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Bouti P, Klein BJAM, Verkuijlen PJH, Schornagel K, van Alphen FPJ, Taris KKH, van den Biggelaar M, Hoogendijk AJ, van Bruggen R, Kuijpers TW, Matlung HL. SKAP2 acts downstream of CD11b/CD18 and regulates neutrophil effector function. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1344761. [PMID: 38487529 PMCID: PMC10937362 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1344761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The importance of CD11b/CD18 expression in neutrophil effector functions is well known. Beyond KINDLIN3 and TALIN1, which are involved in the induction of the high-affinity binding CD11b/CD18 conformation, the signaling pathways that orchestrate this response remain incompletely understood. Method We performed an unbiased screening method for protein selection by biotin identification (BioID) and investigated the KINDLIN3 interactome. We used liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry as a powerful analytical tool. Generation of NB4 CD18, KINDLIN3, or SKAP2 knockout neutrophils was achieved using CRISPR-Cas9 technology, and the cells were examined for their effector function using flow cytometry, live cell imaging, microscopy, adhesion, or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Results Among the 325 proteins significantly enriched, we identified Src kinase-associated phosphoprotein 2 (SKAP2), a protein involved in actin polymerization and integrin-mediated outside-in signaling. CD18 immunoprecipitation in primary or NB4 neutrophils demonstrated the presence of SKAP2 in the CD11b/CD18 complex at a steady state. Under this condition, adhesion to plastic, ICAM-1, or fibronectin was observed in the absence of SKAP2, which could be abrogated by blocking the actin rearrangements with latrunculin B. Upon stimulation of NB4 SKAP2-deficient neutrophils, adhesion to fibronectin was enhanced whereas CD18 clustering was strongly reduced. This response corresponded with significantly impaired CD11b/CD18-dependent NADPH oxidase activity, phagocytosis, and cytotoxicity against tumor cells. Conclusion Our results suggest that SKAP2 has a dual role. It may restrict CD11b/CD18-mediated adhesion only under resting conditions, but its major contribution lies in the regulation of dynamic CD11b/CD18-mediated actin rearrangements and clustering as required for cellular effector functions of human neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Bouti
- Department of Molecular Hematology Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart J. A. M. Klein
- Department of Molecular Hematology Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul J. H. Verkuijlen
- Department of Molecular Hematology Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Karin Schornagel
- Department of Molecular Hematology Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Floris P. J. van Alphen
- Department of Molecular Hematology Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kees-Karel H. Taris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- LaserLaB Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maartje van den Biggelaar
- Department of Molecular Hematology Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arie J. Hoogendijk
- Department of Molecular Hematology Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robin van Bruggen
- Department of Molecular Hematology Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco W. Kuijpers
- Department of Molecular Hematology Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanke L. Matlung
- Department of Molecular Hematology Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam University Medical Center (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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2
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Conley HE, Brown CF, Westerman TL, Elfenbein JR, Sheats MK. MARCKS Inhibition Alters Bovine Neutrophil Responses to Salmonella Typhimurium. Biomedicines 2024; 12:442. [PMID: 38398044 PMCID: PMC10886653 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are innate immune cells that respond quickly to sites of bacterial infection and play an essential role in host defense. Interestingly, some bacterial pathogens benefit from exuberant neutrophil inflammation. Salmonella is one such pathogen that can utilize the toxic mediators released by neutrophils to colonize the intestine and cause enterocolitis. Because neutrophils can aid gut colonization during Salmonella infection, neutrophils represent a potential host-directed therapeutic target. Myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCKS) is an actin-binding protein that plays an essential role in many neutrophil effector responses. We hypothesized that inhibition of MARCKS protein would alter bovine neutrophil responses to Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) ex vivo. We used a MARCKS inhibitor peptide to investigate the role of MARCKS in neutrophil responses to STm. This study demonstrates that MARCKS inhibition attenuated STm-induced neutrophil adhesion and chemotaxis. Interestingly, MARCKS inhibition also enhanced neutrophil phagocytosis and respiratory burst in response to STm. This is the first report describing the role of MARCKS protein in neutrophil antibacterial responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleigh E Conley
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Chalise F Brown
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Trina L Westerman
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Johanna R Elfenbein
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - M Katie Sheats
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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3
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Debunne N, Delanghe J, Raman L, Oyaert M. Urine transfer devices may impact urinary particle results: a pre-analytical study. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:2186-2194. [PMID: 37340894 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Well-standardized procedures in the pre-analytical phase of urine diagnostics is of utmost importance to obtain reliable results. We investigated the effect of different urine collection methods and the associated urine transfer tubes on urine test strip and particle results. METHODS In total, 146 selected urine samples were subdivided into three different collection containers and subsequently transferred into its accompanying transfer tube (BD, Greiner, Sarstedt vacuum and Sarstedt aspiration). As reference, the original urine sample was directly measured on the analyser. Both chemical test strip analysis (Sysmex UC-3500) and fluorescence flow cytometry particle analysis (Sysmex UF-5000) were performed on all samples. RESULTS No statistically significant differences in test strip results were found between the studied transfer methods. On the contrary, transfer of urine samples to the secondary tubes affected their particle counts. Clinically significant reductions in counts of renal tubular epithelial cells and hyaline casts were observed using the BD and Greiner transfer tubes and in counts of pathological casts using the BD, Greiner and Sarstedt vacuum tubes. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that the use of urine transfer tubes may impact counts of fragile urine particles. Clinical laboratories need to be aware about the variation that urine collection methods can induce on urine particle counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Debunne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Joris Delanghe
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leen Raman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthijs Oyaert
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
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4
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Buffone A, Hammer DA, Kim SHJ, Anderson NR, Mochida A, Lee DH, Guin S. Not all (cells) who wander are lost: Upstream migration as a pervasive mode of amoeboid cell motility. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1291201. [PMID: 38020916 PMCID: PMC10651737 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1291201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocytes possess the ability to migrate upstream-against the direction of flow-on surfaces of specific chemistry. Upstream migration was first characterized in vitro for T-cells on surfaces comprised of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Upstream migration occurs when the integrin receptor αLβ2 (also known as lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1, or LFA-1) binds to ICAM-1. LFA-1/ICAM-1 interactions are ubiquitous and are widely found in leukocyte trafficking. Upstream migration would be employed after cells come to arrest on the apical surface of the endothelium and might confer an advantage for both trans-endothelial migration and tissue surveillance. It has now been shown that several other motile amoeboid cells which have the responsibility of trafficking from blood vessels into tissues, such as Marginal zone B cells, hematopoietic stem cells, and neutrophils (when macrophage-1 antigen, Mac-1, is blocked), can also migrate upstream on ICAM-1 surfaces. This review will summarize what is known about the basic mechanisms of upstream migration, which cells have displayed this phenomenon, and the possible role of upstream migration in physiology and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Buffone
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Daniel A. Hammer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sarah Hyun Ji Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | | | - Ai Mochida
