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Agarwal S, Mishra L, Singh NR, Behera R, Kumar M, Nagaraja R, Sokolowski K, Lapinska B. Effect of Different Irrigating Solutions on Root Canal Dentin Microhardness-A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. J Funct Biomater 2024; 15:132. [PMID: 38786643 PMCID: PMC11121888 DOI: 10.3390/jfb15050132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigating solutions as well as their combination and activation modes on root canal dentin microhardness. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO and PRISMA guidelines were followed. The structured question was as follows: "Which type of irrigating solution used in endodontic treatment causes more change in dentin microhardness?" The literature was screened via PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science Direct. The last search was carried out in February 2023 with English language restriction. Two reviewers independently performed screening and evaluation of articles. A total of 470 articles were retrieved from all the databases, whereas only 114 articles were selected for full-text analysis. After applying eligibility criteria, 44 studies were evaluated and included in this review. The results showed that with increased contact time with irrigants, dentin microhardness decreases. Increased contact time with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) was associated with more reduction in dentin microhardness compared with other irrigants. Other irrigants, with the exception of distilled water, including EDTA, citric acid, herbal irrigants, glycolic acid, phytic acid, etc., in this study significantly decreased dentin microhardness. The maximum reduction in dentin microhardness was seen with 2.5% NaOCl after 15 min of contact time. The use of irrigating solutions alters the chemical composition of dentin, thereby decreasing its microhardness, which affects the clinical performance of endodontically treated teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunidhi Agarwal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India; (S.A.); (N.R.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Lora Mishra
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India; (S.A.); (N.R.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Naomi Ranjan Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India; (S.A.); (N.R.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Rini Behera
- Department of Conservative Dentistry & Endodontics, Institute of Dental Sciences, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India; (S.A.); (N.R.S.); (R.B.)
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India;
| | - Ravishankar Nagaraja
- Department of Biostatistics, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi 110021, India;
| | - Krzysztof Sokolowski
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Barbara Lapinska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
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Shi L, Wan J, Yang Y, Yao Y, Yang R, Xie W. Evolution of the combined effect of different irrigation solutions and activation techniques on the removal of smear layer and dentin microhardness in oval-shaped root canal: An in-vitro study. BIOMOLECULES AND BIOMEDICINE 2023; 23:126-136. [PMID: 35880401 PMCID: PMC9901903 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2022.7440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of three final irrigants, namely QMix, MTAD and EDTA, combined with three irrigation techniques, namely conventional needle irrigation (CNI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS), on smear layer removal, dentin mineral content and microhardness in oval-shaped canals. 130 decoronated premolars with single, oval root canals were equally divided into1 blank control group and 12 treatment groups (n=10) according to the final irrigation protocols. Roots in treatment groups were instrumented with ProTaper Gold to size F4 and subjected to final irrigation. Smear layer removal was assessed by using a four-level scoring system under an environmental scanning electron microscope. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was performed to measure the dentin mineral content. Dentin microhardness was measured by Knoop microhardness testing. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by using Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's post hoc test with Bonferroni correction. PUI- and PIPS-activated QMix and EDTA removed smear layer more effectively than MTAD groups (p<0.05). Regarding the dentin mineral content and microhardness, QMix groups yielded the least calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and Ca/P ratio, followed by EDTA groups and MTAD groups (p<0.05). QMix groups produced significantly lower dentin microhardness values and higher hardness reduction percentages than MTAD groups (p<0.05). Within the limitations of the present study, it was concluded that QMix and EDTA were superior to MTAD in smear layer removal, especially when activated by PUI and PIPS, but these agents produced more pronounced effect on dentin mineral content and microhardness than MTAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Shi
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence to Lu Shi:
| | - Jie Wan
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Yang
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruiming Yang
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Xie
- Department of Endodontics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, People’s Republic of China
