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Zhao C, Fu X, Yang Z, Zhang Q, Zhao Y. ATP-sensitive potassium channel opener, Nicorandil, inhibits NF-κB/AIM2/GSDMD pathway activation to protect against neuroinflammation in ischemic stroke. Neurochem Int 2024; 179:105810. [PMID: 39069080 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
The absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) inflammasome contributes to ischemic brain injury by inducing cell pyroptosis and inflammatory responses. Our research group has previously demonstrated that ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channels) openers can modulate neuronal synaptic plasticity post-ischemic stroke for neuroprotection. However, the specific mechanisms of KATP channels in the inflammatory response following ischemic stroke remain unclear. Here, we assessed cellular damage by observing changes in BV-2 morphology and viability. 2,3,5-Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining, mNSS scoring, Nissl staining, and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were used to evaluate behavioral deficits, brain injury severity, and neuronal damage in mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to measure cell pyroptosis and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation in vivo and in vitro. We observed that AIM2 protein expression was upregulated and localized within the cytoplasm of BV-2 cells. Notably, low-dose Nicorandil treatment reduced inflammatory cytokine secretion and pyroptosis-related protein expression, including AIM2, cleaved cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-1 (cleaved caspase-1), and Gasdermin D N-terminal (GSDMD-NT). Further investigations revealed that the KATP channel inhibitor 5-HD upregulated p-NF-κB p65, NF-κB p65, and p-IκBα expression, reversing Nicorandil's neuroprotective effect in vivo. In summary, our results suggest that Nicorandil may serve as a potential therapeutic option for ischemic stroke. Targeting AIM2 and NF-κB represents effective strategies for inhibiting neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenming Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Xiaojuan Fu
- Department of Neurology, Xinxiang Central Hospital, The Fourth Clinical College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, 453000, Henan, China
| | - Zhuoying Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Qiujun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China
| | - Yuanzheng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, China.
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2
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Fu X, Lu H, Gao M, Li P, He Y, He Y, Luo X, Rao X, Liu W. Nitric oxide in the cardio-cerebrovascular system: source, regulation and application. Nitric Oxide 2024; 152:S1089-8603(24)00115-0. [PMID: 39299647 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2024.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role as a messenger or effector in the body, yet it presents a dual impact on cardio-cerebrovascular health. Under normal physiological conditions, NO exhibits vasodilatory effects, regulates blood pressure, inhibits platelet aggregation, and offers neuroprotective actions. However, in pathological situations, excessive NO production contributes to or worsens inflammation within the body. Moreover, NO may combine with reactive oxygen species (ROS), generating harmful substances that intensify physical harm. This paper succinctly reviews pertinent literature to clarify the in vivo and in vitro origins of NO, its regulatory function in the cardio-cerebrovascular system, and the advantages and disadvantages associated with NO donor drugs, NO delivery systems, and vascular stent materials for treating cardio-cerebrovascular disease. The findings provide a theoretical foundation for the application of NO in cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Fu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Haowei Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Meng Gao
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Pinghe Li
- Lanzhou Foci Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Yan He
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yu He
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiaojian Luo
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Rao
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Pawluk H, Tafelska-Kaczmarek A, Sopońska M, Porzych M, Modrzejewska M, Pawluk M, Kurhaluk N, Tkaczenko H, Kołodziejska R. The Influence of Oxidative Stress Markers in Patients with Ischemic Stroke. Biomolecules 2024; 14:1130. [PMID: 39334896 DOI: 10.3390/biom14091130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and its incidence is rising rapidly. Acute ischemic stroke is a subtype of stroke that accounts for the majority of stroke cases and has a high mortality rate. An effective treatment for stroke is to minimize damage to the brain's neural tissue by restoring blood flow to decreased perfusion areas of the brain. Many reports have concluded that both oxidative stress and excitotoxicity are the main pathological processes associated with ischemic stroke. Current measures to protect the brain against serious damage caused by stroke are insufficient. For this reason, it is important to investigate oxidative and antioxidant strategies to reduce oxidative damage. This review focuses on studies assessing the concentration of oxidative stress biomarkers and the level of antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) and their impact on the clinical prognosis of patients after stroke. Mechanisms related to the production of ROS/RNS and the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke are presented, as well as new therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing the effects of ischemia and reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Pawluk
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Karlowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Tafelska-Kaczmarek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Sopońska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Karlowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Marta Porzych
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Karlowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Martyna Modrzejewska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Karlowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Mateusz Pawluk
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Karlowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Natalia Kurhaluk
- Institute of Biology, Pomeranian University in Slupsk, Arciszewski 22B, 76-200 Slupsk, Poland
| | - Halina Tkaczenko
- Institute of Biology, Pomeranian University in Slupsk, Arciszewski 22B, 76-200 Slupsk, Poland
| | - Renata Kołodziejska
- Department of Medical Biology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Karlowicza 24, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Zong P, Li CX, Feng J, Cicchetti M, Yue L. TRP Channels in Stroke. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:1141-1159. [PMID: 37995056 PMCID: PMC11306852 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01151-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease that affects millions of patients worldwide. Unfortunately, there are no effective medications for mitigating brain injury after ischemic stroke. TRP channels are evolutionally ancient biosensors that detect external stimuli as well as tissue or cellular injury. To date, many members of the TRP superfamily have been reported to contribute to ischemic brain injury, including the TRPC subfamily (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7), TRPV subfamily (1, 2, 3, 4) and TRPM subfamily (2, 4, 7). These TRP channels share structural similarities but have distinct channel functions and properties. Their activation during ischemic stroke can be beneficial, detrimental, or even both. In this review, we focus on discussing the interesting features of stroke-related TRP channels and summarizing the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for their involvement in ischemic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengyu Zong
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, School of Medicine (UConn Health), University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
- Institute for the Brain and Cognitive Sciences, University of Connecticut, 337 Mansfield Road, Unit 1272, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA.
| | - Cindy X Li
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, School of Medicine (UConn Health), University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jianlin Feng
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, School of Medicine (UConn Health), University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Mara Cicchetti
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, School of Medicine (UConn Health), University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Pittsburgh, 4200 Fifth Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Lixia Yue
- Department of Cell Biology, Calhoun Cardiology Center, School of Medicine (UConn Health), University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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Gainutdinov KL, Kulchitsky VA, Yafarova GG, Andrianov VV, Bazan LV, Bogodvid TK, Silantyeva DI, Nagibov AV. Analysis of the Intensity of Nitric Oxide Production in Different Parts of the Spinal Cord after Modeling Combined Cerebral and Spinal Injury. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 177:293-296. [PMID: 39126540 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06176-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Using the method of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we showed that NO production decreases by 60% (p<0.05) in the region located rostral to the spinal cord injury 7 days after combined injury to the brain and spinal cord. At the same time, NO production did not change in the site of spinal cord injury and caudal to the injury. The intensity of NO production in similar parts of the spinal cord in intact animals remained unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kh L Gainutdinov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia.
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia.
| | - V A Kulchitsky
- Brain Center, Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Minsk, Republic of Belarus
| | - G G Yafarova
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - V V Andrianov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - L V Bazan
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute, Federal Research Center Kazan Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - T K Bogodvid
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
- Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sports, and Tourism, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - D I Silantyeva
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
| | - A V Nagibov
- Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sports, and Tourism, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
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Zheng H, Wu H, Wang D, Wang S, Ji D, Liu X, Gao G, Su X, Zhang Y, Ling Y. Research progress of prodrugs for the treatment of cerebral ischemia. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 272:116457. [PMID: 38704941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
It is well-known that pharmacotherapy plays a pivotal role in the treatment and prevention of cerebral ischemia. Nevertheless, existing drugs, including numerous natural products, encounter various challenges when applied in cerebral ischemia treatment. These challenges comprise poor brain absorption due to low blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, limited water solubility, inadequate bioavailability, poor stability, and rapid metabolism. To address these issues, researchers have turned to prodrug strategies, aiming to mitigate or eliminate the adverse properties of parent drug molecules. In vivo metabolism or enzymatic reactions convert prodrugs into active parent drugs, thereby augmenting BBB permeability, improving bioavailability and stability, and reducing toxicity to normal tissues, ultimately aiming to enhance treatment efficacy and safety. This comprehensive review delves into multiple effective prodrug strategies, providing a detailed description of representative prodrugs developed over the past two decades. It underscores the potential of prodrug approaches to improve the therapeutic outcomes of currently available drugs for cerebral ischemia. The publication of this review serves to enrich current research progress on prodrug strategies for the treatment and prevention of cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, it seeks to offer valuable insights for pharmaceutical chemists in this field, offer guidance for the development of drugs for cerebral ischemia, and provide patients with safer and more effective drug treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Zheng
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Hongmei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dezhi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Sijia Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Dongliang Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China; Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Ge Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xing Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yong Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong Key Laboratory of Small Molecular Drug Innovation, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, 226001, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.
