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Roman J, Ge S, Bouaraphan S, Fink M, Trausch JJ, Verch T. Use of a Microfluidic Platform To Evaluate and Predict Reagent Performance in Microtiter Plate-Based Immunoassays. Anal Chem 2024; 96:3489-3497. [PMID: 38349730 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Selection and characterization of antibodies are critically important in establishing robust immunoassays to support the development efforts of vaccines. Plate-based ELISA can be time- and resource-intensive to select initial antibody clones or characterize downstream resupply lots while providing limited information regarding the binding characteristics of the antibodies beyond concentration-response curves. This work applied the microfluidic Gyrolab to holistically evaluate immunoassay reagents through analyses of concentration-response curves as well as antibody-antigen interactions visualized in column images and affinity estimates. We exploited the automation capability of the Gyrolab to reduce the resources (time, reagents, and scientists) required for screening and evaluating antibody reagents. Using a flexible semi-universal assay format, we compared antibody clones for selection and resupply lots of sera and monoclonal antibodies in a simple "plug-and-play" manner without antibody modifications. We found that the performance of antibodies in the Gyrolab correlated well with the trends observed in traditional ELISAs, while the Gyrolab provided additional advantages over plate-based assays such as column images of antibody binding and affinity measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette Roman
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | - Shencheng Ge
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | | | - Malorie Fink
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
| | | | - Thorsten Verch
- Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, Pennsylvania 19486, United States
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Liu V, McGrath K, Albert J, Mayer AP, Busz M, Birchler M, Tang H, Jiang Y. Screening Non-neutralizing Anti-idiotype Antibodies Against a Drug Candidate for Total Pharmacokinetic and Target Engagement Assay. AAPS J 2024; 26:18. [PMID: 38267774 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00892-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-neutralizing anti-idiotype antibodies against a therapeutic monoclonal antibody (mAb) play a crucial role in the creation of total pharmacokinetic (PK) assays and total target engagement (TE) assays during both pre-clinical and clinical development. The development of these anti-idiotype antibodies is challenging. In this study, we utilized a hybridoma platform to produce a variety of anti-idiotype antibodies against GSK2857914, a humanized IgG1 anti-BCMA monoclonal antibody. The candidate clones were evaluated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and bio-layer interferometry (BLI) for binding affinity, binding profiling, matrix interference, and antibody pairing determination. We discovered that three anti-idiotype antibodies did not prevent BCMA from binding to GSK2857914. All three candidates demonstrated high binding affinities. One of the three exhibited minimal matrix inference and could pair with the other two candidates. Additionally, one of the three clones was biotinylated as a capture reagent for the total PK assay, and another was labeled with ruthenium as a detection reagent for both the total PK assay and total TE assay. The assay results clearly show that these reagents are genuine non-neutralizing anti-idiotypic antibodies and are suitable for total PK and TE assay development. Based on this and similar studies, we conclude that the hybridoma platform has a high success rate for generating non-neutralizing anti-idiotype antibodies. Our methodology for developing and characterizing non-neutralizing anti-idiotype antibodies to therapeutic antibodies can be generally applied to any antibody-based drug candidate's total PK and total TE assay development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Liu
- Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity & Biomarkers GSK R&D, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Kelly McGrath
- Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity & Biomarkers GSK R&D, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Josh Albert
- Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity & Biomarkers GSK R&D, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Andrew P Mayer
- Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity & Biomarkers GSK R&D, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Maria Busz
- Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity & Biomarkers GSK R&D, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Mary Birchler
- Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity & Biomarkers GSK R&D, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Huaping Tang
- Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity & Biomarkers GSK R&D, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA
| | - Yong Jiang
- Bioanalysis, Immunogenicity & Biomarkers GSK R&D, 1250 S. Collegeville Rd, Collegeville, PA, 19426, USA.
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Current and effective strategies for critical reagent characterization, storage, stability, retesting and life cycle management for ligand-binding assays and flow cytometry. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:737-740. [PMID: 34037426 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2021-0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Critical reagent generation, characterization, handling and storage workflows: impact on ligand binding assays. Bioanalysis 2021; 13:847-860. [PMID: 33890503 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The foundation of pharmacokinetics and antidrug antibodies assay robustness relies on the use of high-quality reagents. Over the past decade, there has been increasing interest within the pharmaceutical industry, as well as regulators, on defining best practices and scientific approaches for generation, characterization and handling of critical reagents. In this review, we will discuss current knowledge and practices on critical reagent workflows and state-of-the-art approaches for characterization, generation, stability and storage and how each of these steps can impact ligand-binding assay robustness.
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