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Ding X, Li X, Jiang Y, Li Y, Li H, Shang L, Feng G, Zhang H, Xu Z, Yang L, Li B, Zhao RC. RGS20 promotes non-small cell lung carcinoma proliferation via autophagy activation and inhibition of the PKA-Hippo signaling pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:93. [PMID: 38431606 PMCID: PMC10909273 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03282-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel therapeutic targets are urgently needed for treating drug-resistant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and overcoming drug resistance to molecular-targeted therapies. Regulator of G protein signaling 20 (RGS20) is identified as an upregulated factor in many cancers, yet its specific role and the mechanism through which RGS20 functions in NSCLC remain unclear. Our study aimed to identify the role of RGS20 in NSCLC prognosis and delineate associated cellular and molecular pathways. METHODS Immunohistochemistry and lung cancer tissue microarray were used to verify the expression of RGS20 between NSCLC patients. CCK8 and cell cloning were conducted to determine the proliferation ability of H1299 and Anip973 cells in vitro. Furthermore, Transcriptome sequencing was performed to show enrichment genes and pathways. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the translocation changes of YAP to nucleus. Western blotting demonstrated different expressions of autophagy and the Hippo-PKA signal pathway. In vitro and in vivo experiments verified whether overexpression of RGS20 affect the proliferation and autophagy of NSCLC through regulating the Hippo pathway. RESULTS The higher RGS20 expression was found to be significantly correlated with a poorer five-year survival rate. Further, RGS20 accelerated cell proliferation by increasing autophagy. Transcriptomic sequencing suggested the involvement of the Hippo signaling pathway in the action of RGS20 in NSCLC. RGS20 activation reduced YAP phosphorylation and facilitated its nuclear translocation. Remarkably, inhibiting Hippo signaling with GA-017 promoted cell proliferation and activated autophagy in RGS20 knock-down cells. However, forskolin, a GPCR activator, increased YAP phosphorylation and reversed the promoting effect of RGS20 in RGS20-overexpressing cells. Lastly, in vivo experiments further confirmed role of RGS20 in aggravating tumorigenicity, as its overexpression increased NSCLC cell proliferation. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that RGS20 drives NSCLC cell proliferation by triggering autophagy via the inhibition of PKA-Hippo signaling. These insights support the role of RGS20 as a promising novel molecular marker and a target for future targeted therapies in lung cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Ding
- School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanxia Jiang
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yujun Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lipeng Shang
- School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guilin Feng
- School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huhu Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ziyuan Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lina Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Bing Li
- School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Robert Chunhua Zhao
- School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100005, China.
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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Sarsani V, Brotman SM, Xianyong Y, Fernandes Silva L, Laakso M, Spracklen CN. A cross-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis, fine-mapping, and gene prioritization approach to characterize the genetic architecture of adiponectin. HGG ADVANCES 2024; 5:100252. [PMID: 37859345 PMCID: PMC10652123 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2023.100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous genome-wide association studies (GWASs) for adiponectin, a complex trait linked to type 2 diabetes and obesity, identified >20 associated loci. However, most loci were identified in populations of European ancestry, and many of the target genes underlying the associations remain unknown. We conducted a cross-ancestry adiponectin GWAS meta-analysis in ≤46,434 individuals from the Metabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM) cohort and the ADIPOGen and AGEN consortiums. We combined study-specific association summary statistics using a fixed-effects, inverse variance-weighted approach. We identified 22 loci associated with adiponectin (p < 5×10-8), including 15 known and seven previously unreported loci. Among individuals of European ancestry, Genome-wide Complex Traits Analysis joint conditional analysis (GCTA-COJO) identified 14 additional distinct signals at the ADIPOQ, CDH13, HCAR1, and ZNF664 loci. Leveraging the cross-ancestry data, FINEMAP + SuSiE identified 45 causal variants (PP > 0.9), which also exhibited potential pleiotropy for cardiometabolic traits. To prioritize target genes at associated loci, we propose a combinatorial likelihood scoring formalism (Gene Priority Score [GPScore]) based on measures derived from 11 gene prioritization strategies and the physical distance to the transcription start site. With GPScore, we prioritize the 30 most probable target genes underlying the adiponectin-associated variants in the cross-ancestry analysis, including well-known causal genes (e.g., ADIPOQ, CDH13) and additional genes (e.g., CSF1, RGS17). Functional association networks revealed complex interactions of prioritized genes, their functionally connected genes, and their underlying pathways centered around insulin and adiponectin signaling, indicating an essential role in regulating energy balance in the body, inflammation, coagulation, fibrinolysis, insulin resistance, and diabetes. Overall, our analyses identify and characterize adiponectin association signals and inform experimental interrogation of target genes for adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Sarsani
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Sarah M Brotman
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yin Xianyong
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Lillian Fernandes Silva
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Cassandra N Spracklen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
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3
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Yang C, Zhang X, Yang X, Lian F, Sun Z, Huang Y, Shen W. Function and regulation of RGS family members in solid tumours: a comprehensive review. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:316. [PMID: 37924113 PMCID: PMC10623796 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01334-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a key role in regulating the homeostasis of the internal environment and are closely associated with tumour progression as major mediators of cellular signalling. As a diverse and multifunctional group of proteins, the G protein signalling regulator (RGS) family was proven to be involved in the cellular transduction of GPCRs. Growing evidence has revealed dysregulation of RGS proteins as a common phenomenon and highlighted the key roles of these proteins in human cancers. Furthermore, their differential expression may be a potential biomarker for tumour diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. Most importantly, there are few systematic reviews on the functional/mechanistic characteristics and clinical application of RGS family members at present. In this review, we focus on the G-protein signalling regulator (RGS) family, which includes more than 20 family members. We analysed the classification, basic structure, and major functions of the RGS family members. Moreover, we summarize the expression changes of each RGS family member in various human cancers and their important roles in regulating cancer cell proliferation, stem cell maintenance, tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis. On this basis, we outline the molecular signalling pathways in which some RGS family members are involved in tumour progression. Finally, their potential application in the precise diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of different types of cancers and the main possible problems for clinical application at present are discussed. Our review provides a comprehensive understanding of the role and potential mechanisms of RGS in regulating tumour progression. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Xiaowen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Fuming Lian
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Zongrun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China
| | - Yongming Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China.
| | - Wenzhi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Precision Oncology in Universities of Shandong, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, China.
