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Amer AS, Al Shambaky AY, Ameen SG, Sobih AK. Hematological indices in psoriatic enthesopathy: relation to clinical and ultrasound evaluation. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:1909-1917. [PMID: 38584198 PMCID: PMC11111547 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-06951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enthesopathy is considered a crucial aspect of assessment and outcome in psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) is a critical tool for accurately detecting enthesitis. Recent research focuses on identifying simple biomarkers for detecting and monitoring psoriatic enthesopathy. Red cell distribution width (RDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) are components of a complete blood count (CBC) and are reliable bio-inflammatory markers in various rheumatic diseases. AIM OF WORK To measure MPV, RDW, and NLR in psoriatic enthesopathy and determine their relationship to disease activity and MSUS findings. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study focused on 30 people with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) as per CASPAR criteria, along with 20 control subjects. Enthesopathy was evaluated clinically using the Leeds Enthesitis Index (LEI). The modified Disease Activity Index of Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA28) was calculated, and RDW, MPV, NLR, CRP, and ESR were measured. Each enthesis in LEI was radiologically assessed using plain radiography and MSUS according to OMERACT definitions. RESULTS There was a significant relationship between clinical tenderness, the presence of enthesophytes on plain radiography, and MSUS findings at entheses sites (p < 0.001 for each). Psoriatic patients had higher levels of RDW and MPV (p < 0.001 and 0.01, respectively) than controls, with no significant differences in NLR (p = 0.189) between the two groups. RDW and MPV levels were positively correlated with the DAPSA28 score. CONCLUSION Monitoring PsA disease activity can be improved by considering RDW and MPV as reliable indicators and using them to screen for psoriatic enthesopathy with MSUS indices. Key points • Clinically identifying enthesitis in patients with PsA can be challenging. Imaging MSUS indices hold promise for objective analysis, but there is no consensus on which indices to use in clinical trials and daily practice. • Patients with psoriatic enthesopathy have higher RDW and MPV levels, which are positively correlated with DAPSA28 score. • RDW and MPV can be considered in the turn of improved screening of psoriatic enthesopathy with MSUS scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa S Amer
- Rheumatology, Rehabilitation, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Fareed Nada Street, Benha, Qalubiya Governorate, 13511, Arab Republic of Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Y Al Shambaky
- Rheumatology, Rehabilitation, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Fareed Nada Street, Benha, Qalubiya Governorate, 13511, Arab Republic of Egypt
| | - Seham G Ameen
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Fareed Nada Street, Benha, Qalubiya Governorate, 13511, Arab Republic of Egypt
| | - Amira Khalil Sobih
- Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Fareed Nada Street, Benha, Qalubiya Governorate, 13511, Arab Republic of Egypt
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Zhu Y, Di S, Li Y, Liang W, Liu J, Nuermaimaiti R, Fei W, Wang C, Wang L, Zhang J. Integrative metabolomic and network pharmacological analysis reveals potential mechanisms of Cardamine circaeoides Hook.f. & Thomson in alleviating potassium oxonate-induced asymptomatic hyperuricemia in rats. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1281411. [PMID: 38026974 PMCID: PMC10652788 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1281411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardamine circaeoides Hook.f. & Thomson (CC), a herb of the genus Cardamine (family Brassicaceae), has a rich historical usage in China for both culinary and medicinal purposes. It is distinguished by its remarkable ability to hyperaccumulate selenium (Se). CC has demonstrated efficacy in the prevention of metabolic disorders. However, investigations into the effects of CC on asymptomatic hyperuricemia remain scarce. The objective of this study is to elucidate the mechanism by which CC aqueous extract (CCE) exerts its anti-hyperuricemic effects on asymptomatic hyperuricemic rats induced by potassium oxonate (PO) by integrating metabolomics and network pharmacological analysis. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia was induced by feeding rats with PO (1000 mg/kg) and CCE (0.75, 1.5, or 3 g/kg) once daily for 30 days. Various parameters, including body weight, uric acid (UA) levels, histopathology of renal tissue, and inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) were assessed. Subsequently, metabolomic analysis of kidney tissues was conducted to explore the effects of CCE on renal metabolites and the related pathways. Furthermore, network pharmacology was employed to explicate the mechanism of action of CCE components identified through UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis. Finally, metabolomic and network-pharmacology analyses were performed to predict crucial genes dysregulated in the disease model and rescued by CCE, which were then subjected to verification by RT-qPCR. The findings revealed that CCE significantly inhibited the UA levels from the 21st day to the 30th day. Moreover, CCE exhibited significant inhibition of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels in renal tissues. The dysregulation of 18 metabolites and the tyrosine, pyrimidine, cysteine, methionine, sphingolipid, and histidine metabolism pathways was prevented by CCE treatment. A joint analysis of targets predicted using the network pharmacology approach and the differential metabolites found in metabolics predicted 8 genes as potential targets of CCE, and 3 of them (PNP gene, JUN gene, and ADA gene) were verified at the mRNA level by RT-qPCR. We conclude that CCE has anti-hyperuricemia effects and alleviates renal inflammation in a rat model of hyperuricemia, and these efficacies are associated with the reversal of increased ADA, PNP, and JUN mRNA expression in renal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Zhu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Songrui Di
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yipeng Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Weican Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jinlian Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Reyisai Nuermaimaiti
