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Hernández-Magaña A, Bensussen A, Martínez-García JC, Álvarez-Buylla ER. A Boolean model explains phenotypic plasticity changes underlying hepatic cancer stem cells emergence. NPJ Syst Biol Appl 2024; 10:99. [PMID: 39223160 PMCID: PMC11369243 DOI: 10.1038/s41540-024-00422-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
In several carcinomas, including hepatocellular carcinoma, it has been demonstrated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) have enhanced invasiveness and therapy resistance compared to differentiated cancer cells. Mathematical-computational tools could be valuable for integrating experimental results and understanding the phenotypic plasticity mechanisms for CSCs emergence. Based on the literature review, we constructed a Boolean model that recovers eight stable states (attractors) corresponding to the gene expression profile of hepatocytes and mesenchymal cells in senescent, quiescent, proliferative, and stem-like states. The epigenetic landscape associated with the regulatory network was analyzed. We observed that the loss of p53, p16, RB, or the constitutive activation of β-catenin and YAP1 increases the robustness of the proliferative stem-like phenotypes. Additionally, we found that p53 inactivation facilitates the transition of proliferative hepatocytes into stem-like mesenchymal phenotype. Thus, phenotypic plasticity may be altered, and stem-like phenotypes related to CSCs may be easier to attain following the mutation acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Hernández-Magaña
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Antonio Bensussen
- Departamento de Control Automático, Cinvestav-IPN, Ciudad de México, México
| | | | - Elena R Álvarez-Buylla
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México.
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2
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Upreti A, Padula SL, Weaver JM, Wagner BD, Kneller AM, Petulla AL, Lachke SA, Robinson ML. A Transcriptomics Analysis of the Regulation of Lens Fiber Cell Differentiation in the Absence of FGFRs and PTEN. Cells 2024; 13:1222. [PMID: 39056803 PMCID: PMC11274593 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adding 50% vitreous humor to the media surrounding lens explants induces fiber cell differentiation and a significant immune/inflammatory response. While Fgfr loss blocks differentiation in lens epithelial explants, this blockage is partially reversed by deleting Pten. To investigate the functions of the Fgfrs and Pten during lens fiber cell differentiation, we utilized a lens epithelial explant system and conducted RNA sequencing on vitreous humor-exposed explants lacking Fgfrs, or Pten or both Fgfrs and Pten. We found that Fgfr loss impairs both vitreous-induced differentiation and inflammation while the additional loss of Pten restores these responses. Furthermore, transcriptomic analysis suggested that PDGFR-signaling in FGFR-deficient explants is required to mediate the rescue of vitreous-induced fiber differentiation in explants lacking both Fgfrs and Pten. The blockage of β-crystallin induction in explants lacking both Fgfrs and Pten in the presence of a PDGFR inhibitor supports this hypothesis. Our findings demonstrate that a wide array of genes associated with fiber cell differentiation are downstream of FGFR-signaling and that the vitreous-induced immune responses also depend on FGFR-signaling. Our data also demonstrate that many of the vitreous-induced gene-expression changes in Fgfr-deficient explants are rescued in explants lacking both Fgfrs and Pten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Upreti
- Cell, Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (A.U.); (S.L.P.); (J.M.W.)
- Department of Biology and Center for Visual Sciences, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (B.D.W.); (A.M.K.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Stephanie L. Padula
- Cell, Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (A.U.); (S.L.P.); (J.M.W.)
- Department of Biology and Center for Visual Sciences, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (B.D.W.); (A.M.K.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Jacob M. Weaver
- Cell, Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (A.U.); (S.L.P.); (J.M.W.)
- Department of Biology and Center for Visual Sciences, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (B.D.W.); (A.M.K.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Brad D. Wagner
- Department of Biology and Center for Visual Sciences, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (B.D.W.); (A.M.K.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Allison M. Kneller
- Department of Biology and Center for Visual Sciences, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (B.D.W.); (A.M.K.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Anthony L. Petulla
- Department of Biology and Center for Visual Sciences, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (B.D.W.); (A.M.K.); (A.L.P.)
| | - Salil A. Lachke
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Michael L. Robinson
- Cell, Molecular and Structural Biology Program, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (A.U.); (S.L.P.); (J.M.W.)
- Department of Biology and Center for Visual Sciences, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056, USA; (B.D.W.); (A.M.K.); (A.L.P.)
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3
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Perugini J, Smorlesi A, Acciarini S, Mondini E, Colleluori G, Pirazzini C, Kwiatkowska KM, Garagnani P, Franceschi C, Zingaretti MC, Dani C, Giordano A, Cinti S. Adipo-Epithelial Transdifferentiation in In Vitro Models of the Mammary Gland. Cells 2024; 13:943. [PMID: 38891075 PMCID: PMC11171678 DOI: 10.3390/cells13110943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Subcutaneous adipocytes are crucial for mammary gland epithelial development during pregnancy. Our and others' previous data have suggested that adipo-epithelial transdifferentiation could play a key role in the mammary gland alveolar development. In this study, we tested whether adipo-epithelial transdifferentiation occurs in vitro. Data show that, under appropriate co-culture conditions with mammary epithelial organoids (MEOs), mature adipocytes lose their phenotype and acquire an epithelial one. Interestingly, even in the absence of MEOs, extracellular matrix and diffusible growth factors are able to promote adipo-epithelial transdifferentiation. Gene and protein expression studies indicate that transdifferentiating adipocytes exhibit some characteristics of milk-secreting alveolar glands, including significantly higher expression of milk proteins such as whey acidic protein and β-casein. Similar data were also obtained in cultured human multipotent adipose-derived stem cell adipocytes. A miRNA sequencing experiment on the supernatant highlighted mir200c, which has a well-established role in the mesenchymal-epithelial transition, as a potential player in this phenomenon. Collectively, our data show that adipo-epithelial transdifferentiation can be reproduced in in vitro models where this phenomenon can be investigated at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Perugini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University—United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.C.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Arianna Smorlesi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University—United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.C.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Samantha Acciarini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University—United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.C.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Eleonora Mondini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University—United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.C.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Georgia Colleluori
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University—United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.C.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Chiara Pirazzini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (K.M.K.); (P.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Katarzyna Malgorzata Kwiatkowska
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (K.M.K.); (P.G.); (C.F.)
| | - Paolo Garagnani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (K.M.K.); (P.G.); (C.F.)
- IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (C.P.); (K.M.K.); (P.G.); (C.F.)
- Laboratory of Systems Medicine of Healthy Aging, Institute of Biology and Biomedicine and Institute of Information Technology, Mathematics and Mechanics, Department of Applied Mathematics, N. I. Lobachevsky State University, 603005 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Maria Cristina Zingaretti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University—United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.C.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Christian Dani
- Faculté de Médecine, CNRS, INSERM, iBV, Université Côte d’Azur, CEDEX 2, F-06107 Nice, France;
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University—United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.C.Z.); (A.G.)
| | - Saverio Cinti
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Obesity, Marche Polytechnic University—United Hospitals, 60126 Ancona, Italy; (J.P.); (A.S.); (S.A.); (E.M.); (G.C.); (M.C.Z.); (A.G.)