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Li L, Xu Q, Tang C. RGS proteins and their roles in cancer: friend or foe? Cancer Cell Int 2023; 23:81. [PMID: 37118788 PMCID: PMC10148553 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-023-02932-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
As negative modulators of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signaling, regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins facilitate various downstream cellular signalings through regulating kinds of heterotrimeric G proteins by stimulating the guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activity of G-protein α (Gα) subunits. The expression of RGS proteins is dynamically and precisely mediated by several different mechanisms including epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation -and post-translational regulation. Emerging evidence has shown that RGS proteins act as important mediators in controlling essential cellular processes including cell proliferation, survival -and death via regulating downstream cellular signaling activities, indicating that RGS proteins are fundamentally involved in sustaining normal physiological functions and dysregulation of RGS proteins (such as aberrant expression of RGS proteins) is closely associated with pathologies of many diseases such as cancer. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms governing the expression of RGS proteins, and further discuss the relationship of RGS proteins and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333, Binsheng Rd., Hangzhou, 310052, People's Republic of China
- Department of Urology, Third Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 201805, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333, Binsheng Rd., Hangzhou, 310052, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Tang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health of the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333, Binsheng Rd., Hangzhou, 310052, People's Republic of China.
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Using GPCRs as Molecular Beacons to Target Ovarian Cancer with Nanomedicines. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102362. [PMID: 35625966 PMCID: PMC9140059 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The five-year survival rate for women with ovarian cancer is very poor despite radical cytoreductive surgery and chemotherapy. Although most patients initially respond to platinum-based chemotherapy, the majority experience recurrence and ultimately develop chemoresistance, resulting in fatal outcomes. The current administration of cytotoxic compounds is hampered by dose-limiting severe adverse effects. There is an unmet clinical need for targeted drug delivery systems that transport chemotherapeutics selectively to tumor cells while minimizing off-target toxicity. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of membrane receptors, and many are overexpressed in solid tumors, including ovarian cancer. This review summarizes the progress in engineered nanoparticle research for drug delivery for ovarian cancer and discusses the potential use of GPCRs as molecular entry points to deliver anti-cancer compounds into ovarian cancer cells. A newly emerging treatment paradigm could be the personalized design of nanomedicines on a case-by-case basis.
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RGS20 Promotes Tumor Progression through Modulating PI3K/AKT Signaling Activation in Penile Cancer. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:1293622. [PMID: 35498542 PMCID: PMC9042636 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1293622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Regulator of G protein signaling 20 (RGS20) plays an important role in regulating neuronal G protein-coupled receptor signaling; however, its expression and oncogenic function in penile cancer (PC) remains unclear. Here, we observed high RGS20 expression in PC tissues compared to normal/adjacent penile tissues, which was closely associated with tumor stage, nodal status, and pelvic metastasis in our PC cohort. The cellular functional analysis of RGS20 revealed that manipulation of the RGS20 expression markedly affected cell viability, BrdU incorporation, soft agar clonogenesis, caspase-3 activity, and cell migration/invasion in PC cell models. Moreover, RGS20 could interact with PI3K p85α subunit and regulate PI3K/AKT signaling activation in PC cell lines. Knockdown of the PI3K p85α or p110α subunit attenuated cell viability, BrdU incorporation, soft agar clonogenesis, and cell migration/invasion in PC cell lines. In contrast, the overexpression of constitutively activated PI3K p110α mutant restored cell proliferation and cell migration/invasion caused by RGS20 depletion in PC cells. Consistent with the in vitro findings, RGS20 depletion attenuated PI3K/AKT signaling activation and suppressed tumor growth in a murine xenograft model. Importantly, the high RGS20 expression was associated with PI3K/AKT signaling activation and unfavorable progression-free/overall survival, highlighting the clinical relevance of RGS20/PI3K/AKT signaling in PC. In conclusion, the aberrant RGS20 expression may serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for PC. RGS20 may promote PC progression through modulating PI3K/AKT signaling activation, which may assist with the development of RGS20-targeting therapeutics in the future.