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Subham Guin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, United States
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5
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Chougule A, Taur P, Iyengar VV, Gowri V, Kulkarni BP, Madkaikar MR, Bodhanwala M, Desai MM. Clinical features, laboratory and molecular findings of children with leukocyte adhesion deficiency type-III from a single center in India. PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phoj.2022.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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6
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Mohammed S, Alhussien MN, Dang AK. Pregnancy stage-dependent modulation of neutrophil function may impact embryo survivability and pregnancy outcome in crossbred cows. Theriogenology 2022; 191:200-206. [PMID: 35998403 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a complicated physiological process that involves synchronized coordination between immune and endocrine systems. Neutrophils have been suggested as a critical immune cell for embryo implantation and pregnancy maintenance. The present study was conducted to evaluate the dynamic changes in the mRNA expressions of the cluster of designation (CD11b, CD31, CD44 and CD62L) molecules and interferon-stimulated genes (ISG15, MX1 and OAS1) in blood neutrophils throughout pregnancy in dairy cows and correlate them with the outcome of pregnancy. Blood samples were taken from negative control (NC) group, and non-pregnant (NP) group at the time of artificial insemination (AI, day zero) and on days 10, 14, 16, 18, and 21 post-AI. In pregnant (P) cows, samples were taken as described above and after every 30 days until the time of parturition. In aborted cows, samples were collected until the time of the abortion. Comparison between pregnant, non-pregnant and aborted cows revealed that the expression of CD molecules increased (p < 0.05) on days 14, 16, 18 and 21 post-AI only in NP cows as compared to other groups. Although the expression of CD molecules remained constant throughout the study period in pregnant and aborted cows, the expression of CD11b, CD31 and CD62L increased (p < 0.05) on the day of abortion and parturition. Unlike CD molecules, the expression of CD44 decreased significantly (p < 0.05) at the time of abortion. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the expression of interferon-stimulated genes including MX1, OAS1 and ISG15 during the peri-implantation period in pregnant cows, and at the time of abortion in aborted cows. However, the expression of ISGs was lower (p < 0.05) in non-pregnant cows as compared to the other groups. The results revealed the critical role played by neutrophils during pregnancy and form the basis to unravel the underlying mechanism for neutrophil associated immunological infertility in bovines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seid Mohammed
- Bio and Emerging Technology Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Mohanned Naif Alhussien
- Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India; Reproductive Biotechnology, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University Munich, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Ajay Kumar Dang
- Lactation and Immuno-Physiology Laboratory, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
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7
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Integrin Regulators in Neutrophils. Cells 2022; 11:cells11132025. [PMID: 35805108 PMCID: PMC9266208 DOI: 10.3390/cells11132025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in humans and are critical for innate immunity and inflammation. Integrins are critical for neutrophil functions, especially for their recruitment to sites of inflammation or infections. Integrin conformational changes during activation have been heavily investigated but are still not fully understood. Many regulators, such as talin, Rap1-interacting adaptor molecule (RIAM), Rap1, and kindlin, are critical for integrin activation and might be potential targets for integrin-regulating drugs in treating inflammatory diseases. In this review, we outline integrin activation regulators in neutrophils with a focus on the above critical regulators, as well as newly discovered modulators that are involved in integrin activation.
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8
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Prat-Luri B, Neal C, Passelli K, Ganga E, Amore J, Firmino-Cruz L, Petrova TV, Müller AJ, Tacchini-Cottier F. The C5a-C5aR1 complement axis is essential for neutrophil recruitment to draining lymph nodes via high endothelial venules in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110777. [PMID: 35508133 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are specialized innate immune cells known for their ability to fight pathogens. However, the mechanisms of neutrophil trafficking to lymph nodes are not fully clear. Using a murine model of dermal infection with Leishmania parasites, we observe a transient neutrophil influx in draining lymph nodes despite sustained recruitment to the infection site. Cell-tracking experiments, together with intravital two-photon microscopy, indicate that neutrophil recruitment to draining lymph nodes occurs minimally through lymphatics from the infected dermis, but mostly through blood vessels via high endothelial venules. Mechanistically, neutrophils do not respond to IL-1β or macrophage-derived molecules. Instead, they are guided by the C5a-C5aR1 axis, using L-selectin and integrins, to extravasate into the draining lymph node parenchyma. We also report that C5, the C5a precursor, is locally produced in the draining lymph node by lymphatic endothelial cells. Our data establish and detail organ-specific mechanisms of neutrophil trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Prat-Luri
- Department of Immunobiology, WHO Collaborative Center for Research and Training in Immunology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
| | - Christopher Neal
- Department of Immunobiology, WHO Collaborative Center for Research and Training in Immunology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Katiuska Passelli
- Department of Immunobiology, WHO Collaborative Center for Research and Training in Immunology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Emma Ganga
- Department of Immunobiology, WHO Collaborative Center for Research and Training in Immunology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Amore
- Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Luan Firmino-Cruz
- Department of Immunobiology, WHO Collaborative Center for Research and Training in Immunology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Tatiana V Petrova
- Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Andreas J Müller
- Otto-von-Guericke-University Magdeburg and Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Fabienne Tacchini-Cottier
- Department of Immunobiology, WHO Collaborative Center for Research and Training in Immunology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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9
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Blanter M, Cambier S, De Bondt M, Vanbrabant L, Pörtner N, Abouelasrar Salama S, Metzemaekers M, Marques PE, Struyf S, Proost P, Gouwy M. Method Matters: Effect of Purification Technology on Neutrophil Phenotype and Function. Front Immunol 2022; 13:820058. [PMID: 35222394 PMCID: PMC8866851 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.820058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in human blood and the first cells responding to infection and injury. Due to their limited ex vivo lifespan and the impossibility to cryopreserve or expand them in vitro, neutrophils need to be purified from fresh blood for immediate use in experiments. Importantly, neutrophil purification methods may artificially modify the phenotype and functional characteristics of the isolated cells. The aim of this study was to expose the effects of ‘classical’ density-gradient purification versus the more expensive but faster immunomagnetic isolation on neutrophil phenotype and functionality. We found that in the absence of inflammatory stimuli, density-gradient-derived neutrophils showed increased polarization responses as well as enhanced release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and granular proteins compared to cells derived from immunomagnetic isolation, which yields mostly quiescent neutrophils. Upon exposure to pro-inflammatory mediators, immunomagnetic isolation-derived neutrophils were significantly more responsive in polarization, ROS production, phagocytosis, NETosis and degranulation assays, in comparison to density-gradient-derived cells. We found no difference in chemotactic response in Multiscreen and under-agarose migration assays, but Boyden assays showed reduced chemotaxis of immunomagnetic isolation-derived neutrophils. Finally, we confirmed that density-gradient purification induces artificial activation of neutrophils, evidenced by e.g. higher expression of CD66b, formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) and CD35, and the appearance of a separate neutrophil population expressing surface molecules atypical for neutrophils (e.g. CXCR3, MHC-II and CD14). Based on these results, we recommend using immunomagnetic separation of neutrophils for studying neutrophil polarization, phagocytosis, ROS production, degranulation and NETosis, whereas for Boyden chemotaxis assays, the density-gradient purification is more suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marfa Blanter
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seppe Cambier
