1
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Basak S, Hridayanka KSN, Duttaroy AK. Bioactives and their roles in bone metabolism of osteoarthritis: evidence and mechanisms on gut-bone axis. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1323233. [PMID: 38235147 PMCID: PMC10792057 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1323233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactives significantly modify and maintain human health. Available data suggest that Bioactives might play a beneficial role in chronic inflammatory diseases. Although promised, defining their mechanisms and opting to weigh their benefits and limitations is imperative. Detailed mechanisms by which critical Bioactives, including probiotics and prebiotics such as dietary lipids (DHA, EPA, alpha LA), vitamin D, polysaccharides (fructooligosaccharide), polyphenols (curcumin, resveratrol, and capsaicin) potentially modulate inflammation and bone metabolism is limited. Certain dietary bioactive significantly impact the gut microbiota, immune system, and pain response via the gut-immune-bone axis. This narrative review highlights a recent update on mechanistic evidence that bioactive is demonstrated demonstrated to reduce osteoarthritis pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kota Sri Naga Hridayanka
- Molecular Biology Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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2
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Islam K, Rawoof A, Kumar A, Momo J, Ahmed I, Dubey M, Ramchiary N. Genetic Regulation, Environmental Cues, and Extraction Methods for Higher Yield of Secondary Metabolites in Capsicum. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37289974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Capsicum (chili pepper) is a widely popular and highly consumed fruit crop with beneficial secondary metabolites such as capsaicinoids, carotenoids, flavonoids, and polyphenols, among others. Interestingly, the secondary metabolite profile is a dynamic function of biosynthetic enzymes, regulatory transcription factors, developmental stage, abiotic and biotic environment, and extraction methods. We propose active manipulable genetic, environmental, and extraction controls for the modulation of quality and quantity of desired secondary metabolites in Capsicum species. Specific biosynthetic genes such as Pun (AT3) and AMT in the capsaicinoids pathway and PSY, LCY, and CCS in the carotenoid pathway can be genetically engineered for enhanced production of capsaicinoids and carotenoids, respectively. Generally, secondary metabolites increase with the ripening of the fruit; however, transcriptional regulators such as MYB, bHLH, and ERF control the extent of accumulation in specific tissues. The precise tuning of biotic and abiotic factors such as light, temperature, and chemical elicitors can maximize the accumulation and retention of secondary metabolites in pre- and postharvest settings. Finally, optimized extraction methods such as ultrasonication and supercritical fluid method can lead to a higher yield of secondary metabolites. Together, the integrated understanding of the genetic regulation of biosynthesis, elicitation treatments, and optimization of extraction methods can maximize the industrial production of secondary metabolites in Capsicum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khushbu Islam
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Abdul Rawoof
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod 671316, Kerala, India
| | - John Momo
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Ilyas Ahmed
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Meenakshi Dubey
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi 110042, India
| | - Nirala Ramchiary
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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3
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Yasin M, Li L, Donovan-Mak M, Chen ZH, Panchal SK. Capsicum Waste as a Sustainable Source of Capsaicinoids for Metabolic Diseases. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040907. [PMID: 36832982 PMCID: PMC9956217 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicinoids are pungent alkaloid compounds enriched with antioxidants, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, analgesics, anti-carcinogenic, anti-obesity and anti-diabetic properties. These compounds are primarily synthesised in the placenta of the fruit and then transported to other vegetative parts. Different varieties of capsicum and chillies contain different capsaicinoid concentrations. As capsicums and chillies are grown extensively throughout the world, their agricultural and horticultural production leads to significant amount of waste generation, in the form of fruits and plant biomass. Fruit wastes (placenta, seeds and unused fruits) and plant biowaste (stems and leaves) can serve as sources of capsaicinoids which can provide opportunities to extract these compounds for development of nutraceutical products using conventional or advanced extraction techniques. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin are two most abundantly found pungent compounds. Considering the health benefits of capsaicinoids, these compounds can help in reducing metabolic disease complications. The development of an advanced encapsulation therapy of safe and clinically effective oral capsaicinoid/capsaicin formulation seem to require evaluation of strategies to address challenges related to the dosage, limited half-life and bioavailability, adverse effects and pungency, and the impacts of other ligands antagonising the major capsaicinoid receptor.