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Wang S, Zhang C, Chen R. Circ_0006220 promotes non-small cell lung cancer progression via sponging miR-203-3p and regulating RGS17 expression. Hum Exp Toxicol 2022; 41:9603271211062854. [PMID: 35041543 DOI: 10.1177/09603271211062854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the most common malignancy, and its mortality ranks first among malignancies. Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) is the most common pathological subtype of lung cancer. It is reported that circular RNAs (circRNAs) feature prominently in the occurrence and metastasis of NSCLC. PURPOSE This study aims to decipher the biological functions of circ_0006220 in NSCLC and the underlying mechanism. METHODS The microarray data (GSE101586) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, and differentially expressed circRNAs in NSCLC tissues were screened using the GEO2R tool. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for detecting the expression of circ_0006220, miR-203-3p, and regulator of G-protein signaling 17 (RGS17) mRNA in NSCLC tissues and cells. The connection between circ_0006220 expression and clinicopathological indicators was analyzed through the chi-square test. EdU and cell counting kit-8 assays were carried out to detect cell growth. Cell migration and invasion were detected by transwell assays. Bioinformatics was used to predict, and RNA immunoprecipitation assay and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay were conducted for verifying, the targeted relationship among circ_0006220, miR-203-3p, and RGS17. RESULTS The expression of circ_0006220 was elevated in NSCLC cells and tissues, and high circ_0006220 expression was significantly associated with unfavorable clinicopathological indicators. In addition, it was revealed that circ_0006220 overexpression facilitated NSCLC cell growth, migration, and invasion, whereas knocking down circ_0006220 had contrary effects. Furthermore, miR-203-3p was identified as a downstream target of circ_0006220, and circ_0006220 could sponge miR-203-3p; RGS17 was identified as a downstream target of miR-203-3p and was positively modulated by circ_0006220. CONCLUSIONS Circ_0006220 up-regulates RGS17 expression by adsorbing miR-203-3p to promote NSCLC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochun Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 159431Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 159431Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Ruilin Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 159431Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, China
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Hu Y, Zheng M, Wang S, Gao L, Gou R, Liu O, Dong H, Li X, Lin B. Identification of a five-gene signature of the RGS gene family with prognostic value in ovarian cancer. Genomics 2021; 113:2134-2144. [PMID: 33845140 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The RGS (regulator of G protein signaling) gene family, which includes negative regulators of G protein-coupled receptors, comprises important drug targets for malignant tumors. It is thus of great significance to explore the value of RGS family genes for diagnostic and prognostic prediction in ovarian cancer. The RNA-seq, immunophenotype, and stem cell index data of pan-cancer, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, and GTEx data of ovarian cancer were downloaded from the UCSC Xena database. In the pan-cancer database, the expression level of RGS1, RGS18, RGS19, and RGS13 was positively correlated with stromal and immune cell scores. Cancer patients with high RGS18 expression were more sensitive to cyclophosphamide and nelarabine, whereas those with high RGS19 expression were more sensitive to cladribine and nelarabine. The relationship between RGS family gene expression and overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of ovarian cancer patients was analyzed using the KM-plotter database, RGS17, RGS16, RGS1, and RGS8 could be used as diagnostic biomarkers of the immune subtype of ovarian cancer, and RGS10 and RGS16 could be used as biomarkers to predict the clinical stage of this disease. Further, Lasso cox analysis identified a five-gene risk score (RGS11, RGS10, RGS13, RGS4, and RGS3). Multivariate COX analysis showed that the risk score was an independent prognostic factor for patients with ovarian cancer. Immunohistochemistry and the HPA protein database confirmed that the five-gene signature is overexpressed in ovarian cancer. GSEA showed that it is mainly involved in the ECM-receptor interaction, TGF-beta signaling pathway, Wnt signaling pathway, and chemokine signaling pathway, which promote the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer. The prediction model of ovarian cancer constructed using RGS family genes is of great significance for clinical decision making and the personalized treatment of patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, China
| | - Mingjun Zheng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lingling Gao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, China
| | - Rui Gou
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ouxuan Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bei Lin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China; Key Laboratory of Maternal-Fetal Medicine of Liaoning Province, Key Laboratory of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Higher Education of Liaoning Province, China.
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Cortés-Montero E, Rodríguez-Muñoz M, Sánchez-Blázquez P, Garzón-Niño J. Human HINT1 Mutant Proteins that Cause Axonal Motor Neuropathy Exhibit Anomalous Interactions with Partner Proteins. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:1834-1845. [PMID: 33404983 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02265-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The 14 kDa histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) is critical to maintain the normal function of motor neurons. Thus, a series of human HINT1 mutants cause autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia. HINT1 establishes a series of regulatory interactions with signaling proteins, some of which are enriched in motor neurons, such as the type 1 sigma receptor or intracellular domain (ICD) of transmembrane teneurin 1, both of which are also implicated in motor disturbances. In a previous study, we reported the capacity of HINT1 to remove the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) from a series of substrates and the influence of HINT1 mutants on this activity. We now report how human HINT1 mutations affect the interaction of HINT1 with the regulator of its SUMOylase activity, calcium-activated calmodulin, and its substrate SUMO. Moreover, HINT1 mutants exhibited anomalous interactions with G protein coupled receptors, such as the mu-opioid, and with glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors as well. Additionally, these HINT1 mutants showed impaired associations with transcriptional regulators such as the regulator of G protein signaling Z2 protein and the cleaved N-terminal ICD of teneurin 1. Thus, the altered enzymatic activity of human HINT1 mutants and their anomalous interactions with partner proteins may disrupt signaling pathways essential to the normal function of human motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Cortés-Montero
- Neuropharmacology, Cajal Institute, Department of Translational Neuroscience, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Neuropharmacology, Cajal Institute, Department of Translational Neuroscience, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Sánchez-Blázquez
- Neuropharmacology, Cajal Institute, Department of Translational Neuroscience, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Garzón-Niño