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Fei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linyuan Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Psoriasis Vulgaris of Blood Heat Syndrome in Plasma Based on Widely Targeted Techniques. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2022; 2022:2113769. [PMID: 35463691 PMCID: PMC9033378 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2113769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine classifies psoriasis (Ps) according to clinical manifestations, and its different clinical manifestations imply the pathogenesis and material evolution basis of Ps, especially biomarkers that are meaningful to identification of Ps, treatment response, and elucidation of the pathogenesis of the disease. This study aims to screen differential metabolites in plasma of psoriasis vulgaris (PV) of blood heat syndrome based on a widely targeted metabolomic technique and to analyze syndrome metabolic markers and metabolic pathways. Forty-five PV patients were recruited, including 21 cases of the blood heat syndrome group (BH-PPG), 24 cases of the non-blood-heat syndrome group (NBH-PPG), and 30 healthy cases of the normal control group (NPG). The UPLC-MS/MS detection platform, a self-developed database, and multivariate statistical analysis were applied to investigate the plasma metabolic differences. The biomarkers related to blood heat syndrome were screened using the principal component analysis method. A total of 479 metabolites were detected in the three groups of plasma samples; 72 different metabolites were sorted out in the BH-PPG/NPG group, 82 in the NBH-PPG/NPG group, and 8 in the BH-PPG/NBH-PPG group. Differential metabolites mainly consist of metabolites of organic acids, amino acids, carbohydrates, and nucleotides. Multiple metabolites ginkgolic acid, pyrroloquinoline quinone, L-aspartic acid, and citramalic acid were expected to be the potential biomarkers of blood heat syndrome PV. The formation and evolution processes may be associated with disorders and regulation of metabolic pathways, ferroptosis, carbon metabolism, and purine metabolism.
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Lu CF, Liu WS, Ge XQ, Xu F, Su JB, Wang XQ, Wang Y. The association between serum adenosine deaminase levels and Graves' disease. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:1227-1233. [PMID: 34473081 PMCID: PMC8494409 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is essential for the differentiation and maturation of lymphocytes, while lymphocytes infiltration in thyroid tissue is a vital pathological feature of Graves' disease (GD). The aim of the present study was to compare the concentration of ADA between healthy controls (HC) and patients with GD, and evaluate the association between ADA and GD. METHODS A total of 112 GD patients and 77 matched HC were enrolled in this study. Each participant was examined for thyroid hormones and autoantibodies, ADA concentration, and thyroid ultrasonography. RESULTS Serum ADA levels in GD patients were significantly higher than that in HC subgroup (P < 0.001). In GD patients, serum ADA levels were positively associated with serum-free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody (TRAb) levels, and total thyroid gland volume (thyroid VolT) and negatively associated with serum thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSH) levels (all P < 0.05). There were no similar correlations in the HC subgroup. Multiple linear regression analysis suggested that serum TSH, FT3, and ADA levels played an important role in serum TRAb levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that serum ADA levels were closely associated with GD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-feng Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
| | - Wang-shu Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
| | - Xiao-qin Ge
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to F Xu or J Su or X Wang: or or
| | - Jian-bin Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to F Xu or J Su or X Wang: or or
| | - Xue-qin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to F Xu or J Su or X Wang: or or
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University and First People’s Hospital of Nantong City, Nantong, China
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Zhang Y, Liu L, Sun X, Li H, Wang Y, Zhou M, Hua L, Li B, Li X. Updated Evidence of the Association Between Elevated Serum Uric Acid Level and Psoriasis. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:645550. [PMID: 34268318 PMCID: PMC8275838 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.645550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Our earlier meta-analysis showed that the correlation between psoriasis and hyperuricemia might be region-dependent and that hyperuricemia was more common in patients with psoriasis in Western Europe. However, no further analysis could be conducted owing to the scarcity of data. Objective: Our study aimed to further explore the association between psoriasis and hyperuricemia. Methods: Six databases (PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, the Chinese Scientific Journals Full Text Database, and the Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform) were searched for studies published between January 1980 and February 2021. Results: The search strategy yielded 291 relevant studies, of which 27 observational studies were included in this analysis. Serum uric acid (SUA) levels (mean difference [MD] 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48-1.49, P = 0.0001) and hyperuricemia frequency (odds ratio [OR] 5.39, 95% CI 1.88-15.40, P = 0.002) were higher in the psoriasis group than in the control group, and the subgroup differences were significant. In addition, SUA levels were significantly higher in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis from European and American countries (MD 0.89, 95% CI 0.18-1.60, P = 0.01) and Southeast Asia (MD 1.79, 95% CI 0.55-3.02, P = 0.004), while no significant differences were found between the Middle East subgroup (MD 0.63, 95% CI -0.33 to 1.59, P = 0.20). Similar results were obtained from the meta-analysis of SUA levels in patients with metabolic syndrome, obesity, or a special type of psoriasis (such as arthritic or erythrodermic psoriasis). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis study provides extended data regarding the correlation between psoriasis and hyperuricemia and the differences in SUA levels between psoriasis patients and controls in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and European and American countries. Patients with moderate to severe psoriasis in European and American countries and Southeast Asia or those with metabolic syndrome and obesity were more likely to have higher uric acid levels. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42014015091.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoying Sun
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongjin Li
