1
|
Putera AM, Endaryanto A. Steven Johnson Syndrome in a child caused by typhoid fever. Ann Dermatol Venereol 2024; 151:103261. [PMID: 38507956 DOI: 10.1016/j.annder.2024.103261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Putera
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia.
| | - A Endaryanto
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Narendrakumar L, Chakraborty M, Kumari S, Paul D, Das B. β-Lactam potentiators to re-sensitize resistant pathogens: Discovery, development, clinical use and the way forward. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1092556. [PMID: 36970185 PMCID: PMC10036598 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1092556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
β-lactam antibiotics are one of the most widely used and diverse classes of antimicrobial agents for treating both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial infections. The β-lactam antibiotics, which include penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams and carbapenems, exert their antibacterial activity by inhibiting the bacterial cell wall synthesis and have a global positive impact in treating serious bacterial infections. Today, β-lactam antibiotics are the most frequently prescribed antimicrobial across the globe. However, due to the widespread use and misapplication of β-lactam antibiotics in fields such as human medicine and animal agriculture, resistance to this superlative drug class has emerged in the majority of clinically important bacterial pathogens. This heightened antibiotic resistance prompted researchers to explore novel strategies to restore the activity of β-lactam antibiotics, which led to the discovery of β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) and other β-lactam potentiators. Although there are several successful β-lactam-β-lactamase inhibitor combinations in use, the emergence of novel resistance mechanisms and variants of β-lactamases have put the quest of new β-lactam potentiators beyond precedence. This review summarizes the success stories of β-lactamase inhibitors in use, prospective β-lactam potentiators in various phases of clinical trials and the different strategies used to identify novel β-lactam potentiators. Furthermore, this review discusses the various challenges in taking these β-lactam potentiators from bench to bedside and expounds other mechanisms that could be investigated to reduce the global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lekshmi Narendrakumar
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, Infection and Immunology Division, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Muacevic A, Adler JR. Clinical and Laboratory Features of Enteric Fever in Children and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern in a Tertiary Care Hospital of a Low- and Middle-Income Country. Cureus 2022; 14:e30784. [PMID: 36320797 PMCID: PMC9614183 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.30784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, enteric fever (EF) significantly gives rise to an appalling death toll. It is an endemic illness in Bangladesh and South Asia. The condition manifests in a wide range of clinical features in children. Nowadays, antibiotic resistance is an international stumbling block that hampers the appropriate treatment and outcome of EF. OBJECTIVE The study evaluated the clinical and laboratory characteristics and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Salmonella enterica in children. METHODS This prospective research was conducted at Delta Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2017 to December 2019. A total of 200 pediatric cases of EF were included in this study who were either culture positive or had significantly raised Widal test titer for Salmonella with suggestive clinical features. RESULTS All the patients had a fever, and most had coated tongue, vomiting, abdominal pain, organomegaly, and diarrhea. Among the selected 200 cases of EF, 43.5% were Salmonella typhi culture-positive. A high erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was observed in a substantial number (53%) of patients. Ceftriaxone was the most sensitive (100%) antibiotic through laboratory analysis, followed by cefotaxime (95.1%). Among the oral antibiotics used, cefixime (92.8%) was the most sensitive. CONCLUSION EF in children can present with varied clinical manifestations. Selective antibiotic treatment according to sensitivity patterns is crucial for effective illness management and will reduce morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population.
Collapse
|
4
|
MurC ligase of multi-drug resistant Salmonella Typhi can be inhibited by novel Curcumin derivative: Evidence from molecular docking and dynamics simulations. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2022; 151:106279. [PMID: 35985453 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2022.106279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Emerging multi-drug resistance in recent Salmonella Typhi isolates, causative agent of enteric Typhoid fever, compelled us to investigate alternative therapeutic strategies. The present study encompassed virtual screening, ADMET screening as well as antibacterial activity prediction to shortlist potent lead molecules whose binding affinities (BAs) were checked against major druggable S. Typhi targets. BA profile revealed a deoxy-tetradeutero- curcumin derivative to be novel bioactive compound having high BA towards UDP-N-acetylmuramate-L-alanine ligase (MurC) protein involved in peptidoglycan synthesis. Molecular docking indicated that our lead {Binding energy (BE)= -8.00 ± 0.02 kcal/mol}could competitively bind to MurC with respect to its natural ligand ATP (BE= -7.65 ± 0.19 kcal/mol). The lead also possessed superior binding and inhibition profile against MurC than other commercial antibiotics. This BE was contributed by Hydrogen (H-) bonds and numerous non-canonical interactions with the evolutionary conserved active-site residues. From molecular docking and coarse-grained dynamics simulations, it was inferred that the novel curcumin derivative was predicted to be potential competitive inhibitor of ATP for MurC-catalytic domain having low relative RMSF (0.59 Å) to inhibit MurC-induced peptidoglycan biosynthesis. The inferences drawn from the study can open new portals for designing efficient therapeutic strategies against S. Typhi.