- Neuropharmacology, Cajal Institute, Department of Translational Neuroscience, CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Ma J, Wei H, Li X, Qu X. Hsa-miR-149-5p Suppresses Prostate Carcinoma Malignancy by Suppressing RGS17. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:2773-2783. [PMID: 33790651 PMCID: PMC8007479 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s281968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key players in the progression of human cancers. While several miRNAs have been reported to regulate the development of tumors, the molecular mechanisms and roles of miR-149-5p in prostate carcinoma (PCa) remain unclear. Our aim was to investigate the interaction and functions of miR-149-5p and RGS17 in PCa. Methods Microarray analysis was performed to identify the key miRNA and gene involved in PCa progression. The expression levels of miRNA and mRNA in PCa tissues and cells were verified by qRT-PCR. MTT assay, BrdU proliferation assay and wound-healing assay were applied to assess the effect of miR-149-5p and RGS17 on PCa cells’ viability, proliferation, and migration ability. The association between RGS17 and miR-149-5p was identify using dual-luciferase reporter assay and Western blot assay. Results Data analysis indicated the reduction of miR-149-5p expression in PCa tissues and cells. Experimental investigations also showed that this miRNA suppressed the viability, proliferation and migration ability of PCa cells. RGS17 was found to be the target of miR-149-5p, and the low expression of miR-149-5p upregulated RGS17 in PCa tissues and cells. The results of the cell-function assays showed that RGS17 acted as an oncogene in PCa even though its promotive effect could be reversed by miR-149-5p. Conclusion This research confirmed that by targeting and inhibiting RGS17, miR-149-5p could suppress PCa development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Ma
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongbing Wei
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianlin Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Qu
- Department of Urinary Surgery, The Third People's Hospital of Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, People's Republic of China
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Dai JY, Wang X, Wang B, Sun W, Jordahl KM, Kolb S, Nyame YA, Wright JL, Ostrander EA, Feng Z, Stanford JL. DNA methylation and cis-regulation of gene expression by prostate cancer risk SNPs. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008667. [PMID: 32226005 PMCID: PMC7145271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies have identified more than 100 SNPs that increase the risk of prostate cancer (PrCa). We identify and compare expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) and CpG methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs) among 147 established PrCa risk SNPs in primary prostate tumors (n = 355 from a Seattle-based study and n = 495 from The Cancer Genome Atlas, TCGA) and tumor-adjacent, histologically benign samples (n = 471 from a Mayo Clinic study). The role of DNA methylation in eQTL regulation of gene expression was investigated by data triangulation using several causal inference approaches, including a proposed adaptation of the Causal Inference Test (CIT) for causal direction. Comparing eQTLs between tumors and benign samples, we show that 98 of the 147 risk SNPs were identified as eQTLs in the tumor-adjacent benign samples, and almost all 34 eQTL identified in tumor sets were also eQTLs in the benign samples. Three lines of results support the causal role of DNA methylation. First, nearly 100 of the 147 risk SNPs were identified as meQTLs in one tumor set, and almost all eQTLs in tumors were meQTLs. Second, the loss of eQTLs in tumors relative to benign samples was associated with altered DNA methylation. Third, among risk SNPs identified as both eQTLs and meQTLs, mediation analyses suggest that over two-thirds have evidence of a causal role for DNA methylation, mostly mediating genetic influence on gene expression. In summary, we provide a comprehensive catalog of eQTLs, meQTLs and putative cancer genes for known PrCa risk SNPs. We observe that a substantial portion of germline eQTL regulatory mechanisms are maintained in the tumor development, despite somatic alterations in tumor genome. Finally, our mediation analyses illuminate the likely intermediary role of CpG methylation in eQTL regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Y. Dai
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kristina M. Jordahl
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Suzanne Kolb
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Yaw A. Nyame
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jonathan L. Wright
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Elaine A. Ostrander
- Cancer Genetics and Comparative Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ziding Feng
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Janet L. Stanford
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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12
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Shaw VS, Mohammadi M, Quinn JA, Vashisth H, Neubig RR. An Interhelical Salt Bridge Controls Flexibility and Inhibitor Potency for Regulators of G-protein Signaling Proteins 4, 8, and 19. Mol Pharmacol 2019; 96:683-691. [PMID: 31543506 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.117176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS) proteins modulate receptor signaling by binding to activated G-protein α-subunits, accelerating GTP hydrolysis. Selective inhibition of RGS proteins increases G-protein activity and may provide unique tissue specificity. Thiadiazolidinones (TDZDs) are covalent inhibitors that act on cysteine residues to inhibit RGS4, RGS8, and RGS19. There is a correlation between protein flexibility and potency of inhibition by the TDZD 4-[(4- fluorophenyl)methyl]-2-(4-methylphenyl)-1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione (CCG-50014). In the context of a single conserved cysteine residue on the α 4 helix, RGS19 is the most flexible and most potently inhibited by CCG-50014, followed by RGS4 and RGS8. In this work, we identify residues responsible for differences in both flexibility and potency of inhibition among RGS isoforms. RGS19 lacks a charged residue on the α 4 helix that is present in RGS4 and RGS8. Introducing a negative charge at this position (L118D) increased the thermal stability of RGS19 and decreased the potency of inhibition of CCG-50014 by 8-fold. Mutations eliminating salt bridge formation in RGS8 and RGS4 decreased thermal stability in RGS8 and increased potency of inhibition of both RGS4 and RGS8 by 4- and 2-fold, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulations with an added salt bridge in RGS19 (L118D) showed reduced RGS19 flexibility. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange studies showed striking differences in flexibility in the α 4 helix of RGS4, 8, and 19 with salt bridge-modifying mutations. These results show that the α 4 salt bridge-forming residue controls flexibility in several RGS isoforms and supports a causal relationship between RGS flexibility and the potency of TDZD inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Inhibitor potency is often viewed in relation to the static structure of a target protein binding pocket. Using both experimental and computation studies we assess determinants of dynamics and inhibitor potency for three different RGS proteins. A single salt bridge-forming residue determines differences in flexibility between RGS isoforms; mutations either increase or decrease protein motion with correlated alterations in inhibitor potency. This strongly suggests a causal relationship between RGS protein flexibility and covalent inhibitor potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent S Shaw
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (V.S.S., J.A.Q., R.R.N.) and Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D., Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (R.R.N.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire (M.M., H.V.)
| | - Mohammadjavad Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (V.S.S., J.A.Q., R.R.N.) and Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D., Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (R.R.N.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire (M.M., H.V.)
| | - Josiah A Quinn
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (V.S.S., J.A.Q., R.R.N.) and Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D., Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (R.R.N.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire (M.M., H.V.)
| | - Harish Vashisth
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (V.S.S., J.A.Q., R.R.N.) and Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D., Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (R.R.N.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire (M.M., H.V.)
| | - Richard R Neubig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (V.S.S., J.A.Q., R.R.N.) and Nicholas V. Perricone, M.D., Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine (R.R.N.), Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire (M.M., H.V.)