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Shalavi S, Mohammadi Z. An Overview on a Promising Root Canal Irrigation Solution: QMix. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2021; 16:71-77. [PMID: 36704215 PMCID: PMC9709901 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v16i2.27912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Due to the complex micro-anatomy of the root canal system, mechanical instrumentation leaves significant portions of the root canal walls untouched; therefore, complete elimination of bacteria from the root canal by cleaning with instrumentation alone is unlikely. It has long been postulated but not demonstrated, that any pulp tissue left in the root canals can serve as bacterial/fungal/viral (microorganism nutrients) nutrients. Furthermore, tissue remnants also impede the antimicrobial effects of root canal irrigants and medicaments and prevent intimate adaptation of the root canal filling to the dentin. Therefore, specific irrigation/disinfection procedures are necessary to remove tissue from the root canals and to kill microorganisms, respectively. The purpose of this paper was to review different aspects of a promising root canal irrigant; QMix. This is a relatively new root canal irrigant composed of traditional materials like chlorhexidine (CHX), ethylele diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), saline and a detergent. QMix is antibacterial, antifungal and has antibiofilm activities, it displays substantivity, smear layer removing ability; moreover, its effect on dentin and retention of fiber posts etc. has been reviewed. There have been strong reports that show the chemical design of QMix prevents precipitation of CHX when together with EDTA and mixing with sodium hypochlorite does not produce the orange-brown precipitate. Furthermore, the smear layer removal ability of QMix is comparable to that of 17% EDTA and the antibacterial activity of QMix was greater than 1% and 2% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and 2% CHX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahed Mohammadi
- Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Corresponding author: Zahed Mohammadi, Iranian Center for Endodontic Research, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zinge PR, Saraf PA, Ratnakar P, Karan S, Saraf SP, Hazari P. Assessment of effect of 1% phytic acid and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid on calcium ion loss of radicular dentin: An ex vivo study. J Conserv Dent 2020; 23:137-140. [PMID: 33384484 PMCID: PMC7720757 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_111_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of phytic acid and ethylendiamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) in the removal of calcium ion from radicular dentin during endodontic procedure. Materials and Methods Twenty-five single-rooted mandibular premolar teeth were decoronated, and the roots were split longitudinally into two halves. Among obtained specimens, 45 specimens were randomly selected and divided into three groups (n = 15): Group 1 - distilled water, Group 2 - 17% EDTA, and Group 3 - 1% phytic acid. Samples in each group were immersed in the test solutions for specific time intervals, after which the same solution samples were subjected for the evaluation of amount of calcium ion release into the solution by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance test. Results The use of 17% EDTA resulted in more calcium ion loss as compared to 1% phytic acid and distilled water. Conclusion One percent phytic acid seems to be an appropriate irrigating solution because of its less demineralizing effect as compared to 17% EDTA on radicular dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka R Zinge
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Tatyasaheb Kore Dental College and Research Center, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prahlad A Saraf
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, India
| | - P Ratnakar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, HKE'S SN Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Gulbarga, Karnataka, India
| | - Smita Karan
- Department of Periodontics, Shaadan Institute of Medical Sciences, Hydrabad, Telangana, India
| | - Suma P Saraf
- Department of Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery PMNM Dental College and Hospital, Bagalkot, Karnataka, Karnataka, India
| | - Prachi Hazari
- Department of Pedodontics & Preventive Dentistry Nanded Rural Dental College & Research Center, Nanded, Maharashtra, India
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Dotto L, Sarkis Onofre R, Bacchi A, Rocha Pereira GK. Effect of Root Canal Irrigants on the Mechanical Properties of Endodontically Treated Teeth: A Scoping Review. J Endod 2020; 46:596-604.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Keine KC, Kuga MC, Coaguila-Llerena H, Palma-Dibb RG, Faria G. Peracetic acid as a single endodontic irrigant: effects on microhardness, roughness and erosion of root canal dentin. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 83:375-380. [PMID: 31833180 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to assess the effects of 1% peracetic acid (PAA) as a single endodontic irrigant on microhardness, roughness, and erosion of root canal dentin, compared with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and with 2.5% NaOCl combined with 17% EDTA. Forty human, single-rooted tooth hemisections were submitted to Knoop microhardness test, before and after the following irrigation protocols: PAA = 1% PAA; NaOCl = 2.5% NaOCl; NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl = 2.5% NaOCl +17% EDTA +2.5% NaOCl; and SS = saline. Another 40 roots were instrumented, irrigated with the same protocols, and sectioned longitudinally. The roughness analysis was performed on the mesial section using a confocal laser scanning microscope, whereas erosion was analyzed on each third of the distal section, using a scanning electron microscope. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey post-tests, and Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn post-tests (α = .05). The PAA and NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl groups showed no significant differences (p > .05); both promoted reduction in microhardness and increase in roughness, compared with the NaOCl and SS groups (p < .05). NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl promoted higher erosion in the cervical and middle thirds than the other groups (p < .05); there was no difference among PAA, NaOCl, and SS (p > .05). There was also no difference among the groups regarding the apical third (p > .05). PAA used as a single endodontic irrigant caused reduction in root canal dentin microhardness and increase in roughness in a similar way to NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl; however, PAA caused less erosion than NaOCl-EDTA-NaOCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia C Keine
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Milton C Kuga
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hernán Coaguila-Llerena