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4
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Raveendran S, Al Massih A, Al Hashmi M, Saeed A, Al-Azwani I, Mathew R, Tomei S. Urinary miRNAs: Technical Updates. Microrna 2024; 13:110-123. [PMID: 38778602 DOI: 10.2174/0122115366305985240502094814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Due to its non-invasive nature and easy accessibility, urine serves as a convenient biological fluid for research purposes. Furthermore, urine samples are uncomplicated to preserve and relatively inexpensive. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally, play vital roles in numerous cellular processes, including apoptosis, cell differentiation, development, and proliferation. Their dysregulated expression in urine has been proposed as a potential biomarker for various human diseases, including bladder cancer. To draw reliable conclusions about the roles of urinary miRNAs in human diseases, it is essential to have dependable and reproducible methods for miRNA extraction and profiling. In this review, we address the technical challenges associated with studying urinary miRNAs and provide an update on the current technologies used for urinary miRNA isolation, quality control assessment, and miRNA profiling, highlighting both their advantages and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhi Raveendran
- Omics Core, Integrated Genomics Services (IGS), Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alia Al Massih
- Omics Core, Integrated Genomics Services (IGS), Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muna Al Hashmi
- Omics Core, Integrated Genomics Services (IGS), Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asma Saeed
- Omics Core, Integrated Genomics Services (IGS), Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Iman Al-Azwani
- Omics Core, Integrated Genomics Services (IGS), Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rebecca Mathew
- Omics Core, Integrated Genomics Services (IGS), Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Tomei
- Omics Core, Integrated Genomics Services (IGS), Research Department, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
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5
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Dev A, Vachher M, Prasad CP. β-catenin inhibitors in cancer therapeutics: intricacies and way forward. Bioengineered 2023; 14:2251696. [PMID: 37655825 PMCID: PMC10478749 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2023.2251696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
β-catenin is an evolutionary conserved, quintessential, multifaceted protein that plays vital roles in cellular homeostasis, embryonic development, organogenesis, stem cell maintenance, cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, apoptosis, and pathogenesis of various human diseases including cancer. β-catenin manifests both signaling and adhesive features. It acts as a pivotal player in intracellular signaling as a component of versatile WNT signaling cascade involved in embryonic development, homeostasis as well as in carcinogenesis. It is also involved in Ca2+ dependent cell adhesion via interaction with E-cadherin at the adherens junctions. Aberrant β-catenin expression and its nuclear accumulation promote the transcription of various oncogenes including c-Myc and cyclinD1, thereby contributing to tumor initiation, development, and progression. β-catenin's expression is closely regulated at various levels including its stability, sub-cellular localization, as well as transcriptional activity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of regulation of β-catenin and its atypical expression will provide researchers not only the novel insights into the pathogenesis and progression of cancer but also will help in deciphering new therapeutic avenues. In the present review, we have summarized the dual functions of β-catenin, its role in signaling, associated mutations as well as its role in carcinogenesis and tumor progression of various cancers. Additionally, we have discussed the challenges associated with targeting β-catenin molecule with the presently available drugs and suggested the possible way forward in designing new therapeutic alternatives against this oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundhathi Dev
- Department of Medical Oncology (Laboratory), DR BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Meenakshi Vachher
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Home Economics, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Chandra Prakash Prasad
- Department of Medical Oncology (Laboratory), DR BRAIRCH, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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6
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Fiscon G, Funari A, Paci P. Circular RNA mediated gene regulation in human breast cancer: A bioinformatics analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289051. [PMID: 37494404 PMCID: PMC10370684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new acknowledged class of RNAs that has been shown to play a major role in several biological functions both in physiological and pathological conditions, operating as critical part of regulatory processes, like competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks. The ceRNA hypothesis is a recently discovered molecular mechanism that adds a new key layer of post-transcriptional regulation, whereby various types of RNAs can reciprocally influence each other's expression competing for binding the same pool of microRNAs, even affecting disease development. In this study, we build a network of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA interactions in human breast cancer, called CERNOMA, that is a bipartite graph with one class of nodes corresponding to differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) and the other one corresponding to differentially expressed circRNAs (DEC) and mRNAs (DEGs). A link between a DEC (or DEG) and DEM is placed if it is predicted to be a target of the DEM and shows an opposite expression level trend with respect to the DEM. Within the CERNOMA, we highlighted an interesting deregulated circRNA-miRNA-mRNA triplet, including the up-regulated hsa_circRNA_102908 (BRCA1 associated RING domain 1), the down-regulated miR-410-3p, and the up-regulated ESM1, whose overexpression has been already shown to promote tumor dissemination and metastasis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fiscon
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Funari
- Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
| | - Paola Paci
- Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Italy
- Institute for Systems Analysis and Computer Science "Antonio Ruberti", National Research Council, Rome, Italy
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7
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Unal B, Celik MY, Gedik EO, Bassorgun CI, Elpek GO. Tumor budding as a potential prognostic marker in determining the behavior of primary liver cancers. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:775-785. [PMID: 37397937 PMCID: PMC10308291 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i6.775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC), the most common primary tumors of the liver, are among the most important causes of cancer deaths worldwide. Because patients with primary liver tumors are frequently diagnosed at an advanced stage and have high mortality, many efforts have been made to identify new markers to determine their behavior and treatment, similar to those in other solid organ tumors. Recently, morphological assessment of tumor budding (TB) has been revealed as a promising prognostic finding to predict tumor behavior and survival across several different tumor types. Currently, the TB score in colorectal cancer has been revealed as an important parameter in pathology report protocols to determine the course of the disease. Regarding the liver, despite enormous data showing that many mechanisms involved in TB are associated with tumor behavior in both HCC and ICC, studies focusing on the role of TB in predicting the behavior and prognosis of these tumors have started to be investigated very recently. The purpose of this review is to present data about TB in primary tumors of the liver, pointing out the potential role of this parameter in determining the course of the disease, and emphasize the need to increase the number of further studies focusing on the evaluation of this parameter with an overview of the mechanisms involved in TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Unal
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | | | - Elif Ocak Gedik
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya 07070, Turkey
| | | | - Gulsum Ozlem Elpek
- Department of Pathology, Akdeniz University Medical School, Antalya 07070, Turkey
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8
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de Mello DC, Saito KC, Cristovão MM, Kimura ET, Fuziwara CS. Modulation of EZH2 Activity Induces an Antitumoral Effect and Cell Redifferentiation in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097872. [PMID: 37175580 PMCID: PMC10178714 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare and lethal form of thyroid cancer that requires urgent investigation of new molecular targets involved in its aggressive biology. In this context, the overactivation of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2/EZH2, which induces chromatin compaction, is frequently observed in aggressive solid tumors, making the EZH2 methyltransferase a potential target for treatment. However, the deregulation of chromatin accessibility is yet not fully investigated in thyroid cancer. In this study, EZH2 expression was modulated by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing and pharmacologically inhibited with EZH2 inhibitor EPZ6438 alone or in combination with the MAPK inhibitor U0126. The results showed that CRISPR/Cas9-induced EZH2 gene editing reduced cell growth, migration and invasion in vitro and resulted in a 90% reduction in tumor growth when EZH2-edited cells were injected into an immunocompromised mouse model. Immunohistochemistry analysis of the tumors revealed reduced tumor cell proliferation and less recruitment of cancer-associated fibroblasts in the EZH2-edited tumors compared to the control tumors. Moreover, EZH2 inhibition induced thyroid-differentiation genes' expression and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET) in ATC cells. Thus, this study shows that targeting EZH2 could be a promising neoadjuvant treatment for ATC, as it promotes antitumoral effects in vitro and in vivo and induces cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Claro de Mello
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Kelly Cristina Saito
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcella Maringolo Cristovão
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Edna Teruko Kimura
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cesar Seigi Fuziwara
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
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An Overview of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Mesenchymal-to-Epithelial Transition in Canine Tumors: How Far Have We Come? Vet Sci 2022; 10:vetsci10010019. [PMID: 36669020 PMCID: PMC9865109 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, pre-clinical and clinical studies in human medicine have provided new insights, pushing forward the contemporary knowledge. The new results represented a motivation for investigators in specific fields of veterinary medicine, who addressed the same research topics from different perspectives in studies based on experimental and spontaneous animal disease models. The study of different pheno-genotypic contexts contributes to the confirmation of translational models of pathologic mechanisms. This review provides an overview of EMT and MET processes in both human and canine species. While human medicine rapidly advances, having a large amount of information available, veterinary medicine is not at the same level. This situation should provide motivation for the veterinary medicine research field, to apply the knowledge on humans to research in pets. By merging the knowledge of these two disciplines, better and faster results can be achieved, thus improving human and canine health.
