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Esen M, Guven Y, Seyhan MF, Ersev H, Tuna-Ince EB. Evaluation of the genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and bioactivity of calcium silicate-based cements. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:119. [PMID: 38245737 PMCID: PMC10799466 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03891-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs) have found success in various vital pulp therapy applications, several new CSC products have emerged. This study aimed to assess the genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, and bioactivity of four CSCs by comparing the newly introduced materials Bio MTA+ and MTA Cem with previously studied materials, Biodentine and NeoMTA. METHODS Genotoxicity was evaluated using the micronucleus (MN) assay in human peripheral blood lymphocyte cells, measuring MN frequency and nuclear division index (NDI). Cytotoxicity was assessed in human dental pulp stem cells through the Water-Soluble Tetrazolium Salt-1 (WST-1) colorimetric assay. Bioactivity was determined by ELISA, measuring the levels of angiogenic and odontogenic markers (BMP-2, FGF-2, VEGF, and ALP). Statistical analyses included ANOVA, Dunnet and Sidak tests, and Wald chi-square test. (p < .05). RESULTS The MN frequency in the groups was significantly lower than that in the positive control group (tetraconazole) (p < .05). NDI values decreased with increasing concentration (p < .05). Bio MTA+ and NeoMTA showed decreased cell viability at all concentrations in 7-day cultures (p < .01). All materials increased BMP-2, FGF-2, and VEGF levels, with Biodentine and NeoMTA showing the highest levels of BMP-2 and FGF-2 on day 7. Biodentine displayed the highest VEGF levels on day 7. Biodentine and NeoMTA groups exhibited significantly higher ALP activity than the Bio MTA+ and MTA Cem groups by day 7. CONCLUSION Bio MTA+ and MTA Cem demonstrated no genotoxic or cytotoxic effects. Moreover, this study revealed bioactive potentials of Bio MTA+ and MTA Cem by enhancing the expression of angiogenic and osteogenic growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Esen
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Guven
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Fatih Seyhan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Art and Sciences, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Handan Ersev
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Bahar Tuna-Ince
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kosarnia M, Bahreyni-Toossi MT, Gholamhosseinian H, Dolat E, Fakour-Mollaee P, Azimian H. Establishment and validation of a calibration curve for dicentric chromosome induced by 6MV X-ray. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2023; 199:1410-1415. [PMID: 37448196 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Radiation during radiotherapy and nuclear accidents is currently one of the biggest concerns for the international community. Biological dosimetry examines the amount of damage caused by radiation at the cellular level by quantifying a radiation biomarker. In particular, the dicentric chromosome assay is a biodosimetric technique that can quantify radiation damage by correlating radiation dose exposure with the frequency of dicentric chromosomes in the peripheral lymphocytes extracted from exposed individuals. This study aims to present of the reference dose-response calibration curve for biodosimetry laboratory of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (north-east of Iran). In all, 40 samples of peripheral blood from four healthy volunteers were irradiated at doses of 0-5 Gray in a customised water phantom using a 6 MV X-rays at dose rate of 2 Gy/min from a linear accelerator. The irradiated samples were cultured and analysed according to the International Atomic Energy Agency Cytogenetic Dosimetry Protocol (2011) with some modifications. Linear-quadratic model curve fitting and further statistical analysis were done using Chromosome Aberration Calculation Software Version 2.0 and Dose Estimate (Version 5.2). The curve equation obtained was ${Y}_{dic}=0.0533{D}^2+0.0231D+0.0001$ and was in the range of other studies. Validation of the calibration curve was done by estimating the dose of blind samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Kosarnia
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9138813944, Iran
| | | | - Hamid Gholamhosseinian
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9138813944, Iran
| | - Elham Dolat
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9138813944, Iran
| | - Parisa Fakour-Mollaee
- Department of Medical Physics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9138813944, Iran
| | - Hosein Azimian
- Medical Physics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9138813944, Iran