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Yokomizo S, Kopp T, Roessing M, Morita A, Lee S, Cho S, Ogawa E, Komai E, Inoue K, Fukushi M, Feil S, Kim HH, Bragin DE, Gerashchenko D, Huang PL, Kashiwagi S, Atochin DN. Near-Infrared II Photobiomodulation Preconditioning Ameliorates Stroke Injury via Phosphorylation of eNOS. Stroke 2024; 55:1641-1649. [PMID: 38572660 PMCID: PMC11126363 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.045358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current management of patients with stroke with intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular thrombectomy is effective only when it is timely performed on an appropriately selected but minor fraction of patients. The development of novel adjunctive therapy is highly desired to reduce morbidity and mortality with stroke. Since endothelial dysfunction is implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke and is featured with suppressed endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) with concomitant nitric oxide deficiency, restoring endothelial nitric oxide represents a promising approach to treating stroke injury. METHODS This is a preclinical proof-of-concept study to determine the therapeutic effect of transcranial treatment with a low-power near-infrared laser in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. The laser treatment was performed before the middle cerebral artery occlusion with a filament. To determine the involvement of eNOS phosphorylation, unphosphorylatable eNOS S1176A knock-in mice were used. Each measurement was analyzed by a 2-way ANOVA to assess the effect of the treatment on cerebral blood flow with laser Doppler flowmetry, eNOS phosphorylation by immunoblot analysis, and stroke outcomes by infarct volumes and neurological deficits. RESULTS Pretreatment with a 1064-nm laser at an irradiance of 50 mW/cm2 improved cerebral blood flow, eNOS phosphorylation, and stroke outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Near-infrared II photobiomodulation could offer a noninvasive and low-risk adjunctive therapy for stroke injury. This new modality using a physical parameter merits further consideration to develop innovative therapies to prevent and treat a wide array of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Yokomizo
- Department of Neurology, MassGeneral Institute of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, 114 16th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Radiological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashi-Ogu, Arakawa, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Timo Kopp
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry (IFIB), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Malte Roessing
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry (IFIB), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, Tübingen 72076, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Atsuyo Morita
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Seeun Lee
- Stroke and Neurovascular Regulation Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Suin Cho
- Stroke and Neurovascular Regulation Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Emiyu Ogawa
- School of Allied Health Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato Minami-ku Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eri Komai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kazumasa Inoue
- Department of Radiological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashi-Ogu, Arakawa, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Masahiro Fukushi
- Department of Radiological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashi-Ogu, Arakawa, Tokyo 116-8551, Japan
| | - Susanne Feil
- Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry (IFIB), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 34, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Hyung-Hwan Kim
- Stroke and Neurovascular Regulation Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Denis E. Bragin
- Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr. SE, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
- Department of Neurology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08 4720, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Dmitry Gerashchenko
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston VA Medical Center West Roxbury, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Pkwy, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
| | - Paul L. Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Satoshi Kashiwagi
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston VA Medical Center West Roxbury, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Pkwy, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Dmitriy N. Atochin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital 149 13 Street, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston VA Medical Center West Roxbury, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Harvard Medical School, 1400 VFW Pkwy, West Roxbury, MA 02132, USA
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8
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Yu Y, Li P, Chen M, Zhan W, Zhu T, Min L, Liu H, Lv B. MiR-122 overexpression alleviates oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal injury by targeting sPLA2-IIA. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1395833. [PMID: 38798705 PMCID: PMC11127566 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1395833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemic stroke (IS) is a neurological disease with significant disability and mortality. MicroRNAs were proven to be associated with cerebral ischemia. Previous studies have demonstrated miR-122 downregulation in both animal models of IS and the blood of IS patients. Nonetheless, the role and mechanism of miR-122-5p in IS remain unclear. Methods We established primary human and mouse astrocytes, along with HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells, through oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) treatment. To assess the impact of miR-122, we employed CCK8 assays, flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, western blotting, and ELISA to evaluate cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and cytokine expression. A dual-luciferase reporter gene assay was employed to investigate the interaction between miR-122 and sPLA2-IIA. Results Overexpression of miR-122 resulted in decreased apoptosis, reduced cleaved caspase-3 expression, and increased cell viability in astrocytes and HT22 cells subjected to OGD/R. RT-qPCR and ELISA analyses demonstrated a decrease in mRNA and cytokine levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in both astrocytes and HT22 cells following miR-122 overexpression. Moreover, miR-122 overexpression reversed OGD/R-induced ROS levels and 8-OHdG formation in astrocytes. Additionally, miR-122 overexpression decreased the mRNA and protein expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Furthermore, we found that miR-122 attaches to the 3'-UTR of sPLA2-IIA, thereby downregulate its expression. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that miR-122-mediated inhibition of sPLA2-IIA attenuates OGD/R-induced neuronal injury by suppressing apoptosis, alleviating post-ischemic inflammation, and reducing ROS production. Thus, the miR-122/sPLA2-IIA axis may represent a promising target for IS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfang Yu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Practice, Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Li
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Practice, Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenfeng Zhan
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Practice, Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Min
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Lv
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Department of General Practice, Guangdong Geriatrics Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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9
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Jia J, Jiao W, Wang G, Wu J, Huang Z, Zhang Y. Drugs/agents for the treatment of ischemic stroke: Advances and perspectives. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:975-1012. [PMID: 38126568 DOI: 10.1002/med.22009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) poses a significant threat to global human health and life. In recent decades, we have witnessed unprecedented progresses against IS, including thrombolysis, thrombectomy, and a few medicines that can assist in reopening the blocked brain vessels or serve as standalone treatments for patients who are not eligible for thrombolysis/thrombectomy therapies. However, the narrow time windows of thrombolysis/thrombectomy, coupled with the risk of hemorrhagic transformation, as well as the lack of highly effective and safe medications, continue to present big challenges in the acute treatment and long-term recovery of IS. In the past 3 years, several excellent articles have reviewed pathophysiology of IS and therapeutic medicines for the treatment of IS based on the pathophysiology. Regretfully, there is no comprehensive overview to summarize all categories of anti-IS drugs/agents designed and synthesized based on molecular mechanisms of IS pathophysiology. From medicinal chemistry view of point, this article reviews a multitude of anti-IS drugs/agents, including small molecule compounds, natural products, peptides, and others, which have been developed based on the molecular mechanism of IS pathophysiology, such as excitotoxicity, oxidative/nitrosative stresses, cell death pathways, and neuroinflammation, and so forth. In addition, several emerging medicines and strategies, including nanomedicines, stem cell therapy and noncoding RNAs, which recently appeared for the treatment of IS, are shortly introduced. Finally, the perspectives on the associated challenges and future directions of anti-IS drugs/agents are briefly provided to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijie Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianbing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Amankwa CE, Acha LG, Dibas A, Chavala SH, Roth S, Mathew B, Acharya S. Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Hybrid Small-Molecule SA-10 in Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Retinal Neuronal Injury Models. Cells 2024; 13:396. [PMID: 38474360 PMCID: PMC10931063 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Embolism, hyperglycemia, high intraocular pressure-induced increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and microglial activation result in endothelial/retinal ganglion cell death. Here, we conducted in vitro and in vivo ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) efficacy studies of a hybrid antioxidant-nitric oxide donor small molecule, SA-10, to assess its therapeutic potential for ocular stroke. METHODS To induce I/R injury and inflammation, we subjected R28 and primary microglial cells to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) for 6 h in vitro or treated these cells with a cocktail of TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ for 1 h, followed by the addition of SA-10 (10 µM). Inhibition of microglial activation, ROS scavenging, cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities were measured. In vivo I/R-injured mouse retinas were treated with either PBS or SA-10 (2%) intravitreally, and pattern electroretinogram (ERG), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, flash ERG and retinal immunocytochemistry were performed. RESULTS SA-10 significantly inhibited microglial activation and inflammation in vitro. Compared to the control, the compound SA-10 significantly attenuated cell death in both microglia (43% vs. 13%) and R28 cells (52% vs. 17%), decreased ROS (38% vs. 68%) production in retinal microglia cells, preserved neural retinal function and increased SOD1 in mouse eyes. CONCLUSION SA-10 is protective to retinal neurons by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Amankwa
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (A.D.); (S.H.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Lorea Gamboa Acha
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (L.G.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Adnan Dibas
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (A.D.); (S.H.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Sai H. Chavala
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (A.D.); (S.H.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
| | - Steven Roth
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (L.G.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Biji Mathew
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (L.G.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Suchismita Acharya
- North Texas Eye Research Institute, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA; (C.E.A.); (A.D.); (S.H.C.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX 76107, USA
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11
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Abolfazli S, Mortazavi P, Kheirandish A, Butler AE, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Regulatory effects of curcumin on nitric oxide signaling in the cardiovascular system. Nitric Oxide 2024; 143:16-28. [PMID: 38141926 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
The continuously rising prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) globally substantially impacts the economic growth of developing countries. Indeed, one of the leading causes of death worldwide is unfavorable cardiovascular events. Reduced nitric oxide (NO) generation is the pathogenic foundation of endothelial dysfunction, which is regarded as the first stage in the development of a number of CVDs. Nitric oxide exerts an array of biological effects, including vasodilation, the suppression of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and the functional control of cardiac cells. Numerous treatment strategies aim to increase NO synthesis or upregulate downstream NO signaling pathways. The major component of Curcuma longa, curcumin, has long been utilized in traditional medicine to treat various illnesses, especially CVDs. Curcumin improves CV function as well as having important pleiotropic effects, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, through its ability to increase the bioavailability of NO and to positively impact NO-related signaling pathways. In this review, we discuss the scientific literature relating to curcumin's positive effects on NO signaling and vascular endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Abolfazli
- Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Science, Sari, Iran
| | - Parham Mortazavi
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Kheirandish
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Research Department, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Bahrain, PO Box, 15503, Adliya, Bahrain
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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12
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Xu G, Dong F, Su L, Tan ZX, Lei M, Li L, Wen D, Zhang F. The role and therapeutic potential of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) in ischemic stroke. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116140. [PMID: 38211425 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a prevalent cerebrovascular condition with a global impact, causing significant rates of illness and death. Despite extensive research, the available treatment options for stroke remain restricted. Hence, it is crucial to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms associated with the onset and advancement of stroke in order to establish a theoretical foundation for novel preventive and therapeutic approaches. NF-κB, also known as nuclear factor κB, is a transcription factor responsible for controlling the expression of numerous genes and plays a crucial role in diverse physiological processes. NF-κB is triggered and regulates neuroinflammation and other processes after stroke, promoting the generation of cytokine storms and contributing to the advancement of ischemic stroke (IS). Therefore, NF-κB could potentially play a vital role in stroke by regulating diverse pathophysiological processes. This review provides an overview of the functions of NF-κB in stroke and its governing mechanisms. In addition, our attention is directed towards various potential therapies that aim to inhibit the NF-κB signaling pathway in order to offer valuable insights for the advancement of innovative treatment approaches for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Fang Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding 071000, PR China
| | - Zi-Xuan Tan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Mingcheng Lei
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Lina Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China
| | - Di Wen
- College of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China; Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050017, PR China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050051, PR China.
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Rajan RK, Kumar RP, Ramanathan M. Piceatannol improved cerebral blood flow and attenuated JNK3 and mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in a global ischemic model to produce neuroprotection. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:479-496. [PMID: 37470802 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02616-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The only FDA-approved treatment is recanalization with systemic tissue plasminogen activators like alteplase, although reperfusion caused by recanalization can result in neuroinflammation, which can cause brain cell apoptosis. Therefore, after an ischemic/reperfusion injury, interventions are needed to minimize the neuroinflammatory cascade. In the present study, piceatannol (PCT) was studied for its neuroprotective efficacy in a rat model of global ischemic injury by attenuating c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) downstream signaling. PCT is a resveratrol analog and a polyphenolic stilbenoid naturally occurring in passion fruit and grapes. The neuroprotective efficacy of PCT (1, 5, 10 mg/kg) in ischemic conditions was assessed through pre- and post-treatment. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) and tests for functional recovery were assessed. Protein and gene expression were done for JNK3 and other inflammatory markers. A docking study was performed to identify the amino acid interaction. The results showed that PCT improved motor and memory function as measured by a functional recovery test believed to be due to an increase in cerebral blood flow. Also, the caspase signaling which promotes apoptosis was found to be down-regulated; however, nitric oxide synthase expression was up-regulated, which could explain the enhanced cerebral blood flow (CBF). According to our findings, PCT impeded c-Jun N-terminal kinase 3 (JNK3) signaling by suppressing phosphorylation and disrupting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, which resulted in the neuroprotective effect. Molecular docking analysis was performed to investigate the atomic-level interaction of JNK3 and PCT, which reveals that Met149, Leu206, and Lys93 amino acid residues are critical for the interaction of PCT and JNK3. According to our current research, JNK3 downstream signaling and the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway are both inhibited by PCT, which results in neuroprotection under conditions of global brain ischemia. Piceatannol attenuated JNK3 phosphorylation during the ischemic condition and prevented neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar Rajan
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, 641004, Tamilnadu, India.