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4
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Deng Y, Wang Y, Huo X, Deng S, Jin L, Zhang H, Yu Z, Ning J, Ma X, Wang C. Microbial transformation of capsaicin by several human intestinal fungi and their inhibitory effects against lysine-specific demethylase 1. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 202:113365. [PMID: 35940425 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin widely exists in the Capsicum genus (e.g., hot peppers) and is commonly used as a food additive or medicinal material. In this work, microbial transformation of capsaicin was performed based on the three cultivated human intestinal fungi. Fourteen metabolites were obtained, and their chemical structures were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis, including 13 compounds with undescribed structures. Hydroxylation, lactylation, succinylation, citric acylation, and acetylation were observed for these microbial metabolites derived from capsaicin, which indicated diverse catalytic characteristics of human intestinal fungi. In an in vitro bioassay, four metabolites and capsaicin inhibited the activity of lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) with a more than 70% inhibitory rate at 10 μM. In particular, 9,5'-dihydroxycapsaicin displayed the strongest inhibitory effect with an IC50 of 1.52 μM. Therefore, capsaicin analogs displayed potential application as LSD1 inhibitors against the invasion and migration of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokui Huo
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Sa Deng
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Houli Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlong Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Ning
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochi Ma
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Second Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Khan A, Naaz F, Basit R, Das D, Bisht P, Shaikh M, Lone BA, Pokharel YR, Ahmed QN, Parveen S, Ali I, Singh SK, Chashoo G, Shafi S. 1,2,3-Triazole Tethered Hybrid Capsaicinoids as Antiproliferative Agents Active against Lung Cancer Cells (A549). ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:32078-32100. [PMID: 36119972 PMCID: PMC9476207 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c03325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel 1,2,3-triazole derivatives of capsaicin and its structural isomer (new natural product hybrid capsaicinoid) were synthesized by exploiting one-/two-point modification of capsaicin without altering the amide linkage (neck). The newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antiproliferative activity against an NCI panel of 60 cancer cell lines at a single dose of 10 μM. Most of the compounds have demonstrated reduced growth between 55 and 95%, whereas capsaicin (10) has shown reduced growth between 0 and 24%. Compounds showing more than 50% growth inhibition were further evaluated for the IC50 value. Among the cell lines tested, lung cancer cell lines (A549, NCI-H460) were found to be more susceptible toward most of the synthesized compounds. Compounds 14g and 14j demonstrated good antiproliferative activity in NCI-H460 with IC50 values of 6.65 and 5.55 μM, respectively, while compounds 18b, 18c, 18f, and 18m demonstrated potential antiproliferative activity in A549 cell lines with IC50 values ranging between 2.9 and 10.5 μM. Among the compounds, compound 18f was found to demonstrate the best activity with an IC50 value of 2.91 μM against A549. Furthermore, 18f induces cell cycle arrest at the S-phase and disrupts the mitochondrial membrane potential, reducing cell migration potential by inducing cellular apoptosis and higher ROS generation along with a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in addition to surface and nuclear morphological alterations such as a reduction in the number and shrinkage of cells coupled with nuclear blabbing indicating the sign of apoptosis of A549 non-small cell lung cancer cell lines. Compound 18f has emerged as a lead molecule and may serve as a template for further discovery of capsaicinoid scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Khan
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Fatima Naaz
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Rafia Basit
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Deepak Das
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Piyush Bisht
- Faculty
of Life Sciences and Biology, South Asian
University, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Majeed Shaikh
- Natural
product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Bilal Ahmad Lone
- Faculty
of Life Sciences and Biology, South Asian
University, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Yuba Raj Pokharel
- Faculty
of Life Sciences and Biology, South Asian
University, New Delhi 110021, India
| | - Qazi Naveed Ahmed
- Natural
product and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Shazia Parveen
- Faculty
of Science, Chemistry Department, Taibah
University, Yanbu Branch, Yanbu 46423, Saudi
Arabia
| | - Intzar Ali
- Department
of Microbiology, Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shashank Kumar Singh
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Gousia Chashoo
