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Effects of Adjuvant Medications on A1C, Body Mass Index, and Insulin Requirements among Patients with Type 1 Diabetes. PHARMACY 2022; 10:pharmacy10040097. [PMID: 36005937 PMCID: PMC9412392 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy10040097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that noninsulin medications used to treat type 2 diabetes can improve health outcomes among patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). This study assessed the effects of adjuvant diabetes medications on glycated hemoglobin (A1C), body mass index (BMI), or total daily insulin (TDI) among patients with T1D in a real-world setting. This was an analysis of the T1D Exchange Clinic Registry, using the study periods of 2010−2012, 2015−2016, and 2016−2017, to assess differences in A1C, BMI, and TDI between patients with and without adjuvant medications. The relationships between characteristics and A1C in 2015−2016 and 2016−2017 were determined. Analysis included 517 patients in the adjuvant medication cohort and 4968 in the insulin-only cohort. No significant improvement in A1C was observed. A significant difference in BMI and TDI between the insulin-only (median BMI: 25.5, 26.2, 26.4 and median TDI: 45, 44 units) and adjuvant medication cohorts (median BMI: 29.8, 30.5, 30.5 and median TDI: 51, 52 units) (p < 0.001) was observed. Patients with a continuous glucose monitor (CGM), higher education level, higher annual income, and older age were associated with lower A1C (p ≤ 0.001). Higher BMI and self-description as African American/Black were associated with higher A1C (p ≤ 0.01). Insulin pump use was associated with lower A1C (p < 0.01) in 2015−2016. Patients who used adjuvant medications did not demonstrate significant improvement in disease control. These data suggest that findings from well-designed research studies may not be consistently reproducible in real-world settings, due to patient-specific factors.
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Gürbüz P, Düzova H, Yildiz A, Çakan P, Kaya GB, Bağ HGG, Durhan M, Gül CC, Taşlidere AÇ. Effects of noopept on cognitive functions and pubertal process in rats with diabetes. Life Sci 2019; 233:116698. [PMID: 31356906 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a common chronic disease in childhood. Increasing insulin resistance in puberty gives rise to higher doses of insulin usage in treatment. Of this reason new approaches in treatment are needed. Noopept researches suggest it to have anti-diabetic properties. We tried to determine the effects of noopept on pubertal diabetes. MAIN METHOD The research was made with 60 prepubertal, 28 day-old, male, Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were divided into randomised 6 groups (n = 10/group). i) Control, ii) Diabetes Control, iii) Noopept Control, iv) Diabetes + Noopept, v) Diabetes + Insulin, vi) Diabetes + Insulin + Noopept. T1DM model was induced by streptozotocin on postnatal 28th day. 0.5 mg/kg noopept and 1 IU insulin were administered intraperitoneally for 14 days. Blood glucose and body weight measurements, puberty follow-up and MWM tests were performed. Hippocampus, hypothalamus and testis were evaluated histologically. Hypothalamic GnRH and kisspeptin were studied immunohistochemically. Serum LH, FSH and insulin, hippocampal homogenate NGF and BDNF levels were determined by ELISA. KEY FINDINGS Delayed puberty was normalized by noopept (p < 0.05). Blood glucose levels were lower in noopept-administered diabetic groups (p < 0.05). Noopept decreased HOMA-IR in insulin administered diabetic group (p < 0.05). Number of degenerated cells in hippocampus and testis were higher in diabetes control group when compared with other groups (p < 0.05). GnRH immunoreactivity in Diabetes + Noopept group was increased when compared to insulin + noopept group (p = 0.018). There was no difference in kisspeptin, serum LH, FSH, hippocampal NGF-BDNF levels and spatial learning assessment among groups (p > 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE Noopept may have positive effect in treatment of pubertal diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perihan Gürbüz
- Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Halil Düzova
- Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Azibe Yildiz
- Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Pınar Çakan
- Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Gül Büşra Kaya
- Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Harika Gözde Gözükara Bağ
- Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Merve Durhan
- Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Cemile Ceren Gül
- Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Aslı Çetin Taşlidere
- Inonu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Malatya, Turkey
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Ziaee A, Esmailzadehha N, Honardoost M. Comparison of adjunctive therapy with metformin and acarbose in patients with Type-1 diabetes mellitus. Pak J Med Sci 2017; 33:686-690. [PMID: 28811795 PMCID: PMC5510127 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.333.