Height measurement in the critically ill patient: A tall order in the critical care unit

The Accuracy of Height Prediction Equations in Greek Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

In clinical settings, standing height measurement is often difficult to perform due to patients' inability to stand upright. Height prediction equations derived from measurements of the length of other body segments have been published; however, they are not readily applicable to all populations since ethnic differences affect the relationship between standing height and body segment length. This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the accuracy of height prediction using the Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) height predictive equations among Greek patients and to develop new, nationally representative equations. The study population consisted of 1198 Greek adult outpatients able to stand upright without assistance and without medical conditions that affected their height. Standing height, ulna length, knee height and demi-span measurements were obtained from 599 males and 599 females. Patients were stratified into age groups of <55 and ≥55 years, <60 and ≥60 years and <65 and ≥65 years according to the categories indicated by the MUST for height prediction from alternative measurements. There were positive correlations between standing height and ulna length and knee height and demi-span length (p < 0.001) in both sexes and all age categories. A strong correlation was observed between the measured and predicted standing height using ulna length (rho = 0.870, p < 0.001), knee height (rho = 0.923, p < 0.001) and demi-span length (rho = 0.906, p < 0.001). The average difference between the MUST indicative equations' height predictions from alternative measurements and actual height was -3.04 (-3.32, -2.76), -1.21 (-1.43, -0.988) and 2.16 (1.92, 2.41), respectively. New height prediction equations for Greek patients were identified, with the predicted values closer to the measured standing heights than those predicted with the MUST indicative equations for height prediction from alternative measurements.

Impact of nutrition status and body mass index on mortality in hospitalized general medical patients: A prospective observational study

BACKGROUND

Malnutrition and low body mass index (BMI) are risk factors for mortality in hospitalized patients. Data substantiating this are unavailable for hospitalized general medical patients in our setting. We studied the prevalence of malnutrition among patients admitted to general medical wards in a tertiary care hospital and its role as a risk factor for 1-month mortality. We also investigated the association of BMI with mortality.

METHODS

In this prospective observational study, nutrition assessment using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) and anthropometric measurements was performed in 395 hospitalized general medical patients. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and Modified Early Warning System (MEWS) score were calculated. Clinical course and vital status at 1 month after discharge was noted. Factors associated with mortality were identified using logistic regression.

RESULTS

The mean age of the study population was 46.2 + 16.1 years; 247 (62.5%) were males. Of 395 patients, 129 (32.7%) belonged to SGA A, 155 (39.2%) to SGA B, and 111 (28.1%) to SGA C. Mean (±SD) BMI was 23.38 (±5.33); 141 (35.6%) were obese. Mortality was observed in 61 (15.4%) patients. Patients in the lowest BMI quartile had the lowest mortality. The adjusted regression analysis showed that higher age and MEWS scores were independently associated with mortality. Severe malnourishment (SGA C) was another important predictor. Further, the odds of death increased consistently across the consecutive BMI quartiles.

CONCLUSION

Higher age, higher MEWS scores, severe malnourishment, and higher BMI scores were independent risk factors for 1-month mortality in hospitalized general medical patients.

Identification of Mood and Body Mass Index as Modifiable Factors for Health Improvement in Spinal Cord Injury

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Higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with lower positive affect in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI).

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Women with SCI are at higher risk of developing increased negative affect than men.

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Older individuals with SCI have a greater chance of developing higher BMI.

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Premorbid personality traits with respect to mood and BMI are essential to interpret the association of BMI and positive affect.

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Results

Conclusions

Challenges with Measurement and Transcription of Patient Height: An Analysis of Patient Safety Events in Pennsylvania Related to Inaccurate Patient Height

An accurate patient height is necessary to calculate certain measurements (e.g., body surface area [BSA]) and lab values (e.g., creatinine clearance [CrCl]), which may be needed to assess renal, cardiac, and lung function and to calculate accurate medication doses. We queried the Pennsylvania Patient Safety Reporting System (PA-PSRS) and identified 679 event reports related to an inaccurate patient height. All events were classified by the reporting facility as incidents, meaning that the patient did not sustain an unanticipated injury or require the delivery of additional healthcare services. The most common care area group where an event occurred was outpatient/clinic (35.8%; 243 of 679). Events were categorized as being related to an error in transcription (72.5%; 492 of 679) or measurement (7.4%; 50 of 679), and the remainder were categorized as etiology of error unclear (20.2%; 137 of 679). The most common transcription errors were the use of the wrong unit of measurement, the transposition of another measurement with height, and typographical errors. Inaccurate patient heights most often led to errors in calculation of medication doses or laboratory values. The most common medication class involved in a dosing error was cancer chemotherapy. In order to ensure accuracy of patient height measurements, patients should be measured at the beginning of every healthcare encounter, units of measurement should be consistent from measurement to transcription into the electronic medical record, and estimated patient height should never be relied upon or recorded.

Lung protection: an intervention for tidal volume reduction in a teaching intensive care unit

Objective

To determine the effect of feedback and education regarding the use of predicted body weight to adjust tidal volume in a lung-protective mechanical ventilation strategy.

Methods

The study was performed from October 2014 to November 2015 (12 months) in a single university polyvalent intensive care unit. We developed a combined intervention (education and feedback), placing particular attention on the importance of adjusting tidal volumes to predicted body weight bedside. In parallel, predicted body weight was estimated from knee height and included in clinical charts.

Results

One hundred fifty-nine patients were included. Predicted body weight assessed by knee height instead of visual evaluation revealed that the delivered tidal volume was significantly higher than predicted. After the inclusion of predicted body weight, we observed a sustained reduction in delivered tidal volume from a mean (standard error) of 8.97 ± 0.32 to 7.49 ± 0.19mL/kg (p < 0.002). Furthermore, the protocol adherence was subsequently sustained for 12 months (delivered tidal volume 7.49 ± 0.54 versus 7.62 ± 0.20mL/kg; p = 0.103).

Conclusion

The lack of a reliable method to estimate the predicted body weight is a significant impairment for the application of a worldwide standard of care during mechanical ventilation. A combined intervention based on education and repeated feedbacks promoted sustained tidal volume education during the study period (12 months).