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10
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Zhao L, Islam R, Wang Y, Zhang X, Liu LZ. Epigenetic Regulation in Chromium-, Nickel- and Cadmium-Induced Carcinogenesis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235768. [PMID: 36497250 PMCID: PMC9737485 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental and occupational exposure to heavy metals, such as hexavalent chromium, nickel, and cadmium, are major health concerns worldwide. Some heavy metals are well-documented human carcinogens. Multiple mechanisms, including DNA damage, dysregulated gene expression, and aberrant cancer-related signaling, have been shown to contribute to metal-induced carcinogenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms accounting for heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis and angiogenesis are still not fully understood. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have indicated that in addition to genotoxicity and genetic mutations, epigenetic mechanisms play critical roles in metal-induced cancers. Epigenetics refers to the reversible modification of genomes without changing DNA sequences; epigenetic modifications generally involve DNA methylation, histone modification, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs. Epigenetic regulation is essential for maintaining normal gene expression patterns; the disruption of epigenetic modifications may lead to altered cellular function and even malignant transformation. Therefore, aberrant epigenetic modifications are widely involved in metal-induced cancer formation, development, and angiogenesis. Notably, the role of epigenetic mechanisms in heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis and angiogenesis remains largely unknown, and further studies are urgently required. In this review, we highlight the current advances in understanding the roles of epigenetic mechanisms in heavy metal-induced carcinogenesis, cancer progression, and angiogenesis.
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Paul EN, Grey JA, Carpenter TJ, Madaj ZB, Lau KH, Givan SA, Burns GW, Chandler RL, Wegienka GR, Shen H, Teixeira JM. Transcriptome and DNA methylome analyses reveal underlying mechanisms for the racial disparity in uterine fibroids. JCI Insight 2022; 7:160274. [PMID: 36066972 PMCID: PMC9714787 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroids (leiomyomas) affect Black women disproportionately compared with women of other races and ethnicities in terms of prevalence, incidence, and severity of symptoms. The causes of this racial disparity are essentially unknown. We hypothesized that myometria of Black women are more susceptible to developing fibroids, and we examined the transcriptomic and DNA methylation profiles of myometria and fibroids from Black and White women for comparison. Myometrial samples cluster by race in both their transcriptome and DNA methylation profiles, whereas fibroid samples only cluster by race in the latter. More differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected in the Black and White myometrial sample comparison than in the fibroid comparison. Leiomyoma gene set expression analysis identified 4 clusters of DEGs, including a cluster of 24 genes with higher expression in myometrial samples from Black women. One of the DEGs in this group, von Willibrands factor (VWF), was significantly hypomethylated in both myometrial samples from Black women and in all fibroids at 2 CpG probes that are near a putative enhancer site and that are correlated with VWF expression levels. These results suggest that the molecular basis for the disparity in fibroid disease between Black and White women could be found in the myometria before fibroid development and not in the fibroids themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel N. Paul
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Joshua A. Grey
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Tyler J. Carpenter
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Zachary B. Madaj
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Kin H. Lau
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Scott A. Givan
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Gregory W. Burns
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Ronald L. Chandler
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Ganesa R. Wegienka
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Epigenetics, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Jose M. Teixeira
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
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12
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Qi C, Sun SW, Xiong XZ. From COPD to Lung Cancer: Mechanisms Linking, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prognosis. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 17:2603-2621. [PMID: 36274992 PMCID: PMC9586171 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s380732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have proved that the pathogenesis of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer is related, and may cause and affect each other to a certain extent. In fact, the change of chronic airway obstruction will continue to have an impact on the screening, treatment, and prognosis of lung cancer.In this comprehensive review, we outlined the links and heterogeneity between COPD and lung cancer and finds that factors such as gene expression and genetic susceptibility, epigenetics, smoking, epithelial mesenchymal transformation (EMT), chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress injury may all play a role in the process. Although the relationship between these two diseases have been largely determined, the methods to prevent lung cancer in COPD patients are still limited. Early diagnosis is still the key to a better prognosis. Thus, it is necessary to establish more intuitive screening evaluation criteria and find suitable biomarkers for lung cancer screening in high-risk populations with COPD. Some studies have indicated that COPD may change the efficacy of anti-tumor therapy by affecting the response of lung cancer patients to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). And for lung cancer patients with COPD, the standardized management of COPD can improve the prognosis. The treatment of lung cancer patients with COPD is an individualized, comprehensive, and precise process. The development of new targets and new strategies of molecular targeted therapy may be the breakthrough for disease treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Qi
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Wen Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian-Zhi Xiong
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, NHC Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Xian-Zhi Xiong, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1277 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, 430022, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86 27-85726705, Email
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13
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Olgun G, Gopalan V, Hannenhalli S. miRSCAPE - inferring miRNA expression from scRNA-seq data. iScience 2022; 25:104962. [PMID: 36060076 PMCID: PMC9437856 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of miRNA activity at cellular resolution is thwarted by the inability of standard scRNA-seq protocols to capture miRNAs. We introduce a novel tool, miRSCAPE, to infer miRNA expression in a sample from its RNA-seq profile. We establish miRSCAPE's accuracy in 10 tumor and normal cohorts demonstrating its superiority over alternatives. miRSCAPE accurately infers cell type-specific miRNA activities (predicted versus observed fold-difference correlation ∼0.81) in two independent scRNA-seq datasets. We apply miRSCAPE to infer miRNA activities in scRNA clusters in pancreatic and lung adenocarcinomas, as well as in 56 cell types in the human cell landscape (HCL). In pancreatic and breast cancer scRNA-seq data, miRSCAPE recapitulates miRNAs associated with stemness and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) cell states, respectively. Overall, miRSCAPE recapitulates and refines miRNA biology at cellular resolution. miRSCAPE is freely available and is easily applicable to scRNA-seq data to infer miRNA activities at cellular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulden Olgun
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Vishaka Gopalan
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sridhar Hannenhalli
- Cancer Data Science Lab, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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14
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Nakad Borrego S, Lengyel E, Kurnit KC. Molecular Characterizations of Gynecologic Carcinosarcomas: A Focus on the Immune Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184465. [PMID: 36139624 PMCID: PMC9497294 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecologic carcinosarcomas, specifically of endometrial and ovarian origin, are aggressive and rare tumors. Treatment data are limited and are often extrapolated from other histologies and smaller retrospective studies. While the optimal therapy approach remains contentious, treatment is often multimodal and may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or a combination of multiple strategies. However, despite aggressive treatment, these tumors fare worse than carcinomas of the same anatomic sites irrespective of their stage. Recent studies have described in-depth molecular characterizations of gynecologic carcinosarcomas. Although many molecular features mirror those seen in other uterine and ovarian epithelial tumors, the high prevalence of epithelial-mesenchymal transition is more unique. Recently, molecular descriptions have expanded to begin to characterize the tumor immune microenvironment. While the importance of the immune microenvironment has been well-established for other tumor types, it has been less systematically explored in gynecologic carcinosarcomas. Furthermore, the use of immunotherapy in patients with gynecologic carcinosarcomas has not been extensively evaluated. In this review, we summarize the available data surrounding gynecologic carcinosarcomas, with a focus on the immune microenvironment. We end with a discussion of potential immunotherapy uses and future directions for the field.