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Hua
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Dermatology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Dermatology, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Yu M, Zhou H, Li Q, Ding J, Shuai H, Zhang J. Serum Adenosine Deaminase as a Useful Marker to Estimate Coronary Artery Calcification in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2021; 27:1076029621999722. [PMID: 33651650 PMCID: PMC7930648 DOI: 10.1177/1076029621999722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the association between serum adenosine deaminase and coronary artery calcification (CAC) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The cross-sectional study included 459 patients with T2DM, the clinical and laboratory tests were performed, and all T2DM patients were separated into the 3 groups based on the tertile of serum adenosine deaminase levels. In the baseline data, the CAC score had statistically significant differences between the 3 groups (p < 0.001). Serum adenosine deaminase levels were positively correlated with CAC score in T2DM patients (r = 0.355, p < 0.001). The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that serum adenosine deaminase was independent positively correlated with CAC score in T2DM patients (r = 0.255, p < 0.001). Receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis showed that area under curve was 0.750 to identify T2DM patients with CAC. Serum adenosine deaminase levels are correlated with CAC scores in T2DM patients, clinically, serum adenosine deaminase should be considered as an underlying marker to determine the severity of atherosclerosis in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yu
- Department of General Practice, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Hanyun Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Qingan Li
- Department of General Practice, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Juan Ding
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Hongxia Shuai
- Department of Endocrinology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
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Hamie L, Eid E, Abbas O, Safi R, Nammour T, Tamim H, Makki M, Stephan C, Hasbani D, Wehbe H, Ghaoui N, Hawa M, Nasser N, Eid A, Kibbi AG, Kurban M. SuPAR, a potential inflammatory mediator in psoriasis pathogenesis. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020; 47:1705-1712. [PMID: 32558953 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disorder that is strongly associated with the metabolic syndrome. The sole reliance on clinical examination to guide prognostication and treatment is insufficient at best; accurate diagnostic and prognostic psoriatic molecular biomarkers are needed. Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) has been implicated in inflammation. The aim of this study is to determine whether suPAR plays a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and whether an association exists between suPAR levels, disease severity, and other variables like insulin, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). This study also compares the pattern of uPAR staining in healthy vs psoriatic skin: 39 psoriatic and 30 control subjects were included. Two biopsies (affected and unaffected skin) and one biopsy were taken from psoriasis patients and healthy controls, respectively, with uPAR staining of all skin biopsies. Blood samples from all subjects were obtained to determine suPAR, ESR, CRP, and fasting insulin levels. uPAR staining was prominent in unaffected skin from psoriasis patients and healthy individuals vs weak/absent uPAR staining in psoriatic skin. CRP, ESR and suPAR levels were not significantly elevated in the mild psoriasis group compared to healthy controls. The loss of epidermal uPAR is suggestive of its tentative role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Patients with mild-moderate psoriasis possibly lack the powerful association attributed to metabolic syndrome in psoriatic patients. Further studies on larger cohorts are needed to ascertain the validity of the mentioned conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamiaa Hamie
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Edward Eid
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ossama Abbas
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Remi Safi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tarak Nammour
- Department of Gastroenterology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hani Tamim
- Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maha Makki
- Clinical Research Institute, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Carla Stephan
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Divina Hasbani
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hisham Wehbe
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nohra Ghaoui
- Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mariana Hawa
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nourhan Nasser
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assaad Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Abdul-Ghani Kibbi
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mazen Kurban
- Department of Dermatology, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Bagheri S, Saboury AA, Haertlé T. Adenosine deaminase inhibition. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:1246-1257. [PMID: 31520704 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine deaminase is a critical enzyme in purine metabolism that regulates intra and extracellular adenosine concentrations by converting it to inosine. Adenosine is an important purine that regulates numerous physiological functions by interacting with its receptors. Adenosine and consequently adenosine deaminase can have pro or anti-inflammatory effects on tissues depending on how much time has passed from the start of the injury. In addition, an increase in adenosine deaminase activity has been reported for various diseases and the significant effect of deaminase inhibition on the clinical course of different diseases has been reported. However, the use of inhibitors is limited to only a few medical indications. Data on the increase of adenosine deaminase activity in different diseases and the impact of its inhibition in various cases have been collected and are discussed in this review. Overall, the evidence shows that many studies have been done to introduce inhibitors, however, in vivo studies have been much less than in vitro, and often have not been expanded for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bagheri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - A A Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - T Haertlé
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nantes, France
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