R. Dirofilariasis presenting as scleritis: A report of two cases. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 68:1969. [PMID: 32823440 PMCID: PMC7690519 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_697_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yogish Subraya Kamath
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College-Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Linya Thomas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College-Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shailaja Sarpangala
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College-Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Rohit Simha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kasturba Medical College-Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vinay Khanna
- Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College-Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Ranjini Kudva
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College-Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Pattnaik M, Tripathy D, Mittal R. Subconjunctival Dirofilariasis Mimicking Infectious Scleritis. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2021; 58:136. [PMID: 34038275 DOI: 10.3928/01913913-20201221-03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Mani A, Khan M, Kumar VP. Subcutaneous dirofilariasis of the eyelid. Med J Armed Forces India 2019; 75:112-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
PURPOSE Human dirofilariasis is a helminthic infestation caused by filarial nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria. We report two cases of subconjunctival dirofilariasis in adult Chinese patients. CASE REPORTS Case 1: A 57-year-old woman presented to us with 1-day history of left eye redness and migratory foreign body sensation. Physical examination showed a temporal subconjunctival motile mass in her left eye. Immediate surgical exploration showed a live nonpigmented roundworm measuring 120 mm in length with morphology compatible with Dirofilaria. It was later identified to be Dirofilaria repens by sequence analysis. Case 2: A 69-year-old woman presented with left eye redness and foreign body sensation for 2 weeks. She was treated elsewhere initially with topical antibiotics without any improvement. On slitlamp examination, a mobile subconjunctival mass was noted. Immediate surgical removal was performed under local anesthesia, revealing a live 50-mm-long worm. It was identified as Dirofilaria hongkongensis. Both patients had normal systemic workup results and remained symptom-free after surgical removal of the nematode. Clinical findings, diagnosis, pathogenesis, and management are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Ophthalmic dirofilariasis is a rare condition. Clinicians should be aware of this disease entity so that prompt diagnosis and treatment could be offered to the patients.
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Agrawal S, Agrawal R, Shastri J. Ocular Dirofilariasis: A Rare case from Mumbai, India. J Clin Diagn Res 2017; 11:DD09-DD10. [PMID: 28764165 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2017/26058.10085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dirofilariasis is a worldwide zoonotic filariasis. Human dirofilariasis is a zoonotic infection most commonly caused by Dirofilariarepens. Dirofilariasis, caused by Dirofilaria repens, has been reported to occur widely throughout Asia, Europe, and Africa. It has not been widely recognized in India; however, several cases have been reported in the last few years. Ease and frequency of international travel has probably contributed to the increase in the number of cases. There is probably a focus of human infection with D. repens in Kerala, India. We report a case of ocular dirofilariasis, from the Western part of India. Among the Indian case reports of human dirofilariasis caused by D. repens, majority had ocular infections and few had subcutaneous involvement of the face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachee Agrawal
- Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, B.Y.L. Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Agrawal
- Consultant Ophthalmologist, Rahul Eye Clinic, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayanthi Shastri
- Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, B.Y.L. Nair Charitable Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Pauly M, Biswas J, Hussain RN, Anantharaman G. Periocular dirofilariasis mimicking lacrimal sac mucocoele. Orbit 2013; 32:324-6. [PMID: 23895409 DOI: 10.3109/01676830.2013.814684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Dirofilariasis is a zoonotic infection caused by filarial nematodes belonging to the genus dirofilariae. Dirofilaria is commonly seen in dogs, cats and other carnivorous animals world wide. Mosquitoes of the genus Culex, Anopheles and Aedes are the vectors and the humans are either incidental hosts or dead-end hosts. It affects lungs, liver and other visceral organs. Ocular involvement is rarely been reported. We present a case of 51-year-old female from Kerala, the southern State of India presented with a mass mimicking lacrimal sac mucocoele whose biopsy is proved to be dirofilariasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Pauly
- Giridhar Eye Institute, Kadavanthra , Kochi-682020, Kerala , India and
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Kini RG, Leena JB, Shetty P, Lyngdoh RH, Sumanth D, George L. Human dirofilariasis: an emerging zoonosis in India. J Parasit Dis 2013; 39:349-54. [PMID: 26064035 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-013-0348-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dirofilariasis is an uncommon zoonotic infection having a widespread geographical distribution. World over 800 cases of Dirofilaria are on record with highest numbers from Italy, Sri Lanka and republics of the ex-Soviet Union. Dirofilaria repens belongs to the subgenus Nochtiella and is the most common species identified in India. Topographically, the orbital/periorbital regions are the most common regions involved by Dirofilaria. We present a brief review of cases from India including two received in our own institute. This review focuses on the epidemiology of the disease including its geographical distribution and the probable causation of the recent increase in its incidence in Indian subcontinent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reshma G Kini
- Department of Pathology, Father Muller Medical College, Kanakanady, Mangalore, 575002 Karnataka India
| | - J B Leena
- Department of Pathology, Father Muller Medical College, Kanakanady, Mangalore, 575002 Karnataka India
| | - Prathvi Shetty
- Department of Surgery, Father Muller Medical College, Kanakanady, Mangalore, 575002 Karnataka India
| | - Raphael Hart Lyngdoh
- Department of Pathology, Father Muller Medical College, Kanakanady, Mangalore, 575002 Karnataka India
| | - D Sumanth
- Department of Pathology, Father Muller Medical College, Kanakanady, Mangalore, 575002 Karnataka India
| | - Lovely George
- Department of Pathology, Father Muller Medical College, Kanakanady, Mangalore, 575002 Karnataka India
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