Collapse
|
5
|
Akshay SD, Anupama KP, Deekshit VK, Rohit A, Maiti B. Effect of sub-minimum inhibitory concentration of ceftriaxone on the expression of outer membrane proteins in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:190. [PMID: 35972699 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03383-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Multi-drug resistance (MDR) in Salmonella is one of the major reasons for foodborne outbreaks worldwide. Decreased susceptibility of Salmonella Typhi to first-line drugs such as ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin has raised concern. Reduced outer membrane proteins (OMPs) permeability and increased efflux pump transportation are considered to be the main reasons for the emergence of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella. The present study aimed to assess the expression of OMPs at sub-lethal concentrations of ceftriaxone in S. Typhi (Sl5037/BC, and Sl05). The S. Typhi strains were exposed to sub-MIC and half of the sub-MIC concentrations of ceftriaxone at three different time intervals (0 min, 40 min, and 180 min) and analyzed for differential expression of OMPs. Further, the expression variation of OMP encoding genes (yaeT, ompX, lamb, ompA, and ybfM) in response to ceftriaxone was evaluated using real-time PCR. The genes like lamB, ompX, and yaeT showed significant downregulation (p < 0.05) compared to the control without antibiotic exposure, whereas ybfM and ompA showed a moderate downregulation. The expression of omp genes such as lamB, ompA, ompX, ybfM, and yaeT were found to be low in the presence of ceftriaxone, followed by time and dose-dependent. The study provides insights into the possible involvement of OMPs in drug resistance of S. Typhi, which could help develop a therapeutic strategy to combat MDR isolates of S. Typhi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sadanand Dangari Akshay
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Karanth Padyana Anupama
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Vijaya Kumar Deekshit
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Anusha Rohit
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.,Department of Microbiology, The Madras Medical Mission, 4-A, Dr, Mogappair, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600037, India
| | - Biswajit Maiti
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Division of Infectious Diseases, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Paneer Campus, Deralakatte, Mangalore, 575018, India.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mahajan V, Singla N. Old is Often Gold in Typhoid Fever. Indian Pediatr 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13312-022-2564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
7
|
Yang JJ, Lee K. Epidemiologic Changes in Over 10 Years of Community-Acquired Bacterial Enteritis in Children. Pediatr Gastroenterol Hepatol Nutr 2022; 25:41-51. [PMID: 35087732 PMCID: PMC8762604 DOI: 10.5223/pghn.2022.25.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Community-acquired bacterial enteritis (CABE) is a common problem in developed countries. It is important to understand the epidemiologic changes in bacterial pathogens for prevention and treatment. Therefore, we studied the epidemiologic changes in CABE in Korean children. METHODS A total of 197 hospitalized pediatric patients aged <19 years that presented with dysentery symptoms and showed positive polymerase chain reaction results for bacterial species in stool samples, were enrolled in this study for 10 years (June 2010 to June 2020). We classified patients in phase I (06, 2010-06, 2015) and phase II (07, 2015-06, 2020) and analyzed their epidemiologic and clinical characteristics. RESULTS The most common pathogens were Campylobacter species (42.6%) and Salmonella species were the second most common pathogens (23.9%). The abundance of pathogens decreased in the following order: Clostridium difficile (9.6%), Shigella (5.6%), and Clostridium perfringens (5.6%). Escherichia coli O157:H7 was found to be the rarest pathogen (2.0%). Campylobacter species showed an increase in the infection rate from 32.1% in phase I to 49.6% in phase II (p=0.0011). Shigella species showed a decline in the infection rate in phase I from 14.1% to 0.0% in phase II (p<0.001). C. difficile and C. perfringens showed an increase in infection rate in phase II compared to phase I, but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The infection rate of Campylobacter species in CABE has been rising more recently, reaching almost 50%. This study may help establish policies for prevention and treatment of CABE in Korean children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Jin Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Kunsong Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fabrication of novel bio-compatible cefixime nanoparticles using chitosan and Azadirachta indica fruit mucilage as natural polymers. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