- Pharmacology
Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Syed Shafi
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110062, India
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6
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Ayariga JA, Abugri DA, Amrutha B, Villafane R. Capsaicin Potently Blocks Salmonella typhimurium Invasion of Vero Cells. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11050666. [PMID: 35625310 PMCID: PMC9137802 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella typhimurium (S. typhimurium) is one of the major food and waterborne bacteria that causes several health outbreaks in the world. Although there are few antibiotics against this bacterium, some of these drugs are challenged with resistance and toxicity. To mitigate this challenge, our group explored the ethnomedicinal/herbalism knowledge about a certain spice used in Northern Ghana in West Africa against bacterial and viral infection. This plant is Capsicum chinense (C. chinense). The plant is one of the commonest food spices consumed across the world. The seed of the plant contains both capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. Apart from capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, other major capsaicinoids in C. chinense include nordihydrocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin, and homocapsaicin. In this pilot work, we investigated the antibacterial activity of pure capsaicin and capsaicin extract obtained from C. chinense against S. typhimurium in vitro. Capsaicin extract showed potent inhibition of S. typhimurium growth at concentrations as low as 100 ng/mL, whereas pure capsaicin comparatively showed poorer inhibition of bacteria growth at such a concentration. Interestingly, both capsaicin extract and pure capsaicin were found to potently block a S. typhimurium invasion of the Vero cell in vitro. Taken together, we believed that capsaicin might work synergistically with dihydrocapsaicin or the other capsaicinoids to inhibit S. typhimurium growth, whereas individually, capsaicin or dihydrocapsaicin could potently block the bacteria entry and invasion of Vero cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A. Ayariga
- The Biomedical Engineering Program, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA;
- Correspondence: (J.A.A.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Daniel A. Abugri
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA;
- Microbiology PhD Program, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
- Laboratory of Ethnomedicine, Parasitology, and Drug Discovery, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
- Correspondence: (J.A.A.); (D.A.A.)
| | - Balagopal Amrutha
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada;
| | - Robert Villafane
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA;
- Microbiology PhD Program, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA
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7
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Tyagi S, Shekhar N, Thakur AK. Protective Role of Capsaicin in Neurological Disorders: An Overview. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:1513-1531. [PMID: 35150419 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Different pathological conditions that begin with slow and progressive deformations, cause irreversible affliction by producing loss of neurons and synapses. Commonly it is referred to as 'protein misfolding' diseases or proteinopathies and comprises the latest definition of neurological disorders (ND). Protein misfolding dynamics, proteasomal dysfunction, aggregation, defective degradation, oxidative stress, free radical formation, mitochondrial dysfunctions, impaired bioenergetics, DNA damage, neuronal Golgi apparatus fragmentation, axonal transport disruption, Neurotrophins (NTFs) dysfunction, neuroinflammatory or neuroimmune processes, and neurohumoral changes are the several mechanisms that embark the pathogenesis of ND. Capsaicin (8-Methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) one of the major phenolic components in chili peppers (Capsicum) distinctively triggers the unmyelinated C-fiber and acts on Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-1, which is a Ca2+ permeable, non-selective cation channel. Several studies have shown the neuroprotective role of capsaicin against oxidative damage, behavioral impairment, with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) induced Parkinson's disease, pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures, global cerebral ischemia, and streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease. Based on these lines of evidence, capsaicin can be considered as a potential constituent to develop suitable neuro-pharmacotherapeutics for the management and treatment of ND. Furthermore, exploring newer horizons and carrying out proper clinical trials would help to bring out the promising effects of capsaicin to be recommended as a neuroprotectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakshi Tyagi
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110 017, India
| | - Nikhila Shekhar
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110 017, India
| | - Ajit Kumar Thakur
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110 017, India.