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13
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Cortés-Montero E, Rodríguez-Muñoz M, Sánchez-Blázquez P, Garzón J. The Axonal Motor Neuropathy-Related HINT1 Protein Is a Zinc- and Calmodulin-Regulated Cysteine SUMO Protease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:503-520. [PMID: 31088288 PMCID: PMC6648240 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Aims: Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein 1 (HINT1) exhibits proapoptotic and tumor-suppressive activity. HINT1 binds to transcription factors such as teneurin1 and to the regulator of G protein signaling 17 (RGS) (Z2) protein, which incorporates the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO), and is implicated in several types of cancer. HINT1 interacts with proteins such as PKCγ and Raf-1 through zinc ions provided by the cysteine-rich domain of RGSZ2 and the coupled neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS). Recently, a series of HINT1 mutants have been reported to cause human autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy with neuromyotonia (ARAN-NM). However, the specific alteration in the function of HINT1 induced by these mutants remains to be elucidated. Because sumoylation modifies protein association and transcriptional regulation, we investigated whether HINT1 exhibits zinc- and redox-regulated sumoylase activity, which may be altered in those mutants. Results: HINT1 exhibits cysteine protease activity to remove SUMO from a variety of signaling proteins. HINT1 sumoylase activity is blocked by zinc, and it is released by nitric oxide or calcium-activated calmodulin (CaM). HINT1 contains a SUMO-interacting motif (110-116 HIHLHVL) and the catalytic triad Cys84-Asp87-His114 in the C-terminal region. Thus, zinc probably provided by the RGSZ2-nNOS complex may bind to Cys84 to block HINT1 isopeptidase activity. Innovation: To date, HINT1 is the only sumoylase that is regulated by two alternate pathways, redox- and calcium-activated CaM. Conclusion: The 15 human HINT1 mutants reported to cause ARAN-NM exhibited altered sumoylase activity, which may contribute to the onset of this human motor disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Cortés-Montero
- Neuropharmacology, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Neuropharmacology, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Sánchez-Blázquez
- Neuropharmacology, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Garzón
- Neuropharmacology, Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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14
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Structural motifs in the RGS RZ subfamily combine to attenuate interactions with Gα subunits. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:2736-2741. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Zhang P, Xia JH, Zhu J, Gao P, Tian YJ, Du M, Guo YC, Suleman S, Zhang Q, Kohli M, Tillmans LS, Thibodeau SN, French AJ, Cerhan JR, Wang LD, Wei GH, Wang L. High-throughput screening of prostate cancer risk loci by single nucleotide polymorphisms sequencing. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2022. [PMID: 29789573 PMCID: PMC5964124 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04451-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional characterization of disease-causing variants at risk loci has been a significant challenge. Here we report a high-throughput single-nucleotide polymorphisms sequencing (SNPs-seq) technology to simultaneously screen hundreds to thousands of SNPs for their allele-dependent protein-binding differences. This technology takes advantage of higher retention rate of protein-bound DNA oligos in protein purification column to quantitatively sequence these SNP-containing oligos. We apply this technology to test prostate cancer-risk loci and observe differential allelic protein binding in a significant number of selected SNPs. We also test a unique application of self-transcribing active regulatory region sequencing (STARR-seq) in characterizing allele-dependent transcriptional regulation and provide detailed functional analysis at two risk loci (RGS17 and ASCL2). Together, we introduce a powerful high-throughput pipeline for large-scale screening of functional SNPs at disease risk loci. Functional characterization of disease-causing variants at risk loci in cancer is challenging. Here, in prostate cancer the authors report a pipeline for high-throughput single-nucleotide polymorphisms sequencing (SNPs-seq) for large scale screening of functional SNPs at disease risk loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Pathology, MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Ji-Han Xia
- Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 A, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jing Zhu
- Department of Pathology, MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Ping Gao
- Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 A, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Yi-Jun Tian
- Department of Pathology, MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Meijun Du
- Department of Pathology, MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Yong-Chen Guo
- Department of Pathology, MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Sufyan Suleman
- Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 A, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Qin Zhang
- Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 A, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Manish Kohli
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lori S Tillmans
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Stephen N Thibodeau
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Amy J French
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - James R Cerhan
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Li-Dong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, 40 Daxue Road, 450052, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Gong-Hong Wei
- Biocenter Oulu, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5 A, 90220, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Pathology, MCW Cancer Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
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16
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Yang SH, Li CF, Chu PY, Ko HH, Chen LT, Chen WW, Han CH, Lung JH, Shih NY. Overexpression of regulator of G protein signaling 11 promotes cell migration and associates with advanced stages and aggressiveness of lung adenocarcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:31122-36. [PMID: 27105500 PMCID: PMC5058744 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulator of G protein signaling 11 (RGS11), a member of the R7 subfamily of RGS proteins, is a well-characterized GTPase-accelerating protein that is involved in the heterotrimeric G protein regulation of the amplitude and kinetics of receptor-promoted signaling in retinal bipolar and nerve cells. However, the role of RGS11 in cancer is completely unclear. Using subtractive hybridization analysis, we found that RGS11 was highly expressed in the lymph-node metastatic tissues and bone-metastatic tumors obtained from patients with lung adenocarcinoma. Characterization of the clinicopathological features of 91 patients showed that around 57.1% of the tumor samples displayed RGS11 overexpression that was associated with primary tumor status, nodal metastasis and increased disease stages. Its high expression was an independent predictive factor for poor prognosis of these patients. Cotransfection of guanine nucleotide-binding protein beta-5 (GNB5) markedly increased RGS11 expression. Enhancement or attenuation of RGS11 expression pinpointed its specific role in cell migration, but not in cell invasion and proliferation. Signaling events initiated by the RGS11–GNB5 coexpression activated the c-Raf/ERK/FAK-mediated pathway through upregulation of the Rac1 activity. Consistently, increasing the cell invasiveness of the transfectants by additional cotransfection of the exogenous urokinase–plasminogen activator gene caused a significant promotion in cell invasion in vitro and in vivo, confirming that RGS11 functions in cell migration, but requires additional proteolytic activity for cell and tissue invasion. Collectively, overexpression of RGS11 promotes cell migration, participates in tumor metastasis, and correlates the clinicopathological conditions of patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Huei Yang