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15
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Camp FA, Brunetti TM, Williams MM, Christenson JL, Sreekanth V, Costello JC, Hay ZLZ, Kedl RM, Richer JK, Slansky JE. Antigens Expressed by Breast Cancer Cells Undergoing EMT Stimulate Cytotoxic CD8 + T Cell Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184397. [PMID: 36139558 PMCID: PMC9496737 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The transition of cells with epithelial characteristics to those with mesenchymal characteristics (termed EMT) facilitates breast cancer invasive capacity. The EMT program can also contribute to immunosuppressive and immunoevasive properties, altering susceptibility to immune cell recognition and killing. The goal of our study was to manipulate EMT to reveal potential neoantigens that might affect the ability of tumor cells to circumvent immune escape and/or be utilized as an anticancer vaccine to kill cancer cells exhibiting the cellular plasticity that permits therapy resistance and metastatic progression. We identified potential neoantigens resulting from EMT-associated altered gene expression and alternative splicing events and observed increased immunogenicity and susceptibility to killing of the more epithelial-like cancer cells. Although the tested peptides did not protect from tumor growth, a limited number of predicted neoantigens derived from intron retention events were tested. In the future, refined prediction programs may facilitate exciting antigen discoveries. Abstract Antigenic differences formed by alterations in gene expression and alternative splicing are predicted in breast cancer cells undergoing epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the reverse plasticity known as MET. How these antigenic differences impact immune interactions and the degree to which they can be exploited to enhance immune responses against mesenchymal cells is not fully understood. We utilized a master microRNA regulator of EMT to alter mesenchymal-like EO771 mammary carcinoma cells to a more epithelial phenotype. A computational approach was used to identify neoantigens derived from the resultant differentially expressed somatic variants (SNV) and alternative splicing events (neojunctions). Using whole cell vaccines and peptide-based vaccines, we find superior cytotoxicity against the more-epithelial cells and explore the potential of neojunction-derived antigens to elicit T cell responses through experiments designed to validate the computationally predicted neoantigens. Overall, results identify EMT-associated splicing factors common to both mouse and human breast cancer cells as well as immunogenic SNV- and neojunction-derived neoantigens in mammary carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye A. Camp
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Tonya M. Brunetti
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michelle M. Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jessica L. Christenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Varsha Sreekanth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - James C. Costello
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Zachary L. Z. Hay
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Ross M. Kedl
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Richer
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jill E. Slansky
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Correspondence:
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16
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Klicka K, Grzywa TM, Mielniczuk A, Klinke A, Włodarski PK. The role of miR-200 family in the regulation of hallmarks of cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:965231. [PMID: 36158660 PMCID: PMC9492973 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.965231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally contributing to the development of different diseases including cancer. The miR-200 family consists of five members, miR-200a, miR-200b, miR-200c, miR-141, and miR-429. Their expression is dysregulated in cancer tissue and their level is altered in the body fluids of cancer patients. Moreover, the levels of miR-200 family members correlate with clinical parameters such as cancer patients' survival which makes them potentially useful as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. MiRNAs can act as either oncomiRs or tumor suppressor miRNAs depending on the target genes and their role in the regulation of key oncogenic signaling pathways. In most types of cancer, the miR-200 family acts as tumor suppressor miRNA and regulates all features of cancer. In this review, we summarized the expression pattern of the miR-200 family in different types of cancer and their potential utility as biomarkers. Moreover, we comprehensively described the role of miR-200 family members in the regulation of all hallmarks of cancer proposed by Hanahan and Weinberg with the focus on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, invasiveness, and metastasis of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Klicka
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz M. Grzywa
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Alicja Klinke
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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17
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Duly AMP, Kao FCL, Teo WS, Kavallaris M. βIII-Tubulin Gene Regulation in Health and Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:851542. [PMID: 35573698 PMCID: PMC9096907 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.851542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule proteins form a dynamic component of the cytoskeleton, and play key roles in cellular processes, such as vesicular transport, cell motility and mitosis. Expression of microtubule proteins are often dysregulated in cancer. In particular, the microtubule protein βIII-tubulin, encoded by the TUBB3 gene, is aberrantly expressed in a range of epithelial tumours and is associated with drug resistance and aggressive disease. In normal cells, TUBB3 expression is tightly restricted, and is found almost exclusively in neuronal and testicular tissues. Understanding the mechanisms that control TUBB3 expression, both in cancer, mature and developing tissues will help to unravel the basic biology of the protein, its role in cancer, and may ultimately lead to the development of new therapeutic approaches to target this protein. This review is devoted to the transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation of TUBB3 in normal and cancerous tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair M. P. Duly
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Felicity C. L. Kao
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Australian Center for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Women and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wee Siang Teo
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Australian Center for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Children’s Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Center, UNSW Sydney, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Australian Center for NanoMedicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Women and Children’s Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- UNSW RNA Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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18
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Lee YC, Lin CH, Chang WL, Lin WD, Pan JK, Wang WJ, Su BC, Chung HH, Tsai CH, Lin FC, Wang WC, Lu PJ. Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy-Driven Cell Plasticity by miR-200 Family Implicates the Therapeutic Response of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4367. [PMID: 35457185 PMCID: PMC9030842 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a common and fatal malignancy with an increasing incidence worldwide. Over the past decade, concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) with or without surgery is an emerging therapeutic approach for locally advanced ESCC. Unfortunately, many patients exhibit poor response or develop acquired resistance to CCRT. Once resistance occurs, the overall survival rate drops down rapidly and without proper further treatment options, poses a critical clinical challenge for ESCC therapy. Here, we utilized lab-created CCRT-resistant cells as a preclinical study model to investigate the association of chemoradioresistantresistance with miRNA-mediated cell plasticity alteration, and to determine whether reversing EMT status can re-sensitize refractory cancer cells to CCRT response. During the CCRT treatment course, refractory cancer cells adopted the conversion of epithelial to mesenchymal phenotype; additionally, miR-200 family members were found significantly down-regulated in CCRT resistance cells by miRNA microarray screening. Down-regulated miR-200 family in CCRT resistance cells suppressed E-cadherin expression through snail and slug, and accompany with an increase in N-cadherin. Rescuing expressions of miR-200 family members in CCRT resistance cells, particularly in miR-200b and miR-200c, could convert cells to epithelial phenotype by increasing E-cadherin expression and sensitize cells to CCRT treatment. Conversely, the suppression of miR-200b and miR-200c in ESCC cells attenuated E-cadherin, and that converted cells to mesenchymal type by elevating N-cadherin expression, and impaired cell sensitivity to CCRT treatment. Moreover, the results of ESCC specimens staining established the clinical relevance that higher N-cadherin expression levels associate with the poor CCRT response outcome in ESCC patients. Conclusively, miR-200b and miR-200c can modulate the conversion of epithelial-mesenchymal phenotype in ESCC, and thereby altering the response of cells to CCRT treatment. Targeting epithelial-mesenchymal conversion in acquired CCRT resistance may be a potential therapeutic option for ESCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cheng Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Han Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35 Xiaodong Rd., Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (W.-L.C.); (W.-D.L.); (J.-K.P.); (C.-H.T.)
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 840, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Chang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35 Xiaodong Rd., Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (W.-L.C.); (W.-D.L.); (J.-K.P.); (C.-H.T.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Der Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35 Xiaodong Rd., Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (W.-L.C.); (W.-D.L.); (J.-K.P.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Jhih-Kai Pan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35 Xiaodong Rd., Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (W.-L.C.); (W.-D.L.); (J.-K.P.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Wei-Jan Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Research Center for Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan;
| | - Bor-Chyuan Su
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Hsien-Hui Chung
- Preventive Medicine Program, Center for General Education, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320, Taiwan;
- Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung 907, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsun Tsai
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35 Xiaodong Rd., Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (W.-L.C.); (W.-D.L.); (J.-K.P.); (C.-H.T.)
| | - Forn-Chia Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Ching Wang
- Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, No. 901, Zhonghua Rd., Yongkang Dist., Tainan 710, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Lu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 35 Xiaodong Rd., Tainan 704, Taiwan; (C.-H.L.); (W.-L.C.); (W.-D.L.); (J.-K.P.); (C.-H.T.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine Research, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 704, Taiwan
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19
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hsa-miR-206b Involves in the Development of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma via Targeting LMX1B. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7488708. [PMID: 35342753 PMCID: PMC8948606 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7488708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most common endocrine system malignant thyroid cancer, and patients with lymph node metastasis typically exhibit poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can act as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors in PTC. This study was aimed at using PTC transcriptome data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify differentially expressed, survival-related miRNAs and target genes. Methods We analyzed the TCGA datasets to identify differentially expressed mRNAs/miRNAs in 493 PTC patients with stage I_II group (stages I and II) versus stage III_IV group (stages III and IV) according to TNM staging. The Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the Cox regression analysis, and the log-rank test were performed to investigate survival-related miRNAs. Results We identified 36 significantly differentially expressed miRNAs in the stage I_II group versus the stage III_IV group, in which 31 were upregulated and only 5 were downregulated (i.e., hsa-miR-891a-5p, hsa-miR-892a, hsa-miR-888-5p, hsa-miR-891b, and hsa-miR-892b). Additionally, five signature miRNAs (hsa-miR-206, hsa-miR-299-3p, hsa-miR-299-5p, hsa-miR-496, and hsa-miR-509-3-5p) were associated with the overall survival of PTC patients. We also found that LMX1B, whose expression was inversely correlated with hsa-miR-206 expression, was a putative target gene of hsa-miR-206 and LMX1B was likely to serve as a tumor suppressor in PTC. Conclusion hsa-miR-206b might be involved in promoting TNM staging in PTC via targeting of LMX1B.