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mirre De Bondt
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lotte Vanbrabant
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Noëmie Pörtner
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sara Abouelasrar Salama
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Metzemaekers
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pedro Elias Marques
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sofie Struyf
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Kraus RF, Gruber MA. Neutrophils-From Bone Marrow to First-Line Defense of the Innate Immune System. Front Immunol 2022; 12:767175. [PMID: 35003081 PMCID: PMC8732951 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.767175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear cells; PMNs) form a first line of defense against pathogens and are therefore an important component of the innate immune response. As a result of poorly controlled activation, however, PMNs can also mediate tissue damage in numerous diseases, often by increasing tissue inflammation and injury. According to current knowledge, PMNs are not only part of the pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases but also of conditions with disturbed tissue homeostasis such as trauma and shock. Scientific advances in the past two decades have changed the role of neutrophils from that of solely immune defense cells to cells that are responsible for the general integrity of the body, even in the absence of pathogens. To better understand PMN function in the human organism, our review outlines the role of PMNs within the innate immune system. This review provides an overview of the migration of PMNs from the vascular compartment to the target tissue as well as their chemotactic processes and illuminates crucial neutrophil immune properties at the site of the lesion. The review is focused on the formation of chemotactic gradients in interaction with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the influence of the ECM on PMN function. In addition, our review summarizes current knowledge about the phenomenon of bidirectional and reverse PMN migration, neutrophil microtubules, and the microtubule organizing center in PMN migration. As a conclusive feature, we review and discuss new findings about neutrophil behavior in cancer environment and tumor tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Felix Kraus
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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11
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Babatunde KA, Ayuso JM, Kerr SC, Huttenlocher A, Beebe DJ. Microfluidic Systems to Study Neutrophil Forward and Reverse Migration. Front Immunol 2021; 12:781535. [PMID: 34899746 PMCID: PMC8653704 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.781535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During infection, neutrophils are the most abundantly recruited innate immune cells at sites of infection, playing critical roles in the elimination of local infection and healing of the injury. Neutrophils are considered to be short-lived effector cells that undergo cell death at infection sites and in damaged tissues. However, recent in vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that neutrophil behavior is more complex and that they can migrate away from the inflammatory site back into the vasculature following the resolution of inflammation. Microfluidic devices have contributed to an improved understanding of the interaction and behavior of neutrophils ex vivo in 2D and 3D microenvironments. The role of reverse migration and its contribution to the resolution of inflammation remains unclear. In this review, we will provide a summary of the current applications of microfluidic devices to investigate neutrophil behavior and interactions with other immune cells with a focus on forward and reverse migration in neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose M Ayuso
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sheena C Kerr
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Anna Huttenlocher
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - David J Beebe
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
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12
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Ji J, Fan J. Neutrophil in Reverse Migration: Role in Sepsis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:656039. [PMID: 33790916 PMCID: PMC8006006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.656039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. During the development and progression of sepsis, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the most abundantly recruited innate immune cells at sites of infection, playing critical roles in the elimination of local infection and healing of the injury. PMN reverse migration (rM) describes the phenomenon in which PMNs migrate away from the inflammatory site back into the vasculature following the initial PMN infiltration. The functional role of PMN rM within inflammatory scenarios requires further exploration. Current evidence suggests that depending on the context, PMN rM can be both a protective response, by facilitating an efficient resolution to innate immune reaction, and also a tissue-damaging event. In this review, we provide an overview of current advancements in understanding the mechanism and roles of PMN rM in inflammation and sepsis. A comprehensive understanding of PMN rM may allow for the development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ji
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Department of Critical Care Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
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13
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Abaricia JO, Shah AH, Olivares-Navarrete R. Substrate stiffness induces neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation through focal adhesion kinase activation. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120715. [PMID: 33677375 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils predominate the early inflammatory response to tissue injury and implantation of biomaterials. Recent studies have shown that neutrophil activation can be regulated by mechanical cues such as stiffness or surface wettability; however, it is not known how neutrophils sense and respond to physical cues, particularly how they form neutrophil extracellular traps (NET formation). To examine this, we used polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates of varying physiologically relevant stiffness (0.2-32 kPa) and examined the response of murine neutrophils to untreated surfaces or to surfaces coated with various extracellular matrix proteins recognized by integrin heterodimers (collagen, fibronectin, laminin, vitronectin, synthetic RGD). Neutrophils on higher stiffness PDMS substrates had increased NET formation and higher secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Extracellular matrix protein coatings showed that fibronectin induced the most NET formation and this effect was stiffness dependent. Synthetic RGD peptides induced similar levels of NET formation and pro-inflammatory cytokine release than the full-length fibronectin protein. To determine if the observed NET formation in response to substrate stiffness required focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity, which is down stream of integrin activation, FAK inhibitor PF-573228 was used. Inhibition of FAK using PF-573228 ablated the stiffness-dependent increase in NET formation and pro-inflammatory molecule secretion. These findings demonstrate that neutrophils regulate NET formation in response to physical and mechanical biomaterial cues and this process is regulated through integrin/FAK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson O Abaricia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Arth H Shah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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14
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Ulfig A, Leichert LI. The effects of neutrophil-generated hypochlorous acid and other hypohalous acids on host and pathogens. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:385-414. [PMID: 32661559 PMCID: PMC7873122 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are predominant immune cells that protect the human body against infections by deploying sophisticated antimicrobial strategies including phagocytosis of bacteria and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Here, we provide an overview of the mechanisms by which neutrophils kill exogenous pathogens before we focus on one particular weapon in their arsenal: the generation of the oxidizing hypohalous acids HOCl, HOBr and HOSCN during the so-called oxidative burst by the enzyme myeloperoxidase. We look at the effects of these hypohalous acids on biological systems in general and proteins in particular and turn our attention to bacterial strategies to survive HOCl stress. HOCl is a strong inducer of protein aggregation, which bacteria can counteract by chaperone-like holdases that bind unfolding proteins without the need for energy in the form of ATP. These chaperones are activated by HOCl through thiol oxidation (Hsp33) or N-chlorination of basic amino acid side-chains (RidA and CnoX) and contribute to bacterial survival during HOCl stress. However, neutrophil-generated hypohalous acids also affect the host system. Recent studies have shown that plasma proteins act not only as sinks for HOCl, but get actively transformed into modulators of the cellular immune response through N-chlorination. N-chlorinated serum albumin can prevent aggregation of proteins, stimulate immune cells, and act as a pro-survival factor for immune cells in the presence of cytotoxic antigens. Finally, we take a look at the emerging role of HOCl as a potential signaling molecule, particularly its role in neutrophil extracellular trap formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Ulfig