- Joint Biobank, Office of Human Research, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Feng Li
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Hsing Ko
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tzong Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Wen Chen
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Han
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Hau Lung
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Neng-Yao Shih
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaoshiung Medical University, Kaoshiung, Taiwan
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17
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Alqinyah M, Hooks SB. Regulating the regulators: Epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-translational regulation of RGS proteins. Cell Signal 2017; 42:77-87. [PMID: 29042285 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2017.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) are a family of proteins classically known to accelerate the intrinsic GTPase activity of G proteins, which results in accelerated inactivation of heterotrimeric G proteins and inhibition of G protein coupled receptor signaling. RGS proteins play major roles in essential cellular processes, and dysregulation of RGS protein expression is implicated in multiple diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The expression of RGS proteins is highly dynamic and is regulated by epigenetic, transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. This review summarizes studies that report dysregulation of RGS protein expression in disease states, and presents examples of drugs that regulate RGS protein expression. Additionally, this review discusses, in detail, the transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms regulating RGS protein expression, and further assesses the therapeutic potential of targeting these mechanisms. Understanding the molecular mechanisms controlling the expression of RGS proteins is essential for the development of therapeutics that indirectly modulate G protein signaling by regulating expression of RGS proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alqinyah
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Shelley B Hooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
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18
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Chi Y, Jin Q, Liu X, Xu L, He X, Shen Y, Zhou Q, Zhang J, Jin M. miR-203 inhibits cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of non-small-cell lung cancer by downregulating RGS17. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:2366-2372. [PMID: 28921827 PMCID: PMC5715240 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Involvement of the RGS17 oncogene in the promotion of non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been reported, but the regulation mechanism in NSCLC remains unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) negatively regulate gene expression, and their dysregulation has been implicated in tumorigenesis. To understand the role of miRNAs in Regulator of G Protein Signaling 17 (RGS17)‐induced NSCLC, we showed that miR‐203 was downregulated during tumorigenesis, and inhibited the proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells. We then determined whether miR‐203 regulated NSCLC by targeting RGS17. To characterize the regulatory effect of miR‐203 on RGS17, we used lung cancer cell lines, A549 and Calu‐1, and the constructed miR‐203 and RGS17 overexpression vectors. The CCK8 kit was used to determine cell proliferation, and the Transwell® assay was used to measure cell invasion and migration. RT‐PCR, western blots, and immunofluorescence were used to analyze expression of miR‐203 and RGS17, and the luciferase reporter assay was used to examine the interaction between miR‐203 and RGS17. Nude mice were used to characterize in vivo tumor growth regulation. Expression of miR‐203 inhibited proliferation, invasion, and migration of lung cancer cell lines A549 and Calu‐1 by targeting RGS17. The regulatory effect of miR‐203 was inhibited after overexpression of RGS17. The luciferase reporter assay showed that miR‐203 downregulated RGS17 by direct integration into the 3′‐UTR of RGS17 mRNA. In vivo studies showed that expression of miR‐203 significantly inhibited growth of tumors. Taken together, the results suggested that expression of miR‐203 inhibited tumor growth and metastasis by targeting RGS17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Chi
- Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinqin Jin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinghui Liu
- Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Limin Xu
- Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxue He
- Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shen
- Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Medical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jue Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingming Jin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area Gongli Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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19
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Bodle CR, Mackie DI, Hayes MP, Schamp JH, Miller MR, Henry MD, Doorn JA, Houtman JCD, James MA, Roman DL. Natural Products Discovered in a High-Throughput Screen Identified as Inhibitors of RGS17 and as Cytostatic and Cytotoxic Agents for Lung and Prostate Cancer Cell Lines. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2017. [PMID: 28621943 PMCID: PMC5567870 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Regulator of G Protein Signaling (RGS) 17 is an overexpressed promoter of cancer survival in lung and prostate tumors, the knockdown of which results in decreased tumor cell proliferation in vitro. Identification of drug-like molecules inhibiting this protein could ameliorate the RGS17's pro-tumorigenic effect. Using high-throughput screening, a chemical library containing natural products was interrogated for inhibition of the RGS17-Gαo interaction. Initial hits were verified in control and counter screens. Leads were characterized via biochemical, mass spectrometric, Western blot, microscopic, and cytotoxicity measures. Four known compounds (1-4) were identified with IC50 values ranging from high nanomolar to low micromolar. Three compounds were extensively characterized biologically, demonstrating cellular activity determined by confocal microscopy, and two compounds were assessed via ITC exhibiting high nanomolar to low micromolar dissociation constants. The compounds were found to have a cysteine-dependent mechanism of binding, verified through site-directed mutagenesis and cysteine reactivity assessment. Two compounds, sanguinarine (1) and celastrol (2), were found to be cytostatic against lung and prostate cancer cell lines and cytotoxic against prostate cancer cell lines in vitro, although the dependence of RGS17 on these phenomena remains elusive, a result that is perhaps not surprising given the multimodal cytostatic and cytotoxic activities of many natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Bodle
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Duncan I. Mackie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, UIHC, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Michael P. Hayes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Josephine H Schamp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Michael R. Miller
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, UIHC, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Michael D. Henry
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Biophysics, and Pathology, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jonathan A. Doorn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Jon C. D. Houtman
- Department of Microbiology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
| | - Michael A. James
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
- Pancreatic Cancer Program at the Medical College of Wisconsin, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, United States
| | - David L. Roman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Cancer Signaling and Experimental Therapeutics Program, Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, UIHC, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
- Corresponding Author. Tel: 319-335-6920. Fax: 319-335-8766.
