1
|
Williams-Fegredo T, Davies L, Knevelman C, Mitrophanous K, Miskin J, Rafiq QA. Degradation of specific glycosaminoglycans improves transfection efficiency and vector production in transient lentiviral vector manufacturing processes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1409203. [PMID: 38994127 PMCID: PMC11238175 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1409203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Both cell surface and soluble extracellular glycosaminoglycans have been shown to interfere with the exogenous nucleic acid delivery efficiency of non-viral gene delivery, including lipoplex and polyplex-mediated transfection. Most gene therapy viral vectors used commercially and in clinical trials are currently manufactured using transient transfection-based bioprocesses. The growing demand for viral vector products, coupled with a global shortage in production capability, requires improved transfection technologies and processes to maximise process efficiency and productivity. Soluble extracellular glycosaminoglycans were found to accumulate in the conditioned cell culture medium of suspension adapted HEK293T cell cultures, compromising transfection performance and lentiviral vector production. The enzymatic degradation of specific, chondroitin sulphate-based, glycosaminoglycans with chondroitinase ABC was found to significantly enhance transfection performance. Additionally, we report significant improvements in functional lentiviral vector titre when cultivating cells at higher cell densities than those utilised in a control lentiviral vector bioprocess; an improvement that was further enhanced when cultures were supplemented with chondroitinase ABC prior to transfection. A 71.2% increase in functional lentiviral vector titre was calculated when doubling the cell density prior to transfection compared to the existing process and treatment of the high-density cell cultures with 0.1 U/mL chondroitinase ABC resulted in a further 18.6% increase in titre, presenting a method that can effectively enhance transfection performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Williams-Fegredo
- Oxford Biomedica (UK) Limited, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Davies
- Oxford Biomedica (UK) Limited, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - James Miskin
- Oxford Biomedica (UK) Limited, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Qasim A. Rafiq
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Triantafyllou N, Sarkis M, Krassakopoulou A, Shah N, Papathanasiou MM, Kontoravdi C. Uncertainty quantification for gene delivery methods: A roadmap for pDNA manufacturing from phase I clinical trials to commercialization. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300103. [PMID: 37797343 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
The fast-growing interest in cell and gene therapy (C>) products has led to a growing demand for the production of plasmid DNA (pDNA) and viral vectors for clinical and commercial use. Manufacturers, regulators, and suppliers need to develop strategies for establishing robust and agile supply chains in the otherwise empirical field of C>. A model-based methodology that has great potential to support the wider adoption of C> is presented, by ensuring efficient timelines, scalability, and cost-effectiveness in the production of key raw materials. Specifically, key process and economic parameters are identified for (1) the production of pDNA for the forward-looking scenario of non-viral-based Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies from clinical (200 doses) to commercial (40,000 doses) scale and (2) the commercial (40,000 doses) production of pDNA and lentiviral vectors for the current state-of-the-art viral vector-based CAR T-cell therapies. By applying a systematic global sensitivity analysis, we quantify uncertainty in the manufacturing process and apportion it to key process and economic parameters, highlighting cost drivers and limitations that steer decision-making. The results underline the cost-efficiency and operational flexibility of non-viral-based therapies in the overall C> supply chain, as well as the importance of economies-of-scale in the production of pDNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niki Triantafyllou
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Miriam Sarkis
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Nilay Shah
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Maria M Papathanasiou
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Cleo Kontoravdi
- The Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Meierrieks F, Pickl A, Wolff MW. A robust and efficient alluvial filtration method for the clarification of adeno-associated viruses from crude cell lysates. J Biotechnol 2023; 367:31-41. [PMID: 36997072 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) based vectors have recently been gaining importance as DNA delivery systems. Efficient downstream processing of AAV remains a major challenge as serotypes differ in physicochemical properties, making it difficult to design uniform purification processes. Clarification of AAV is an especially critical step. Harvesting of AAV, like other viruses, often requires cell lysis, resulting in a difficult-to-filter cell lysate. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of diatomaceous earth (DE) as a filter aid for clarification of AAV crude cell lysates. DE filtration proved to be a viable clarification method for AAV2, AAV5 and AAV8. Based on a design of experiment approach, the DE concentration was identified as the main factor influencing AAV particle loss. The loss of AAV during DE filtration was limited to <2% by maintaining the DE quantity below 0.181mg DE/1010 AAV. Use of DE reduced manual handling time 3-fold and increased the filter capacity 3.5-fold compared to filtration combined with a prior centrifugation step. Moreover, we showed that the DE type had only a minor influence on the filtration performance. This study demonstrated that filtration with DE as a filter aid is an efficient clarification method for different AAV serotypes.