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20
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Yu J, He X, Fang C, Wu H, Hu L, Xue Y. MicroRNA‑200a‑3p and GATA6 are abnormally expressed in patients with non‑small cell lung cancer and exhibit high clinical diagnostic efficacy. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:281. [PMID: 35317445 PMCID: PMC8908458 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the main threats to human health. Survival of patients with lung cancer depends on timely detection and diagnosis. Among the genetic irregularities that control cancer development and progression, there are microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs). The present study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of miR-200a-3p and transcription factor GATA-6 (GATA6) in peripheral blood of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and their clinical significance. The expression patterns of miR-200a-3p and GATA6 in the peripheral blood of patients with NSCLC and healthy subjects were measured via reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. The correlation between GATA6/miR-200a-3p expression and their diagnostic efficacy were analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The association between miR-200a-3p/GATA6 expression with the patient clinicopathological characteristics, and their correlation with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron specific enolase (NSE) and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCAg) were evaluated. The cumulative survival rate was examined, and whether miR-200a-3p and GATA6 expression levels were independently correlated with the prognosis of NSCLC was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression model. The results demonstrated that the expression of miR-200a-3p was high and that of GATA6 was low in the peripheral blood of patients with NSCLC, and both exhibited high clinical diagnostic efficacy. miR-200a-3p was revealed to target GATA6 by dual-luciferase assay. miR-200a-3p in the peripheral blood was correlated with TNM stage, lymph node metastasis and distal metastasis, while GATA6 in the peripheral blood was correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis. miR-200a-3p and GATA6 were positively correlated with CEA and SCCAg, but not with NSE. High expression of miR-200a-3p and low expression of GATA6 predicted poor prognosis in patients with NSCLC. After adjusting for TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, distance metastasis, GATA6, CEA, NSE and SCCAg in the logistic regression model, it was indicated that the high expression of miR-200a-3p increased the risk of death in patients with NSCLC. Collectively, it was revealed that miR-200a-3p and GATA6 were abnormally expressed in the peripheral blood of patients with NSCLC. Serum levels of miR-200a-3p >1.475 and GATA6 <1.195 may assist the early diagnosis of NSCLC. GATA6 may function in NSCLC as a miR-200a-3p target, which may provide a future reference for NSCLC early diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Xinyun He
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Chunju Fang
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Haixia Wu
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Guizhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550003, P.R. China
| | - Yingbo Xue
- Department of Oncology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550001, P.R. China
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21
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Mortoglou M, Buha Djordjevic A, Djordjevic V, Collins H, York L, Mani K, Valle E, Wallace D, Uysal-Onganer P. Role of microRNAs in response to cadmium chloride in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:467-485. [PMID: 34905088 PMCID: PMC8837568 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-021-03196-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most fatal and aggressive malignancies with a 5-year survival rate less than 9%. Early detection is particularly difficult due to the lack of symptoms even in advanced stages. microRNAs (miRs/miRNAs) are small (~ 18-24 nucleotides), endogenous, non-coding RNAs, which are involved in the pathogenesis of several malignancies including PDAC. Alterations of miR expressions can lead to apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. The role of environmental pollutants such as cadmium (Cd) in PDAC has been suggested but not fully understood. This study underlines the role of miRs (miR-221, miR-155, miR-126) in response to cadmium chloride (CdCl2) in vitro. Lethal concentration (LC50) values for CdCl2 resulted in a toxicity series of AsPC-1 > HPNE > BxPC-3 > Panc-1 = Panc-10.5. Following the treatment with CdCl2, miR-221 and miR-155 were significantly overexpressed, whereas miR-126 was downregulated. An increase in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the dysregulation of mesenchymal markers such as Wnt-11, E-cadherin, Snail, and Zeb1 was also observed. Hence, this study has provided evidence to suggest that the environmental pollutant Cd can have a significant role in the development of PDAC, suggesting a significant correlation between miRs and Cd exposure during PDAC progression. Further studies are needed to investigate the precise role of miRs in PDAC progression as well as the role of Cd and other environmental pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mortoglou
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW UK
| | | | | | - Hunter Collins
- College of Medicine and the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107-1898 USA
| | - Lauren York
- College of Medicine and the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107-1898 USA
| | - Katherine Mani
- College of Medicine and the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107-1898 USA
| | - Elizabeth Valle
- College of Medicine and the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107-1898 USA
| | - David Wallace
- College of Medicine and the Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, 1111 West 17th Street, Tulsa, OK 74107-1898 USA
| | - Pinar Uysal-Onganer
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW UK
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22
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Therapeutic Targeting of Intestinal Fibrosis in Crohn's Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030429. [PMID: 35159238 PMCID: PMC8834168 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal fibrosis is one of the most threatening complications of Crohn’s disease. It occurs in more than a third of patients with this condition, is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, and surgery often represents the only available therapeutic option. The mechanisms underlying intestinal fibrosis are partly known. Studies conducted so far have shown a relevant pathogenetic role played by mesenchymal cells (especially myofibroblasts), cytokines (e.g., transforming growth factor-β), growth factors, microRNAs, intestinal microbiome, matrix stiffness, and mesenteric adipocytes. Further studies are still necessary to elucidate all the mechanisms involved in intestinal fibrosis, so that targeted therapies can be developed. Although several pre-clinical studies have been conducted so far, no anti-fibrotic therapy is yet available to prevent or reverse intestinal fibrosis. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the main therapeutic targets currently identified and the most promising anti-fibrotic therapies, which may be available in the near future.