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20
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Li L, Luo HS. G-Protein Signaling Protein-17 (RGS17) Is Upregulated and Promotes Tumor Growth and Migration in Human Colorectal Carcinoma. Oncol Res 2017; 26:27-35. [PMID: 28337960 PMCID: PMC7844555 DOI: 10.3727/096504017x14900515946914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths and has a high tendency for metastasis, which makes it a priority to find novel methods to diagnose and treat colorectal carcinoma at a very early stage. We studied the role of the regulator of G-protein signaling (RGS) family of proteins RGS17 in colorectal carcinoma growth and metastasis. We found that RGS17 was upregulated in both clinical colorectal carcinoma tissues and cultured colorectal carcinoma cells. Knockdown of RGS17 by specific siRNA decreased the cell proliferation rate, whereas overexpression of RGS17 with expression plasmid increased the rate in cultured cells. Consistently, a mouse model for colorectal carcinoma also showed that depletion of RGS17 significantly inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, a Transwell assay showed that RGS17 promoted the ability of colorectal carcinoma cells to migrate and invade. These data suggest that RGS17 is overexpressed in colorectal carcinoma and promotes cell proliferation, migration, and invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - He-Sheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Sjögren B. The evolution of regulators of G protein signalling proteins as drug targets - 20 years in the making: IUPHAR Review 21. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:427-437. [PMID: 28098342 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulators of G protein signalling (RGS) proteins are celebrating the 20th anniversary of their discovery. The unveiling of this new family of negative regulators of G protein signalling in the mid-1990s solved a persistent conundrum in the G protein signalling field, in which the rate of deactivation of signalling cascades in vivo could not be replicated in exogenous systems. Since then, there has been tremendous advancement in the knowledge of RGS protein structure, function, regulation and their role as novel drug targets. RGS proteins play an important modulatory role through their GTPase-activating protein (GAP) activity at active, GTP-bound Gα subunits of heterotrimeric G proteins. They also possess many non-canonical functions not related to G protein signalling. Here, an update on the status of RGS proteins as drug targets is provided, highlighting advances that have led to the inclusion of RGS proteins in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY database of drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Sjögren
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Cheng C, Yue W, Li L, Li S, Gao C, Si L, Tian H. Regulator of G-protein signaling 4: A novel tumor suppressor with prognostic significance in non-small cell lung cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 469:384-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.11.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Cui X, Liu Y, Wang B, Xian G, Liu X, Tian X, Qin C. Knockdown of GPR137 by RNAi inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth and induces apoptosis. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2015; 62:861-7. [PMID: 25471990 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of cell-surface molecules involved in a number of biological and pathological processes, have recently emerged as key players in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Orphan G protein-coupled receptors (oGPCRs) are a group of proteins lacking endogenous ligands. GPR137, one of the novel oGPCR genes, was discovered by homology screening. However, the biological role of GPR137 in cancers has not yet been discussed and is of great therapeutic interest. In this study, we knocked down GPR137 via a lentivirus system in two human pancreatic cancer cell lines BXPC-3 and PANC-1. Knockdown of GPR137 strongly inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation. Flow cytometry showed that cell cycle was arrested in the sub-G1 phase and apoptotic cells were significantly increased after GPR137 knockdown. Western blotting confirmed that GPR137 silencing induced apoptosis due to cleavage of PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase) and upregulation of caspase 3. Furthermore, lentivirus-mediated overexpression of GPR137 promoted the proliferation of PANC-1 cells, suggesting GPR137 as a potential oncogene in pancreatic cancer cells. Taken together, our results prove the importance of GPR137 as a crucial regulator in controlling cancer cell growth and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianping Cui
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanguo Liu
- Department of Oncology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of immunology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guozhe Xian
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingsong Tian
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengkun Qin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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Li Y, Li L, Lin J, Hu X, Li B, Xue A, Shen Y, Jiang J, Zhang M, Xie J, Zhao Z. Deregulation of RGS17 Expression Promotes Breast Cancer Progression. J Cancer 2015; 6:767-75. [PMID: 26185539 PMCID: PMC4504113 DOI: 10.7150/jca.11833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: A high level of RGS17 expression is observed in diverse human cancers and correlates with tumor progression. Herein, we aim to investigate its expression and function in breast cancer. Methods: The expression of RGS17 was detected by immunohistochemical analysis and western blot analysis. The level of miR-32 expression was investigated by qRT-PCR. Western blot analysis was used to determine the relationship between RGS17 and miR-32. A series of loss or gain of function assays was performed to measure the effects of RGS17 or miR-32 on tumor migration, invasion, and proliferation. Results: Compared to that in normal breast specimen, the expression of RGS17 had a significantly higher expression level in breast cancer tissues and cell lines. Although the potential relationship of RGS17 expression with clinicopathological features was not observed, there was a significant correlation of RGS17 expression with p63 expression. In cells, inhibition of RGS17 expression impaired cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. Further, RGS17 was identified as a direct and functional target of miR-32. Overexpression of miR-32 in cells could decrease the expression of RGS17 and inhibit cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. In contrast, ectopic expression of RGS17 could attenuate phenotypes caused by miR-32 overexpression. Conclusion: The expression of RGS17 was upregulated in breast cancer, which could enhance cell migration, invasion, and proliferation. Moreover, the RGS17 was identified as a target of miR-32. Our results suggest that RGS17 might play an important role in breast cancer progression and could be a potential target for human breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Li
- 1. Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Liliang Li
- 1. Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Junyi Lin
- 1. Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Xin Hu
- 2. Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Department of Breast Surgery, Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Beixu Li
- 1. Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Aimin Xue
- 1. Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yiwen Shen
- 1. Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jieqing Jiang
- 1. Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mingchang Zhang