- Department of Pharmacology, Girijananda Chowdhury Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Girijananda Chowdhury University, Dekargaon, Tezpur, 784501, Assam, India.
| | - Ram Pravin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, 641004, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Ramanathan
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, 641004, Tamilnadu, India
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14
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Wu J, Jia J, Ji D, Jiao W, Huang Z, Zhang Y. Advances in nitric oxide regulators for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115912. [PMID: 37931330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a life-threatening disease worldwide. Nitric oxide (NO) derived from l-arginine catalyzed by NO synthase (NOS) is closely associated with IS. Three isomers of NOS (nNOS, eNOS and iNOS) produce different concentrations of NO, resulting in quite unlike effects during IS. Of them, n/iNOSs generate high levels of NO, detrimental to brain by causing nerve cell apoptosis and/or necrosis, whereas eNOS releases small amounts of NO, beneficial to the brain via increasing cerebral blood flow and improving nerve function. As a result, a large variety of NO regulators (NO donors or n/iNOS inhibitors) have been developed for fighting IS. Regrettably, up to now, no review systematically introduces the progresses in this area. This article first outlines dynamic variation rule of NOS/NO in IS, subsequently highlights advances in NO regulators against IS, and finally presents perspectives based on concentration-, site- and timing-effects of NO production to promote this field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jian Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; Novel Technology Center of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry Co., Ltd., China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Duorui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Weijie Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhangjian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Yihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery for Metabolic Diseases, Center of Drug Discovery, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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15
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Doskas T, Dardiotis E, Vavougios GD, Ntoskas KT, Sionidou P, Vadikolias K. Stroke risk in multiple sclerosis: a critical appraisal of the literature. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:1132-1152. [PMID: 35369835 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2022.2056459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Observational studies suggest that the occurrence of stroke on multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is higher compared to the general population. MS is a heterogeneous disease that involves an interplay of genetic, environmental and immune factors. The occurrence of stroke is subject to a wide range of both modifiable and non-modifiable, short- and long-term risk factors. Both MS and stroke share common risk factors. The immune mechanisms that underlie stroke are similar to neurodegenerative diseases and are attributed to neuroinflammation. The inflammation in autoimmune diseases may, therefore, predispose to an increased risk for stroke or potentiate the effect of conventional stroke risk factors. There are, however, additional determinants that contribute to a higher risk and incidence of stroke in MS. Due to the challenges that are associated with their differential diagnosis, the objective is to present an overview of the factors that may contribute to increased susceptibility or occurrence of stroke in MSpatients by performing a review of the available to date literature. As both MS and stroke can individually detrimentally affect the quality of life of afflicted patients, the identification of factors that contribute to an increased risk for stroke in MS is crucial for the prompt implementation of preventative therapeutic measures to limit the additive burden that stroke imposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Triantafyllos Doskas
- Department of Neurology, Athens Naval Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Efthimios Dardiotis
- Department of Neurology, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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16
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Andrianov VV, Kulchitsky VA, Yafarova GG, Bazan LV, Bogodvid TK, Deryabina IB, Muranova LN, Silantyeva DI, Arslanov AI, Paveliev MN, Fedorova EV, Filipovich TA, Nagibov AV, Gainutdinov KL. Investigation of NO Role in Neural Tissue in Brain and Spinal Cord Injury. Molecules 2023; 28:7359. [PMID: 37959778 PMCID: PMC10650517 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) production in injured and intact brain regions was compared by EPR spectroscopy in a model of brain and spinal cord injury in Wistar rats. The precentral gyrus of the brain was injured, followed by the spinal cord at the level of the first lumbar vertebra. Seven days after brain injury, a reduction in NO content of 84% in injured brain regions and 66% in intact brain regions was found. The difference in NO production in injured and uninjured brain regions persisted 7 days after injury. The copper content in the brain remained unchanged one week after modeling of brain and spinal cord injury. The data obtained in the experiments help to explain the problems in the therapy of patients with combined brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viacheslav V. Andrianov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (V.V.A.); (G.G.Y.); (L.V.B.)
- Department of Human and Animals, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (T.K.B.); (I.B.D.); (L.N.M.); (D.I.S.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Vladimir A. Kulchitsky
- Brain Center, Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, 220012 Minsk, Belarus; (V.A.K.); (E.V.F.); (T.A.F.); (A.V.N.)
| | - Guzel G. Yafarova
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (V.V.A.); (G.G.Y.); (L.V.B.)
- Department of Human and Animals, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (T.K.B.); (I.B.D.); (L.N.M.); (D.I.S.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Leah V. Bazan
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (V.V.A.); (G.G.Y.); (L.V.B.)
| | - Tatiana K. Bogodvid
- Department of Human and Animals, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (T.K.B.); (I.B.D.); (L.N.M.); (D.I.S.); (A.I.A.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Volga Region State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Tourism, 420000 Kazan, Russia
| | - Irina B. Deryabina
- Department of Human and Animals, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (T.K.B.); (I.B.D.); (L.N.M.); (D.I.S.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Lyudmila N. Muranova
- Department of Human and Animals, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (T.K.B.); (I.B.D.); (L.N.M.); (D.I.S.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Dinara I. Silantyeva
- Department of Human and Animals, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (T.K.B.); (I.B.D.); (L.N.M.); (D.I.S.); (A.I.A.)
| | - Almaz I. Arslanov
- Department of Human and Animals, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (T.K.B.); (I.B.D.); (L.N.M.); (D.I.S.); (A.I.A.)
| | | | - Ekaterina V. Fedorova
- Brain Center, Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, 220012 Minsk, Belarus; (V.A.K.); (E.V.F.); (T.A.F.); (A.V.N.)
| | - Tatiana A. Filipovich
- Brain Center, Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, 220012 Minsk, Belarus; (V.A.K.); (E.V.F.); (T.A.F.); (A.V.N.)
| | - Aleksei V. Nagibov
- Brain Center, Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences, 220012 Minsk, Belarus; (V.A.K.); (E.V.F.); (T.A.F.); (A.V.N.)
| | - Khalil L. Gainutdinov
- Zavoisky Physical-Technical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (V.V.A.); (G.G.Y.); (L.V.B.)
- Department of Human and Animals, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 420000 Kazan, Russia; (T.K.B.); (I.B.D.); (L.N.M.); (D.I.S.); (A.I.A.)
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17
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Novorolsky RJ, Kasheke GDS, Hakim A, Foldvari M, Dorighello GG, Sekler I, Vuligonda V, Sanders ME, Renden RB, Wilson JJ, Robertson GS. Preserving and enhancing mitochondrial function after stroke to protect and repair the neurovascular unit: novel opportunities for nanoparticle-based drug delivery. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1226630. [PMID: 37484823 PMCID: PMC10360135 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1226630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) is composed of vascular cells, glia, and neurons that form the basic component of the blood brain barrier. This intricate structure rapidly adjusts cerebral blood flow to match the metabolic needs of brain activity. However, the NVU is exquisitely sensitive to damage and displays limited repair after a stroke. To effectively treat stroke, it is therefore considered crucial to both protect and repair the NVU. Mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) uptake supports NVU function by buffering Ca2+ and stimulating energy production. However, excessive mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake causes toxic mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading that triggers numerous cell death pathways which destroy the NVU. Mitochondrial damage is one of the earliest pathological events in stroke. Drugs that preserve mitochondrial integrity and function should therefore confer profound NVU protection by blocking the initiation of numerous injury events. We have shown that mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake and efflux in the brain are mediated by the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter complex (MCUcx) and sodium/Ca2+/lithium exchanger (NCLX), respectively. Moreover, our recent pharmacological studies have demonstrated that MCUcx inhibition and NCLX activation suppress ischemic and excitotoxic neuronal cell death by blocking mitochondrial Ca2+ overloading. These findings suggest that combining MCUcx inhibition with NCLX activation should markedly protect the NVU. In terms of promoting NVU repair, nuclear hormone receptor activation is a promising approach. Retinoid X receptor (RXR) and thyroid hormone receptor (TR) agonists activate complementary transcriptional programs that stimulate mitochondrial biogenesis, suppress inflammation, and enhance the production of new vascular cells, glia, and neurons. RXR and TR agonism should thus further improve the clinical benefits of MCUcx inhibition and NCLX activation by increasing NVU repair. However, drugs that either inhibit the MCUcx, or stimulate the NCLX, or activate the RXR or TR, suffer from adverse effects caused by undesired actions on healthy tissues. To overcome this problem, we describe the use of nanoparticle drug formulations that preferentially target metabolically compromised and damaged NVUs after an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. These nanoparticle-based approaches have the potential to improve clinical safety and efficacy by maximizing drug delivery to diseased NVUs and minimizing drug exposure in healthy brain and peripheral tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn J. Novorolsky
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Gracious D. S. Kasheke
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Antoine Hakim
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Marianna Foldvari
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Gabriel G. Dorighello
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Israel Sekler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beersheva, Israel
| | | | | | - Robert B. Renden
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, United States
| | - Justin J. Wilson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - George S. Robertson
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Brain Repair Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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18
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Keller K, Haghi SHR, Hahad O, Schmidtmann I, Chowdhury S, Lelieveld J, Münzel T, Hobohm L. Air pollution impacts on in-hospital case-fatality rate of ischemic stroke patients. Thromb Res 2023; 225:116-125. [PMID: 36990953 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests that air pollution exposure is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. Data regarding the impact of long-term air pollution exposure on ischemic stroke mortality are sparse. METHODS The German nationwide inpatient sample was used to analyse all cases of hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke in Germany 2015-2019, which were stratified according to their residency. Data of the German Federal Environmental Agency regarding average values of air pollutants were assessed from 2015 to 2019 at district-level. Data were combined and the impact of different air pollution parameters on in-hospital case-fatality was analyzed. RESULTS Overall, 1,505,496 hospitalizations of patients with ischemic stroke (47.7% females; 67.4 % ≥70 years old) were counted in Germany 2015-2019, of whom 8.2 % died during hospitalization. When comparing patients with residency in federal districts with high vs. low long-term air pollution, enhanced levels of benzene (OR 1.082 [95%CI 1.034-1.132],P = 0.001), ozone (O3, OR 1.123 [95%CI 1.070-1.178],P < 0.001), nitric oxide (NO, OR 1.076 [95%CI 1.027-1.127],P = 0.002) and PM2.5 fine particulate matter concentrations (OR 1.126 [95%CI 1.074-1.180],P < 0.001) were significantly associated with increased case-fatality independent from age, sex, cardiovascular risk-factors, comorbidities, and revascularization treatments. Conversely, enhanced carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, PM10, and sulphur dioxide (SO2) concentrations were not significantly associated with stroke mortality. However, SO2-concentrations were significantly associated with stroke-case-fatality rate of >8 % independent of residence area-type and area use (OR 1.518 [95%CI 1.012-2.278],P = 0.044). CONCLUSION Elevated long-term air pollution levels in residential areas in Germany, notably of benzene, O3, NO, SO2, and PM2.5, were associated with increased stroke mortality of patients. RESEARCH IN CONTEXT Evidence before this study: Besides typical, established risk factors, increasing evidence suggests that air pollution is an important and growing risk factor for stroke events, estimated to be responsible for approximately 14 % of all stroke-associated deaths. However, real-world data regarding the impact of long-term exposure to air pollution on stroke mortality are sparse. Added value of this study: The present study demonstrates that the long-term exposure to the air pollutants benzene, O3, NO, SO2 and PM2.5 are independently associated with increased case-fatality of hospitalized patients with ischemic stroke in Germany. Implications of all the available evidence: The results of our study support the urgent need to reduce the exposure to air pollution by tightening emission controls to reduce the stroke burden and stroke mortality.