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry-Microbial Biochemistry, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Lars I Leichert
- Ruhr University Bochum, Institute for Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry-Microbial Biochemistry, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
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15
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Chio JCT, Wang J, Surendran V, Li L, Zavvarian MM, Pieczonka K, Fehlings MG. Delayed administration of high dose human immunoglobulin G enhances recovery after traumatic cervical spinal cord injury by modulation of neuroinflammation and protection of the blood spinal cord barrier. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 148:105187. [PMID: 33249350 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/INTRODUCTION The neuroinflammatory response plays a major role in the secondary injury cascade after traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). To date, systemic anti-inflammatory medications such as methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS) have shown promise in SCI. However, systemic immunosuppression can have detrimental side effects. Therefore, immunomodulatory approaches including the use of human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) could represent an attractive alternative. While emerging preclinical data suggests that hIgG is neuroprotective after SCI, the optimal time window of administration and the mechanism of action remain incompletely understood. These knowledge gaps were the focus of this research study. METHODS Female adult Wistar rats received a clip compression-contusion SCI at the C7/T1 level of the spinal cord. Injured rats were randomized, in a blinded manner, to receive a single intravenous bolus of hIgG (2 g/kg) or control buffer at 15 minutes (min), 1 hour (h) or 4 h post-SCI. At 24 h and 8 weeks post-SCI, molecular, histological and neurobehavioral analyses were undertaken. RESULTS At all 3 administration time points, hIgG (2 g/kg) resulted in significantly better short-term and long-term outcomes as compared to control buffer. No significant differences were observed when comparing outcomes between the different time points of administration. At 24 h post-injury, hIgG (2 g/kg) administration enhanced the integrity of the blood spinal cord barrier (BSCB) by increasing expression of tight junction proteins and reducing inflammatory enzyme expression. Improvements in BSCB integrity were associated with reduced immune cell infiltration, lower amounts of albumin and Evans Blue in the injured spinal cord and greater expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, hIgG (2 g/kg) increased expression of neutrophil chemoattractants in the spleen and sera. After hIgG (2 g/kg) treatment, there were more neutrophils in the spleen and fewer neutrophils in the blood. hIgG also co-localized with endothelial cell ligands that mediate neutrophil extravasation into the injured spinal cord. Importantly, short-term effects of delayed hIgG (2 g/kg) administration were associated with enhanced tissue and neuron preservation, as well as neurobehavioral and sensory recovery at 8 weeks post-SCI. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION hIgG (2 g/kg) shows promise as a therapeutic approach for SCI. The anti-inflammatory effects mediated by hIgG (2 g/kg) in the injured spinal cord might be explained in twofold. First, hIgG might antagonize neutrophil infiltration into the spinal cord by co-localizing with endothelial cell ligands that mediate various steps in neutrophil extravasation. Second, hIgG could traffic neutrophils towards the spleen by increasing expression of neutrophil chemoattractants in the spleen and sera. Overall, we demonstrate that delayed administration of hIgG (2 g/kg) at 1 and 4-h post-injury enhances short-term and long-term benefits after SCI by modulating local and systemic neuroinflammatory cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon Chon Teng Chio
- Division of Translational and Experimental Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jian Wang
- Division of Translational and Experimental Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Vithushan Surendran
- Division of Translational and Experimental Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Lijun Li
- Division of Translational and Experimental Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Mohammad-Masoud Zavvarian
- Division of Translational and Experimental Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Katarzyna Pieczonka
- Division of Translational and Experimental Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Michael G Fehlings
- Division of Translational and Experimental Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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16
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Pathak KV, McGilvrey MI, Hu CK, Garcia-Mansfield K, Lewandoski K, Eftekhari Z, Yuan YC, Zenhausern F, Menashi E, Pirrotte P. Molecular Profiling of Innate Immune Response Mechanisms in Ventilator-associated Pneumonia. Mol Cell Proteomics 2020; 19:1688-1705. [PMID: 32709677 PMCID: PMC8014993 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra120.002207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common hospital-acquired infection, leading to high morbidity and mortality. Currently, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is used in hospitals for VAP diagnosis and guiding treatment options. Although BAL collection procedures are invasive, alternatives such as endotracheal aspirates (ETA) may be of diagnostic value, however, their use has not been thoroughly explored. Longitudinal ETA and BAL were collected from 16 intubated patients up to 15 days, of which 11 developed VAP. We conducted a comprehensive LC-MS/MS based proteome and metabolome characterization of longitudinal ETA and BAL to detect host and pathogen responses to VAP infection. We discovered a diverse ETA proteome of the upper airways reflective of a rich and dynamic host-microbe interface. Prior to VAP diagnosis by microbial cultures from BAL, patient ETA presented characteristic signatures of reactive oxygen species and neutrophil degranulation, indicative of neutrophil mediated pathogen processing as a key host response to the VAP infection. Along with an increase in amino acids, this is suggestive of extracellular membrane degradation resulting from proteolytic activity of neutrophil proteases. The metaproteome approach successfully allowed simultaneous detection of pathogen peptides in patients' ETA, which may have potential use in diagnosis. Our findings suggest that ETA may facilitate early mechanistic insights into host-pathogen interactions associated with VAP infection and therefore provide its diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khyatiben V Pathak
- Collaborative Center for Translatinal Mass Spectrometry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Marissa I McGilvrey
- Collaborative Center for Translatinal Mass Spectrometry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Charles K Hu
- HonorHealth Clinical Research Institute, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Krystine Garcia-Mansfield
- Collaborative Center for Translatinal Mass Spectrometry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Karen Lewandoski
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Zahra Eftekhari
- Applied AI and Data Science, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Yate-Ching Yuan
- Center for Informatics, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Frederic Zenhausern
- Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA; HonorHealth Clinical Research Institute, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA; Center for Applied NanoBioscience and Medicine, University of Arizona, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Emmanuel Menashi
- HonorHealth Clinical Research Institute, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Patrick Pirrotte
- Collaborative Center for Translatinal Mass Spectrometry, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
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17
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Primed PMNs in healthy mouse and human circulation are first responders during acute inflammation. Blood Adv 2020; 3:1622-1637. [PMID: 31138591 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the most abundant circulating leukocytes, and the first cells recruited to sites of tissue inflammation. Using a fixation method to preserve native CD marker expression prior to immunophenotyping, we identified a distinct population of "primed for recruitment" PMNs in healthy mouse and human blood that has high expression of adhesion and activation markers compared with the bulk resting-state PMNs. In response to acute tissue inflammation, primed PMNs (pPMNs) were rapidly depleted from the circulation and recruited to the tissue. One hour after acute peritoneal insult, pPMNs became the dominant PMN population in bone marrow (BM) and blood, returning to baseline levels with resolution of inflammation. PMN priming was induced by the granulopoietic factors granulocyte-macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). High levels of pPMNs were observed in neutropenic mice and in pediatric neutropenic patients who were resistant to infection, highlighting an important role of this population in innate immune function.