Collapse
|
4
|
Mekkaoui L, Tejerizo JG, Abreu S, Rubat L, Nikoniuk A, Macmorland W, Horlock C, Matsumoto S, Williams S, Smith K, Price J, Srivastava S, Hussain R, Banani MA, Day W, Stevenson E, Madigan M, Chen J, Khinder R, Miah S, Walker S, Ade-Onojobi M, Domining S, Sillibourne J, Sabatino M, Slepushkin V, Farzaneh F, Pule M. Efficient clinical-grade γ-retroviral vector purification by high-speed centrifugation for CAR T cell manufacturing. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2022; 28:116-128. [PMID: 36620071 PMCID: PMC9808014 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
γ-Retroviral vectors (γ-RV) are powerful tools for gene therapy applications. Current clinical vectors are produced from stable producer cell lines which require minimal further downstream processing, while purification schemes for γ-RV produced by transient transfection have not been thoroughly investigated. We aimed to develop a method to purify transiently produced γ-RV for early clinical studies. Here, we report a simple one-step purification method by high-speed centrifugation for γ-RV produced by transient transfection for clinical application. High-speed centrifugation enabled the concentration of viral titers in the range of 107-108 TU/mL with >80% overall recovery. Analysis of research-grade concentrated vector revealed sufficient reduction in product- and process-related impurities. Furthermore, product characterization of clinical-grade γ-RV by BioReliance demonstrated two-logs lower impurities per transducing unit compared with regulatory authority-approved stable producer cell line vector for clinical application. In terms of CAR T cell manufacturing, clinical-grade γ-RV produced by transient transfection and purified by high-speed centrifugation was similar to γ-RV produced from a clinical-grade stable producer cell line. This method will be of value for studies using γ-RV to bridge vector supply between early- and late-stage clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Mekkaoui
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Jose G. Tejerizo
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Sara Abreu
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Lydie Rubat
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | | | | | - Claire Horlock
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Sofia Matsumoto
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Sarah Williams
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Koval Smith
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Juliet Price
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Saket Srivastava
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Rehan Hussain
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | | | - William Day
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Elena Stevenson
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
| | - Meghan Madigan
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Kings (CGT-K), King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Jie Chen
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Kings (CGT-K), King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Ravin Khinder
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Kings (CGT-K), King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Shahed Miah
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Kings (CGT-K), King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Simon Walker
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Kings (CGT-K), King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Michael Ade-Onojobi
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Kings (CGT-K), King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Sabine Domining
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Kings (CGT-K), King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | | | | | | | - Farzin Farzaneh
- Cell and Gene Therapy, Kings (CGT-K), King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Martin Pule
- Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK
- Deparment of Haematology, Cancer Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Corresponding author: Martin Pule, Autolus Limited, The MediaWorks, 191 Wood Lane, London W12 7FP, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Assessing Multi-Attribute Characterization of Enveloped and Non-Enveloped Viral Particles by Capillary Electrophoresis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112539. [PMID: 36423148 PMCID: PMC9695396 DOI: 10.3390/v14112539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-based biopharmaceutical products are used in clinical applications such as vaccines, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. However, their manufacturing remains a challenge, hampered by the lack of appropriate analytical tools for purification monitoring or characterization of the final product. This paper describes the implementation of a highly sensitive method, capillary electrophoresis (CE)-sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) combined with a laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detector to monitor the impact of various bioprocess steps on the quality of different viral vectors. The fluorescence labelling procedure uses the (3-(2-furoyl) quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde dye, and the CE-SDS LIF method enables the evaluation of in-process besides final product samples. This method outperforms other analytical methods, such as SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with Sypro Ruby staining, in terms of sensitivity, resolution, and high-throughput capability. Notably, this CE-SDS LIF method was also successfully implemented to characterize enveloped viruses such as Maraba virus and lentivirus, whose development as biopharmaceuticals is now restricted by the lack of suitable analytical tools. This method was also qualified for quantification of rAAV2 according to the International Council for Harmonisation guidelines. Overall, our work shows that CE-SDS LIF is a precise and sensitive analytical platform for in-process sample analysis and quantification of different virus-based targets, with a great potential for application in biomanufacturing.