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19
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Thapa K, Shivam K, Khan H, Kaur A, Dua K, Singh S, Singh TG. Emerging Targets for Modulation of Immune Response and Inflammation in Stroke. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1663-1690. [PMID: 36763312 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03875-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory and immunological responses play a significant role after stroke. The innate immune activation stimulated by microglia during stroke results in the migration of macrophages and lymphocytes into the brain and are responsible for tissue damage. The immune response and inflammation following stroke have no defined targets, and the intricacies of the immunological and inflammatory processes are only partially understood. Innate immune cells enter the brain and meninges during the acute phase, which can cause ischemia damage. Activation of systemic immunity is caused by danger signals sent into the bloodstream by injured brain cells, which is followed by a significant immunodepression that encourages life-threatening infections. Neuropsychiatric sequelae, a major source of post-stroke morbidity, may be induced by an adaptive immune response that is initiated by antigen presentation during the chronic period and is directed against the brain. Thus, the current review discusses the role of immune response and inflammation in stroke pathogenesis, their role in the progression of injury during the stroke, and the emerging targets for the modulation of the mechanism of immune response and inflammation that may have possible therapeutic benefits against stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Komal Thapa
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.,School of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Himachal Pradesh, 174103, India
| | - Kumar Shivam
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2007, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Australian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar - Delhi G.T. Road, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
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20
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Maes M, Brinholi FF, Michelin AP, Matsumoto AK, de Oliveira Semeão L, Almulla AF, Supasitthumrong T, Tunvirachaisakul C, Barbosa DS. In Mild and Moderate Acute Ischemic Stroke, Increased Lipid Peroxidation and Lowered Antioxidant Defenses Are Strongly Associated with Disabilities and Final Stroke Core Volume. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:188. [PMID: 36671047 PMCID: PMC9854933 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In acute ischemic stroke (AIS), there are no data on whether oxidative stress biomarkers have effects above and beyond known risk factors and measurements of stroke volume. This study was conducted in 122 mild-moderate AIS patients and 40 controls and assessed the modified ranking scale (mRS) at baseline, and 3 and 6 months later. We measured lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activities and PON1 Q192R genotypes, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), sulfhydryl (-SH) groups), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) stroke volume and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal intensity. We found that (a) AIS is characterized by lower chloromethyl acetate CMPAase PON1 activity, HDL and -SH groups and increased LOOH and neurotoxicity (a composite of LOOH, inflammatory markers and glycated hemoglobin); (b) oxidative and antioxidant biomarkers strongly and independently predict mRS scores 3 and 6 months later, DWI stroke volume and FLAIR signal intensity; and (c) the PON1 Q192R variant has multiple effects on stroke outcomes that are mediated by its effects on antioxidant defenses and lipid peroxidation. Lipid peroxidation and lowered -SH and PON1-HDL activity are drug targets to prevent AIS and consequent neurodegenerative processes and increased oxidative reperfusion mediators due to ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Rd., Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Cognitive Fitness and Technology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Research Institute, Medical University Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Deakin University, IMPACT-the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Francis F. Brinholi
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Michelin
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Andressa K. Matsumoto
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Laura de Oliveira Semeão
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
| | - Abbas F. Almulla
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Thitiporn Supasitthumrong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Rd., Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chavit Tunvirachaisakul
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, 1873 Rama 4 Rd., Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Decio S. Barbosa
- Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, PR, Brazil
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21
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Dwita LP, Iwo MI, Mauludin R, Elfahmi. Neuroprotective potential of lignan-rich fraction of Piper cubeba L. by improving antioxidant capacity in the rat's brain. BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 82:e266573. [PMID: 36629543 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.266573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Piper cubeba contains various types of lignans. These compounds have been found to have potential pharmacological activities, one being a neuroprotector through an antioxidant mechanism, especially in the brain. This study examined the antioxidant activity of the lignan-rich fraction of P. cubeba (LF) in rat brains. The rats were given LF (200 and 400 mg/kg), Vitamin C (200 mg/kg), and a carrier as the control group for one-week p.o. The following day, rat brains were collected for antioxidant tests, including examining lipid peroxide inhibition, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and determination of nitric oxide (NO) concentration. The phytochemical compounds were analyzed with thin-layer chromatography (TLC), ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Test results show that the LF of both doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg could significantly increase antioxidant activity in the brain by inhibiting lipid peroxidation. LF could also increase catalase, despite the decrease in superoxide dismutase activity. Reduction in NO only occurred in the LF-200 group, while LF-400 showed insignificant results compared to the control group. In conclusion, LF showed potential as an antioxidant in the brain and could be beneficial for treating neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Dwita
- Institut Teknologi Bandung, School of Pharmacy, Jawa Barat, Indonesia.,Universitas Muhammadiyah Prof. DR. HAMKA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Science, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - M I Iwo
- Institut Teknologi Bandung, School of Pharmacy, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - R Mauludin
- Institut Teknologi Bandung, School of Pharmacy, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Elfahmi
- Institut Teknologi Bandung, School of Pharmacy, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
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22
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Toh EMS, Joseph Ravi PR, Ming C, Lim AYL, Sia CH, Chan BPL, Sharma VK, Ng CH, Tan EXX, Yeo LLL, Huang DQ, Muthiah MD, Tan BYQ. Risk of Liver Fibrosis Is Associated with More Severe Strokes, Increased Complications with Thrombolysis, and Mortality. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12010356. [PMID: 36615156 PMCID: PMC9821417 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fibrosis (FIB)-4 index is an established non-invasive test to detect liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis is postulated to be one of the predictors of the risk of symptomatic Intracranial Haemorrhage (SICH) after intravenous tissue plasminogen activator (IV tPA) therapy, the mainstay of treatment following acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, SICH is a feared complication of thrombolytic therapy. We aimed to evaluate the association of FIB-4 with outcomes of AIS after IV tPA. Consecutive AIS patients receiving IV tPA from 2006 to 2018 at a single stroke centre were studied in a retrospective cohort study. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression was performed to assess associations of FIB-4 with outcomes. The primary outcome was SICH, and secondary outcomes included functional independence (mRS of 0−2) and mortality measured at 90 days. Among 887 patients (median age: 67 (IQR: 57−77)), 342 had FIB-4 < 1.3 and 161 had FIB-4 > 2.67. A greater proportion of moderate to severe strokes (NIHSS ≥10) occurred in the FIB-4 > 2.67 group (n = 142, 88.8%) compared to the FIB-4 < 1.3 group (n = 208, 61.2%). Amongst the different stroke subtypes, median FIB-4 was highest in cardioembolic stroke (CES) compared to the 3 other non-CES stroke subtypes (1.90 (IQR: 1.41−2.69)). Following IV tPA, having FIB-4 > 2.67 was associated with an increased rate of SICH (adjusted OR: 4.09, 95% CI: 1.04−16.16, p = 0.045) and increased mortality (adjusted OR 3.05, 95% CI: 1.28−7.26, p = 0.012). Advanced liver fibrosis was associated with an increased rate of SICH and increased 90-day mortality after IV tPA. The FIB-4 score may be useful for prognostication after IV tPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma M. S. Toh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | | | - Chua Ming
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Amanda Y. L. Lim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Ching-Hui Sia
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Bernard P. L. Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Vijay K. Sharma
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Eunice X. X. Tan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Leonard L. L. Yeo
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Daniel Q. Huang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Mark D. Muthiah
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6779-5555
| | - Benjamin Y. Q. Tan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
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23
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Kashiwagi S, Morita A, Yokomizo S, Ogawa E, Komai E, Huang PL, Bragin DE, Atochin DN. Photobiomodulation and nitric oxide signaling. Nitric Oxide 2023; 130:58-68. [PMID: 36462596 PMCID: PMC9808891 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a well-known gaseous mediator that maintains vascular homeostasis. Extensive evidence supports that a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction, which leads to cardiovascular diseases, is endothelial NO deficiency. Thus, restoring endothelial NO represents a promising approach to treating cardiovascular complications. Despite many therapeutic agents having been shown to augment NO bioavailability under various pathological conditions, success in resulting clinical trials has remained elusive. There is solid evidence of diverse beneficial effects of the treatment with low-power near-infrared (NIR) light, defined as photobiomodulation (PBM). Although the precise mechanisms of action of PBM are still elusive, recent studies consistently report that PBM improves endothelial dysfunction via increasing bioavailable NO in a dose-dependent manner and open a feasible path to the use of PBM for treating cardiovascular diseases via augmenting NO bioavailability. In particular, the use of NIR light in the NIR-II window (1000-1700 nm) for PBM, which has reduced scattering and minimal tissue absorption with the largest penetration depth, is emerging as a promising therapy. In this review, we update recent findings on PBM and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kashiwagi
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
| | - Atsuyo Morita
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Shinya Yokomizo
- Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA; Department of Radiological Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 7-2-10 Higashi-Ogu, Arakawa, Tokyo, 116-8551, Japan
| | - Emiyu Ogawa
- School of Allied Health Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato Minami-ku Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eri Komai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Paul L Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Denis E Bragin
- Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, 2425 Ridgecrest Dr. SE, Albuquerque, NM, 87108, USA; Department of Neurology, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, MSC08 4720, 1 UNM, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - Dmitriy N Atochin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA, 02129, USA.