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18
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Sae-Khow K, Tachaboon S, Wright HL, Edwards SW, Srisawat N, Leelahavanichkul A, Chiewchengchol D. Defective Neutrophil Function in Patients with Sepsis Is Mostly Restored by ex vivo Ascorbate Incubation. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:263-274. [PMID: 32636666 PMCID: PMC7326689 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s252433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neutrophil function is essential for effective defence against bacterial infections but is defective in patients with sepsis. Ascorbate or vitamin C, which is low in the plasma of patients with sepsis, is stored inside human neutrophils and is essential for their normal function. Objective This study aimed to determine if ascorbate treatment ex vivo improved neutrophil function in patients with sepsis. Patients and Methods Human blood neutrophils were isolated from 20 patients with sepsis and 20 healthy age-matched controls. Neutrophils were incubated with or without ascorbate (1, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mM) for periods up to 2h. Chemotaxis was evaluated using a chemotactic chamber in response to the chemoattractant, fMLP. Phagocytosis (uptake of pHrodo red stained S. aureus) and apoptosis (annexin-V/propidium iodide staining) were measured by flow cytometry. Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation was detected and quantified using DAPI, anti-myeloperoxidase and anti-neutrophil elastase immuno-fluorescence staining. Quantifluor detected the amount of dsDNA in NET supernatants, while quantitative PCR identified changes in expression of PADI4 gene. Results Chemotactic and phagocytic activities were decreased in patients with sepsis but increased after treatment with the high concentrations of ascorbate. Apoptosis was increased in the sepsis patients but not altered by ascorbate treatment. Spontaneous NET formation was observed in patients with sepsis. A quantity of 1mM ascorbate decreased spontaneous NETosis to that of normal, healthy neutrophils, while high concentrations of ascorbate (>10mM) further promoted NET formation. Conclusion Dysregulated neutrophil function was observed in patients with sepsis which could contribute to disease pathology and outcomes. Exposure to ascorbate could reverse some of these changes in function. These novel discoveries raise the possibility that ascorbate treatment could be used as an adjunctive therapy that could result in improved neutrophil function during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kritsanawan Sae-Khow
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasipha Tachaboon
- Excellence Center for Critical Care Nephrology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Helen L Wright
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steven W Edwards
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nattachai Srisawat
- Excellence Center for Critical Care Nephrology, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Direkrit Chiewchengchol
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Hirota T, Levy JH, Iba T. The influence of hyperglycemia on neutrophil extracellular trap formation and endothelial glycocalyx damage in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes. Microcirculation 2020; 27:e12617. [PMID: 32125048 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hyperglycemia induces vascular dysfunction that is thought to be initiated by neutrophils. Neutrophil activation produces endothelial injury by pathways that include NETosis, a type of specific cell death. In this study, we investigated the effects of hyperglycemia on neutrophil activation, cell death, NETosis, and endothelial glycocalyx damage using a mouse diabetes model. METHODS We used db/db mice as a type 2 diabetes model, and C57BL/6 mice were the controls. At 5, 8, and 12 weeks of age, the proportion of CD11b+ granulocytes/monocytes, neutrophil extracellular trap (NET)-forming granulocytes/monocytes, and damaged and nonviable granulocytes/monocytes was analyzed. In addition, serum levels of high mobility group box 1, histone H3, and glycocalyx components that included syndecan-1 and hyaluronan were measured. RESULTS In diabetic mice, we observed an increased proportion of CD11b+ granulocytes/monocytes. The proportion of NET-forming granulocytes/monocytes increased from the early stages of the experiments. The proportions of damaged and nonviable granulocytes/monocytes increased over time. In the 12-week-old diabetic mice, serum histone H3 levels increased. Circulating levels of syndecan-1 and hyaluronan decreased over time and were lower in diabetic mice. CONCLUSION Neutrophil activation and cell death induce endothelial glycocalyx damage, and NET formation also participates in the mechanisms of vascular injury in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Hirota
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jerrold H Levy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care, and Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Toshiaki Iba
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Golenkina EA, Viryasova GM, Dolinnaya NG, Bannikova VA, Gaponova TV, Romanova YM, Sud’ina GF. The Potential of Telomeric G-quadruplexes Containing Modified Oligoguanosine Overhangs in Activation of Bacterial Phagocytosis and Leukotriene Synthesis in Human Neutrophils. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E249. [PMID: 32041263 PMCID: PMC7072695 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human neutrophils are the first line of defense against bacterial and viral infections. They eliminate pathogens through phagocytosis, which activate the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) pathway resulting in synthesis of leukotrienes. Using HPLC analysis, flow cytometry, and other biochemical methods, we studied the effect of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) able to fold into G-quadruplex structures on the main functions of neutrophils. Designed ODNs contained four human telomere TTAGGG repeats (G4) including those with phosphorothioate oligoguanosines attached to the end(s) of G-quadruplex core. Just modified analogues of G4 was shown to more actively than parent ODN penetrate into cells, improve phagocytosis of Salmonella typhimurium bacteria, affect 5-LOX activation, the cytosol calcium ion level, and the oxidative status of neutrophils. As evident from CD and UV spectroscopy data, the presence of oligoguanosines flanking G4 sequence leads to dramatic changes in G-quadruplex topology. While G4 folds into a single antiparallel structure, two main folded forms have been identified in solutions of modified ODNs: antiparallel and dominant, more stable parallel. Thus, both the secondary structure of ODNs and their ability to penetrate into the cytoplasm of cells are important for the activation of neutrophil cellular effects. Our results offer new clues for understanding the role of G-quadruplex ligands in regulation of integral cellular processes and for creating the antimicrobial agents of a new generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina A. Golenkina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow 119234, Russia; (E.A.G.); (G.M.V.)
| | - Galina M. Viryasova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow 119234, Russia; (E.A.G.); (G.M.V.)
| | - Nina G. Dolinnaya
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow 119234, Russia; (N.G.D.); (V.A.B.)
| | - Valeria A. Bannikova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, Moscow 119234, Russia; (N.G.D.); (V.A.B.)
| | - Tatjana V. Gaponova
- National Research Center for Hematology, Russia Federation Ministry of Public Health, Moscow 125167, Russia;
| | - Yulia M. Romanova
- Gamaleya National Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow 123098, Russia;
| | - Galina F. Sud’ina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow 119234, Russia; (E.A.G.); (G.M.V.)
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Mechanisms of Mixed Th1/Th2 Responses in Mice Induced by Albizia julibrissin Saponin Active Fraction by i n Silico Analysis. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8010048. [PMID: 32012760 PMCID: PMC7158666 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purified active fraction of Albizia julibrissin saponin (AJSAF) is an ideal adjuvant candidate that improves antigen-specific both cellular and humoral immune responses and elicits mixed Th1/Th2 responses, but its mechanisms remain unclear. The key features of action of AJSAF were investigated in mice immunized with Newcastle disease virus-based recombinant influenza vaccine (rL-H5) and AJSAF at the same leg (AJSAF+rL-H5) or different legs (AJSAF/rL-H5). The adjuvant activity of AJSAF on rL-H5 is strictly dependent on their spatial colocalization. Serum H5 antigen (H5Ag)-specific IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b antibody titers in AJSAF+rL-H5 group were significantly higher than those in AJSAF/rL-H5 group. The mechanisms of selectivity of Th1 or Th2 in mice induced by AJSAF was explored by the transcriptomic and proteomic profiles of H5Ag-stimulated splenocytes from the immunized mice using gene microarray and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis coupled with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Compared to rL-H5 alone, AJSAF/rL-H5 induced more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) than AJSAF+rL-H5, whereas AJSAF+rL-H5 upregulated higher mRNA expression of Th1 (T-bet, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-12β, and IL-12Rβ1) and Th2 (IL-10 and AICDA) immune response genes. The neutrophil response and its derived S100A8 and S100A9 might be involved in the AJSAF-mediated Th1 response. Meanwhile, AJSAF might induce the adaptive immune responses by improving a local innate immune microenvironment. These findings expanded the current knowledge on the mechanisms of action of saponin-based adjuvants, and provided new insights into how adjuvants shape adaptive immune responses.