Collapse
|
6
|
Labisch JJ, Kassar M, Bollmann F, Valentic A, Hubbuch J, Pflanz K. Steric exclusion chromatography of lentiviral vectors using hydrophilic cellulose membranes. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1674:463148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
7
|
Bezeljak U. Cancer gene therapy goes viral: viral vector platforms come of age. Radiol Oncol 2022; 56:1-13. [PMID: 35148469 PMCID: PMC8884858 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the advent of viral vector gene therapy in 1990s, cancer treatment with viral vectors promised to revolutionize the field of oncology. Notably, viral vectors offer a unique combination of efficient gene delivery and engagement of the immune system for anti-tumour response. Despite the early potential, viral vector-based cancer treatments are only recently making a big impact, most prominently as gene delivery devices in approved CAR-T cell therapies, cancer vaccines and targeted oncolytic therapeutics. To reach this broad spectrum of applications, a number of challenges have been overcome - from our understanding of cancer biology to vector design, manufacture and engineering. Here, we take an overview of viral vector usage in cancer therapy and discuss the latest advancements. We also consider production platforms that enable mainstream adoption of viral vectors for cancer gene therapy. CONCLUSIONS Viral vectors offer numerous opportunities in cancer therapy. Recent advances in vector production platforms open new avenues in safe and efficient viral therapeutic strategies, streamlining the transition from lab bench to bedside. As viral vectors come of age, they could become a standard tool in the cancer treatment arsenal.
Collapse
|
8
|
Moreira A, Faria T, Oliveira J, Kavara A, Schofield M, Sanderson T, Collins M, Gantier R, Alves P, Carrondo M, Peixoto C. Enhancing the purification of Lentiviral vectors for clinical applications. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.118598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
9
|
Labisch JJ, Wiese GP, Barnes K, Bollmann F, Pflanz K. Infectious titer determination of lentiviral vectors using a temporal immunological real-time imaging approach. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254739. [PMID: 34265014 PMCID: PMC8281989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The analysis of the infectious titer of the lentiviral vector samples obtained during upstream and downstream processing is of major importance, however, also the most challenging method to be performed. Currently established methods like flow cytometry or qPCR lack the capability of enabling high throughput sample processing while they require a lot of manual handling. To address this limitation, we developed an immunological real-time imaging method to quantify the infectious titer of anti-CD19 CAR lentiviral vectors with a temporal readout using the Incucyte® S3 live-cell analysis system. The infective titers determined with the Incucyte® approach when compared with the flow cytometry-based assay had a lower standard deviation between replicates and a broader linear range. A major advantage of the method is the ability to obtain titer results in real-time, enabling an optimal readout time. The presented protocol significantly decreased labor and increased throughput. The ability of the assay to process high numbers of lentiviral samples in a high throughput manner was proven by performing a virus stability study, demonstrating the effects of temperature, salt, and shear stress on LV infectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J. Labisch
- Lab Essentials Applications Development, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - G. Philip Wiese
- Lab Essentials Applications Development, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics, Computer Science and Natural Sciences, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Kalpana Barnes
- BioAnalytics Applications, Essen BioScience, Royston, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Franziska Bollmann
- Segment Marketing Viral-based Therapeutics, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - Karl Pflanz
- Lab Essentials Applications Development, Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Uttarilli A, Amalakanti S, Kommoju PR, Sharma S, Goyal P, Manjunath GK, Upadhayay V, Parveen A, Tandon R, Prasad KS, Dakal TC, Ben Shlomo I, Yousef M, Neerathilingam M, Kumar A. Super-rapid race for saving lives by developing COVID-19 vaccines. J Integr Bioinform 2021; 18:27-43. [PMID: 33761582 PMCID: PMC8035961 DOI: 10.1515/jib-2021-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected millions of people and claimed thousands of lives. Starting in China, it is arguably the most precipitous global health calamity of modern times. The entire world has rocked back to fight against the disease and the COVID-19 vaccine is the prime weapon. Even though the conventional vaccine development pipeline usually takes more than a decade, the escalating daily death rates due to COVID-19 infections have resulted in the development of fast-track strategies to bring in the vaccine under a year’s time. Governments, companies, and universities have networked to pool resources and have come up with a number of vaccine candidates. Also, international consortia have emerged to address the distribution of successful candidates. Herein, we summarize these unprecedented developments in vaccine science and discuss the types of COVID-19 vaccines, their developmental strategies, and their roles as well as their limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Uttarilli