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: All the aforementioned data have stimulated interest in studying other potential therapies for T1DM including noninsulin pharmacological therapies. The present study attempts to investigate the effect of adjunctive therapy with metformin and acarbose in patients with Type-1 diabetes mellitus. Method: In a single-center, placebo-controlled study (IRCT201102165844N1) we compared the results of two clinical trials conducted in two different time periods on 40 patients with Type-1 diabetes mellitus. In the first section, metformin was given to the subjects. After six months, metformin was replaced with acarbose in the therapeutic regimen. In both studies, subjects were checked for their BMI, FBS, HbA1C, TGs, Cholesterol, LDL, HDL, 2hpp, unit of NPH and regular insulin variations. Results: Placebo-controlled evaluation of selected factors has showna significant decrease in FBS and TG levels in the metformin group during follow up but acarbose group has shown substantial influence on two hour post prandial (2hpp) and regular insulin intake decline. Moreover, Comparison differences after intervention between two test groups has shown that metformin has had superior impact on FBS and HbA1C decline in patients. Nonetheless, acarbose treatment had noteworthy influence on 2hpp, TGs, Cholesterol, LDL, and regular insulin intake control. Conclusion: The results of this experiment demonstrate that the addition of acarbose or metformin to patients with Type-1 diabetes mellitus who are controlled with insulin is commonly well tolerated and help to improve metabolic control in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ziaee
- Amir Ziaee, Professor of Endocrinology, Padiatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Esmailzadehha
- Neda Esmailzadehha, General Practitioners, Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Maryam Honardoost
- Maryam Honardoost, Assistant Professor of Molecular Medicine, Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, ran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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García-Pedraza JÁ, Ferreira-Santos P, Aparicio R, Montero MJ, Morán A. Blocking 5-HT2 receptor restores cardiovascular disorders in type 1 experimental diabetes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33979. [PMID: 27659784 PMCID: PMC5034292 DOI: 10.1038/srep33979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether the serotonergic modulation, through selective 5-HT2 receptor blockade, restores cardiovascular disturbances in type 1 diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by alloxan (150 mg/kg, s.c.) and maintained for 4 weeks. 5-HT2 receptor was blocked by sarpogrelate (30 mg/kg.day; 14 days; p.o.). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (HR), glycaemia and body weight (BW) were monitored periodically. Animals were sacrificed at the end of the study and the heart, right kidney and thoracic aorta were removed; plasma samples were also obtained. Left ventricular hypertrophy index (LVH) and renal hypertrophy index (RH) were determined. Vascular function was studied in aorta rings; additionally, superoxide anion (O2•−) production (by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence) and lipid peroxidation (by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay) were measured. Neither alloxan nor sarpogrelate treatments altered HR, LVH or endothelium-independent relaxation. SBP, glycaemia, BW, RH, O2•− production and lipid peroxidation were significantly altered in diabetic animals compared with controls. Sarpogrelate treatment considerably decreased SBP, RH, O2•− production and lipid peroxidation. Endothelium-dependent relaxation was severely reduced in diabetic animal aortas compared to controls; sarpogrelate treatment markedly improved it. Our outcomes show that selectively blocking 5-HT2 receptors has beneficial effects on impaired cardiovascular parameters in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José-Ángel García-Pedraza
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca-USAL- CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pedro Ferreira-Santos
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca-USAL- CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Rubén Aparicio
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca-USAL- CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María-José Montero
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca-USAL- CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Asunción Morán
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Salamanca, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca-USAL- CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
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Manhylova TA, Gafarova NH. Metabolic and hemodynamic effects of the growth hormone system — insulin-like growth factor. TERAPEVT ARKH 2015; 87:128-133. [DOI: 10.17116/terarkh20158712128-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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DeGeeter M, Williamson B. Alternative Agents in Type 1 Diabetes in Addition to Insulin Therapy: Metformin, Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors, Pioglitazone, GLP-1 Agonists, DPP-IV Inhibitors, and SGLT-2 Inhibitors. J Pharm Pract 2014; 29:144-59. [PMID: 25312263 DOI: 10.1177/0897190014549837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Insulin is the mainstay of current treatment for patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Due to increasing insulin resistance, insulin doses are often continually increased, which may result in weight gain for patients. Medications currently approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes offer varying mechanisms of action that can help to reduce insulin resistance and prevent or deter weight gain. A MEDLINE search was conducted to review literature evaluating the use of metformin, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, pioglitazone, glucagon-like peptide 1 agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase, and sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 inhibitors, in patients with T1DM. Varying results were found with some benefits including reductions in hemoglobin A1c, decreased insulin doses, and favorable effects on weight. Of significance, a common fear of utilizing multiple therapies for diabetes treatment is the risk of hypoglycemia, and this review displayed limited evidence of hypoglycemia with multiple agents.