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24
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Oxidative Stress and Intracranial Hypertension after Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122423. [PMID: 36552631 PMCID: PMC9774559 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intracranial hypertension is a common phenomenon in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) plays an important role in early brain injuries and is associated with unfavorable outcomes. Despite advances in the management of aSAH, there is no consensus about the mechanisms involved in ICP increases after aSAH. Recently, a growing body of evidence suggests that oxidative stress (OS) may play a crucial role in physio-pathological changes following aSAH, which may also contribute to increased ICP. Herein, we discuss a potential relation between increased ICP and OS, and resultantly propose antioxidant mechanisms as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of ICP elevation following aSAH.
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25
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Rao NL, Kotian GB, Shetty JK, Shelley BP, Dmello MK, Lobo EC, Shankar SP, Almeida SD, Shah SR. Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Product, Organ Crosstalk, and Pathomechanism Targets for Comprehensive Molecular Therapeutics in Diabetic Ischemic Stroke. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1712. [PMID: 36421725 PMCID: PMC9687999 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus, a well-established risk factor for stroke, is related to higher mortality and poorer outcomes following the stroke event. Advanced glycation end products(AGEs), their receptors RAGEs, other ligands, and several other processes contribute to the cerebrovascular pathomechanism interaction in the diabetes-ischemic stroke combination. Critical reappraisal of molecular targets and therapeutic agents to mitigate them is required to identify key elements for therapeutic interventions that may improve patient outcomes. This scoping review maps evidence on the key roles of AGEs, RAGEs, other ligands such as Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) nuclear protein, brain-kidney-muscle crosstalk, alternate pathomechanisms in neurodegeneration, and cognitive decline related to diabetic ischemic stroke. RAGE, HMGB1, nitric oxide, and polyamine mechanisms are important therapeutic targets, inflicting common consequences of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Experimental findings on a number of existing-emerging therapeutic agents and natural compounds against key targets are promising. The lack of large clinical trials with adequate follow-up periods is a gap that requires addressing to validate the emerging therapeutic agents. Five therapeutic components, which include agents to mitigate the AGE-RAGE axis, improved biomarkers for risk stratification, better renal dysfunction management, adjunctive anti-inflammatory-antioxidant therapies, and innovative neuromuscular stimulation for rehabilitation, are identified. A comprehensive therapeutic strategy that features all the identified components is needed for outcome improvement in diabetic stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita L Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Greeshma B Kotian
- Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Jeevan K Shetty
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland Medical University of Bahrain, Muharraq 228, Bahrain
| | - Bhaskara P Shelley
- Department of Neurology, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Mackwin Kenwood Dmello
- Department of Public Health, KS Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Eric C Lobo
- Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Suchetha Padar Shankar
- College of Physiotherapy, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore 560111, Karnataka, India
| | - Shellette D Almeida
- School of Physiotherapy, D. Y. Patil (Deemed to be University), Navi Mumbai 400706, Maharashtra, India
| | - Saiqa R Shah
- Department of Biochemistry, Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (deemed to be University), Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
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Neuroprotective Effects of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition and Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Activation in Mouse Model of Transient Global Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion. Neuromolecular Med 2022:10.1007/s12017-022-08728-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12017-022-08728-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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27
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GÜLER Ö, TUĞAN YILDIZ B, HAKKOYMAZ H, AYDIN S, YARDIM M. Levels of Serum and Urine Catecholaminergic and Apelinergic System Members in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients. KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNIVERSITESI TIP FAKÜLTESI DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.17517/ksutfd.1168625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To compare levels of catecholaminergic system members, renalase, cerebellin, and their substrates, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine, and apelinergic system members, apelin, elabela, and nitric oxide in the blood and urine of patients with acute ischemic stroke and healthy controls.
Materials and Methods: 42 patients with acute ischemic stroke and 42 age and sex-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Blood and urine samples were collected simultaneously and within the first 24 hours after the onset of acute stroke clinical manifestations and were measured using an ELISA method.
Results: The levels of serum and urine cerebellin, renalase, epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, apelin, elebela, and nitric oxide were similar in ischemic stroke and in control groups (P>0.05). Strong correlations were found between renalase, cerebellin, and catecholamine levels in serum and urine (p
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Puleo MG, Miceli S, Di Chiara T, Pizzo GM, Della Corte V, Simonetta I, Pinto A, Tuttolomondo A. Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammasome in Ischemic Stroke Pathogenesis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1168. [PMID: 36297283 PMCID: PMC9612213 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (also called cerebral ischemia) is one of the leading causes of death and severe disability worldwide. NLR inflammasomes play a crucial role in sensing cell damage in response to a harmful stimuli and modulating the inflammatory response, promoting the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-18 and IL-1β following ischemic injury. Therefore, a neuroprotective effect is achieved by inhibiting the expression, assembly, and secretion of inflammasomes, thus limiting the extent of brain detriment and neurological sequelae. This review aims to illustrate the molecular characteristics, expression levels, and assembly of NLRP3 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor [NLR] family pyrin-domain-containing 3) inflammasome, the most studied in the literature, in order to discover promising therapeutic implications. In addition, we provide some information regarding the contribution of NLRP1, NLRP2, and NLRC4 inflammasomes to ischemic stroke pathogenesis, highlighting potential therapeutic strategies that require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonino Tuttolomondo
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Piazza delle Cliniche n.2, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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29
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Pathophysiology of Ischemic Stroke: Noncoding RNA Role in Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:5815843. [PMID: 36132228 PMCID: PMC9484962 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5815843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Stroke is a neurological disease that causes significant disability and death worldwide. Ischemic stroke accounts for 75% of all strokes. The pathophysiological processes underlying ischemic stroke include oxidative stress, the toxicity of excitatory amino acids, ion disorder, enhanced apoptosis, and inflammation. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) may have a vital role in regulating the pathophysiological processes of ischemic stroke, as confirmed by the altered expression of ncRNAs in blood samples from acute ischemic stroke patients, animal models, and oxygen-glucose-deprived (OGD) cell models. Due to specific changes in expression, ncRNAs can potentially be biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of ischemic stroke. As an important brain cell component, glial cells mediate the occurrence and progression of oxidative stress after ischemic stroke, and ncRNAs are an irreplaceable part of this mechanism. This review highlights the impact of ncRNAs in the oxidative stress process of ischemic stroke. It focuses on specific ncRNAs that underlie the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and have potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Hu X, Wang Y, Du W, Liang LJ, Wang W, Jin X. Role of Glial Cell-Derived Oxidative Stress in Blood-Brain Barrier Damage after Acute Ischemic Stroke. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7762078. [PMID: 36092167 PMCID: PMC9463007 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7762078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is mainly maintained by endothelial cells and basement membrane and could be regulated by pericytes, neurons, and glial cells including astrocytes, microglia, oligodendrocytes (OLs), and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). BBB damage is the main pathological basis of hemorrhage transformation (HT) and vasogenic edema after stroke. In addition, BBB damage-induced HT and vasogenic edema will aggravate the secondary brain tissue damage. Of note, after reperfusion, oxidative stress-initiated cascade plays a critical role in the BBB damage after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Although endothelial cells are the target of oxidative stress, the role of glial cell-derived oxidative stress in BBB damage after AIS also should receive more attention. In the current review, we first introduce the physiology and pathophysiology of the BBB, then we summarize the possible mechanisms related to BBB damage after AIS. We aim to characterize the role of glial cell-derived oxidative stress in BBB damage after AIS and discuss the role of oxidative stress in astrocytes, microglia cells and oligodendrocytes in after AIS, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Hu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Jiaxing City, Jiaxing, 314000 Zhejiang, China
| | - Weihong Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li-Jun Liang
- Children's Hospital of Shanxi Province, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinchun Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Zhang L, Lyu Q, Zhou W, Li X, Ni Q, Jiang S, Shi G. High systemic immune-inflammation index is associated with carotid plaque vulnerability: New findings based on carotid ultrasound imaging in patients with acute ischemic stroke. Front Neurol 2022; 13:959531. [PMID: 36158955 PMCID: PMC9505015 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.959531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vulnerable carotid plaque is closely related to the occurrence of Ischemic stroke. Therefore, accurate and rapid identification of the nature of carotid plaques is essential. AS is a chronic immune inflammatory process. Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a novel index of immune inflammation obtained from routine whole blood cell count analysis, which comprehensively reflects the state of inflammation and immune balance in the body. This study sought to explore the relationship between SII level and carotid plaque vulnerability, plaque composition characteristics, and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) severity. A total of 131 patients diagnosed with AIS presenting with a carotid atherosclerotic plaque were enrolled in this study. Using carotid ultrasound (CDU) to assess the carotid-responsible plaque properties, we divided the patients into stable plaques group and vulnerable plaques group, and analyzed the correlation between SII levels and plaque vulnerability. And we further analyzed to evaluate the correlation between high SII levels and plaque characteristics and AIS severity. In addition, Cohen's Kappa statistics was used to detect the consistency of Carotid ultrasound (US) and cervical High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HRMRI) in evaluating plaque vulnerability. The findings showed that the vulnerable group had higher levels of SII compared with the stable group. The high SII group had more vulnerable plaques and a high frequency of plaque fibrous cap rupture compared with the low SII group. Logistic analysis showed that a high SII level was an independent risk factor for vulnerable plaques (odds ratio [OR] = 2.242) and plaque fibrous cap rupture (OR=3.462). The results also showed a high consistency between Carotid US and HRMRI methods in the assessment of plaque vulnerability [Cohen's kappa value was 0.89 (95% CI = 0.78-0.97)] and the level of SII was positively associated with NIHSS score (r = 0.473, P < 0.001). Our study suggests that elevated levels of SII may have adverse effects on the vulnerability of carotid plaques, especially in stroke patients with vulnerable plaques with ruptured fibrous caps, which may aggravate the severity of AIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlian Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Qi Lyu
- Department of Ultrasound, Taizhou People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Wenyan Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of General Practice Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu Medical Vocational College, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
| | - Qinggan Ni
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, China
| | - Guofu Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu Medical Vocational College, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University Yancheng Third People's Hospital, Yancheng, China
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Hassan S, Schreib CC, Zhao X, Duret G, Roman DS, Nair V, Cohen-Karni T, Veiseh O, Robinson JT. Real-Time In Vivo Sensing of Nitric Oxide Using Photonic Microring Resonators. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2253-2261. [PMID: 35938877 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Real-time in vivo detection of biomarkers, particularly nitric oxide (NO), is of utmost importance for critical healthcare monitoring, therapeutic dosing, and fundamental understanding of NO's role in regulating many physiological processes. However, detection of NO in a biological medium is challenging due to its short lifetime and low concentration. Here, we demonstrate for the first time that photonic microring resonators (MRRs) can provide real-time, direct, and in vivo detection of NO in a mouse wound model. The MRR encodes the NO concentration information into its transfer function in the form of a resonance wavelength shift. We show that these functionalized MRRs, fabricated using complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible processes, can achieve sensitive detection of NO (sub-μM) with excellent specificity and no apparent performance degradation for more than 24 h of operation in biological medium. With alternative functionalizations, this compact lab-on-chip optical sensing platform could support real-time in vivo detection of myriad of biochemical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakib Hassan
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Christian C Schreib
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Guillaume Duret
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Daniel S Roman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Vishnu Nair
- Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Tzahi Cohen-Karni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Omid Veiseh
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jacob T Robinson
- Electrical & Computer Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States.,Rice Neuroengineering Initiative, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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Signori D, Magliocca A, Hayashida K, Graw JA, Malhotra R, Bellani G, Berra L, Rezoagli E. Inhaled nitric oxide: role in the pathophysiology of cardio-cerebrovascular and respiratory diseases. Intensive Care Med Exp 2022; 10:28. [PMID: 35754072 PMCID: PMC9234017 DOI: 10.1186/s40635-022-00455-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a key molecule in the biology of human life. NO is involved in the physiology of organ viability and in the pathophysiology of organ dysfunction, respectively. In this narrative review, we aimed at elucidating the mechanisms behind the role of NO in the respiratory and cardio-cerebrovascular systems, in the presence of a healthy or dysfunctional endothelium. NO is a key player in maintaining multiorgan viability with adequate organ blood perfusion. We report on its physiological endogenous production and effects in the circulation and within the lungs, as well as the pathophysiological implication of its disturbances related to NO depletion and excess. The review covers from preclinical information about endogenous NO produced by nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to the potential therapeutic role of exogenous NO (inhaled nitric oxide, iNO). Moreover, the importance of NO in several clinical conditions in critically ill patients such as hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension, hemolysis, cerebrovascular events and ischemia-reperfusion syndrome is evaluated in preclinical and clinical settings. Accordingly, the mechanism behind the beneficial iNO treatment in hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension is investigated. Furthermore, investigating the pathophysiology of brain injury, cardiopulmonary bypass, and red blood cell and artificial hemoglobin transfusion provides a focus on the potential role of NO as a protective molecule in multiorgan dysfunction. Finally, the preclinical toxicology of iNO and the antimicrobial role of NO-including its recent investigation on its role against the Sars-CoV2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic-are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Signori
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Aurora Magliocca
- Department of Medical Physiopathology and Transplants, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Kei Hayashida
- Laboratory for Critical Care Physiology, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, North Shore University Hospital, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, NY, USA
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jan A Graw
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine, CCM/CVK Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- ARDS/ECMO Centrum Charité, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rajeev Malhotra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giacomo Bellani
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Berra
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Respiratory Care Department, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emanuele Rezoagli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy.