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore560066, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Sridhar Amalakanti
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore560066, India
| | | | - Srihari Sharma
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore560066, India
| | - Pankaj Goyal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Kishangarh305817, Rajasthan, India
| | | | - Vineet Upadhayay
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore560066, India
| | - Alisha Parveen
- Institute for Experimental Surgery, University of Rostock, RostockD18057, Germany
| | - Ravi Tandon
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi110067, India
| | - Kumar Suranjit Prasad
- Centre of Environmental Science, Institute of Interdisciplinary Studies, University of Allahabad (A Central University), Allahabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tikam Chand Dakal
- Genome & Computational Biology Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Izhar Ben Shlomo
- Program of Emergency Medicine, Zefat Academic College, Safed13206, Israel
| | - Malik Yousef
- Department of Information Systems, Zefat Academic College, Zefat13206, Israel.,Galilee Digital Health Research Center (GDH), Zefat Academic College, Zefat13206, Israel
| | - Muniasamy Neerathilingam
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore560066, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore560066, India.,Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal576104, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Perry C, Rayat ACME. Lentiviral Vector Bioprocessing. Viruses 2021; 13:268. [PMID: 33572347 PMCID: PMC7916122 DOI: 10.3390/v13020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) are potent tools for the delivery of genes of interest into mammalian cells and are now commonly utilised within the growing field of cell and gene therapy for the treatment of monogenic diseases and adoptive therapies such as chimeric antigen T-cell (CAR-T) therapy. This is a comprehensive review of the individual bioprocess operations employed in LV production. We highlight the role of envelope proteins in vector design as well as their impact on the bioprocessing of lentiviral vectors. An overview of the current state of these operations provides opportunities for bioprocess discovery and improvement with emphasis on the considerations for optimal and scalable processing of LV during development and clinical production. Upstream culture for LV generation is described with comparisons on the different transfection methods and various bioreactors for suspension and adherent producer cell cultivation. The purification of LV is examined, evaluating different sequences of downstream process operations for both small- and large-scale production requirements. For scalable operations, a key focus is the development in chromatographic purification in addition to an in-depth examination of the application of tangential flow filtration. A summary of vector quantification and characterisation assays is also presented. Finally, the assessment of the whole bioprocess for LV production is discussed to benefit from the broader understanding of potential interactions of the different process options. This review is aimed to assist in the achievement of high quality, high concentration lentiviral vectors from robust and scalable processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Perry
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
- Division of Advanced Therapies, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms EN6 3QG, UK
| | - Andrea C. M. E. Rayat
- The Advanced Centre for Biochemical Engineering, Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower St, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
3D-printed ordered bed structures for chromatographic purification of enveloped and non-enveloped viral particles. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
13
|
Lehrich BM, Liang Y, Fiandaca MS. Foetal bovine serum influence on in vitro extracellular vesicle analyses. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12061. [PMID: 33532042 PMCID: PMC7830136 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M. Lehrich
- Medical Scientist Training ProgramUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Carnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Yaxuan Liang
- Center for Biological Science and Technology, Advanced Institute of Natural SciencesBeijing Normal University at ZhuhaiZhuhaiChina