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Ghosh S, Padmanabhan A, Vaidya T, Watson AM, Bhutto IA, Hose S, Shang P, Stepicheva N, Yazdankhah M, Weiss J, Das M, Gopikrishna S, Aishwarya, Yadav N, Berger T, Mak TW, Xia S, Qian J, Lutty GA, Jayagopal A, Zigler JS, Sethu S, Handa JT, Watkins SC, Ghosh A, Sinha D. Neutrophils homing into the retina trigger pathology in early age-related macular degeneration. Commun Biol 2019; 2:348. [PMID: 31552301 PMCID: PMC6754381 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an expanding problem as longevity increases worldwide. While inflammation clearly contributes to vision loss in AMD, the mechanism remains controversial. Here we show that neutrophils are important in this inflammatory process. In the retinas of both early AMD patients and in a mouse model with an early AMD-like phenotype, we show neutrophil infiltration. Such infiltration was confirmed experimentally using ribbon-scanning confocal microscopy (RSCM) and IFNλ- activated dye labeled normal neutrophils. With neutrophils lacking lipocalin-2 (LCN-2), infiltration was greatly reduced. Further, increased levels of IFNλ in early AMD trigger neutrophil activation and LCN-2 upregulation. LCN-2 promotes inflammation by modulating integrin β1 levels to stimulate adhesion and transmigration of activated neutrophils into the retina. We show that in the mouse model, inhibiting AKT2 neutralizes IFNλ inflammatory signals, reduces LCN-2-mediated neutrophil infiltration, and reverses early AMD-like phenotype changes. Thus, AKT2 inhibitors may have therapeutic potential in early, dry AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Ghosh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | | | | | - Alan M. Watson
- Center for Biologic Imaging and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Imran A. Bhutto
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Stacey Hose
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Peng Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Nadezda Stepicheva
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Meysam Yazdankhah
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Joseph Weiss
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | | | | | - Aishwarya
- Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
| | - Naresh Yadav
- Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bengaluru, India
| | - Thorsten Berger
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Tak W. Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research and Ontario Cancer Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Shuli Xia
- Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Jiang Qian
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Gerard A. Lutty
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ashwath Jayagopal
- Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
- Present Address: Kodiak Sciences, Palo Alto, CA USA
| | - J. Samuel Zigler
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | | | - James T. Handa
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Simon C. Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging and Department of Cellular Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | | | - Debasish Sinha
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- The Wilmer Eye Institute, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
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Abouelkhair MA, Bemis DA, Giannone RJ, Frank LA, Kania SA. Identification, cloning and characterization of SpEX exotoxin produced by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0220301. [PMID: 31356636 PMCID: PMC6663030 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococci have evolved numerous strategies to evade their hosts’ immune systems. Some staphylococcal toxins target essential components of host innate immunity, one of the two main branches of the immune system. Analysis of the Staphylococcus pseudintermedius secretome using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry guided by genomic data, was used to identify an S. pseudintermedius exotoxin provisionally named SpEX. This exoprotein has low overall amino acid identity with the Staphylococcus aureus group of proteins named staphylococcal superantigen like proteins (SSLs) and staphylococcal enterotoxin- like toxin X (SEIX), but predictive modeling showed that it shares similar folds and domain architecture to these important virulence factors. In this study, we found SpEX binds to complement component C5, prevents complement mediated lysis of sensitized bovine red blood cells, kills polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes and inhibits neutrophil migration at sub-lethal concentrations. A mutant version of SpEX, produced through amino acid substitution at selected positions, had diminished cytotoxicity. Anti-SpEX produced in dogs reduced the inhibitory effect of native SpEX on canine neutrophil migration and protected immune cells from the toxic effects of the native recombinant protein. These results suggest that SpEX likely plays an important role in S. pseudintermedius virulence and that attenuated SpEX may be an important candidate for inclusion in a vaccine against S. pseudintermedius infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Abouelkhair
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Bacteriology, Mycology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - David A. Bemis
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Richard J. Giannone
- Chemical Sciences Division, Biological Mass Spectrometry, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Linda A. Frank
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Stephen A. Kania
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Inflammation is a complex and necessary component of the response to biological, chemical, or physical stimuli, and the cellular and molecular events that initiate and regulate the interactions between the various players in the inflammatory process remain a source of ongoing investigation. In the acute phase of the inflammatory response, cells of the immune system migrate to the site of injury in a carefully orchestrated sequence of events that is facilitated by soluble mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, and acute-phase proteins. Depending on the degree of injury, this acute phase may be sufficient to resolve the damage and initiate healing processes. Persistent inflammation, either as a result of prolonged exposure to stimulation or an inappropriate reaction against self-molecules, can lead to the chronic phase, in which tissue damage and fibrosis can occur. Chronic inflammation has been reported to contribute to numerous diseases, including arthritis, asthma, atherosclerosis, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, and cancer, and to conditions of aging. Hematology and clinical chemistry data from standard toxicology studies can provide an initial indication of the presence and sometimes the location of inflammation. These data may suggest more specific immune function assays that are necessary to determine the presence and/or mechanism(s) of immunomodulation. Although changes in hematology dynamics, acute-phase proteins, complement factors, and cytokines are common to virtually all inflammatory conditions, and can be measured by a variety of techniques, individual biomarkers have yet to be strongly associated with specific pathologic events. Thus, although sensitive indicators of inflammation, these factors generally lack the specificity to identify the offending cause. The profile seen in a given inflammatory condition is dependent on the severity, chronicity, and mechanisms involved in the inflammatory process, as well as the species and the capacity of the individual's immune system to respond and adapt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dori R Germolec
- Toxicology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA.
| | - Kelly A Shipkowski
- Toxicology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rachel P Frawley
- Toxicology Branch, National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Ellen Evans
- Immunotoxicology Center of Emphasis, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT, USA
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Abstract
Gelsolin (GSN), one of the most abundant actin-binding proteins, is involved in cell motility, shape and metabolism. As a member of the GSN superfamily, GSN is a highly structured protein in eukaryotic cells that can be regulated by calcium concentration, intracellular pH, temperature and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. GSN plays an important role in cellular mechanisms as well as in different cellular interactions. Because of its participation in immunologic processes and its interaction with different cells of the immune system, GSN is a potential candidate for various therapeutic applications. In this review, we summarise the structure of GSN as well as its regulating and functional roles, focusing on distinct diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer. A short overview of GSN as a therapeutic target in today's medicine is also provided.
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Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia. Interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) is a transcription factor that plays an important role in the immune response to viral infection via the IRF3/IFN-β signaling pathway. Controversial data exist regarding the role of IRF3 in immune cell recruitment during bacterial infections. IRF3 has been shown to promote neutrophil recruitment and bacterial clearance in mice infected with P. aeruginosa by inducing the production of specific chemokines and cytokines. In contrast, our study showed that IRF3 knockout (KO) mice infected with P. aeruginosa exhibited greater survival rates, demonstrated enhanced bacterial clearance, and showed significantly increased neutrophil recruitment to the lungs, when compared with the wild-type (WT) mice. The peritoneal lavage fluid collected from IRF3 KO mice 4 h after intraperitoneal injection with P. aeruginosa or 3% thioglycolate contained a significantly increased number of neutrophils. Furthermore, neutrophils from the bone marrow (BM) of IRF3 KO mice showed greater adhesiveness to the extracellular matrix when compared with those of WT mice, post-P. aeruginosa infection. In addition, IRF3 induced the expression of target genes in WT neutrophils infected with P. aeruginosa. These findings indicate that IRF3 exacerbates P. aeruginosa-induced mortality in mice by inhibiting neutrophil adhesion and recruitment to the lungs. Together, these data indicate that the inhibition of IRF3 might provide a possible mechanism for controlling P. aeruginosa infections.