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy.
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Siracusa R, Voltarelli VA, Trovato Salinaro A, Modafferi S, Cuzzocrea S, Calabrese EJ, Di Paola R, Otterbein LE, Calabrese V. NO, CO and H 2S: A Trinacrium of Bioactive Gases in the Brain. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 202:115122. [PMID: 35679892 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen and carbon dioxide are time honored gases that have direct bearing on almost all life forms, but over the past thirty years, and in large part due to the Nobel Prize Award in Medicine for the elucidation of nitric oxide (NO) as a bioactive gas, the research and medical communities now recognize other gases as critical for survival. In addition to NO, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and carbon monoxide (CO) have emerged as a triumvirate or Trinacrium of gases with analogous importance and that serve important homeostatic functions. Perhaps, one of the most intriguing aspects of these gases is the functional interaction between them, which is intimately linked by the enzyme systems that produce them. Despite the need to better understand NO, H2S and CO biology, the notion that these are environmental pollutants remains ever present. For this reason, incorporating the concept of hormesis becomes imperative and must be included in discussions when considering developing new therapeutics that involve these gases. While there is now an enormous literature base for each of these gasotransmitters, we provide here an overview of their respective physiologic roles in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Siracusa
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Vanessa A Voltarelli
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Angela Trovato Salinaro
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Sergio Modafferi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Messina, 98166, Italy
| | - Edward J Calabrese
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Morrill I, N344, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Rosanna Di Paola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Messina, 98168, Messina, Italy
| | - Leo E Otterbein
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Vittorio Calabrese
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
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Zhu T, Wang L, Wang LP, Wan Q. Therapeutic targets of neuroprotection and neurorestoration in ischemic stroke: Applications for natural compounds from medicinal herbs. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 148:112719. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Gorick CM, Saucerman JJ, Price RJ. Computational model of brain endothelial cell signaling pathways predicts therapeutic targets for cerebral pathologies. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 164:17-28. [PMID: 34798125 PMCID: PMC8958390 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain endothelial cells serve many critical homeostatic functions. In addition to sensing and regulating blood flow, they maintain blood-brain barrier function, including precise control of nutrient exchange and efflux of xenobiotics. Many signaling pathways in brain endothelial cells have been implicated in both health and disease; however, our understanding of how these signaling pathways functionally integrate is limited. A model capable of integrating these signaling pathways could both advance our understanding of brain endothelial cell signaling networks and potentially identify promising molecular targets for endothelial cell-based drug or gene therapies. To this end, we developed a large-scale computational model, wherein brain endothelial cell signaling pathways were reconstructed from the literature and converted into a network of logic-based differential equations. The model integrates 63 nodes (including proteins, mRNA, small molecules, and cell phenotypes) and 82 reactions connecting these nodes. Specifically, our model combines signaling pathways relating to VEGF-A, BDNF, NGF, and Wnt signaling, in addition to incorporating pathways relating to focused ultrasound as a therapeutic delivery tool. To validate the model, independently established relationships between selected inputs and outputs were simulated, with the model yielding correct predictions 73% of the time. We identified influential and sensitive nodes under different physiological or pathological contexts, including altered brain endothelial cell conditions during glioma, Alzheimer's disease, and ischemic stroke. Nodes with the greatest influence over combinations of desired model outputs were identified as potential druggable targets for these disease conditions. For example, the model predicts therapeutic benefits from inhibiting AKT, Hif-1α, or cathepsin D in the context of glioma - each of which are currently being studied in clinical or pre-clinical trials. Notably, the model also permits testing multiple combinations of node alterations for their effects on the network and the desired outputs (such as inhibiting AKT and overexpressing the P75 neurotrophin receptor simultaneously in the context of glioma), allowing for the prediction of optimal combination therapies. In all, our approach integrates results from over 100 past studies into a coherent and powerful model, capable of both revealing network interactions unapparent from studying any one pathway in isolation and predicting therapeutic targets for treating devastating brain pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M. Gorick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jeffrey J. Saucerman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Corresponding authors at: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Box 800759, Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. (J.J. Saucerman), (R.J. Price)
| | - Richard J. Price
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Department of Radiology & Medical Imaging, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA,Corresponding authors at: Department of Biomedical Engineering, Box 800759, Health System, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA. (J.J. Saucerman), (R.J. Price)
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BEKER MÇ, BEKER M, ÇAĞLAYAN AB, BOLAT B, KILIÇ Ü, TORUN KÖSE G, KILIÇ E. Striatal dopaminergic neurons as a potential target for GDNF based ischemic stroke therapy. Turk J Med Sci 2022; 52:248-257. [PMID: 34773698 PMCID: PMC10734837 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2108-268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glial cell-line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is a well-known regulatory neurotrophic factor on dopaminergic neurons. Several pathologies have been documented so far in case of any impairment in the dopaminergic system. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective role of lentiviral GNDF delivery on the small population of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) positive dopamine producing striatal neurons after ischemic stroke. METHODS Fourteen C57BL/6J male mice (8-10 weeks) were intracerebrally treated with lentiviral GDNF (Lv-GDNF) or vehicle. Ten days after injections, cerebral ischemia was induced by blockage of the middle cerebral artery. Animals were terminated 72 h after ischemia, and their brains were taken for histological and molecular investigations. Following confirmation of GDNF overexpression, TH immunostaining and immunoblotting were used to evaluate the role of GDNF on dopaminergic neurons. Next, Fluro Jade C staining was implemented to examine the degree of neuronal degeneration at the damaged parenchyma. RESULTS Neither the amount of TH positive dopaminergic neurons nor the expression of TH changed in the Lv-GDNF treated animals comparing to the vehicle group. On the other hand, GDNF exposure caused a significant increase in the expression of Nurr1, an essential transcription factor for dopaminergic neurons and Gap43, growth and plasticity promoting protein, in the ischemic striatum. Treatment with Lv-GDNF gave rise to a significant reduction in the number of degenerated neurons. Finally, enhanced GDNF expression also induced expression of an important stress-related transcription factor NF-κB as well as the nitric oxide synthase enzymes iNOS and nNOS in the contralesional hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Çağlar BEKER
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, İstanbul,
Turkey
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul,
Turkey
| | - Merve BEKER
- Department of Medical Biology, Hamidiye International School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul,
Turkey
| | - Ahmet Burak ÇAĞLAYAN
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, İstanbul,
Turkey
- Regenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), İstanbul Medipol University, İstanbul,
Turkey
| | - Busenur BOLAT
- Department of Medical Biology, Institute of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul,
Turkey
| | - Ülkan KILIÇ
- Department of Medical Biology, Hamidiye School of Medicine, University of Health Sciences Turkey, İstanbul,
Turkey
| | - Gamze TORUN KÖSE
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, İstanbul,
Turkey
| | - Ertuğrul KILIÇ
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, İstanbul,
Turkey
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Geiger M, Hayter E, Martin R, Spence D. Red blood cells in type 1 diabetes and multiple sclerosis and technologies to measure their emerging roles. J Transl Autoimmun 2022; 5:100161. [PMID: 36039310 PMCID: PMC9418496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2022.100161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Geiger
- Institute of Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - E. Hayter
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - R.S. Martin
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA
| | - D. Spence
- Institute of Quantitative Health Sciences and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Corresponding author. 775 Woodlot Drive, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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Modifications of gene expression detected in peripheral blood after brain ischemia treated with remote postconditioning. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 49:477-485. [PMID: 34766231 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06899-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A stroke is an acute damage to a certain area of a nerve tissue of the brain. In developed countries, it ranks second among the most often causes of death and is also the leading cause of disability. Recent findings emphasize the significant neuroprotective effect of conditioning on the course and rate of recovery after ischemic attack; however the molecular mechanism of ischemic tolerance induced by conditioning is still not completely explored. METHODS AND RESULTS The purpose of this study is an identification of changes in gene expression induced by stimulation of reaction cascades after activation of the neuroprotective mechanism using an experimental rat model of global ischemia. The induction of neuroprotective cascades was stimulated by the application of early and delayed form of remote ischemic postconditioning. The quantitative qRT-PCR method was used to assess the rate of change in ADM, BDNF, CDKN1A, CREB, GADD45G, IL6, nNOS, and TM4SF1 gene expression levels 72 h after ischemic attack. The detected results confirm the neuroprotective effect of both forms of postconditioning. Participation of neuroprotection-related gene expression changes was observed once as an early one (CREB, GADD45G), once as a delayed one (ADM, IL6), or both (BDNF, CDKN1A, nNOS, TM4SF1) postconditioning forms, depending on the particular gene. CONCLUSIONS Our results characterize impact of ischemic tolerance on the molecular level. We predict ischemic tolerance to be consisted of complex combination of early and delayed remote postconditioning.