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Meng QQ, Zhang RF, Zhang ZX, Yang Y, Chai DL, Yuan YY, Ren Y, Dong JC, Dang XH. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE IN VITRO DOSE-RESPONSE CALIBRATION CURVE FOR X-RAY-INDUCED MICRONUCLEI IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2022; 198:1338-1345. [PMID: 35961020 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncac170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay has proven to be a reliable technique for biological dosimetry. This study aimed to establish the dose-response curve for X-ray-induced micronucleus. Peripheral blood samples from three healthy donors were irradiated with various doses and scoring criteria by the micronuclei (MN) in binucleated cells. The results showed that the frequency of MN increased with the elevation of radiation dose. CABAS and Dose Estimate software were used to fit the MN and dose into a linear quadratic model, and the results were compared. The linear and quadratic coefficients obtained by the two software were basically the same and were comparable with published curves of similar radiation quality and dose rates by other studies. The dose-response curve established in this study can be used as an alternative method for in vitro dose reconstruction and provides a reliable tool for biological dosimetry in accidental or occupational radiation exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Meng
- China Institute for Radiation Protection (CIRP), Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Rui-Feng Zhang
- China Institute for Radiation Protection (CIRP), Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhong-Xin Zhang
- China Institute for Radiation Protection (CIRP), Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Yi Yang
- China Institute for Radiation Protection (CIRP), Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Dong-Liang Chai
- China Institute for Radiation Protection (CIRP), Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Ya-Yi Yuan
- China Institute for Radiation Protection (CIRP), Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Yue Ren
- China Institute for Radiation Protection (CIRP), Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Juan-Cong Dong
- China Institute for Radiation Protection (CIRP), Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Xu-Hong Dang
- China Institute for Radiation Protection (CIRP), Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
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Sepaniac LA, Martin W, Dionne LA, Stearns TM, Reinholdt LG, Stumpff J. Micronuclei in Kif18a mutant mice form stable micronuclear envelopes and do not promote tumorigenesis. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212637. [PMID: 34515734 PMCID: PMC8441830 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronuclei, whole or fragmented chromosomes spatially separated from the main nucleus, are associated with genomic instability and have been identified as drivers of tumorigenesis. Paradoxically, Kif18a mutant mice produce micronuclei due to asynchronous segregation of unaligned chromosomes in vivo but do not develop spontaneous tumors. We report here that micronuclei in Kif18a mutant mice form stable nuclear envelopes. Challenging Kif18a mutant mice via deletion of the Trp53 gene led to formation of thymic lymphoma with elevated levels of micronuclei. However, loss of Kif18a had modest or no effect on survival of Trp53 homozygotes and heterozygotes, respectively. Micronuclei in cultured KIF18A KO cells form stable nuclear envelopes characterized by increased recruitment of nuclear envelope components and successful expansion of decondensing chromatin compared with those induced by nocodazole washout or radiation. Lagging chromosomes were also positioned closer to the main chromatin masses in KIF18A KO cells. These data suggest that not all micronuclei actively promote tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie A Sepaniac
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | | | | | | | | | - Jason Stumpff
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
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DNA damage response of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to high-LET neutron irradiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20854. [PMID: 34675263 PMCID: PMC8531011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The radiosensitivity of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to neutron radiation remains largely underexplored, notwithstanding their potential role as target cells for radiation-induced leukemogenesis. New insights are required for radiation protection purposes, particularly for aviation, space missions, nuclear accidents and even particle therapy. In this study, HSPCs (CD34+CD38+ cells) were isolated from umbilical cord blood and irradiated with 60Co γ-rays (photons) and high energy p(66)/Be(40) neutrons. At 2 h post-irradiation, a significantly higher number of 1.28 ± 0.12 γ-H2AX foci/cell was observed after 0.5 Gy neutrons compared to 0.84 ± 0.14 foci/cell for photons, but this decreased to similar levels for both radiation qualities after 18 h. However, a significant difference in late apoptosis was observed with Annexin-V+/PI+ assay between photon and neutron irradiation at 18 h, 43.17 ± 6.10% versus 55.55 ± 4.87%, respectively. A significant increase in MN frequency was observed after both 0.5 and 1 Gy neutron irradiation compared to photons illustrating higher levels of neutron-induced cytogenetic damage, while there was no difference in the nuclear division index between both radiation qualities. The results point towards a higher induction of DNA damage after neutron irradiation in HSPCs followed by error-prone DNA repair, which contributes to genomic instability and a higher risk of leukemogenesis.