- 1. Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianhui Xie
- 1. Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Ziqin Zhao
- 1. Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
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Blazer LL, Storaska AJ, Jutkiewicz EM, Turner EM, Calcagno M, Wade SM, Wang Q, Huang XP, Traynor JR, Husbands SM, Morari M, Neubig RR. Selectivity and anti-Parkinson's potential of thiadiazolidinone RGS4 inhibitors. ACS Chem Neurosci 2015; 6:911-9. [PMID: 25844489 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many current therapies target G protein coupled receptors (GPCR), transporters, or ion channels. In addition to directly targeting these proteins, disrupting the protein-protein interactions that localize or regulate their function could enhance selectivity and provide unique pharmacologic actions. Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins, especially RGS4, play significant roles in epilepsy and Parkinson's disease. Thiadiazolidinone (TDZD) inhibitors of RGS4 are nanomolar potency blockers of the biochemical actions of RGS4 in vitro. Here, we demonstrate the substantial selectivity (8- to >5000-fold) of CCG-203769 for RGS4 over other RGS proteins. It is also 300-fold selective for RGS4 over GSK-3β, another target of this class of chemical scaffolds. It does not inhibit the cysteine protease papain at 100 μM. CCG-203769 enhances Gαq-dependent cellular Ca(2+) signaling in an RGS4-dependent manner. TDZD inhibitors also enhance Gαi-dependent δ-OR inhibition of cAMP production in SH-SY-5Y cells, which express endogenous receptors and RGS4. Importantly, CCG-203769 potentiates the known RGS4 mechanism of Gαi-dependent muscarinic bradycardia in vivo. Furthermore, it reverses raclopride-induced akinesia and bradykinesia in mice, a model of some aspects of the movement disorder in Parkinson's disease. A broad assessment of compound effects revealed minimal off-target effects at concentrations necessary for cellular RGS4 inhibition. These results expand our understanding of the mechanism and specificity of TDZD RGS inhibitors and support the potential for therapeutic targeting of RGS proteins in Parkinson's disease and other neural disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levi L. Blazer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,
| | - Andrew J. Storaska
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Emily M. Jutkiewicz
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,
| | - Emma M. Turner
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, U.K
| | - Mariangela Calcagno
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of
Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy 44121
| | - Susan M. Wade
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug
Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - John R. Traynor
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States,
| | | | - Michele Morari
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of
Medical Science, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy 44121
| | - Richard R. Neubig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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Woodard GE, Jardín I, Berna-Erro A, Salido GM, Rosado JA. Regulators of G-protein-signaling proteins: negative modulators of G-protein-coupled receptor signaling. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 317:97-183. [PMID: 26008785 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Regulators of G-protein-signaling (RGS) proteins are a category of intracellular proteins that have an inhibitory effect on the intracellular signaling produced by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). RGS along with RGS-like proteins switch on through direct contact G-alpha subunits providing a variety of intracellular functions through intracellular signaling. RGS proteins have a common RGS domain that binds to G alpha. RGS proteins accelerate GTPase and thus enhance guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis through the alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins. As a result, they inactivate the G protein and quickly turn off GPCR signaling thus terminating the resulting downstream signals. Activity and subcellular localization of RGS proteins can be changed through covalent molecular changes to the enzyme, differential gene splicing, and processing of the protein. Other roles of RGS proteins have shown them to not be solely committed to being inhibitors but behave more as modulators and integrators of signaling. RGS proteins modulate the duration and kinetics of slow calcium oscillations and rapid phototransduction and ion signaling events. In other cases, RGS proteins integrate G proteins with signaling pathways linked to such diverse cellular responses as cell growth and differentiation, cell motility, and intracellular trafficking. Human and animal studies have revealed that RGS proteins play a vital role in physiology and can be ideal targets for diseases such as those related to addiction where receptor signaling seems continuously switched on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey E Woodard
- Department of Surgery, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isaac Jardín
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - A Berna-Erro
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Gines M Salido
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
| | - Juan A Rosado
- Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, Caceres, Spain
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Cacan E, Ali MW, Boyd NH, Hooks SB, Greer SF. Inhibition of HDAC1 and DNMT1 modulate RGS10 expression and decrease ovarian cancer chemoresistance. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87455. [PMID: 24475290 PMCID: PMC3903677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
RGS10 is an important regulator of cell survival and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. We recently showed that RGS10 transcript expression is suppressed during acquired chemoresistance in ovarian cancer. The suppression of RGS10 is due to DNA hypermethylation and histone deacetylation, two important mechanisms that contribute to silencing of tumor suppressor genes during cancer progression. Here, we fully investigate the molecular mechanisms of epigenetic silencing of RGS10 expression in chemoresistant A2780-AD ovarian cancer cells. We identify two important epigenetic regulators, HDAC1 and DNMT1, that exhibit aberrant association with RGS10 promoters in chemoresistant ovarian cancer cells. Knockdown of HDAC1 or DNMT1 expression, and pharmacological inhibition of DNMT or HDAC enzymatic activity, significantly increases RGS10 expression and cisplatin-mediated cell death. Finally, DNMT1 knock down also decreases HDAC1 binding to the RGS10 promoter in chemoresistant cells, suggesting HDAC1 recruitment to RGS10 promoters requires DNMT1 activity. Our results suggest that HDAC1 and DNMT1 contribute to the suppression of RGS10 during acquired chemoresistance and support inhibition of HDAC1 and DNMT1 as an adjuvant therapeutic approach to overcome ovarian cancer chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ercan Cacan
- Division of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Mourad W. Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel H. Boyd
- Division of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Shelley B. Hooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Susanna F. Greer
- Division of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Forward: combating resistance: infectious diseases. Future Med Chem 2013; 5:1175-6. [PMID: 23859196 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.13.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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