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Malard E, Valable S, Bernaudin M, Pérès E, Chatre L. The Reactive Species Interactome in the Brain. Antioxid Redox Signal 2021; 35:1176-1206. [PMID: 34498917 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2020.8238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Significance: Redox pioneer Helmut Sies attempted to explain reactive species' challenges faced by organelles, cells, tissues, and organs via three complementary definitions: (i) oxidative stress, that is, the disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant defense balance in favor of the prooxidants; (ii) oxidative eustress, the low physiological exposure to prooxidants; and (iii) oxidative distress, the supraphysiological exposure to prooxidants. Recent Advances: Identification, concentration, and interactions are the most important elements to improve our understanding of reactive species in physiology and pathology. In this context, the reactive species interactome (RSI) is a new multilevel redox regulatory system that identifies reactive species families, reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive sulfur species, and it integrates their interactions with their downstream biological targets. Critical Issues: We propose a united view to fully combine reactive species identification, oxidative eustress and distress, and the RSI system. In this view, we also propose including the forgotten reactive carbonyl species, an increasingly rediscovered reactive species family related to the other reactive families, and key enzymes within the RSI. We focus on brain physiology and pathology to demonstrate why this united view should be considered. Future Directions: More studies are needed for an improved understanding of the contributions of reactive species through their identification, concentration, and interactions, including in the brain. Appreciating the RSI in its entirety should unveil new molecular players and mechanisms in physiology and pathology in the brain and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise Malard
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Samuel Valable
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Elodie Pérès
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Chatre
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
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Diwan D, Vellimana AK, Aum DJ, Clarke J, Nelson JW, Lawrence M, Han BH, Gidday JM, Zipfel GJ. Sirtuin 1 Mediates Protection Against Delayed Cerebral Ischemia in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Response to Hypoxic Postconditioning. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e021113. [PMID: 34622677 PMCID: PMC8751859 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Many therapies designed to prevent delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and improve neurological outcome in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have failed, likely because of targeting only one element of what has proven to be a multifactorial disease. We previously demonstrated that initiating hypoxic conditioning before SAH (hypoxic preconditioning) provides powerful protection against DCI. Here, we expanded upon these findings to determine whether hypoxic conditioning delivered at clinically relevant time points after SAH (hypoxic postconditioning) provides similarly robust DCI protection. Methods and Results In this study, we found that hypoxic postconditioning (8% O2 for 2 hours) initiated 3 hours after SAH provides strong protection against cerebral vasospasm, microvessel thrombi, and neurological deficits. By pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of SIRT1 (sirtuin 1) using EX527 and global Sirt1-/- mice, respectively, we demonstrated that this multifaceted DCI protection is SIRT1 mediated. Moreover, genetic overexpression of SIRT1 using Sirt1-Tg mice, mimicked the DCI protection afforded by hypoxic postconditioning. Finally, we found that post-SAH administration of resveratrol attenuated cerebral vasospasm, microvessel thrombi, and neurological deficits, and did so in a SIRT1-dependent fashion. Conclusions The present study indicates that hypoxic postconditioning provides powerful DCI protection when initiated at clinically relevant time points, and that pharmacologic augmentation of SIRT1 activity after SAH can mimic this beneficial effect. We conclude that conditioning-based therapies administered after SAH hold translational promise for patients with SAH and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Diwan
- Department of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO
| | - Ananth K Vellimana
- Department of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO
| | - Diane J Aum
- Department of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO
| | - Julian Clarke
- Department of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO
| | - James W Nelson
- Department of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO
| | - Molly Lawrence
- Department of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO
| | - Byung Hee Han
- Department of Pharmacology A.T. Still University of Health SciencesKirksville College of Osteopathic Medicine Kirksville MO
| | - Jeffrey M Gidday
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Physiology, Biochemistry, and Neuroscience Louisiana State University New Orleans LA
| | - Gregory J Zipfel
- Department of Neurological Surgery Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO.,Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO
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Pathak P, Shukla P, Kanshana JS, Jagavelu K, Sangwan NS, Dwivedi AK, Dikshit M. Standardized root extract of Withania somnifera and Withanolide A exert moderate vasorelaxant effect in the rat aortic rings by enhancing nitric oxide generation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114296. [PMID: 34090907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNO-PHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, commonly known as Ashwagandha, belongs to the family Solanaceae. In Ayurveda, Ashwagandha has been defined as one of the most important herb and is considered to be the best adaptogen. It is also an excellent rejuvenator, a general health tonic and cure for various disorders such as cerebrovascular, insomnia, asthma, ulcers, etc. Steroidal lactones (Withanolides: Withanolide A, Withaferin A, Withanolide D, Withanone, etc) isolated from this plant, possess promising medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, immune-stimulatory etc. Standardized root extract of the plant NMITLI-118R (NM) was prepared at CSIR-CIMAP, and was investigated for various biological activities at CSIR-CDRI. Among the notable medicinal properties, NM exhibited excellent neuroprotective activity in the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model. AIM OF THE STUDY Endothelial dysfunction is the primary event in the cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disorders, present study was thus undertaken to evaluate vasoprotective potential of NM and its biomarker compound Withanolide A (WA) using rat aortic rings and EA.hy926 endothelial cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Transverse aortic rings of 10 weeks old Wistar rats were used to evaluate effect of NM and WA on the vasoreactivity. While, mechanism of NM and WA mediated vasorelaxant was investigated in Ea.hy926 cell line by measuring NO generation, nitrite content, Serine 1177 phosphorylation of eNOS, reduced/oxidized biopterin levels and expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA and protein. RESULTS Fingerprinting of NM using HPLC identified presence of WA in the extract. NM as well as WA exerted moderate vasorelaxant effect in the endothelium intact rat aortic rings which was lesser than acetylcholine (ACh). NM and WA augmented ACh induced relaxation in the rat aortic rings. NM and WA dependent vasorelaxation was blocked by N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or 1H-[1,2,4] oxadiazolo [4,3,-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), indicating role of NO/cGMP. Further Ea.hy926 cells treated with NM and WA showed accumulation of nitrite content, enhanced NO levels, eNOS expression and eNOS phosphorylation (Serine 1177). CONCLUSION Altogether NM and WA dependent improvement in the NO availability seems to be mediated by the enhanced eNOS phosphorylation. WA, seems to be one of the active constituent of NM, and presence of other vasoactive substances cannot be ruled out. The data obtained imply that the vasorelaxant property of NM is beneficial for its neuroprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Pathak
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi, 110001, India.
| | - Prachi Shukla
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| | - Jitendra S Kanshana
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| | - Kumaravelu Jagavelu
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| | - Neelam S Sangwan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow, 226015, India.
| | - Anil K Dwivedi
- Pharmaceutics Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India.
| | - Madhu Dikshit
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, India; Tanslational Health Science and Technology, Faridabad, 121001, India.
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Seyedaghamiri F, Mahmoudi J, Hosseini L, Sadigh-Eteghad S, Farhoudi M. Possible Engagement of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors in Pathophysiology of Brain Ischemia-Induced Cognitive Impairment. J Mol Neurosci 2021; 72:642-652. [PMID: 34596872 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-021-01917-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Post-stroke disabilities like cognitive impairment impose are complex conditions with great economic burdens on health care systems. For these comorbidities, no effective therapies have been identified yet. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are multifunctional receptors participating in various behavioral and neurobiological functions. During brain ischemia, the increased glutamate accumulation leads to neuronal excitotoxicity as well as mitochondrial dysfunction. These abnormalities then cause the increased levels of oxidants, which play key roles in neuronal death and apoptosis in the infarct zone. Additionally, recall of cytokines and inflammatory factors play a prominent role in the exacerbation of ischemic injury. As well, neurotrophic factors' insufficiency results in synaptic dysfunction and cognitive impairments in ischemic brain. Of note, nAChRs through various signaling pathways can participate in therapeutic approaches such as cholinergic system's stimulation, and reduction of excitotoxicity, inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and autophagy. Moreover, the possible roles of nAChRs in neurogenesis, synaptogenesis, and stimulation of neurotrophic factors expression have been reported previously. On the other hand, the majority of the above-mentioned mechanisms were found to be common in both brain ischemia pathogenesis and cognitive function tuning. Therefore, it seems that nAChRs might be known as key regulators in the control of ischemia pathology, and their modulation could be considered as a new avenue in the multi-target treatment of post-stroke cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Javad Mahmoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leila Hosseini
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Saeed Sadigh-Eteghad
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Farhoudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Moradi Z, Rabiei Z, Anjomshoa M, Amini-Farsani Z, Massahzadeh V, Asgharzade S. Neuroprotective effect of wild lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) on global cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats: Downregulation of iNOS/TNF-α and upregulation of miR-146a/miR-21 expression. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6428-6440. [PMID: 34580912 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the neuroprotective effect of wild lowbush blueberry on CIRI in rats. Accordingly, CIRI and reperfusion were induced in rats for 60 min and 24 h, respectively. Then, the mechanisms of the neuroprotective effects of BBE were investigated in the injury through evaluating miR-146a, miR-21, and their targets in a CIRI rat model. After that, the BBE (30, 60, and 120 mg/kg b.wt) was intraperitoneally injected for 14 days, then CIRI was induced by BCCAO for 60 min for ischemic stroke and reperfusion for 24 h. Several parameters including the oxidative stress levels in the hippocampus and serum were measured 24 h after the CIRI. The findings showed that the BBE significantly decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) and increased ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) levels in the hippocampus and serum following the stroke. The BBE also maximized the miR-146a and miR-21 expressions and moderated iNOS and TNF-α expressions in the hippocampus. Likewise, the BBE enlarged the CA1 and CA3 domains of the post-stroke pyramidal cell layers of the hippocampus. Overall, the results revealed that BBE had potent neuroprotective efficacy against CIRI via the effective modulation of neuroinflammatory cascades and protected neurons against ischemic death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Moradi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Rabiei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maryam Anjomshoa
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zeinab Amini-Farsani
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Vahid Massahzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Samira Asgharzade
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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Praveen Kumar P, D. M, Siva Sankar Reddy L, Dastagiri Reddy Y, Somasekhar G, Sirisha N, Nagaraju K, Shouib M, Rizwaan A. A new cerebral ischemic injury model in rats, preventive effect of gallic acid and in silico approaches. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5204-5213. [PMID: 34466098 PMCID: PMC8381014 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Current study was designed multiple occlusions and reperfusion of bilateral carotid arteries induced cerebral injury model and evaluated the protective effect of gallic acid on it. In silico study was involved to study gallic acid binding affinity on cerebrotonic proteins compared with standard drugs using Autodoc vina tool. Cerebral ischemia was induced by occlusion of bilateral common carotid arteries for 10 mins followed by 10 reperfusions (1 cycle), cycle was continued to 3 cycles (MO/RCA), then pathological changes were observed by estimation of brain antioxidants as superoxide dismutase, glutathione, catalase, oxidants like malonaldehyde, cerebral infarction area, histopathology, and study gallic acid treatment against cerebral injury. Gallic acid exhibited a strong binding affinity on targeted cerebrotoxic proteins. MO/RCA rat brain antioxidant levels were significantly decreased and increased MDA levels (p < 0.0001), Infarction size compared to sham rats. Gallic acid treatment rat brain MDA levels significantly decreased (p < 0.4476) and increased SOD (p < 0.0001), CAT (p < 0.0001), GSH (p < 0.0001), cerebral infarction area when compared to MO/RCA group. Developed model showed significant cerebral ischemic injury in rats, injury was ameliorated by Gallic acid treatment and in silico approaches also inhibit the cerebrotoxic protein function by targeting on active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Praveen Kumar
- Santhiram College of Pharmacy, Nandyal, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Madhuri D.