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Tamizh Selvan G, Kanagaraj K, Venkatachalam P. The relative biological effectiveness of high-energy clinical 3 and 6 MV X-rays for micronucleus induction in human lymphocytes. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 97:687-694. [PMID: 33798020 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1906972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the modern era of radiotherapy, use of conventional radiation modalities (based on γ-rays) is being replaced by high-energy linear accelerator-based X-rays. As a result of mishandling of equipment or mechanical errors, health workers can be exposed to these high-energy X-rays. Especially in the absence of personnel monitoring devices, biodosimetry with a lower energy X-ray calibration curve may not provide an acceptable dose estimate. Moreover, the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) value assigned for X-rays is the same (ONE) regardless of beam energy (V), employed in diagnosis, interventional medicine, and radiotherapy. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to examine the induced biological effects, measured through micronucleus (MN) formation, of X-rays of different energies (3 and 6 MV X-rays), and to investigate the RBE relative to 225 kVp X-rays. MATERIALS AND METHODS Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) from healthy donors (n = 6), were irradiated with 225 kVp, 3 MV, and 6 MV energy X-rays and induced biological damage was quantified as MN formation using the cytokinesis blocked MN (CBMN) assay. RESULTS The MN per cell in the X-irradiated samples for the three different X-ray energies showed a significant (p<.0001) dose-dependent increase, when compared to unexposed samples. Aberration frequencies obtained at the same dose for the three different energies showed significant (p<.05) difference for the MN per cell among the energy levels; however, the in vitro dose-response curve parameters (slope, intercept, and coefficient) did not show any significant differences. The estimated dose in the blinded sample was within the 95% confidence intervals of each of the calibration curves. However, overall, the 6 MV dose-response curve coefficients yielded the closest dose estimate to that of the true dose. The calculated RBE values at 5% induced MN for 3 and 6 MV LINAC X-rays were 2.0 ± 0.04 and 0.70 ± 0.01, respectively, and the average RBE for the complete dose-response curves were 1.13 ± 0.04 and 0.80 ± 0.02 relative to 225 kVp X-rays as standard radiation. CONCLUSION The established dose-response curves obtained for PBL exposed to different energy levels of X-rays of 225 kVp, 3 MV, and 6 MV are ready to use for biological dosimetry purposes. The calculated RBE values for the higher energies of X-rays relative to 225 kVp X-rays in this study suggest that RBE of X-rays may not be equal to one, with the true value dependent on the beam energy, the dose and dose rate, and the endpoint investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tamizh Selvan
- Central Research Lab, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Karthik Kanagaraj
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
| | - Perumal Venkatachalam
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Chennai, India
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Chromosome aberrations during in-vitro labeling of red blood cells with 99mTc: a study with cytokinesis block micronucleus assay in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Nucl Med Commun 2020; 41:1334-1338. [PMID: 32941404 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Radiopharmaceuticals are special medicines composed by a radionuclide and a non-radioactive compound characterized by non-pharmacodynamic effects, low prevalence of side effects, and a possible risk of oncogenesis, since its administration to patients supposes a radiation dose to organism. Over these years, radiation damage induced by diagnosis radiopharmaceuticals has been evaluated, including the radiolabeled autologous cells, a group of radiopharmaceuticals where blood cells extracted from patients are labeled in-vitro and readministered for diagnosis. There is not a consensus about the possibility of increasement of risk for malignancies associated with the radiolabeled blood cells, so for a more accurate evaluation of the potential oncogenic risk related to the administration of [Tc]Tc labeled red blood cells, radiation dose received by the cells during the labeling process is studied by means of the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay and a dose-response curve constructed by in-vitro external irradiation of blood samples. Our work enables to establish the range of activity to be added during the in-vitro labeling of red blood cells with [Tc]Tc pertechnetate to avoid radiation damage to cells. Activities recommended for blood volume determination and angiography do not increase the risk of malignancies, whilst activities of 370 MBq show chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes. Evaluation of the radiation damage related to the in-vitro labeling is recommended to estimate the potential oncogenic risk and minimize it.
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Lusiyanti Y, Syaifudin M, Budiantari T, Purnami S, Ramadhani D. Development of Dose-Response Calibration Curve for Dicentric Chromosome Induced by X-Rays. Genome Integr 2019; 10:2. [PMID: 31391915 PMCID: PMC6659407 DOI: 10.4103/genint.genint_1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome aberration is a biomarker that has been used as a standard tool in biological dosimetry (biodosimetry) of individuals after exposure to ionizing radiation. It is based mainly on the induction of dicentric chromosomes - one of the radiation-induced biological effects, in order to correlate them with radiation dose. In this study, a dose calibration curve for X-rays was generated by using the dicentric assay and by fitting the data to both Chromosomal Aberration Calculation Software and Dose Estimate programs to compare the output of each method. Peripheral blood samples from four nonsmoker healthy donors were irradiated with various doses ranging from 0 to 4 Gy with 250 kV or 122 keV X-rays at a dose rate of 0.17 Gy/min. The irradiated blood was cultured, harvested, and analyzed according to the standard procedure as described by the International Atomic Energy Agency with slight modifications. The dose-response calibration data for dicentrics were fitted with the linear-quadratic model (Ydic = 0.03987D2 + 0.00651D). The dose-response calibration curve obtained in this research was comparable to other estimations with similar radiation quality and dose rates. The results in this research convinced us in sustaining a biodosimetry using a dose-response calibration curve in our laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanti Lusiyanti
- Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mukh Syaifudin
- Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Tuti Budiantari
- Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sofiati Purnami
- Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dwi Ramadhani
- Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Syaifudin M, Defiyandra VP, Nurhayati S, Purnami S, Pudjadi E. Micronucleus Assay-based Evaluation of Radiosensitivity of Lymphocytes among Inhabitants Living in High Background Radiation Area of Mamuju, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Genome Integr 2019; 9:2. [PMID: 30820313 PMCID: PMC6388569 DOI: 10.4103/genint.genint_2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring radiation can be found all around us and account for most of the radiation received by human beings each year. Indonesia has a region with high-dose natural radiation located in the suburb of West Sulawesi province with a dose rate up to 2800 nSv/h; however, its impact was not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiosensitivity of 12 peripheral blood lymphocytes of inhabitant from high background radiation area (HBRA) and 10 from normal background radiation area (NBRA) based on cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay after challenged with 1.5 Gy of gamma ray. The analysis of CBMN was done according to standard procedure as per IAEA guidelines, and frequency of binucleate (mitotic) cells with micronuclei (MN) was scored in around 2000 binucleate lymphocytes cells per culture in microscopic analysis. Mean MN frequency for HBRA was lower than that of NBRA (0.121 vs. 0.189) after irradiation, indicating an adaptive response in HBRA group that resulted in less radiosensitivity; however, there was no statistically significant different (P > 0.05) between these two groups. The MN number was higher in women compared to men for both HBRA (0.15 vs. 0.09) and NBRA (0.216 vs. 0.147) groups. Besides, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in Nuclear Division Index (NDI), as measured in 500 metaphase cells with published formula, between HBRA and NBRA samples (1.24 vs. 1.21). The lower MN frequency prompts us to conclude that there is an adaptive response in the lymphocytes of inhabitants as an indicator of lower radiosensitivity to the high natural radiation exposure. Further studies using large number of samples are required to obtain more comprehensive conclusion along with the assessment of other types of radiosensitivity-related biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukh Syaifudin
- Nuclear Medicine Technique and Radiation Biology Division, Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), Cilandak, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Vira Putri Defiyandra
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Al-Azhar Indonesia University, Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Siti Nurhayati
- Nuclear Medicine Technique and Radiation Biology Division, Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), Cilandak, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sofiati Purnami
- Nuclear Medicine Technique and Radiation Biology Division, Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), Cilandak, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Eko Pudjadi
- Radioecology Division, Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology (PTKMR), National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), Cilandak, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Siama Z, Zosang-Zuali M, Vanlalruati A, Jagetia GC, Pau KS, Kumar NS. Chronic low dose exposure of hospital workers to ionizing radiation leads to increased micronuclei frequency and reduced antioxidants in their peripheral blood lymphocytes. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:697-709. [PMID: 30668213 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1571255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The regular low dose occupational exposure to ionizing radiation may induce deleterious health effects, which may be of particular interest to medical radiation workers who daily handle X-ray machines. Human peripheral blood lymphocytes are able to retain the signature of radiation-induced DNA damage, therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate the DNA damage and antioxidants status in hospital workers occupationally exposed to low doses of X-rays. Materials and methods: The peripheral blood lymphocytes of the occupationally exposed and control groups matched for age, gender, tobacco usage, and alcohol consumption were cultured and micronuclei frequency was determined. Activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation were also estimated in their plasma. Results: The micronuclei frequency in the occupationally exposed group (n = 33), increased significantly (p < .0001) followed by reduced glutathione-s-transferase (p < .01) and catalase (p < .001) activities, and increased lipid peroxidation (p < .05) when compared to the control group (n = 33). Occupational exposure resulted in an effective dose ranging between 3.14 to 144.5 mSv (40.88 ± 39.86mSv) depending on the employment duration of 3-29 years (10.33 ± 7.05 years). A correlation between the micronuclei frequency (p < .05) and catalase activity (p < .05) existed in the occupationally exposed individuals depending on the smoking habit, age, duration of employment, cumulative exposure dose and number of patients handled per day. Conclusions: We have observed that protracted low dose exposure to ionizing radiation is an inevitable occupational hazard leading to persistence of oxidative stress and increased genomic instability in the radiological technicians depending on the time spent with X-rays, cumulative dose received and the number of patients handled daily raising the risk of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zothan Siama
- a Department of Zoology, Cancer and Radiation Biology Laboratory , Mizoram University , Aizawl , India
| | - Mary Zosang-Zuali
- a Department of Zoology, Cancer and Radiation Biology Laboratory , Mizoram University , Aizawl , India
| | - Annie Vanlalruati
- a Department of Zoology, Cancer and Radiation Biology Laboratory , Mizoram University , Aizawl , India
| | - Ganesh Chandra Jagetia
- a Department of Zoology, Cancer and Radiation Biology Laboratory , Mizoram University , Aizawl , India
| | - Kham Suan Pau
- b Radiation Safety Agency, Directorate of Hospital and Medical Education , Aizawl , India
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