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8
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Elmas C, Gezer C. Capsaicin and Its Effects on Body Weight. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:831-839. [PMID: 34383610 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2021.1962771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin is a bioactive compound found in the fruits (i.e., peppers) of the plant genus Capsicum, which is widely used in many cultures. Besides many health effects of this compound, it can also be effective in body weight control through various mechanisms such as regulating lipolysis in adipocytes, increasing the feeling of satiety, stimulating energy expenditure, and reducing energy intake. This study investigated capsaicin and its effects on body weight control. In clinical studies, the amount of capsaicin affecting body weight loss differ. Longitudinal and randomized controlled studies are needed to explain the effects of capsaicin on body weight control.Key teaching points• Capsaicin can decrease hunger through hormones in the gastrointestinal tract.• Capsaicin can increase energy expenditure through brown adipose tissue.• Capsaicin can increase lipolysis in white adipose tissue.• More comprehensive studies are needed to clarify this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemre Elmas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Turkey
| | - Ceren Gezer
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, Turkey
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9
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Natural Bioactive Compounds as Potential Browning Agents in White Adipose Tissue. Pharm Res 2021; 38:549-567. [PMID: 33783666 PMCID: PMC8082541 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03027-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The epidemic of overweight and obesity underlies many common metabolic diseases. Approaches aimed to reduce energy intake and/or stimulate energy expenditure represent potential strategies to control weight gain. Adipose tissue is a major energy balancing organ. It can be classified as white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT). While WAT stores excess metabolic energy, BAT dissipates it as heat via adaptive thermogenesis. WAT also participates in thermogenesis by providing thermogenic fuels and by directly generating heat after browning. Browned WAT resembles BAT morphologically and metabolically and is classified as beige fat. Like BAT, beige fat can produce heat. Human adults have BAT-like or beige fat. Recruitment and activation of this fat type have the potential to increase energy expenditure, thereby countering against obesity and its metabolic complications. Given this, agents capable of inducing WAT browning have recently attracted broad attention from biomedical, nutritional and pharmaceutical societies. In this review, we summarize natural bioactive compounds that have been shown to promote beige adipocyte recruitment and activation in animals and cultured cells. We also discuss potential molecular mechanisms for each compound to induce adipose browning and metabolic benefits.
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10
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Yuan M, Zhao L, Li Y, Gao X, Zhang B, Zhang D, Li Y. Capsaicin on stem cell proliferation and fate determination - a novel perspective. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105566. [PMID: 33753245 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicin (CAP), a member of the vanilloid family, is the main active component of chili peppers, which has been widely explored for its various pharmacological effects and influence on cell physiology, such as axonal growth and apoptosis of tumor cells. In particular, CAP plays a crucial role in determining the proliferation and fate specification of stem cells by modulating a variety of signaling pathways, such as PPARγ, C/EBPα and Notch signaling. Since CAP-mediated processes are complex and multifactorial, we hope to achieve a better understanding of these processes and their implications in clinical applications. This review aims to shed light on the influences and mechanisms of CAP on the actions of various stem cells in adults and discusses the role of CAP in the different process of stem cell behaviors, including proliferation and differentiation. Our purpose is to provide certain prospects for the application of CAP and stem cell therapy in treating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China, 301617
| | - Lucy Zhao
- Institute for Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Functional Genomics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yuhong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China, 301617
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China, 301617
| | - Boli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China, 301617
| | - Deqin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China, 301617.
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China, 301617.
