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Janmeda P, Jain D, Chaudhary P, Meena M, Singh D. A systematic review on multipotent carcinogenic agent, N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), its major risk assessment, and precautions. J Appl Toxicol 2024; 44:1108-1128. [PMID: 38212177 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The International Agency for Research on Cancer has classified N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA) as a possible carcinogen and mutagenic substances, placing it in category 2A of compounds that are probably harmful to humans. It is found in nature and tobacco smoke, along with its precursors, and is also synthesized endogenously in the human body. The oral or parenteral administration of a minimal quantity of NDEA results in severe liver and kidney organ damage. The NDEA required bioactivation by CYP450 enzyme to form DNA adduct in the alkylation mechanism. Thus, this bioactivation directs oxidative stress and injury to cells due to the higher formation of reactive oxygen species and alters antioxidant system in tissues, whereas free radical scavengers guard the membranes from NDEA-directed injury in many enzymes. This might be one of the reasons in the etiology of cancer that is not limited to a certain target organ but can affect various organs and organ systems. Although there are various possible approaches for the treatment of NDEA-induced cancer, their therapeutic outcomes are still very dismal. However, several precautions were considered to be taken during handling or working with NDEA, as it considered being the best way to lower down the occurrence of NDEA-directed cancers. The present review was designed to enlighten the general guidelines for working with NDEA, possible mechanism, to alter the antioxidant line to cause malignancy in different parts of animal body along with its protective agents. Thus, revelation to constant, unpredictable stress situations even in common life may remarkably augment the toxic potential through the rise in the oxidative stress and damage of DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pracheta Janmeda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan, India
| | - Divya Jain
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan, India
| | - Priya Chaudhary
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Tonk, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mukesh Meena
- Laboratory of Phytopathology and Microbial Biotechnology, Department of Botany, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Devendra Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Chang SS, Huang HT, Wei WC, Lo IW, Lin YC, Chao CH, Liao GY, Shen YC, Chen JJ, Li TL, Lin LT, Tai CJ, Kuo YH, Liaw CC. Anti-inflammatory effect of euphane- and tirucallane-type triterpenes isolated from the traditional herb Euphorbia neriifolia L. Front Chem 2023; 11:1223335. [PMID: 37426336 PMCID: PMC10326319 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1223335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Euphorbiaceae plant Euphorbia neriifolia L. is distributed widely in India, Thailand, Southeastern China, and Taiwan and used as a carminative and expectorant to treat several inflammation-related diseases, such as gonorrhoea, asthma, and cancer. In the course of our search for potential anti-inflammatory agents from the titled plant, 11 triterpenes from the stem of E. neriifolia were isolated and reported in our previous endeavor. Given its rich abundance in triterpenoids, the ethanolic extract in this follow-up exploration has led to the isolation of additional eight triterpenes, including six new euphanes-neritriterpenols H and J-N (1 and 3-7)-one new tirucallane, neritriterpenol I (2), and a known compound, 11-oxo-kansenonol (8). Their chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data, including 1D- and 2D NMR, and HRESIMS spectra. The absolute stereochemistry of neritriterpenols was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, ICD spectra, and DP4+ NMR data calculations. Compounds 1-8 were also evaluated for their anti-inflammatory activity by using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated IL-6 and TNF-α on RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Intriguingly, the euphane-type triterpenes (1 and 3-8) showed an inhibitory effect on LPS-induced IL-6 but not on TNF-α, while tirucallane-type triterpene 2 showed strong inhibition on both IL-6 and TNF-α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen S. Chang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Tse Huang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Wei
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Lo
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hua Chao
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Geng-You Liao
- Institute of Physiology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Chiang Shen
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Jung Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Lin Li
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Tzung Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Jei Tai
- Ph.D. Program in Clinical Drug Development of Herbal Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Haur Kuo
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Liaw
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Hassanen EI, Korany RMS, Bakeer AM. Cisplatin-conjugated gold nanoparticles-based drug delivery system for targeting hepatic tumors. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 35:e22722. [PMID: 33484050 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a highly cytotoxic anticarcinogenic drug used to treat several kinds of solid tumors such as liver tumors. With the increase in the incidences associated with hepatic tumors and a lack of selectivity of cisplatin to cancer cells, it is important to explore new therapeutic strategies against them. The present study was designed to verify the ability of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) to improve the hepatotherapeutic effect of cisplatin against DENA-induced hepatic tumors and to declare its ability to reduce the renal toxicity induced by cisplatin. Forty male Wistar rats were divided into two groups (n = 20): Group (A)-negative control and group (B)-model of hepatocellular tumor induction. After 4 months, each group was subdivided into four subgroups as the following: Group (1) received normal saline, Group (2) was treated by cisplatin, Group (3) was treated by GNPs, Group (4) was treated by GNPs-cisplatin conjugates. Our results revealed a marked elevation in liver and kidney function tests and oxidant levels with a reduction in antioxidant levels in the DENA-administrated group. Remarkable histopathological alterations in the liver and kidney tissue sections were observed and confirmed by the overexpression of the immunohistochemical staining of placental glutathione S-transferase, Hep Par 1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Noticeable improvements in all the measurable toxicological parameters were recorded in the group treated with either GNPs or GNPs-cisplatin conjugate not observed in the group treated with cisplatin. We can conclude that GNPs not only improve the distribution of cisplatin, targeting it to the site of tumors, but it also reduces the renal toxicity induced by cisplatin, which are the primary concerns in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adel M Bakeer