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Moreira AS, Cavaco DG, Faria TQ, Alves PM, Carrondo MJT, Peixoto C. Advances in Lentivirus Purification. Biotechnol J 2020; 16:e2000019. [PMID: 33089626 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) have been increasingly used as a tool for gene and cell therapies since they can stably integrate the genome in dividing and nondividing cells. LV production and purification processes have evolved substantially over the last decades. However, the increasing demands for higher quantities with more restrictive purity requirements are stimulating the development of novel materials and strategies to supply the market with LV in a cost-effective manner. A detailed review of each downstream process unit operation is performed, limitations, strengths, and potential outcomes being covered. Currently, the majority of large-scale LV manufacturing processes are still based on adherent cell culture, although it is known that the industry is migrating fast to suspension cultures. Regarding the purification strategy, it consists of batch chromatography and membrane technology. Nevertheless, new solutions are being created to improve the current production schemes and expand its clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sofia Moreira
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - David Guia Cavaco
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tiago Q Faria
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Manuel J T Carrondo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Peixoto
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang J, Peng Y, Xu H, Cui Z, Williams RO. The COVID-19 Vaccine Race: Challenges and Opportunities in Vaccine Formulation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:225. [PMID: 32761294 PMCID: PMC7405756 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01744-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the race for a safe and effective vaccine against coronavirus disease (COVID)-19, pharmaceutical formulation science plays a critical role throughout the development, manufacturing, distribution, and vaccination phases. The proper choice of the type of vaccine, carrier or vector, adjuvant, excipients, dosage form, and route of administration can directly impact not only the immune responses induced and the resultant efficacy against COVID-19, but also the logistics of manufacturing, storing and distributing the vaccine, and mass vaccination. In this review, we described the COVID-19 vaccines that are currently tested in clinical trials and provided in-depth insight into the various types of vaccines, their compositions, advantages, and potential limitations. We also addressed how challenges in vaccine distribution and administration may be alleviated by applying vaccine-stabilization strategies and the use of specific mucosal immune response-inducing, non-invasive routes of administration, which must be considered early in the development process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jieliang Wang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Ying Peng
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Haiyue Xu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Zhengrong Cui
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Robert O Williams
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Alvarez-Rivera F, Rey-Rico A, Venkatesan JK, Diaz-Gomez L, Cucchiarini M, Concheiro A, Alvarez-Lorenzo C. Controlled Release of rAAV Vectors from APMA-Functionalized Contact Lenses for Corneal Gene Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12040335. [PMID: 32283694 PMCID: PMC7238179 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12040335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
As an alternative to eye drops and ocular injections for gene therapy, the aim of this work was to design for the first time hydrogel contact lenses that can act as platforms for the controlled delivery of viral vectors (recombinant adeno-associated virus, rAAV) to the eye in an effective way with improved patient compliance. Hydrogels of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with aminopropyl methacrylamide (APMA) (H1: 40, and H2: 80 mM) or without (Hc: 0 mM) were synthesized, sterilized by steam heat (121 °C, 20 min), and then tested for gene therapy using rAAV vectors to deliver the genes to the cornea. The hydrogels showed adequate light transparency, oxygen permeability, and swelling for use as contact lenses. Loading of viral vectors (rAAV-lacZ, rAAV-RFP, or rAAV-hIGF-I) was carried out at 4 °C to maintain viral vector titer. Release in culture medium was monitored by fluorescence with Cy3-rAAV-lacZ and AAV Titration ELISA. Transduction efficacy was tested through reporter genes lacZ and RFP in human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). lacZ was detected with X-Gal staining and quantified with Beta-Glo®, and RFP was monitored by fluorescence. The ability of rAAV-hIGF-I-loaded hydrogels to trigger cell proliferation in hMSCs was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Finally, the ability of rAAV-lacZ-loaded hydrogels to transduce bovine cornea was confirmed through detection with X-Gal staining of β-galactosidase expressed within the tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Alvarez-Rivera
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+DFarma, Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (F.A.-R.); (L.D.-G.); (A.C.)
| | - Ana Rey-Rico
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Universidade da Coruña, Campus de A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - Jagadeesh K Venkatesan
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (J.K.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Luis Diaz-Gomez
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+DFarma, Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (F.A.-R.); (L.D.-G.); (A.C.)