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina G Palma-Dibb
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, São Paulo University - USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Faria
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Nogo‐Živanović D, Kanjevac T, Bjelović L, Ristić V, Tanasković I. The effect of final irrigation with MTAD, QMix, and EDTA on smear layer removal and mineral content of root canal dentin. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:923-930. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dajana Nogo‐Živanović
- Department for Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of East Sarajevo Foca Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Tatjana Kanjevac
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Kragujevac Kragujevac Serbia
| | - Ljiljana Bjelović
- Department for Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of East Sarajevo Foca Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Vladimir Ristić
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Kragujevac Kragujevac Serbia
| | - Irena Tanasković
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of Kragujevac Kragujevac Serbia
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Grando CP, Martinez EF, Fontana CE, Pedro Rocha DG, Pessoa Stringheta C, da Silveira Bueno CE. Effectiveness of Sodium Hypochlorite plus EDTA Compared with Peracetic Acid in Removing Smear Layer and Killing Enterococcus faecalis. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2019; 14:56-62. [PMID: 36879593 PMCID: PMC9984824 DOI: 10.22037/iej.v14i1.22190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of 2.5% sodium hypochlorite associated with 17% Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (NaOCl-EDTA), versus that of 1% peracetic acid (PA), in removing the smear layer, as assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and in exerting bactericidal action against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis ) , as assessed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). Methods and Materials Fifty-five extracted mandibular single-rooted premolars were selected, and divided into two experimental groups (NaOCl-EDTA and PA; n=25) and one control group (0.9% saline; n=5). Pre- and post-instrumentation samples were collected and assessed for the presence of E. faecalis using real-time PCR. The teeth were instrumented using hand files and the ProTaper Universal system (hybrid technique) for a standardized time of 7 min. A total of 20 mL of NaOCl followed by 5 mL of EDTA were applied during instrumentation in the NaOCl-EDTA group, whereas 20 mL of PA and 20 mL of saline were applied in the PA and control groups, respectively. An additional 5 mL of saline was applied in all the groups to neutralize the environment. A scoring system was used to conduct the SEM assessment. The results were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test, complemented by Dunn's test (SEM analysis) (P<0.05). Results A significant microbial reduction was observed in both the PA and the NaOCl-EDTA groups (P<0.05). In the PA group, the presence of a smear layer in the apical third was significantly greater than in the cervical third (P<0.05); no significant differences were observed between the middle and cervical thirds, or between the middle and apical thirds (P>0.05). In the NaOCl-EDTA group, the smear layer scores were significantly higher in the apical third than in the cervical and middle thirds (P<0.05). Conclusion This in vitro study showed that there was no significant difference between PA and NaOCl-EDTA irrigation regimens regarding either antimicrobial action against E. faecalis or removal of the smear layer, except for greater removal in the middle third by the NaOCl-EDTA group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carlos Eduardo Fontana
- Department of Endodontics, Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Verma D, Taneja S, Kumari M. Efficacy of different irrigation regimes on the push-out bond strength of various resin-based sealers at different root levels: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2018; 21:125-129. [PMID: 29674811 PMCID: PMC5890399 DOI: 10.4103/jcd.jcd_337_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: This study aims to evaluate and compare the efficacy of various irrigation regimens on push-out bond strength of AH Plus/gutta-percha, Real Seal/Resilon, and MetaSeal/gutta-percha at three different root levels. Materials and Methods: Single-rooted mandibular premolars (n = 120) were prepared and divided into four groups (n = 30) based on irrigation regimen used: I: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)-17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); II: 5.25% NaOCl-2.25% Peracetic acid (PAA); III: 5.25% NaOCl-18% 1-hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-bisphosphonate (HEBP) (Etidronic Acid); and IV: Distilled Water. Each group was further divided into three subgroups (n = 10); A: AH Plus/gutta-percha; B: MetaSEAL/gutta-percha; C: RealSeal/Resilon. After obturation, roots were sectioned at 3 levels and push-out tests were performed. One-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey-honestly significant difference tests were applied to assess the significance among various groups. Results: Among irrigants, 2.25% PAA showed significantly lower values when compared with rest of the irrigants. There was no significant difference found among EDTA and HEBP. The push-out bond strength of AH Plus was significantly higher among all sealers. The bond strength values were significantly decreased in apico-coronal direction. Conclusions: There was superior efficacy of EDTA and HEBP on the bond strength of AH Plus at apical root level when compared with other irrigants and sealers at various root levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Verma
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, ITS Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonali Taneja