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Tikhonova IV, Kosyakova NI, Grinevich AA, Nadeev AD, Chemeris NK, Safronova VG. Accelerated reactivity of blood granulocytes in patients with atopic bronchial asthma out of exacerbation. Immunobiology 2017; 223:8-17. [PMID: 29032837 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in bronchial asthma (BA) pathogenesis owing to accumulation of activated granulocytes in the lungs. But the ROS-producing activity of the cells is insufficiently understood in the blood of BA patients. This study analyzes the kinetics of phagocyte respiratory burst in the blood to improve the methods of BA patients monitoring. Patients with atopic BA out of exacerbation (n=60) and healthy controls (n=43) were recruited. The time-course of respiratory response to opsonized zymosan (OZ) was recorded in the whole blood using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL), and its activation kinetics (lag-time, rate, amplitude, ROS production) was calculated. The discriminative power of ROS generation kinetics was defined by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Standard physiological respiratory parameters of patients did not differ from the controls. More rapid response to OZ was recorded in BA patient samples versus the controls. The primed state of phagocytes in the blood of BA patients was corroborated by significant weakening formyl peptide priming effect. The adhesion of granulocytes to cultured human endothelial cells was two-fold higher in BA patients versus controls. ROC curve analysis exhibited good discriminative effectiveness of the CL kinetics to compare BA individuals with the controls. The highest power (86% sensitivity and 90% specificity) was achieved at a linear combination of the parameters. We assume that the assessment of phagocyte reactivity based on the analysis of the response kinetic profile is a good test for monitoring of the state in BA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V Tikhonova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 3, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Ninel I Kosyakova
- Hospital of Pushchino Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 1, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Andrey A Grinevich
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 3, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia; Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 3, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Alexander D Nadeev
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 3, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia; ISechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, pr. Torez, 44, Saint Petersburg, 194223, Russia.
| | - Nikolai K Chemeris
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 3, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia.
| | - Valentina G Safronova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya st., 3, Pushchino, Moscow region, 142290, Russia.
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Ellison MA, Gearheart CM, Porter CC, Ambruso DR. IFN-γ alters the expression of diverse immunity related genes in a cell culture model designed to represent maturing neutrophils. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185956. [PMID: 28982143 PMCID: PMC5628906 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytokine interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is approved as a drug to treat chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) and osteopetrosis and is also used in hyperimmunoglobulin E syndromes. Patients with CGD have defects in proteins of the NOX2 NADPH oxidase system. This leads to reduced production of microbicidal ROS by PMNs and recurrent life threatening infections. The goal of this study was to better understand how IFN-γ might support phagocyte function in these diseases, and to obtain information that might expand potential uses for IFN-γ. Neutrophils mature in the bone marrow and then enter the blood where they quickly undergo apoptotic cell death with a half-life of only 5–10 hours. Therefore we reasoned that IFN-γ might exert its effects on neutrophils via prolonged exposure to cells undergoing maturation in the marrow rather than by its brief exposure to short-lived circulating cells. To explore this possibility we made use of PLB-985 cells, a myeloblast-like myeloid cell line that can be differentiated into a mature, neutrophil-like state by treatment with various agents including DMSO. In initial studies we investigated transcription and protein expression in PLB-985 cells undergoing maturation in the presence or absence of IFN-γ. We observed IFN-γ induced differences in expression of genes known to be involved in classical aspects of neutrophil function (transmigration, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, killing and pattern recognition) as well as genes involved in apoptosis and other mechanisms that regulating neutrophil number. We also observed differences for genes involved in the major histocompatibility complex I (MHCI) and MHCII systems whose involvement in neutrophil function is controversial and not well defined. Finally, we observed significant changes in expression of genes encoding guanylate binding proteins (Gbps) that are known to have roles in immunity but which have not as yet been linked to neutrophil function. We propose that changes in the expression within these classes of genes could help explain the immune supportive effects of IFN-γ. Next we explored if the effect of IFN-γ on expression of these genes is dependent on whether the cells are undergoing maturation; to do this we compared the effects of IFN-γ on cells cultured with and without DMSO. For a subset of genes the expression level changes caused by IFN-γ were much greater in maturing cells than non-maturing cells. These findings indicate that developmental changes associated with cell maturation can modulate the effects of IFN-γ but that this is gene specific. Since the effects of IFN-γ depend on whether cells are maturing, the gene expression changes observed in this study must be due to more than just prolonged application of IFN-γ and are instead the result of interplay between cell maturation and changes caused by the chemokine. This supports our hypothesis that the effects of IFN-γ on developing neutrophils in the bone marrow may be very different from its effects on mature cells in the blood. Collectively the findings in this study enhance our understanding of the effects of IFN-γ on maturing myeloid cells and indicate possible mechanisms by which this cytokine could support immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Ellison
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, The Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Christy M. Gearheart
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, The Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Christopher C. Porter
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Daniel R. Ambruso
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, The Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado Denver, The Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- The Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Transfusion Services, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Laboratories, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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29
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Martin EM, Till RL, Sheats MK, Jones SL. Misoprostol Inhibits Equine Neutrophil Adhesion, Migration, and Respiratory Burst in an In Vitro Model of Inflammation. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:159. [PMID: 29034248 PMCID: PMC5626936 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In many equine inflammatory disease states, neutrophil activities, such as adhesion, migration, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production become dysregulated. Dysregulated neutrophil activation causes tissue damage in horses with asthma, colitis, laminitis, and gastric glandular disease. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs do not adequately inhibit neutrophil inflammatory functions and can lead to dangerous adverse effects. Therefore, novel therapies that target mechanisms of neutrophil-mediated tissue damage are needed. One potential neutrophil-targeting therapeutic is the PGE1 analog, misoprostol. Misoprostol is a gastroprotectant that induces intracellular formation of the secondary messenger molecule cyclic AMP (cAMP), which has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects on neutrophils. Misoprostol is currently used in horses to treat NSAID-induced gastrointestinal injury; however, its effects on equine neutrophils have not been determined. We hypothesized that treatment of equine neutrophils with misoprostol would inhibit equine neutrophil adhesion, migration, and ROS production, in vitro. We tested this hypothesis using isolated equine peripheral blood neutrophils collected from 12 healthy adult teaching/research horses of mixed breed and gender. The effect of misoprostol treatment on adhesion, migration, and respiratory burst of equine neutrophils was evaluated via fluorescence-based adhesion and chemotaxis assays, and luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence, respectively. Neutrophils were pretreated with varying concentrations of misoprostol, vehicle, or appropriate functional inhibitory controls prior to stimulation with LTB4, CXCL8, PAF, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or immune complex (IC). This study revealed that misoprostol pretreatment significantly inhibited LTB4-induced adhesion, LTB4-, CXCL8-, and PAF-induced chemotaxis, and LPS-, IC-, and PMA-induced ROS production in a concentration-dependent manner. This data indicate that misoprostol-targeting of E-prostanoid (EP) receptors potently inhibits equine neutrophil effector functions in vitro. Additional studies are indicated to further elucidate the role of EP receptors in regulating neutrophil function. Overall, our results suggest misoprostol may hold promise as a novel anti-inflammatory therapeutic in the horse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Medlin Martin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Rebecca Louise Till
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Mary Katherine Sheats
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Samuel L Jones
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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30