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11
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Dash S, Panda MK, Singh MC, Jit BP, Singh YD, Patra JK. Bioactive Molecules from the Alpinia Genus: A Comprehensive Review. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 21:1412-1421. [PMID: 32386487 DOI: 10.2174/1389201021666200510002409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Floral has diversity and unique nature due to the complex structure and component. Alpinia is an important genus of the Zingiberaceae family having complex taxonomical diversity. The presence of many unique bioactive molecules makes this genus, a pharmaceutically important genus. They provide a wide range of medicinal properties, including traditional remedies to modern therapeutic applications. METHODS Extracts of Alpinia mostly contain bioactive molecules and secondary metabolites such as polyphenolics, tannins, flavonoids and other therapeutically important compounds. These bioactive molecules are biologically active, treating against inflammation, cancer, arterial hypertension, and other deadly diseases. RESULTS These bioactive molecules can act as natural enzyme inhibitors for some of the deadly diseases and can block the pathway for metabolic activities. In addition, these genera have played a major role in multidisciplinary studies of phytochemistry, ethnobotany, and pharmacological aspects in day-to-day life. CONCLUSION Therefore, this review highlights the fewer known facts of the genus Alpinia in terms of bioactive molecules and its significant therapeutic applications to help in combating major diseases of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santwona Dash
- Department of Botany, School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Manasa K Panda
- Environment & Sustainability Dept., CSIR- Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar- 751013, Odisha, India
| | - Mayanglambam C Singh
- Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh-791102, India
| | - Bimal P Jit
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha-768019, India
| | - Yengkhom D Singh
- Department of Post Harvest Technology, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh-791102, India
| | - Jayanta K Patra
- Research Institute of Biotechnology & Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyangsi 10326, Korea
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12
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Hernández‐Pérez T, Gómez‐García MDR, Valverde ME, Paredes‐López O. Capsicum annuum(hot pepper): An ancient Latin‐American crop with outstanding bioactive compounds and nutraceutical potential. A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2972-2993. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Talía Hernández‐Pérez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Irapuato Guanajuato México
| | - María del Rocío Gómez‐García
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Irapuato Guanajuato México
| | - María Elena Valverde
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Irapuato Guanajuato México
| | - Octavio Paredes‐López
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioquímica, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN Irapuato Guanajuato México
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13
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Uarrota VG, Maraschin M, de Bairros ÂDFM, Pedreschi R. Factors affecting the capsaicinoid profile of hot peppers and biological activity of their non-pungent analogs (Capsinoids) present in sweet peppers. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:649-665. [PMID: 32212928 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1743642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Capsaicinoids are acid amides of C9-C11 branched-chain fatty acids and vanillylamine and constitute important chemical compounds of Capsicum annuum together with their non-pungent analogs (capsinoids) which have an impressive list of health benefit properties (i.e., analgesia, anti-obesity, thermogenic, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-virulence, anti-inflamatory, anti-diabetic, inhibits angiogenesis, and improves glucose metabolism) . In this review, the state of art on how capsaicinoids are affected by different pre- and postharvest factors is discussed together with their biological activity. For instance, high light intensity and heat treatments may reduce capsaicinoid content in fruits probably due to the loss of activity of capsaicin synthase (CS) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL). The pungency in peppers varies also with environment, genotype or cultivar, node position, fruiting and maturity stages, nitrogen and potassium contents. As the fruit mature, capsaicinoid levels increase. Fruits from the second node tend to have higher accumulation of pungency than those of other positions and the pungency decreases linearly as the node position increase. Sodium hydroxide treatment reduces the pungency of pepper fruit as it hydrolyzes and modifies one of the features (vanillyl group, the acid-amide linkage and alkyl side chain) of capsaicin molecule. Salt and water stress increase PAL and capsaicin synthase activity and increase the capsaicinoid accumulation in fruit, by negatively regulating peroxidase activity at appropriate levels. Future research must be directed in better understanding the changes of capsinoids during pre and post-harvest management, the causal drivers of the loss of activity of the aminotransferase gene (pAMT) and if possible, studies with genetically modified sweet peppers with functional pAMT. Available data provided in this review can be used in different agricultural programs related to developing new cultivars with specific pungency levels. The contents of capsaicinoids and capsinoids in both fresh fruits and marketed products are also of remarkable importance considering the preferences of certain niches in market where higher added-value products might be commercialized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgílio Gavicho Uarrota