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叶 静, 徐 文, 陈 天. [Identification of onco-miRNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma and analysis of their regulatory network]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2022; 42:45-54. [PMID: 35249869 PMCID: PMC8901393 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.01.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To construct the regulatory network of survival-related onco-miRNAs and their target genes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and verify the interactions between the key miRNAs and their targets. METHODS We screened survival-related miRNAs in HCC in OncomiR and Oncolnc databases, predicted their target genes using miRNet, and conducted survival and expression analysis using GEPIA2 and Ualcan, respectively. The miRNA-target gene co-expression analysis was performed and the miRNA-target network was constructed. Enrichment analysis was performed in Enrichr and protein-protein interaction analysis in STRING database. We tested the effects of transfection with the mimic or inhibitor of hsa-miR-1226-3p or hsa-miR-221-5p on proliferation of HepG2 cells using CCK8 assay and examined the changes in the expressions of the target genes using RT-qPCR. The effect of transfection with hsa-miR-221-5p mimic or inhibitor on protein expressions of the target genes was examined using Western blotting in. A dual luciferase reporter assay was used to test the interaction between hsa-miR-221-5p and its potential target gene GCDH. We further examined the effect of transfection with hsa-miR-221-5p mimic and pEGFP N1-GCDH, alone or in combination, on proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2 cells. RESULTS We identified 223 survival-related miRNAs in HCC from OncomiR and 146 miRNAs from Oncolnc with an intersection of 131 miRNAs, and 48 miRNAs were identified as onco-miRNAs in HCC after survival and expression analysis. Twenty-seven eligible target genes were identified after miRNA-mRNA co-expression analysis. The constructed miRNA-target gene network consisted of 25 miRNAs and 27 target genes. The most enriched term was fatty acid metabolism for the target genes. In HepG2 cells, transfection with the mimic or inhibitor of hsa-miR-1226-3p or hsa-miR-221-5p caused significant changes of the mRNA and protein levels of their respective target genes (P < 0.05). The results of dual luciferase reporter assay confirmed the targeting relationship between hsa-miR-221-5p and GCDH gene (P < 0.05). Transfection with hsa-miR-221-5p mimic significantly suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2 cells, but this effect was obviously relieved by co-transformation with pEGFP N1-GCDH (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Fatty acid metabolism might be one of the most crucial pathways that mediate the effect of the oncomiRNAs in HCC, and the hsa-miR-221-5p/GCDH axis is an important molecular mechanism for HCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- 静静 叶
- 皖南医学院弋矶山医院中心实验室,安徽 芜湖 241001Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
- 皖南医学院重大疾病非编码 RNA 转化研究安徽普通高校重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241001Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - 文琴 徐
- 皖南医学院弋矶山医院中心实验室,安徽 芜湖 241001Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
- 皖南医学院重大疾病非编码 RNA 转化研究安徽普通高校重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241001Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
| | - 天兵 陈
- 皖南医学院弋矶山医院中心实验室,安徽 芜湖 241001Central Laboratory, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
- 皖南医学院重大疾病非编码 RNA 转化研究安徽普通高校重点实验室,安徽 芜湖 241001Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241001, China
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24
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Prinz F, Jonas K, Balihodzic A, Klec C, Reicher A, Barth DA, Riedl J, Gerger A, Kiesslich T, Mayr C, Rinner B, Kargl J, Pichler M. MicroRNA mimics can distort physiological microRNA effects on immune checkpoints by triggering an antiviral interferon response. RNA Biol 2022; 19:1305-1315. [PMID: 36469564 PMCID: PMC9728468 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2022.2152978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microRNA-200 family has wide-ranging regulatory functions in cancer development and progression. Above all, it is strongly associated with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process during which cells change their epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype and acquire invasive characteristics. More recently, miR-200 family members have also been reported to impact the immune evasion of cancer cells by regulating the expression of immunoinhibitory immune checkpoints (ICs) like PD-L1. Therefore, we aimed to comprehensively characterize this miR-200 family as a regulatory interface between EMT and immune evasion mechanisms in biliary tract cancer. Initial correlation analyses and transient overexpression experiments using miRNA mimics suggested miR-200c-3p as a putative regulator of ICs including PD-L1, LGALS9, and IDO1. However, these effects could not be confirmed in stable miR-200c-3p overexpression cell lines, nor in cells transiently transfected with miR-200c-3p mimic from an independent manufacturer. By shifting our efforts towards dissecting the mechanisms leading to these disparate effects, we observed that the initially used miR-200c-3p mimic triggered a double-stranded (ds)RNA-dependent antiviral response. Besides upregulating the ICs, this had substantial cellular consequences including an induction of interferon type I and type III expression, increased levels of intracellular dsRNA sensors, and a significantly altered cellular growth and apoptotic activity.Our study highlights the capability of miRNA mimics to non-specifically induce a dsRNA-mediated antiviral interferon response. Consequently, phenotypic alterations crucially distort physiological miRNA functions and might result in a major misinterpretation of previous and future miRNA studies, especially in the context of IC regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Prinz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Research Unit for Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Katharina Jonas
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Research Unit for Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Amar Balihodzic
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Research Unit for Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christiane Klec
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Research Unit for Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Reicher
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Research Unit for Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Dominik Andreas Barth
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jakob Riedl
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Center for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christian Mayr
- Center for Physiology, Pathophysiology and Biophysics, Institute for Physiology and Pathophysiology Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Beate Rinner
- Division of Biomedical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Julia Kargl
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Research Unit for Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,CONTACT Martin Pichler Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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25
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Yin Y, Shi L, Yang J, Wang H, Yang H, Wang Q. B7 family member H4 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition and promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. Bioengineered 2021; 13:107-118. [PMID: 34818980 PMCID: PMC8805878 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2009411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract, which has the second highest incidence among gastrointestinal tumors. At present, due to the limitations of current CRC treatment strategies, there is an urgent need for developing more effective therapies. B7 family member H4 (B7-H4) is associated with the progression of a wide spectrum of cancers, but its functional role in CRC is unknown. The purpose of this study is to clarify the role of B7-H4 in CRC and the underlying mechanisms in controlling the progression of CRC. Our data showed that B7-H4 expression in CRC tissues and cell lines was significantly upregulated as compared with normal tissues and normal cell lines. High B7-H4 expression was correlated with a poor prognosis of CRC patients. B7-H4 overexpression promoted the proliferation and invasion of CRC cells, which could be suppressed by Wnt signaling inhibitor. In a mouse xenograft model, silencing B7-H4 suppressed tumor growth and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CRC cells. Collectively, our study demonstrated the oncogenic roles of B7-H4 in regulating the proliferation, EMT as well as the migration of CRC cells through Wnt signaling pathway. The heightened expression of B7-H4 could serve as a prognostic marker for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhen Yin
- Cancer Center, Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Suzhou, China
| | - Lili Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Suzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Cancer Center, Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Cancer Center, Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, Suzhou, China
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26
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The emerging role of miR-200 family in metastasis: focus on EMT, CSCs, angiogenesis, and anoikis. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6935-6947. [PMID: 34510322 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer is the second major threat to human society and one of the main challenges facing healthcare systems. One of the main problems of cancer care is the metastases of cancer cells that cause 90% of deaths due to cancer. Multiple molecular mechanisms are involved in cancer cell metastasis. Therefore, a better understanding of these molecular mechanisms is necessary for designing restrictive strategies against cancer cell metastasis. Accumulating data suggests that MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in metastasis and invasion of human tumors through regulating multiple genes expression levels that are involved in molecular mechanisms of metastasis. The goal of this review is to present the molecular pathways by which the miR 200 family manifests its effects on EMT, cancer stem cells, angiogenesis, anoikis, and the effects of tumor cell metastases. METHODS A detailed literature search was conducted to find information about the role of the miR-200 family in the processes involved in metastasis in various databases. RESULTS Numerous lines of evidence revealed an association between the mir-200 family and metastasis of human tumors by impressing processes such as cancer stem cells, EMT, angiogenesis, and anoikis. CONCLUSIONS Understanding the molecular mechanisms associated with metastasis in which the miR-200 family is involved can be effective in treating metastatic cancers.