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, ITS Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manju Kumari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, ITS Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Jiayi W, Ruijie H. [Research progress on QMix properties in root canal irrigation]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2017; 35:543-548. [PMID: 29188654 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical instrumentation preparation alone is insufficient to completely remove root canal infection, and chemical irrigation is essential to eliminate infected remnants. An ideal root canal irrigant should completely remove the smear layer, lubricate the root canal, efficiently kill bacteria, induce mild or no inflammatory response in the tissues, and avoid damaging the dentin structure. However, a commercial irrigant that meets all these requirements is currently lacking. QMix is a root canal irrigation mixture of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), chlorhexidine (CHX) and surfactant. This mixture can remove the smear layer efficiently, and it possesses strong antibacterial effect and good biocompatibility with minimal cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the influence of QMix on the color and micro-hardness of dentin is low, and it can improve the wettability of root canal sealant without affecting its adhesive properties. This review compares the efficiencies of QMix with other irrigants (sodium hypochlorite, CHX, EDTA, SmearClear, and MTAD) in term of smear layer removal, dentine and root canal sealing, cell cytotoxicity, and bacterial growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Jiayi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huang Ruijie
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Baldasso FER, Cardoso LR, Silva VDD, Morgental RD, Kopper PMP. Evaluation of the effect of four final irrigation protocols on root canal dentin components by polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 80:1337-1343. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Emi Razera Baldasso
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ramiro Barcelos; Porto Alegre/RS Brazil
| | - Luana Roleto Cardoso
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ramiro Barcelos; Porto Alegre/RS Brazil
| | - Vinicius Duval da Silva
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga; Porto Alegre Brazil
| | - Renata Dornelles Morgental
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry; Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM); Rua Marechal Floriano Peixoto Santa Maria Brazil
| | - Patrícia Maria Poli Kopper
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Av. Ramiro Barcelos; Porto Alegre/RS Brazil
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Mirseifinejad R, Tabrizizade M, Davari A, Mehravar F. Efficacy of Different Root Canal Irrigants on Smear Layer Removal after Post Space Preparation: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Evaluation. IRANIAN ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2017; 12:185-190. [PMID: 28512483 PMCID: PMC5431723 DOI: 10.22037/iej.2017.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Effective durable adhesion between post material and dentine using resin cements is essential for longevity of restoration. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of different irrigants on smear layer removal after post space preparation. Methods and Materials: A total of 75 extracted anterior human teeth were selected. The canals were instrumented by rotary system and then were filled. After preparing the post space, teeth were divided into 5 groups according to irrigants: 17% EDTA; 17% EDTA+2% CHX; 5.25% NaOCl; 17% EDTA+5.25% NaOCl; and saline. The canals were irrigated with 5 cc of each irrigants for 1 min. Specimens were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Hulsmann’s score was used for marking of smear layer removal at coronal, middle and apical thirds of post space. The data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: The results revealed that subsequent use of 17% EDTA+5.25% NaOCl was more effective than the other groups in smear layer removal. No statistical difference was found among different levels of root canal within each group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that 17% EDTA+5.25% NaOCl could be an effective irrigant for smear layer removal after post space preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahele Mirseifinejad
- Operative Dentistry Department, Dental School, University of Shahid Sadughi, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mehdi Tabrizizade
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, University of Shahid Sadughi, Yazd, Iran
| | - Abdolrahim Davari
- Operative Dentistry Department, Dental School, University of Shahid Sadughi, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fateme Mehravar
- Student, Dental School, University of Shahid Sadughi Yazd, Yazd, Iran
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Bhandary S, Kakamari S, Srinivasan R, Chandrappa MM, Nasreen F, Junjanna P. A comparative evaluation of the effect of 8% and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid exposure for 1 min and 10 min on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated roots: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2017; 20:21-24. [PMID: 28761248 PMCID: PMC5514805 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.209073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 8% and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) exposure for 1 min and 10 min on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated roots. Methodology: Sixty human single-rooted teeth were decoronated and divided into six groups (n = 10). Canal preparation was carried out except in negative control group, using the ProTaper rotary file system. Final irrigation was performed using distilled water, 17% EDTA for 1 min and 10 min, 8% EDTA for 1 min and 10 min. Thereafter, roots were obturated with ProTaper F3 Gutta-percha points and AH Plus sealer using a single-cone technique. The specimens were loaded vertically at 1 mm/min crosshead speed until vertical root fracture occurred. Results were evaluated statistically with one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey test. Results: Analysis of results showed that the unprepared roots showed the highest fracture resistance and roots irrigated with 17% EDTA for 10 min showed the lowest fracture resistance. The mean fracture resistance of unprepared roots, roots irrigated with 8% EDTA for 10 min and 17% EDTA for 1 min was significantly higher than roots irrigated with 8% EDTA for 1 min, 17% EDTA for 10 min and distilled water. Conclusion: From a clinical viewpoint, if EDTA has to be used, it is safer to use higher concentration for a shorter application time or a low concentration with a longer application time. Prolonged use of high concentrations of EDTA might increase the risk of root fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreetha Bhandary