- Department of Postharvest and Industrialization, Escuela de Agronomia, Calle San Francisco S/N, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, Chile
| | - Marcelo Maraschin
- Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Plant Morphogenesis and Biochemistry Laboratory, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Ângela de Fátima M de Bairros
- Department of Education, Dom Jaime de Barros Câmara School of Basic Education (EEB-Dom Jaime de Barros Câmara), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Romina Pedreschi
- Department of Postharvest and Industrialization, Escuela de Agronomia, Calle San Francisco S/N, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Quillota, Chile
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14
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Abstract
Fruits come in a wide variety of colors, shapes, and flavors. This chapter will cover selected fruits that are known to be healthy and highly nutritious. These fruits were chosen due to their common usage and availability. Since it is not possible to cover all health benefits or essential nutrients and important phytochemicals of the fruit composition, this chapter will focus on the key valuable constituents and their potential health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan G Mohammed
- Qatar Research Leadership Program (QRLP), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - M Walid Qoronfleh
- Research & Policy Department, World Innovation Summit for Health (WISH), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar.
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15
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Del Rocio Moreno-Ramírez Y, Hernández-Bautista A, López PA, Vanoye-Eligio V, Torres-Rodríguez ML, Torres-Castillo JA. Variability in the Phytochemical Contents and Free Radical-Scavenging Capacity of Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum (Wild Piquin Chili). Chem Biodivers 2019; 16:e1900381. [PMID: 31403756 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201900381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The variability in the phytochemical concentrations of Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum has not been extensively analyzed among wild populations and ecologic niches in its phylogeographic area. This study aimed to determine the variations in the phytochemical and antioxidant contents of the wild Piquin chili. The total flavonoid content of hydroalcoholic extracts (0.06 to 0.70 mg equivalent of quercetin per gram of dry weight (mg QE/g DW)), free radical-scavenging capacity for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH. ) radicals (0.55 to 8.55 mm TE/g DW), amount of 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS+ ) in aqueous extracts (18.13 to 107.6 mm TE/g DW) and pungency (21,760 to 88,476 Scoville heat units) were highly variable. By analyzing the spatial distribution using the first three principal components, correlations between the phytochemical content and the free radical-scavenging capacity (in both extracts) and flavonoid and phenolic contents (in the hydroalcoholic extract) were observed. Consistent with the statistical analysis, the spatial analysis showed intraregional differences in composition patterns, with an emphasis on central and coastal areas. Flavonoid contents, polyphenol contents and free radical-scavenging activity were the phytochemical components that mainly contributed to the diversity of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pedro A López
- Colegio de Postgraduados, Campus Puebla, San Pedro Cholula, Puebla, 72760, México
| | - Venancio Vanoye-Eligio
- Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, 87000, México
| | - María Lorena Torres-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, 87000, México
| | - Jorge Ariel Torres-Castillo
- Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Instituto de Ecología Aplicada, Ciudad Victoria, Tamaulipas, 87000, México
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16
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Zhong F, Liu Z, Han Y, Guo Y. Electrochemical Sensor for Sensitive Determination of Capsaicin Using Pd Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide. ELECTROANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201900048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faqiang Zhong
- Institute of Environmental ScienceShanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Zhiguang Liu
- Institute of Environmental ScienceShanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Yujie Han
- Institute of Environmental ScienceShanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
| | - Yujing Guo
- Institute of Environmental ScienceShanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China
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17