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Yang G, Li C, Gong Y, Li J, Cheng X, Tian H. A prospective, randomized, open-label study comparing the efficacy and safety of preprandial and prandial insulin in combination with acarbose in elderly, insulin-requiring patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Technol Ther 2013; 15:513-9. [PMID: 23530576 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2012.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND By delaying absorption of carbohydrates, acarbose can reduce preprandial hyperglycemia and delay the emergence of postprandial hyperglycemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS To evaluate whether acarbose can shorten the desirable time interval between insulin injection and meals, 60 elderly (≥60 years) patients with unsatisfactorily controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus despite insulin use were enrolled in a randomized, open-label study of 16 weeks' duration. Two groups (n=20 each) were randomized to receive isophane protamine biosynthetic human insulin 70/30 injections twice daily 30 min before meals plus acarbose 50 mg once daily (Group A) or three times daily (Group B) before meals, whereas the third group (n=20) received isophane protamine biosynthetic human insulin 70/30 injections twice daily immediately before meals plus acarbose 50 mg three times daily before meals (Group C). RESULTS The required insulin dosage at study end was significantly less in Groups B and C than in Group A. Both continuous glucose monitoring data and the patients' self-monitoring data indicated that blood glucose variability parameters were significantly improved in Groups B and C in comparison with Group A, but there were no significant differences between Groups B and C. The incidence of hypoglycemia was low in all three groups. CONCLUSIONS The absence of a significant difference in glucose variability between Groups B and C suggests that the addition of acarbose permitted adjustment of the insulin administration time from 30 min before meals to immediately before meals-which may be more convenient for patients-without affecting glycemic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 100853 Beijing, China
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Amitani H, Asakawa A, Cheng K, Amitani M, Kaimoto K, Nakano M, Ushikai M, Li Y, Tsai M, Li JB, Terashi M, Chaolu H, Kamimura R, Inui A. Hydrogen improves glycemic control in type1 diabetic animal model by promoting glucose uptake into skeletal muscle. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53913. [PMID: 23326534 PMCID: PMC3542317 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen (H2) acts as a therapeutic antioxidant. However, there are few reports on H2 function in other capacities in diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, in this study, we investigated the role of H2 in glucose transport by studying cultured mouse C2C12 cells and human hepatoma Hep-G2 cells in vitro, in addition to three types of diabetic mice [Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic mice, high-fat diet-induced type 2 diabetic mice, and genetically diabetic db/db mice] in vivo. The results show that H2 promoted 2-[14C]-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG) uptake into C2C12 cells via the translocation of glucose transporter Glut4 through activation of phosphatidylinositol-3-OH kinase (PI3K), protein kinase C (PKC), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), although it did not stimulate the translocation of Glut2 in Hep G2 cells. H2 significantly increased skeletal muscle membrane Glut4 expression and markedly improved glycemic control in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic mice after chronic intraperitoneal (i.p.) and oral (p.o.) administration. However, long-term p.o. administration of H2 had least effect on the obese and non-insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes mouse models. Our study demonstrates that H2 exerts metabolic effects similar to those of insulin and may be a novel therapeutic alternative to insulin in type 1 diabetes mellitus that can be administered orally.
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MESH Headings
- AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases
- Animals
- Blood Glucose/drug effects
- Cricetinae
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/physiopathology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Disease Models, Animal
- Glucose/metabolism
- Glucose Transporter Type 4/metabolism
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Hydrogen/administration & dosage
- Mice
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Protein Kinase C/metabolism
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Amitani
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akihiro Asakawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kaichun Cheng
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Marie Amitani
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kaori Kaimoto
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masako Nakano
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Miharu Ushikai
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yingxiao Li
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Minglun Tsai
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Jiang-Bo Li
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Terashi
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Huhe Chaolu
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Ryozo Kamimura
- Institute of Laboratory Animals, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akio Inui
- Department of Psychosomatic Internal Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
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