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Pinto JBG, de Almeida HL, de Almeida AL, Firpo PDO. Transmission electron microscopy of pili annulati. An Bras Dermatol 2022; 97:742-746. [PMID: 36100477 PMCID: PMC9582873 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the ultrastructure of pili annulati. OBJECTIVES To examine with transmission electron microscopy affected hairs of a family, whose diagnosis had been confirmed in five individuals with scanning electron microscopy, which showed surface undulations with "curtain-like" folding of the hair cuticula and to compare the findings with normal control. METHODS Hairs of two affected patients and one control were embedded in resin and cut lengthwise to produce ultra-thin sections. RESULTS The normal hair showed a parallel arrangement of dark lines associated with less electron-dense wide bands. Small cavities could be observed, mostly in the dark lines, affected hairs had a large number of cavities, associated or not with the insertion of melanosomes and loss of parallelism of the dark lines. Higher magnification showed a significant loss of this parallelism, resembling "wood grooves". Widened dark lines were observed in some areas. STUDY LIMITATIONS Only a few hairs were examined. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that the microcanaliculi of the hair surface, easily found with scanning electron microscopy, may be secondary not only to the cavities seen in the sections but also to the disorder of proteins that form this region, demonstrated by the changes of the cortex dark lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joice Brião Göebel Pinto
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Hiram Larangeira de Almeida
- Post Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Department of Dermatology, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
| | - Antonia Larangeira de Almeida
- Dermatology League, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil; Universidade Católica de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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de Almeida H, Göebel Pinto J, de Almeida A, de Castro LS, Ruas C. Scanning electron microscopy of the inner and outer aspects of tiger tail hairs. Int J Trichology 2022; 14:172-174. [DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_63_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Ahmed A, Almohanna H, Griggs J, Tosti A. Genetic Hair Disorders: A Review. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2019; 9:421-448. [PMID: 31332722 PMCID: PMC6704196 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-019-0313-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair loss in early childhood represents a broad differential diagnosis which can be a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for a physician. It is important to consider the diagnosis of a genetic hair disorder. Genetic hair disorders are a large group of inherited disorders, many of which are rare. Genetic hair abnormalities in children can be an isolated phenomenon or part of genetic syndromes. Hair changes may be a significant finding or even the initial presentation of a syndrome giving a clue to the diagnosis, such as Netherton syndrome and trichothiodystrophy. Detailed history including family history and physical examination of hair and other ectodermal structures such as nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands with the use of dermoscopic devices and biopsy all provide important clues to establish the correct diagnosis. Understanding the pathophysiology of genetic hair defects will allow for better comprehension of their treatment and prognosis. For example, in patients with an isolated hair defect, the main problem is aesthetic. In contrast, when the hair defect is associated with a syndrome, the prognosis will depend mainly on the associated condition. Treatment of many genetic hair disorders is focused on treating the primary cause and minimizing trauma to the hair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Ahmed
- Department of Dermatology, King Fahad General Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Hind Almohanna
- Department of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jacob Griggs
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
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Gonzalez AM, Borda LJ, Tosti A. Pili Annulati with Severe Trichorrhexis Nodosa: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Skin Appendage Disord 2019; 5:114-116. [PMID: 30815447 DOI: 10.1159/000491910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pili annulati is generally classified as a hair shaft disorder without fragility. However, increased susceptibility to weathering is common. Severe breakage due to trichorrhexis nodosa is uncommon. We report a case and review the literature on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna M Gonzalez
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Luis J Borda
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Antonella Tosti
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Nam CH, Park M, Choi MS, Hong SP, Kim MH, Park BC. Pili Annulati with Multiple Fragile Hairs. Ann Dermatol 2017; 29:254-256. [PMID: 28392665 PMCID: PMC5383763 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2017.29.2.254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Hee Nam
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Minkee Park
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Mi Soo Choi
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Seung Phil Hong
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Myung Hwa Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Byung Cheol Park
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
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Teysseire S, Weiler L, Thomas L, Dalle S. [Pili Annulati]. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2017; 144:399-400. [PMID: 28109542 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Teysseire
- Service de dermatologie, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69495 Pierre-Bénite cedex 08, France
| | - L Weiler
- Service de dermatologie, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69495 Pierre-Bénite cedex 08, France
| | - L Thomas
- Service de dermatologie, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69495 Pierre-Bénite cedex 08, France
| | - S Dalle
- Service de dermatologie, centre hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 165, chemin du Grand-Revoyet, 69495 Pierre-Bénite cedex 08, France.