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Zhai X, Feng Y, Liu J, Li J, Zong Y, Tuo Z, Gao S, Lv Y. Pharmacokinetic effects of capsaicin on vinblastine in rats mediated by CYP3A and Mrp2. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2019; 33:376-384. [PMID: 30632627 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejia Zhai
- Department of Pharmacy Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Yiming Feng
- Department of Interventional Radiology Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Jun Liu
- Cancer Center Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Jie Li
- Cancer Center Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Yan Zong
- Cancer Center Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Zhan Tuo
- Cancer Center Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China
| | - Shenrong Gao
- Department of Pharmacy Hubei Provincial Hospital of TCM Wuhan 430061 China
| | - Yi Lv
- Department of Pharmacy Union Hospital Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430022 China
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18
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Bort A, Sánchez BG, Spínola E, Mateos-Gómez PA, Rodríguez-Henche N, Díaz-Laviada I. The red pepper's spicy ingredient capsaicin activates AMPK in HepG2 cells through CaMKKβ. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211420. [PMID: 30695053 PMCID: PMC6350977 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Capsaicin is a natural compound present in chili and red peppers and the responsible of their spicy flavor. It has recently provoked interest because of its antitumoral effects in many cell types although its action mechanism is not clearly understood. As metabolic dysregulation is one of the hallmarks of cancer cells and the key metabolic sensor in the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), in this study we explored the ability of capsaicin to modulate AMPK activity. We found that capsaicin activated AMPK in HepG2 cells by increasing AMPK phosphorylation and its downstream target ACC. Mechanistically, we determined that capsaicin activated AMPK through the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β, CaMKKβ as either the CaMKK inhibitor STO-609 or CaMKK knock down with siRNA abrogated the activation of AMPK. Moreover, capsaicin decreased cell viability, inhibited Akt/mTOR pathway and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HepG2 cells. AMPK activation was involved in the underpinning mechanism of capsaicin-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Bort
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén G. Sánchez
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Spínola
- University Institute of Biomedical and Health Research (IUIBS), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Physiology, Genetics and Immunology, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Pedro A. Mateos-Gómez
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nieves Rodríguez-Henche
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Díaz-Laviada
- Department of Systems Biology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcala, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- Chemical Research Institute “Andrés M. del Río” (IQAR), University of Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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19
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Kim YK, Nam MS, Bae HC. Characteristics of Gouda Cheese Supplemented with Chili Pepper Extract Microcapsules. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2017; 37:833-839. [PMID: 29725204 PMCID: PMC5932942 DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2017.37.6.833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the physicochemical and sensory properties of Gouda cheese supplemented with microcapsules of chili pepper extract were evaluated. Microcapsules of pepper extract were prepared by coacervation technique using gum acacia-gelatin wall and chili pepper oil core. Changes in pH, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) population, and free amino acid (FAA) content after supplementation of Gouda cheese with chili pepper capsules were monitored during ripening. Texture and sensory characteristics of the Gouda cheese ripened for 6 months were evaluated. The supplementation of pepper extract microcapsules (0.5% or 1%, w/w) did not influence the pH values and LAB content of the Gouda cheese (p<0.05) during the ripening period. While the content of total FAA increased with the ripening process in all the cheese groups (p<0.05), no significant difference (p<0.05) in the content of total FAA was observed among the sample groups at each time point. The addition of pepper extract microcapsules (1%, w/w) to Gouda cheese significantly decreased hardness (p<0.05) and negatively affected sensory attributes in terms of taste and texture (p<0.05). The results demonstrated that supplementation with 0.5% pepper extract microcapsules could provide additional bioactive ingredients, along with maintenance of the quality of Gouda cheese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoo Kyeong Kim
- Department of Home Economics Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.,Division of Animal Resource Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Myoung Soo Nam
- Division of Animal Resource Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Hyoung Churl Bae
- Division of Animal Resource Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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