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Amrith Educational and Cultural Society, Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sapna Kakamari
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Amrith Educational and Cultural Society, Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Raghu Srinivasan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Amrith Educational and Cultural Society, Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Mahesh Martur Chandrappa
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Amrith Educational and Cultural Society, Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Farhat Nasreen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Amrith Educational and Cultural Society, Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Pramod Junjanna
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Amrith Educational and Cultural Society, Maaruti College of Dental Sciences and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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14
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BALDASSO FER, ROLETO L, SILVA VDD, MORGENTAL RD, KOPPER PMP. Effect of final irrigation protocols on microhardness reduction and erosion of root canal dentin. Braz Oral Res 2017; 31:e40. [DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana ROLETO
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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15
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Prado MC, Leal F, Gusman H, Simão RA, Prado M. Effects of auxiliary device use on smear layer removal. J Oral Sci 2016; 58:561-567. [PMID: 28025441 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of different auxiliary irrigation devices on smear layer removal with a chelating solution (QMix). Fifty single-rooted permanent human teeth were shaped with a sequence of nickel-titanium instruments. A 2% chlorhexidine gel was used as a chemical auxiliary substance during preparation. Samples were assigned to five groups (n = 10 each) according to final irrigation protocol, namely, distilled water (control group), QMix 1 min, QMix + passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), QMix + plastic endodontic finishing file (EC), and QMix 3 min. Teeth were prepared and evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, and three photomicrographs (magnification, 1,000×) were obtained for each root third. Two blinded and precalibrated evaluators analyzed and scored the images, and the data were statistically analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (P < 0.05). Groups were ranked according to the extent of smear layer removal. The total area of the root canal walls and apical root thirds was calculated, and the groups ranked PUI > EC = QMix 3 min > QMix 1 min > control. QMix 1 min was effective for smear layer removal only when used with auxiliary devices, and QMix + passive ultrasonic irrigation yielded the best results, particularly for the apical third.(J Oral Sci 58, 561-567, 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina C Prado
- Proclin Department, School of Dentistry, Rio de Janeiro State University
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16
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Das A, Kottoor J, Mathew J, Kumar S, George S. Dentine microhardness changes following conventional and alternate irrigation regimens: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2014; 17:546-9. [PMID: 25506142 PMCID: PMC4252928 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.144592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To compare the changes in microhardness of root dentin caused by two novel irrigation regimens with conventional irrigation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty extracted human permanent incisor teeth were selected. Decoronated roots were separated longitudinally to get 80 specimens that were embedded in autopolymerizing acrylic resin and grounded flat with silicon carbide abrasive papers. Of these, 60 root segments without any cracks or defects were selected and divided into four groups according to the irrigation regimen used (n = 15). Group I: 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) + 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) + 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) (conventional). Group II: 6% Morinda Citrifolia Juice + 17% EDTA (MCJ). Group III: 5% NaOCl + Q Mix 2 in 1 (QMix). Group IV: Distilled water (control). Irrigation regimens were performed for 5 minutes. Dentin microhardness was measured with a Vickers indenter under a 200-g load and a 20-s dwell time at the midroot level of root dentin. The data were analyzed using Kruskal Wallis test and Dunn's multiple comparison tests. RESULTS A significant difference was seen in the median values of the four groups. The control group showed the least reduction in microhardness when comparison with the other groups. Except for Group III (Q Mix), the other groups that were tested (MCJ and conventional regimens) showed statistically significant difference from the control group. CONCLUSION Within the limitation of this study, it was concluded that NaOCl + Q Mix were least detrimental to root dentin microhardness when compared with MCJ and conventional irrigation regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusree Das
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kothamangalam, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Jojo Kottoor
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kothamangalam, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Joy Mathew
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kothamangalam, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Sanjana Kumar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kothamangalam, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
| | - Saira George
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Mar Baselios Dental College, Kothamangalam, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
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