- Department of Pathology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Euphorbia neriifolia L.: Review on botany, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017. [PMID: 28647179 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review is intended to provide information on botany, ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of various parts of Euphorbia neriifolia (E. neriifolia). E. neriifolia has several ethnomedicinal uses. The latex of E. neriifolia is used as laxative, purgative, rubefacient, carminative and expectorant as well as in treatment of whooping cough, gonorrhoea, leprosy, asthma, dyspepsia, jaundice, enlargement of the spleen, tumours, stone in the bladder, abdominal troubles and leucoderma. Leaves are brittle, heating, carminative, and good for improving the appetite and treatment of tumours, pains, inflammations, abdominal swellings and bronchial infections. Roots are used as symptomatic treatment of snake bite, scorpion sting and antispasmodic. Various plant parts or whole E. neriifolia extract and its isolates have been reported scientifically using various in-vivo and in-vitro experimental methods for anaesthetic, analgesic, anti-anxiety, anti-convulsant, anti-psychotic, anti-arthritis, anti-carcinogenic, antidiabetic, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiulcer, cytotoxic, death-receptor expression enhancing, dermal irritation, diuretic, haemolytic, immunomodulatory, radioprotective, scorpion venom and wound healing properties. It is reported to have chemical constituents like, neriifolin-S, neriifolin, neriifoliene, euphol, neriifolione, cycloartenol, nerifoliol, lectin, euphonerins A-G, 3-O-acetyl-8-O-tigloylingol, taraxerol, antiquorin, etc. Identified chemical constituents are still required to be explored for their advanced isolation techniques and biological activities.
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Awodele O, Adeneye AA, Aiyeola SA, Benebo AS. Modulatory effect of Mangifera indica against carbon tetrachloride induced kidney damage in rats. Interdiscip Toxicol 2016; 8:175-83. [PMID: 27486379 PMCID: PMC4961916 DOI: 10.1515/intox-2015-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little scientific evidence on the local use of Mangifera indica in kidney diseases. This study investigated the reno-modulatory roles of the aqueous stem bark extract of Mangifera indica (MIASE) against CCl4-induced renal damage. Rats were treated intragastrically with 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg/day MIASE for 7 days before and after the administration of CCl4 (3 ml/kg of 30% CCl4, i.p.). Serum levels of electrolytes (Na+, K+, Cl(-), HCO3(-)), urea and creatinine were determined. Renal tissue reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide (SOD) activities were also assessed. The histopathological changes in kidneys were determined using standard methods. In CCl4 treated rats the results showed significant (p<0.05) increases in serum Na+, K+, Cl(-), urea and creatinine. CCl4 also caused significant (p<0.05) decreases in renal tissue SOD, CAT and GSH and significant (p<0.05) increases in MDA. The oral MIASE treatment (125-500 mg/kg) was found to significantly (p<0.05) attenuate the increase in serum electrolytes, urea and creatinine. Similarly, MIASE significantly (p<0.05) attenuated the decrease in SOD, CAT and GSH levels and correspondingly attenuated increases in MDA. Mangifera indica may present a great prospect for drug development in the management of kidney disease with lipid peroxidation as its etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunsho Awodele
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Suruiere, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Adejuwon Adewale Adeneye
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja G.R.A., Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Sheriff Aboyade Aiyeola
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Idi-Araba, Suruiere, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Adokiye Senibo Benebo
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Lagos State University College of Medicine, Ikeja G.R.A., Lagos State, Nigeria
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Sharma V, Janmeda P. Protective Assessment of Euphorbia neriifolia and its Isolated Flavonoid Against N-nitrosodiethylamine-induced Hepatic Carcinogenesis in Male Mice: A Histopathological Analysis. Toxicol Int 2014; 21:37-43. [PMID: 24748733 PMCID: PMC3989913 DOI: 10.4103/0971-6580.128790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study was to examine the impacts of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DENA), a potent environment carcinogen on liver tissue of mice which was attenuated by isolated flavonoid and hydro-ethanolic extract of Euphorbia neriifolia (HEEN) leaves. Materials and Methods: Carcinogenicity was induced in albino mice by a single oral administration of DENA (50 mg/kg body weight). The HEEN (150 and 400 mg/kg body weight), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA; 0.5 and 1%) and E. neriifolia flavonoid (ENF; 50 mg/kg body weight) were estimated to examine the possible anti-cancer potential. Results: DENA exposed animals showed alterations in normal hepatic histo-architecture, which comprised of necrosis (N), dilated sinusoids and vacuolization of the cells. Mice treated with E. neriifolia lower (ENL) and higher (ENH) dose and ENF before intoxicated with DENA showed that the liver cells were normal, with very little necrosis (Day 31). On the other hand, BHA higher (BHAH) and lower (BHAL) dose failed to diminish the abnormalities caused by the DENA. Conclusion: Results of the present study suggests that the ENH and ENF protects the hepatic tissue against DENA-induced hepatic carcinoma. The results could also be expressed in the order of ENH> ENF> ENL> BHAH> BHAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Sharma
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pracheta Janmeda
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Banasthali, Rajasthan, India
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