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Singh G, Miteva M. Prognosis and Management of Congenital Hair Shaft Disorders without Fragility-Part II. Pediatr Dermatol 2016; 33:481-7. [PMID: 27293153 DOI: 10.1111/pde.12902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Hair shaft disorders are characterized by congenital or acquired abnormalities of the hair shaft. The objective of this study was to review the literature regarding the prognosis and treatment options for hair shaft disorders. We used keywords in the search engines PubMed and Medline to identify all publications in English related to the prognosis and management of hair shaft disorders. Data were extracted from 96 articles that met search criteria. Findings were limited to case reports and small case series, as no studies were found. Disorders that improve in childhood include pili torti, trichorrhexis invaginata, woolly hair, and pili trianguli et canaliculi. Others, such as trichorrhexis nodosa, monilethrix, pili annulati, and pili bifurcati, improve with minoxidil. Oral retinoids have been found to improve hair abnormalities in trichorrhexis invaginata and monilethrix. There is no specific treatment for congenital hair shaft abnormalities. Gentle hair care is the mainstay of care for hair shaft disorders associated with fragility. Practices for gentle care include no brushing, backcombing, chemical products, tight braids, heat exposure, or mechanical grooming. Furthermore, any inherited or congenital disorder requires genetic counseling as part of management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida.
| | - Mariya Miteva
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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Donati A, Andriolo AC, Barletta M, Valente N, Romiti R. Pili Annulati and Trichorrhexis Nodosa in the Same Patient: Cause or Coincidence? Skin Appendage Disord 2015; 1:25-7. [PMID: 27171552 DOI: 10.1159/000371524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the relationship between pili annulati (PA) and acquired trichorrhexis nodosa (TN) seen in the same patient, considering the two main theories evoked by previous studies: greater stiffness of darker PA bands or associated cuticular damage. PROCEDURES Light microscopy of hair shafts from different regions of the patient's scalp. RESULTS TN was not superimposed to dark bands of PA. CONCLUSIONS Greater stiffness of darker PA bands was excluded as the cause of hair breakage. Hair breakage in PA patients might be related to cuticular abnormalities, as previously reported. Because weathering of long thin chemically treated hairs is extremely common, coincidence cannot be completely ruled out in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Donati
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Barletta
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neusa Valente
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Romiti
- Department of Dermatology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Wortsman X, Guerrero R, Wortsman J. Hair morphology in androgenetic alopecia: sonographic and electron microscopic studies. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2014; 33:1265-1272. [PMID: 24958413 DOI: 10.7863/ultra.33.7.1265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess hair morphology in androgenetic alopecia on sonography and electron microscopy. METHODS A prospective study was performed in 33 patients with androgenetic alopecia and 10 unaffected control participants. In vivo sonography of the hair follicles of the scalp and in vitro sonography and electron microscopy of the hair shafts were performed according to a standardized protocol that included analysis of the right frontal and occipital regions. The upper frequency limit of the ultrasound probes ranged between 15 and 18 MHz. RESULTS Scalp hair follicles and hair shafts were recognizable on sonography in all cases. Hair follicles in alopecia cases had significantly lower depths (P < .05). The hair shafts in alopecia also had a different distribution of their laminar pattern on in vitro sonography, with a greater presence of mixed (trilaminar and bilaminar) and solely bilaminar tracts in comparison with the controls (mostly trilaminar). On electron microscopy, the alopecia hair tracts showed irregularities and commonly a "melted candle" appearance of the cuticle. CONCLUSIONS Sonography and electron microscopy uncover distinct abnormalities in the morphology of hair in androgenetic alopecia, which may potentially support the diagnosis and management of this common condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximena Wortsman
- Departments of Radiology and Dermatology, Institute for Diagnostic Imaging and Research of the Skin and Soft Tissues, Clinica Servet, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile (X.W.); Department of Dermatology, Alopecia Clinic, Fundacion Medica San Cristobal, Santiago, Chile (R.G.); and Department of Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois USA (J.W.).
| | - Robinson Guerrero
- Departments of Radiology and Dermatology, Institute for Diagnostic Imaging and Research of the Skin and Soft Tissues, Clinica Servet, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile (X.W.); Department of Dermatology, Alopecia Clinic, Fundacion Medica San Cristobal, Santiago, Chile (R.G.); and Department of Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois USA (J.W.)
| | - Jacobo Wortsman
- Departments of Radiology and Dermatology, Institute for Diagnostic Imaging and Research of the Skin and Soft Tissues, Clinica Servet, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile (X.W.); Department of Dermatology, Alopecia Clinic, Fundacion Medica San Cristobal, Santiago, Chile (R.G.); and Department of Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois USA (J.W.)
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