- Creative Educational Societys College of Pharmacy, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | | | | | - G. Somasekhar
- SKU College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - N.V.L. Sirisha
- Nitte College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Banglaore, Karnataka, India
| | - K. Nagaraju
- C.R Reddy College of Pharmacy, Eluru, West Godavari, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M.S. Shouib
- Creative Educational Societys College of Pharmacy, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - A.S. Rizwaan
- Creative Educational Societys College of Pharmacy, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Role of quercetin on sterigmatocystin-induced oxidative stress-mediated toxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 156:112498. [PMID: 34380011 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress appears to be a common trigger for many of the effects associated with the exposure to various mycotoxins, including sterigmatocystin (STE). However, studies to alleviate STE toxicity through the use of natural antioxidants are sparsely reported in literature. In the present study, the cytoprotective effect of quercetin (QUE) was tested in SH-SY5Y cells against STE-induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity. The MTT assay revealed that STE decreased cell viability, whereas pre-treatment of cells with QUE restored it. The QUE was also found to counteract STE-induced ROS generation and decrease STE-induced up-regulation of the expression of the stress-inducible enzymes HO-1 and NOS-2. Pre-treatment with QUE also prevented STE-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB, as measured by immunofluorescence. Finally, considering the key role played by NF-κB in the regulation of inflammation, the effect of STE on the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 expression was evaluated. Our results showed the down-regulation of TNF-α and IL-6 following STE exposure, suggesting a negative immunomodulatory effect of STE. In QUE pre-treated samples, TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly further reduced, indicating the anti-inflammatory role of QUE. The results of the present study demonstrate for the first time that QUE exerts a cytoprotective role in STE-induced toxicity.
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Wierońska JM, Cieślik P, Kalinowski L. Nitric Oxide-Dependent Pathways as Critical Factors in the Consequences and Recovery after Brain Ischemic Hypoxia. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081097. [PMID: 34439764 PMCID: PMC8392725 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain ischemia is one of the leading causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Nitric oxide (NO•), a molecule that is involved in the regulation of proper blood flow, vasodilation, neuronal and glial activity constitutes the crucial factor that contributes to the development of pathological changes after stroke. One of the early consequences of a sudden interruption in the cerebral blood flow is the massive production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in neurons due to NO• synthase uncoupling, which leads to neurotoxicity. Progression of apoptotic or necrotic neuronal damage activates reactive astrocytes and attracts microglia or lymphocytes to migrate to place of inflammation. Those inflammatory cells start to produce large amounts of inflammatory proteins, including pathological, inducible form of NOS (iNOS), which generates nitrosative stress that further contributes to brain tissue damage, forming vicious circle of detrimental processes in the late stage of ischemia. S-nitrosylation, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and HIF-1α-dependent genes activated in reactive astrocytes play essential roles in this process. The review summarizes the roles of NO•-dependent pathways in the early and late aftermath of stroke and treatments based on the stimulation or inhibition of particular NO• synthases and the stabilization of HIF-1α activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Wierońska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.M.W.); (P.C.)
| | - Paulina Cieślik
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna Street 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland; (J.M.W.); (P.C.)
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics—Biobank Fahrenheit BBMRI.pl, Medical University of Gdansk, Debinki Street 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Poland (BBMRI.PL), Debinki Street 7, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- BioTechMed Center/Department of Mechanics of Materials and Structures, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-223 Gdansk, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-58-349-1182
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Subedi L, Gaire BP. Neuroprotective Effects of Curcumin in Cerebral Ischemia: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:2562-2572. [PMID: 34251185 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being a major global health concern, cerebral ischemia/stroke has limited therapeutic options. Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only available medication to manage acute ischemic stroke, but this medication is associated with adverse effects and has a narrow therapeutic time window. Curcumin, a polyphenol that is abundantly present in the rhizome of the turmeric plant (Curcuma longa), has shown promising neuroprotective effects in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases, including cerebral ischemia. In the central nervous system (CNS), neuroprotective effects of curcumin have been experimentally validated in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral ischemia. Curcumin can exert pleiotropic effects in the postischemic brain including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, vasculoprotective, and direct neuroprotective efficacies. Importantly, neuroprotective effects of curcumin has been reported in both ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke models. A broad-spectrum neuroprotective efficacy of curcumin suggested that curcumin can be an appealing therapeutic strategy to treat cerebral ischemia. In this review, we aimed to address the pharmacotherapeutic potential of curcumin in cerebral ischemia including its cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuroprotection revealing curcumin as an appealing therapeutic candidate for cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalita Subedi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Neurology, Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Bhakta Prasad Gaire
- Department of Anesthesiology and Neurology, Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
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Chojnowski K, Opielka M, Nazar W, Kowianski P, Smolenski RT. Neuroprotective Effects of Guanosine in Ischemic Stroke-Small Steps towards Effective Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6898. [PMID: 34199004 PMCID: PMC8268871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanosine (Guo) is a nucleotide metabolite that acts as a potent neuromodulator with neurotrophic and regenerative properties in neurological disorders. Under brain ischemia or trauma, Guo is released to the extracellular milieu and its concentration substantially raises. In vitro studies on brain tissue slices or cell lines subjected to ischemic conditions demonstrated that Guo counteracts destructive events that occur during ischemic conditions, e.g., glutaminergic excitotoxicity, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species production. Moreover, Guo mitigates neuroinflammation and regulates post-translational processing. Guo asserts its neuroprotective effects via interplay with adenosine receptors, potassium channels, and excitatory amino acid transporters. Subsequently, guanosine activates several prosurvival molecular pathways including PI3K/Akt (PI3K) and MEK/ERK. Due to systemic degradation, the half-life of exogenous Guo is relatively low, thus creating difficulty regarding adequate exogenous Guo distribution. Nevertheless, in vivo studies performed on ischemic stroke rodent models provide promising results presenting a sustained decrease in infarct volume, improved neurological outcome, decrease in proinflammatory events, and stimulation of neuroregeneration through the release of neurotrophic factors. In this comprehensive review, we discuss molecular signaling related to Guo protection against brain ischemia. We present recent advances, limitations, and prospects in exogenous guanosine therapy in the context of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Chojnowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.C.); (W.N.)
| | - Mikolaj Opielka
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- International Research Agenda 3P—Medicine Laboratory, Medical University of Gdańsk, 3A Sklodowskiej-Curie Street, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Nazar
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland; (K.C.); (W.N.)
| | - Przemyslaw Kowianski
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki Street, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland;
- Institute of Health Sciences, Pomeranian University of Słupsk, Bohaterów Westerplatte 64, 76-200 Słupsk, Poland
| | - Ryszard T. Smolenski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, 1 Debinki St., 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
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Li Y, Ren M, Wang J, Ma R, Chen H, Xie Q, Li H, Li J, Wang J. Progress in Borneol Intervention for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:606682. [PMID: 34017247 PMCID: PMC8129537 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.606682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Borneol is a terpene and bicyclic organic compound that can be extracted from plants or chemically synthesized. As an important component of proprietary Chinese medicine for the treatment of stroke, its neuroprotective effects have been confirmed in many experiments. Unfortunately, there is no systematic review of these studies. This study aimed to systematically examine the neuroprotective effects of borneol in the cascade reaction of experimental ischemic stroke at different periods. Methods: Articles on animal experiments and cell-based research on the actions of borneol against ischemic stroke in the past 20°years were collected from Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and other biomedical databases. Meta-analysis was performed on key indicators in vivo experiments. After sorting the articles, we focused on the neuroprotective effects and mechanism of action of borneol at different stages of cerebral ischemia. Results: Borneol is effective in the prevention and treatment of nerve injury in ischemic stroke. Its mechanisms of action include improvement of cerebral blood flow, inhibition of neuronal excitotoxicity, blocking of Ca2+ overload, and resistance to reactive oxygen species injury in the acute ischemic stage. In the subacute ischemic stage, borneol may antagonize blood-brain barrier injury, intervene in inflammatory reactions, and prevent neuron excessive death. In the late stage, borneol promotes neurogenesis and angiogenesis in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Conclusion: Borneol prevents neuronal injury after cerebral ischemia via multiple action mechanisms, and it can mobilize endogenous nutritional factors to hasten repair and regeneration of brain tissue. Because the neuroprotective effects of borneol are mediated by various therapeutic factors, deficiency caused by a single-target drug is avoided. Besides, borneol promotes other drugs to pass through the blood-brain barrier to exert synergistic therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Mihong Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hai Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinxiu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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