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421 Homburg, Germany; (J.K.V.); (M.C.)
| | - Angel Concheiro
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+DFarma, Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (F.A.-R.); (L.D.-G.); (A.C.)
| | - Carmen Alvarez-Lorenzo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+DFarma, Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (F.A.-R.); (L.D.-G.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-881815239
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Moleirinho MG, Silva RJS, Alves PM, Carrondo MJT, Peixoto C. Current challenges in biotherapeutic particles manufacturing. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2019; 20:451-465. [PMID: 31773998 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2020.1693541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The development of novel complex biotherapeutics led to new challenges in biopharmaceutical industry. The potential of these particles has been demonstrated by the approval of several products, in the different fields of gene therapy, oncolytic therapy, and tumor vaccines. However, their manufacturing still presents challenges related to the high dosages and purity required.Areas covered: The main challenges that biopharmaceutical industry faces today and the most recent developments in the manufacturing of different biotherapeutic particles are reported here. Several unit operations and downstream trains to purify virus, virus-like particles and extracellular vesicles are described. Innovations on the different purification steps are also highlighted with an eye on the implementation of continuous and integrated processes.Expert opinion: Manufacturing platforms that consist of a low number of unit operations, with higher-yielding processes and reduced costs will be highly appreciated by the industry. The pipeline of complex therapeutic particles is expanding and there is a clear need for advanced tools and manufacturing capacity. The use of single-use technologies, as well as continuous integrated operations, are gaining ground in the biopharmaceutical industry and should be supported by more accurate and faster analytical methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda G Moleirinho
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado, Oeiras, Portugal.,ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J S Silva
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula M Alves
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado, Oeiras, Portugal.,ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Manuel J T Carrondo
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Peixoto
- IBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado, Oeiras, Portugal.,ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, Oeiras, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Poorebrahim M, Sadeghi S, Fakhr E, Abazari MF, Poortahmasebi V, Kheirollahi A, Askari H, Rajabzadeh A, Rastegarpanah M, Linē A, Cid-Arregui A. Production of CAR T-cells by GMP-grade lentiviral vectors: latest advances and future prospects. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2019; 56:393-419. [PMID: 31314617 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2019.1633512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cells represent a paradigm shift in cancer immunotherapy and a new milestone in the history of oncology. In 2017, the Food and Drug Administration approved two CD19-targeted CAR T-cell therapies (Kymriah™, Novartis, and Yescarta™, Kite Pharma/Gilead Sciences) that have remarkable efficacy in some B-cell malignancies. The CAR approach is currently being evaluated in multiple pivotal trials designed for the immunotherapy of hematological malignancies as well as solid tumors. To generate CAR T-cells ex vivo, lentiviral vectors (LVs) are particularly appealing due to their ability to stably integrate relatively large DNA inserts, and to efficiently transduce both dividing and nondividing cells. This review discusses the latest advances and challenges in the design and production of CAR T-cells, and the good manufacturing practices (GMP)-grade production process of LVs used as a gene transfer vehicle. New developments in the application of CAR T-cell therapy are also outlined with particular emphasis on next-generation allogeneic CAR T-cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Poorebrahim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Solmaz Sadeghi
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR , Tehran , Iran
| | - Elham Fakhr
- Department of Translational Immunology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) , Heidelberg , Germany
| | - Mohammad Foad Abazari
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences , Tabriz , Iran
| | - Asma Kheirollahi
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - Hassan Askari
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Alireza Rajabzadeh
- Applied Cell Sciences and Tissue Engineering Department, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Malihe Rastegarpanah
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
| | - Aija Linē
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre , Riga , Latvia
| | - Angel Cid-Arregui
- Recombinant Proteins Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR , Tehran , Iran.,Targeted Tumor Vaccines Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) , Heidelberg , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
High-Grade Purification of Third-Generation HIV-Based Lentiviral Vectors by Anion Exchange Chromatography for Experimental Gene and Stem Cell Therapy Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1879:347-365. [PMID: 30006865 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2018_154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lentiviral vectors (LVs) have been increasingly used in clinical gene therapy applications particularly due to their efficient gene transfer ability, lack of interference from preexisting viral immunity, and long-term gene expression they provide. Purity of LVs is essential in in vivo applications, for a high therapeutic benefit with minimum toxicity. Accordingly, laboratory scale production of LVs frequently involves transient cotransfection of 293T cells with packaging and transfer plasmids in the presence of CaPO4. After clearance of the cellular debris by low-speed centrifugation and filtration, lentivectors are usually concentrated by high-speed ultracentrifugation in sucrose cushion. Concentrated viral samples are then purified by anion exchange chromatography (AEX) after benzonase treatment to remove the residual cellular DNA. Here, we describe an improved practical method for LV purification using AEX, useful for experimental studies concerning gene and stem cell therapy.