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27
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Zia A, Sahebdel F, Farkhondeh T, Ashrafizadeh M, Zarrabi A, Hushmandi K, Samarghandian S. A review study on the modulation of SIRT1 expression by miRNAs in aging and age-associated diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:52-61. [PMID: 34364937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) as a NAD + -dependent Class III protein deacetylase, involves in longevity and various cellular physiological processes. SIRT1 via deacetylating transcription factors regulates cell growth, inflammation, metabolism, hypoxic responses, cell survival, senescence, and aging. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that modulate the expression of target genes in a post-transcriptional manner. Recent investigations have exhibited that miRNAs have an important role in regulating cell growth, development, stress responses, tumor formation and suppression, cell death, and aging. In the present review, we summarize recent findings about the roles of miRNAs in regulating SIRT1 and SIRT1-associated signaling cascade and downstream effects, like apoptosis and aging. Here we introduce and discuss how activity and expression of SIRT1 are modulated by miRNAs and further review the therapeutic potential of targeting miRNAs for age-associated diseases that involve SIRT1 dysfunction. Although at its infancy, research on the roles of miRNAs in aging and their function through modulating SIRT1 may provide new insights in deciphering the key molecular pathways related to aging and age-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliabbas Zia
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IBB), University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Sahebdel
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of epidemiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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28
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Stevenson AW, Deng Z, Allahham A, Prêle CM, Wood FM, Fear MW. The epigenetics of keloids. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1099-1114. [PMID: 34152651 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Keloid scarring is a fibroproliferative disorder of the skin with unknown pathophysiology, characterised by fibrotic tissue that extends beyond the boundaries of the original wound. Therapeutic options are few and commonly ineffective, with keloids very commonly recurring even after surgery and adjunct treatments. Epigenetics, defined as alterations to the DNA not involving the base-pair sequence, is a key regulator of cell functions, and aberrant epigenetic modifications have been found to contribute to many pathologies. Multiple studies have examined many different epigenetic modifications in keloids, including DNA methylation, histone modification, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs. These studies have established that epigenetic dysregulation exists in keloid scars, and successful future treatment of keloids may involve reverting these aberrant modifications back to those found in normal skin. Here we summarise the clinical and experimental studies available on the epigenetics of keloids, discuss the major open questions and future perspectives on the treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew W Stevenson
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Zhenjun Deng
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Amira Allahham
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Cecilia M Prêle
- Ear Science Centre, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Fiona M Wood
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Burns Service of Western Australia, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children and Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Mark W Fear
- Burn Injury Research Unit, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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29
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Corrao G, Zaffaroni M, Bergamaschi L, Augugliaro M, Volpe S, Pepa M, Bonizzi G, Pece S, Amodio N, Mistretta FA, Luzzago S, Musi G, Alessi S, La Fauci FM, Tordonato C, Tosoni D, Cattani F, Gandini S, Petralia G, Pravettoni G, De Cobelli O, Viale G, Orecchia R, Marvaso G, Jereczek-Fossa BA. Exploring miRNA Signature and Other Potential Biomarkers for Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer Characterization: The Biological Challenge behind Clinical Practice. A Narrative Review. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133278. [PMID: 34208918 PMCID: PMC8267686 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The oligometastatic prostate cancer state is defined as the presence of a number of lesions ≤ 5 and has been significantly correlated with better survival if compared to a number of metastases > 5. In particular, patients in an oligometastatic setting could benefit from a metastates directed therapy, which could control the disease delaying the start of systemic therapies. For this reason, the selection of true-oligometastatic patients who could benefit from such approach is particularly important in this setting. The aim of the present narrative review is to report the current state of the art on the liquid biopsy-derived analytes and their reliability as biomarkers in the clinics for the identification of true-oligometastatic patients. This kind of molecular profiling could refine current developments in the era of precision oncology allowing patients’ stratification and leading to more refined therapeutic strategies. Abstract In recent years, a growing interest has been directed towards oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC), as patients with three to five metastatic lesions have shown a significantly better survival as compared with those harboring a higher number of lesions. The efficacy of local ablative treatments directed on metastatic lesions (metastases-directed treatments) was extensively investigated, with the aim of preventing further disease progression and delaying the start of systemic androgen deprivation therapies. Definitive diagnosis of prostate cancer is traditionally based on histopathological analysis. Nevertheless, a bioptic sample—static in nature—inevitably fails to reflect the dynamics of the tumor and its biological response due to the dynamic selective pressure of cancer therapies, which can profoundly influence spatio-temporal heterogeneity. Furthermore, even with new imaging technologies allowing an increasingly early detection, the diagnosis of oligometastasis is currently based exclusively on radiological investigations. Given these premises, the development of minimally-invasive liquid biopsies was recently promoted and implemented as predictive biomarkers both for clinical decision-making at pre-treatment (baseline assessment) and for monitoring treatment response during the clinical course of the disease. Through liquid biopsy, different biomarkers, commonly extracted from blood, urine or saliva, can be characterized and implemented in clinical routine to select targeted therapies and assess treatment response. Moreover, this approach has the potential to act as a tissue substitute and to accelerate the identification of novel and consistent predictive analytes cost-efficiently. However, the utility of tumor profiling is currently limited in OMPC due to the lack of clinically validated predictive biomarkers. In this scenario, different ongoing trials, such as the RADIOSA trial, might provide additional insights into the biology of the oligometastatic state and on the identification of novel biomarkers for the outlining of true oligometastatic patients, paving the way towards a wider ideal approach of personalized medicine. The aim of the present narrative review is to report the current state of the art on the solidity of liquid biopsy-related analytes such as CTCs, cfDNA, miRNA and epi-miRNA, and to provide a benchmark for their further clinical implementation. Arguably, this kind of molecular profiling could refine current developments in the era of precision oncology and lead to more refined therapeutic strategies in this subset of oligometastatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Corrao
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Mattia Zaffaroni
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
| | - Luca Bergamaschi
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Matteo Augugliaro
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefania Volpe
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Matteo Pepa
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
| | - Giuseppina Bonizzi
- Department of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Salvatore Pece
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
- Novel Diagnostics Program, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | | | - Stefano Luzzago
- Department of Urology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Gennaro Musi
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
- Department of Urology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Sarah Alessi
- Division of Radiology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Francesco Maria La Fauci
- Unit of Medical Physics IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.M.L.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Chiara Tordonato
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Daniela Tosoni
- Novel Diagnostics Program, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Federica Cattani
- Unit of Medical Physics IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.M.L.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Sara Gandini
- Department of Experimental Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Petralia
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
- Division of Radiology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gabriella Pravettoni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
- Applied Research Division for Cognitive and Psychological Science, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavio De Cobelli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
- Department of Urology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy; (F.A.M.); (S.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Viale
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
- Department of Pathology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Roberto Orecchia
- Scientific Direction, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giulia Marvaso
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Barbara Alicja Jereczek-Fossa
- Division of Radiation Oncology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Via Ripamonti 435, 20141 Milan, Italy; (G.C.); (M.Z.); (L.B.); (S.V.); (M.P.); (G.M.); (B.A.J.-F.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, 20141 Milan, Italy; (S.P.); (G.M.); (C.T.); (G.P.); (G.P.); (O.D.C.); (G.V.)
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Akbari A, Sedaghat M, Heshmati J, Tabaeian SP, Dehghani S, Pizarro AB, Rostami Z, Agah S. Molecular mechanisms underlying curcumin-mediated microRNA regulation in carcinogenesis; Focused on gastrointestinal cancers. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111849. [PMID: 34214729 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin is a bioactive ingredient found in the Rhizomes of Curcuma longa. Curcumin is well known for its chemopreventive and anti-cancer properties. Recent findings have demonstrated several pharmacological and biological impacts of curcumin, related to the control and the management of gastrointestinal cancers. Mechanistically, curcumin exerts its biological impacts via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects through the interaction with various transcription factors and signaling molecules. Moreover, epigenetic modulators such as microRNAs (miRNAs) have been revealed as novel targets of curcumin. Curcumin was discovered to regulate the expression of numerous pathogenic miRNAs in gastric, colorectal, esophageal and liver cancers. The present systematic review was performed to identify miRNAs that are modulated by curcumin in gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Akbari
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meghdad Sedaghat
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Javad Heshmati
- Songhor Healthcare Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Seidamir Pasha Tabaeian
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sadegh Dehghani
- Radiation Sciences Department, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Rostami
- Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Shahram Agah
- Colorectal Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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31