9
|
Chauhan AS, Kapoor I, Rana SK, Kumar D, Gupta M, John J, Kang G, Prinja S. Cost effectiveness of typhoid vaccination in India. Vaccine 2021; 39:4089-4098. [PMID: 34120765 PMCID: PMC8256879 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION World Health Organization has prequalified the use of typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV) in children over six months of age in typhoid endemic countries. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of introducing TCV separately for urban and rural areas of India. METHODS A decision analytic model was developed, using a societal perspective, to compare long-term costs and outcomes (3% discount rate) in a new-born cohort of 100,000 children immunized with or without TCV. Three vaccination scenarios were modelled, assuming the protective efficacy of TCV to last for 5, 10 and 15 years following immunization. Incidence of typhoid infection estimated under 'National Surveillance System for Enteric Fever' (NSSEFI)' was used. The prices of vaccine and cost of service delivery were included for vaccination arm. Both health system cost and out-of-pocket expenditures for treatment of typhoid illness and its complications was included. RESULTS TCV introduction in urban areas would result in prevention of 17% to 36% typhoid cases and deaths. With exclusion of indirect costs, the incremental cost per QALY gained was ₹ 151,346 (54,730-307,975), ₹ 61,710 (-5250 to 163,283) and ₹ 45,188 (-17,069 to 141,093) for scenario 1, 2 and 3 respectively. While, with inclusion of indirect costs, all 3 scenarios were cost saving. Further, in rural areas, TCV is estimated to reduce the typhoid cases and deaths by 19% to 36%, with ICER (incremental cost per QALY gained) ranging from ₹ 2340 (1316-4370) to ₹ 3574 (2057 - 6691) thousand (inclusive of indirect costs) among the 3 vaccination scenarios. CONCLUSION From a societal perspective, introduction of TCV is a cost saving strategy in urban India. Further, due to low incidence of typhoid infection, introduction of TCV is not cost-effective in rural settings of India.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akashdeep Singh Chauhan
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Isha Kapoor
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Saroj Kumar Rana
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Dilesh Kumar
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632 004, India
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Jacob John
- Department of Community Health, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632 002, India
| | - Gagandeep Kang
- The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Division of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College, Vellore 632 004, India
| | - Shankar Prinja
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Recent attempts at mapping Typhoid epidemiology have revealed an enormous burden of disease in developing countries. Countries hitherto believed to have a low incidence, such as the African subcontinent, on accurate mapping were found to have a significant burden of disease. Drug resistance, because of rampant overuse of antibiotics, has driven selection pressure to extensively drug-resistant typhoid becoming a reality in the Indian subcontinent. With widespread travel, importation of this variety of typhoid to nonendemic countries is likely to lead to outbreaks in a nonimmune population. RECENT FINDINGS A strain of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi isolated in Pakistan in 2016 has been responsible for multiple outbreaks in Pakistan and multiple travel-related cases all over the world in United States, UK, and Australia. This novel strain belongs to H58 lineage harbouring a plasmid encoding additional resistance elements like blaCTX-M-15 and a qnrS fluoroquinolone resistance gene. This resistance pattern has rendered many therapeutic options like Ceftriaxone and Fluoroquinolones clinically inactive impacting care in endemic and traveller populations alike. SUMMARY Changing epidemiology and drug resistance in typhoid indicates that it may be prudent to vaccinate nonimmune travellers travelling to typhoid endemic areas, especially the Indian subcontinent.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sharma PK, Vinayak N, Aggarwal GK, Srivastava RD, Aggarwal PK. Clinical Profile, Laboratory Findings, Antimicrobial Resistance and Antibiotic Usage in Children with Culture Positive Enteric Fever. Indian J Pediatr 2021; 88:180-181. [PMID: 32591996 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-020-03415-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Sharma
- Pediatric Critical Care and Pulmonology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Sri Balaji Action Medical Institute, New Delhi, India.