Collapse
|
20
|
Thorne B, Takeya R, Vitelli F, Swanson X. Gene Therapy. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 165:351-399. [PMID: 28289769 DOI: 10.1007/10_2016_53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy refers to a rapidly growing field of medicine in which genes are introduced into the body to treat or prevent diseases. Although a variety of methods can be used to deliver the genetic materials into the target cells and tissues, modified viral vectors represent one of the more common delivery routes because of its transduction efficiency for therapeutic genes. Since the introduction of gene therapy concept in the 1970s, the field has advanced considerably with notable clinical successes being demonstrated in many clinical indications in which no standard treatment options are currently available. It is anticipated that the clinical success the field observed in recent years can drive requirements for more scalable, robust, cost effective, and regulatory-compliant manufacturing processes. This review provides a brief overview of the current manufacturing technologies for viral vectors production, drawing attention to the common upstream and downstream production process platform that is applicable across various classes of viral vectors and their unique manufacturing challenges as compared to other biologics. In addition, a case study of an industry-scale cGMP production of an AAV-based gene therapy product performed at 2,000 L-scale is presented. The experience and lessons learned from this largest viral gene therapy vector production run conducted to date as discussed and highlighted in this review should contribute to future development of commercial viable scalable processes for vial gene therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barb Thorne
- Thorne Bio-Consulting LLC, Sammamish, WA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Brgles M, Sviben D, Forčić D, Halassy B. Nonspecific native elution of proteins and mumps virus in immunoaffinity chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1447:107-14. [PMID: 27090389 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunoaffinity chromatography, based on the antigen-antibody recognition, enables specific purification of any antigen (protein, virus) by its antibody. The problem with immunoaffinity chromatography is the harsh elution conditions required for disrupting strong antigen-antibody interactions, such as low pH buffers, which are often deleterious for the immobilized protein and the protein to be isolated since they can also disrupt the intramolecular forces. Therefore, immunoaffinity chromatography can only be partially used for protein and virus purification. Here we report on a nonspecific elution in immunoaffinity chromatography using native conditions by elution with amino acid solution at physiological pH for which we suppose possible competing mechanism of action. Elution potential of various amino acid solutions was tested using immunoaffinity columns specific for ovalbumin and mumps virus, and protein G affinity column. Results have shown that the most successful elution solutions were those containing imidazole and arginine of high molarity. Imidazole represents aromatic residues readily found at the antigen-antibody interaction surface and arginine is most frequently found on protein surface in general. Therefore, results on their eluting power in immunoaffinity chromatography, which increases with increasing molarity, are in line with the competing mechanism of action. Virus immunoaffinity chromatography resulted in removal on nonviable virus particles, which is important for research and biotechnology purposes. In addition, amino acids are proven stabilizers for proteins and viruses making approach presented in this work a very convenient purification method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marija Brgles
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Center of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia.
| | - Dora Sviben
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Center of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia
| | - Dubravko Forčić
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Center of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia
| | - Beata Halassy
- University of Zagreb, Centre for Research and Knowledge Transfer in Biotechnology, Rockefellerova 10, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; Center of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines, CERVirVac, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
|