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Li R, Fang L, Pu Q, Lin P, Hoggarth A, Huang H, Li X, Li G, Wu M. Lyn prevents aberrant inflammatory responses to Pseudomonas infection in mammalian systems by repressing a SHIP-1-associated signaling cluster. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2016; 1:16032. [PMID: 29263906 PMCID: PMC5661651 DOI: 10.1038/sigtrans.2016.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pleiotropic Src kinase Lyn has critical roles in host defense in alveolar macrophages against bacterial infection, but the underlying mechanism for Lyn-mediated inflammatory response remains largely elusive. Using mouse Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection models, we observed that Lyn-/- mice manifest severe lung injury and enhanced inflammatory responses, compared with wild-type littermates. We demonstrate that Lyn exerts this immune function through interaction with IL-6 receptor and cytoskeletal protein Ezrin via its SH2 and SH3 domains. Depletion of Lyn results in excessive STAT3 activation, and enhanced the Src homology 2-containing inositol-5-phopsphatase 1 (SHIP-1) expression. Deletion of SHIP-1 in Lyn-/- mice (double knockout) promotes mouse survival and reduces inflammatory responses during P. aeruginosa infection, revealing the rescue of the deadly infectious phenotype in Lyn deficiency. Mechanistically, loss of SHIP-1 reduces NF-κB-dependent cytokine production and dampens MAP kinase activation through a TLR4-independent PI3K/Akt pathway. These findings reveal Lyn as a regulator for host immune response against P. aeruginosa infection through SHIP-1 and IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway in alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongpeng Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.,Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, P.R., China
| | - Lizhu Fang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Qinqin Pu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Lin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Austin Hoggarth
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Huang Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA
| | - Xuefeng Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.,Institute of Human Virology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Inflammation and Allergic Disease Research Unit, First Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
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31
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Kim MY, Cho JY. Molecular association of CD98, CD29, and CD147 critically mediates monocytic U937 cell adhesion. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2016; 20:515-23. [PMID: 27610038 PMCID: PMC5014998 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2016.20.5.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion events of monocytes represent an important step in inflammatory responses induced by chemokines. The β1-integrin CD29 is a major adhesion molecule regulating leukocyte migration and extravasation. Although several adhesion molecules have been known as regulators of CD29, the molecular interactions between CD29 and its regulatory adhesion molecules (such as CD98 and CD147) have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we examined whether these molecules are functionally, biochemically, and cell-biologically associated using monocytic U937 cells treated with aggregation-stimulating and blocking antibodies, as well as enzyme inhibitors. The surface levels of CD29, CD98, and CD147 (but not CD43, CD44, and CD82) were increased. The activation of CD29, CD98, and CD147 by ligation of them with aggregation-activating antibodies triggered the induction of cell-cell adhesion, and sensitivity to various enzyme inhibitors and aggregation-blocking antibodies was similar for CD29-, CD98-, and CD147-induced U937 cell aggregation. Molecular association between these molecules and the actin cytoskeleton was confirmed by confocal microscopy and immunoprecipitation. These results strongly suggest that CD29 might be modulated by its biochemical and cellular regulators, including CD98 and CD147, via the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Yeon Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Depatment of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
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32
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Li R, Tan S, Yu M, Jundt MC, Zhang S, Wu M. Annexin A2 Regulates Autophagy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection through the Akt1-mTOR-ULK1/2 Signaling Pathway. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 195:3901-11. [PMID: 26371245 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1500967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Earlier studies reported that a cell membrane protein, Annexin A2 (AnxA2), plays multiple roles in the development, invasion, and metastasis of cancer. Recent studies demonstrated that AnxA2 also functions in immunity against infection, but the underlying mechanism remains largely elusive. Using a mouse infection model, we reveal a crucial role for AnxA2 in host defense against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as anxa2(-/-) mice manifested severe lung injury, systemic dissemination, and increased mortality compared with wild-type littermates. In addition, anxa2(-/-) mice exhibited elevated inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and IFN-γ), decreased bacterial clearance by macrophages, and increased superoxide release in the lung. We further identified an unexpected molecular interaction between AnxA2 and Fam13A, which activated Rho GTPase. P. aeruginosa infection induced autophagosome formation by inhibiting Akt1 and mTOR. Our results indicate that AnxA2 regulates autophagy, thereby contributing to host immunity against bacteria through the Akt1-mTOR-ULK1/2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongpeng Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Shirui Tan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203; College of Agriculture, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203; Department of Thoracic Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Michael C Jundt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203; State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203;
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Schönrich G, Krüger DH, Raftery MJ. Hantavirus-induced disruption of the endothelial barrier: neutrophils are on the payroll. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:222. [PMID: 25859243 PMCID: PMC4373389 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic fever caused by hantaviruses is an emerging infectious disease for which suitable treatments are not available. In order to improve this situation a better understanding of hantaviral pathogenesis is urgently required. Hantaviruses infect endothelial cell layers in vitro without causing any cytopathogenic effect and without increasing permeability. This implies that the mechanisms underlying vascular hyperpermeability in hantavirus-associated disease are more complex and that immune mechanisms play an important role. In this review we highlight the latest developments in hantavirus-induced immunopathogenesis. A possible contribution of neutrophils has been neglected so far. For this reason, we place special emphasis on the pathogenic role of neutrophils in disrupting the endothelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günther Schönrich
- Institute of Medical Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Detlev H Krüger
- Institute of Medical Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin J Raftery
- Institute of Medical Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin , Berlin, Germany
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Shielding of a lipooligosaccharide IgM epitope allows evasion of neutrophil-mediated killing of an invasive strain of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae. mBio 2014; 5:e01478-14. [PMID: 25053788 PMCID: PMC4120200 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01478-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is a frequent cause of noninvasive mucosal inflammatory diseases but may also cause invasive diseases, such as sepsis and meningitis, especially in children and the elderly. Infection by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is characterized by recruitment of neutrophilic granulocytes. Despite the presence of a large number of neutrophils, infections with nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae are often not cleared effectively by the antimicrobial activity of these immune cells. Herein, we examined how nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae evades neutrophil-mediated killing. Transposon sequencing (Tn-seq) was used on an isolate resistant to neutrophil-mediated killing to identify genes required for its survival in the presence of human neutrophils and serum, which provided a source of complement and antibodies. Results show that nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae prevents complement-dependent neutrophil-mediated killing by expression of surface galactose-containing oligosaccharide structures. These outer-core structures block recognition of an inner-core lipooligosaccharide epitope containing glucose attached to heptose HepIII-β1,2-Glc by replacement with galactose attached to HepIII or through shielding HepIII-β1,2-Glc by phase-variable attachment of oligosaccharide chain extensions. When the HepIII-β1,2-Glc-containing epitope is expressed and exposed, nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is opsonized by naturally acquired IgM generally present in human serum and subsequently phagocytosed and killed by human neutrophils. Clinical nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae isolates containing galactose attached to HepIII that are not recognized by this IgM are more often found to cause invasive infections. Neutrophils are white blood cells that specialize in killing pathogens and are recruited to sites of inflammation. However, despite the presence of large numbers of neutrophils in the middle ear cavity and lungs of patients with otitis media or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, respectively, the bacterium nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is often not effectively cleared from these locations by these immune cells. In order to understand how nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae is able to cause inflammatory diseases in the presence of neutrophils, we determined the mechanism that underlies resistance to neutrophil-mediated killing. We have shown that nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae prevents binding of antibodies of the IgM subtype through changes in their surface lipooligosaccharide structure, thereby preventing complement activation and clearance by human neutrophils.
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