| | - Nikhil Vinayak
- Pediatric Critical Care and Pulmonology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Sri Balaji Action Medical Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Girraj K Aggarwal
- Department of Pediatrics, Sri Balaji Action Medical Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - R D Srivastava
- Department of Pediatrics, Sri Balaji Action Medical Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Khadka P, Thapaliya J, Thapa S. Susceptibility pattern of Salmonella enterica against commonly prescribed antibiotics, to febrile-pediatric cases, in low-income countries. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:38. [PMID: 33446146 PMCID: PMC7809854 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02497-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In most low-income countries, febrile-pediatric-cases are often treated empirically with accessible antibiotics without periodic epidemiological surveillance, susceptibility testing, or minimal lethal dose calculations. With this backdrop, the study was undertaken to evaluate the susceptibility trend of Salmonella enterica against the commonly prescribed antibiotics. METHODS All isolates of Salmonella enterica were identified by standard protocols of biotyping and serotyping, then tested against antibiotics by the modified Kirby disk-diffusion method. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of isolates was determined by the agar-dilution method and compared with disk diffusion results and on nalidixic-acid sensitive/resistant strains. RESULTS Among 1815 febrile-pediatric patients, 90(4.9%) isolates of Salmonella enterica [serovar: Salmonella Typhi 62(68.8%) and Salmonella Paratyphi A 28(31.1%)] were recovered. The incidence of infection was higher among males, age groups 5 to 9, and patients enrolling in the out-patient department (OPD). On the disk-diffusion test, most isolates were sensitive against first-line drugs i.e.cephalosporins, and macrolides. However, against quinolones, a huge percentile 93.3%, of isolates were resistant [including 58 Typhiand 26 Paratyphiserovar] while nearly 14% were resistant against fluoroquinolones. When MICs breakpoint were adjusted as follows: 4 μg/ml for azithromycin, ≥1 μg/ml for ciprofloxacin, 2 μg/ml for ofloxacin, 8 μg/ml for nalidixic acid, and 1 μg/ml for cefixime, higher sensitivity and specificity achieved. Compared to other tested antibiotics, a low rate of azithromycin resistance was observed. Nevertheless, higher resistance against fluoroquinolones was observed on NARS strain. CONCLUSION Higher susceptibility of Salmonella enterica to the conventional anti-typhoidal drugs (amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, cephotaxime) advocates for its reconsideration. Although, the lower susceptibility against fluoroquinolones among nalidixic-acid-resistant Salmonella (NARS) strain negates its empirical use among the study age group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyatam Khadka
- Medical Microbiology, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | - Januka Thapaliya
- Medical Microbiology, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shovana Thapa
- International Friendship Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Vishvakarma VK, Chandra R, Singh P. An Experimental and Theoretical Approach to Understand Fever, DENF & its Cure. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2020; 21:495-513. [PMID: 32888275 DOI: 10.2174/1871526520999200905122052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fever is a response of a human body, due to an increase in the temperature, against certain stimuli. It may be associated with several reasons and one of the major causes of fever is a mosquito bite. Fever due to dengue virus (DENV) infection is being paid most attention out of several other fever types because of a large number of deaths reported worldwide. Dengue virus is transmitted by biting of the mosquitoes, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. DENV1, DENV2, DENV3 and DENV4 are the four serotypes of dengue virus and these serotypes have 65% similarities in their genomic structure. The genome of DENV is composed of single-stranded RNA and it encodes for the polyprotein. Structural and non-structural proteins (nsP) are the two major parts of polyprotein. Researchers have paid high attention to the non-structural protease (nsP) of DENV like nsP1, nsP2A, nsP2B, nsP3, nsP4A, nsP4B and nsP5. The NS2B-NS3 protease of DENV is the prime target of the researchers as it is responsible for the catalytic activity. In the present time, Dengvaxia (vaccine) is being recommended to patients suffering severely from DENV infection in few countries only. Till date, neither a vaccine nor an effective medicine is available to combat all four serotypes. This review describes the fever, its causes, and studies to cure the infection due to DENV using theoretical and experimental approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar Vishvakarma
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ramesh Chandra
- Drug Discovery & Development Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Prashant Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khanam F, Rajib NH, Tonks S, Khalequzzaman M, Pollard AJ, Clemens JD, Qadri F, And The Strataa Study Team. Case Report: Salmonella Enterica Serovar Paratyphi B Infection in a Febrile Ill Child during Enhanced Passive Surveillance in an Urban Slum in Mirpur, Dhaka. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:231-233. [PMID: 32458786 PMCID: PMC7356450 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Paratyphoid fever is one of the major causes of morbidity of febrile illnesses in endemic regions. We report a case of high-grade fever in an infant who was positive for Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi B (S. Paratyphi B) both in blood and stool cultures. The baby was enrolled in the passive surveillance of multicenter, multicomponent epidemiological study of enteric fever (Strategic Typhoid alliance across Africa and Asia; STRATAA) conducted in a population of 110,000 residents over 2 years in an urban slum, Dhaka, Bangladesh. This is the only patient who was positive for S. Paratyphi B in blood and stool among more than 6,000 febrile ill patients enrolled in the passive surveillance. The report shows the significance of surveillance to identify changes in the epidemiology of enteric fever.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Khanam
- icddr,b, (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmul Hasan Rajib
- icddr,b, (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Susan Tonks
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Md Khalequzzaman
- icddr,b, (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, University of Oxford, and the NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - John D Clemens
- icddr,b, (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- icddr,b, (International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | |
Collapse
|