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Nazarian H, Novin MG, Khaleghi S, Habibi B. Small non-coding RNAs in embryonic pre-implantation. Curr Mol Med 2021; 22:287-299. [PMID: 34042034 DOI: 10.2174/1566524021666210526162917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Failure of embryo implantation has been introduced as an important limiting parameter in early assisted reproduction and pregnancy. The embryo-maternal interactions, endometrial receptivity, and detections of implantation consist of the embryo viability. For regulating the implantation, multiple molecules may be consisted, however, their specific regulatory mechanisms still stand unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been highly concerned due to their important effect on human embryo implantation. MicroRNA (miRNA), which acts as the transcriptional regulator of gene expression, is consisted in embryo implantation. Scholars determined that miRNAs cannot affect the cells and release by cells in the extracellular environment considering facilitating intercellular communication, multiple packaging forms, and preparing indicative data in the case of pathological and physiological conditions. The detection of extracellular miRNAs provided new information in cases of implantation studies. For embryo-maternal communication, MiRNAs offered novel approaches. In addition, in assisted reproduction, for embryo choice and prediction of endometrial receptivity, they can act as non-invasive biomarkers and can enhance the accuracy in the process of reducing the mechanical damage for the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Nazarian
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marefat Ghaffari Novin
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Khaleghi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahare Habibi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Yousef M, Goy G, Mitra R, Eischen CM, Jabeer A, Bakir-Gungor B. miRcorrNet: machine learning-based integration of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles, combined with feature grouping and ranking. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11458. [PMID: 34055490 PMCID: PMC8140596 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of disease development and progression mechanisms at the molecular level is critical both for the diagnosis of a disease and for the development of therapeutic approaches. The advancements in high throughput technologies allowed to generate mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression profiles; and the integrative analysis of these profiles allowed to uncover the functional effects of RNA expression in complex diseases, such as cancer. Several researches attempt to integrate miRNA and mRNA expression profiles using statistical methods such as Pearson correlation, and then combine it with enrichment analysis. In this study, we developed a novel tool called miRcorrNet, which performs machine learning-based integration to analyze miRNA and mRNA gene expression profiles. miRcorrNet groups mRNAs based on their correlation to miRNA expression levels and hence it generates groups of target genes associated with each miRNA. Then, these groups are subject to a rank function for classification. We have evaluated our tool using miRNA and mRNA expression profiling data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and performed comparative evaluation with existing tools. In our experiments we show that miRcorrNet performs as good as other tools in terms of accuracy (reaching more than 95% AUC value). Additionally, miRcorrNet includes ranking steps to separate two classes, namely case and control, which is not available in other tools. We have also evaluated the performance of miRcorrNet using a completely independent dataset. Moreover, we conducted a comprehensive literature search to explore the biological functions of the identified miRNAs. We have validated our significantly identified miRNA groups against known databases, which yielded about 90% accuracy. Our results suggest that miRcorrNet is able to accurately prioritize pan-cancer regulating high-confidence miRNAs. miRcorrNet tool and all other supplementary files are available at https://github.com/malikyousef/miRcorrNet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Yousef
- Galilee Digital Health Research Center (GDH), Zefat Academic College, Zefat, Israel.,Department of Information Systems, Zefat Academic College, Zefat, Israel
| | - Gokhan Goy
- Department of Computer Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ramkrishna Mitra
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christine M Eischen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amhar Jabeer
- Department of Computer Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Burcu Bakir-Gungor
- Department of Computer Engineering, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri, Turkey
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Wang HY, Liu YN, Wu SG, Hsu CL, Chang TH, Tsai MF, Lin YT, Shih JY. MiR-200c-3p suppression is associated with development of acquired resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors in EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer via a mediating epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Cancer Biomark 2021; 28:351-363. [PMID: 32417760 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-191119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND EGFR-mutant lung cancer inevitably develops resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical relevance of microRNAs (miRNAs) in TKI therapy response and resistance. METHODS We performed a miRNA PCR array analysis and used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to identify potential miRNAs related to EGFR TKIs resistance. We then correlated miRNA expression in 70 surgical and 50 malignant pleural effusion specimens with patient outcomes in those with non-small cell lung carcinoma. Molecular manipulation was performed in EGFR mutant lung cancer cells to assess the effect of miR-200c-3p on cell migratory ability and EGFR-TKI sensitivity. RESULTS We identified miR-200c-3p and miR-203a-3p as potential EGFR TKI resistance regulators via their modulation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). MiR-200c-3p and miR-203a-3p were down-regulated in EGFR TKI-resistant cell lines. Progression-free survival (PFS) with EGFR-TKI treatment of patients with high miR-200c-3p expression, but not miR-203a-3p, in the specimens was significantly longer than that of patients with low expression. MiR-200c-3p overexpression inhibited the EMT process in EGFR TKI resistance cell lines and promoted cell death. MiR-200c-3p silencing in EGFR TKI sensitive cell lines increased drug resistance. CONCLUSION MiR-200c-3p plays a role in sensitivity to EGFR TKIs via modulating EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Thoracic Medicine Center, Department of Medicine and Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Nan Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Gin Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lang Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hua Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Feng Tsai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Da-Yeh University, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Yuan Shih
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Guo H, Yan Z, Hu Y, Huang X, Pan C. Complement C7 is Specifically Expressed in Mesangial Cells and is a Potential Diagnostic Biomarker for Diabetic Nephropathy and is Regulated by miR-494-3p and miR-574-5p. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3077-3088. [PMID: 34262312 PMCID: PMC8273746 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s311725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, but it remains relatively underdiagnosed. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to explore the key regulatory pathways and potential biomarkers related to DN using integrated bioinformatics analysis and validation. METHODS First, the microarray data of the GSE30528 and GSE96804 datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. Then, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), gene ontology (GO) annotation, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to identify key pathways and genes. qRT-PCR and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to validate our results. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were reanalyzed to investigate the expression specificity of C7 in DN cells. An online database search and luciferase reporter assay identified the target relationship between miRNAs and C7. RESULTS The "complement and coagulation cascades" were significantly enriched, and complement C3 and C7 were candidate markers. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that C7 had significant diagnostic value (AUC=0.865) in DN. Through scRNA-seq reanalysis, we found that C7 was specifically elevated in mesangial (MES) cells of DN. Moreover, we found that the expression of C7 was regulated by miR-494-3p and miR-574-5p. CONCLUSION This is the first study to reveal that C7 is specifically expressed in mesangial cells, is a potential diagnostic biomarker for diabetic nephropathy, and is regulated by miR-494-3p and miR-574-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Guo
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyue Yan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonghui Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xitong Huang
- Department of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, People’s Republic of China
| | - Congqing Pan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Congqing Pan Email
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Li C, Liu HL, Zhou YM, Shi YC, Zhang ZB, Chen L, Feng SY. Astrocyte elevated gene-1 serves as a target of miR542 to promote glioblastoma proliferation and invasion. Chin Med J (Engl) 2020; 133:2437-2443. [PMID: 32925290 PMCID: PMC7575175 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is strongly linked with tumor invasion and metastasis, which performs a vital role in carcinogenesis and cancer progression. Emerging evidence suggests that microRNAs (miRNAs) expression are closely associated to EMT by regulating targeted genes. MiR542 has been found to be involved in the EMT program and bound up with various cancers. However, the functions of miR542 and its underlying mechanism in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remain largely unknown. In the current study, we investigated the effect of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) on U251 cells aggressiveness, proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle. METHODS The screening of targeted miRNAs was performed, as well as the functional roles and mechanisms of miR542 were explored. RESULTS MiR542 was selected as the target because of the most significantly differential expression and this high level of expression negatively correlated with cell migration and proliferation, which suggested that miR542 could be a novel tumor suppressor. Moreover, we confirmed that AEG-1 was a direct targeted gene of miR542 by luciferase activity assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and immunoblotting analysis. Furthermore, miR542 suppressed the expression of AEG-1, which upgraded the level of E-cadherin and degraded Vimentin expression contributing to retraining EMT. CONCLUSION The in vitro findings demonstrated that miR542 inhibited the migration and proliferation of U251 cells and suppressed EMT through targeting AEG-1, indicating that miR542 may be a potential anti-cancer target for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hai-Long Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yu-Mei Zhou
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010058, China
| | - Yan-Chun Shi
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhi-Bin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shi-Yu Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Lin W, Zhou L, Liu M, Zhang D, Yan Y, Chang YF, Zhang X, Xie Q, Luo Q. gga-miR-200b-3p Promotes Macrophage Activation and Differentiation via Targeting Monocyte to Macrophage Differentiation-Associated in HD11 Cells. Front Immunol 2020; 11:563143. [PMID: 33101281 PMCID: PMC7555432 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.563143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in various biological processes through regulation of gene expression post-transcriptionally. Although miRNAs are involved in cell proliferation and differentiation in mammals, few reports regarding the effects of host miRNAs on macrophage activation and differentiation are available in birds. Here, we reported that gga-miR-200b-3p acts as a positive regulator, enhancing macrophage activation and differentiation using an avian model. We found that ectopic expression of gga-miR-200b-3p in HD11 cells enhances the amount of MHC-II-positive cells and promotes the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and that gga-miR-200b-3p directly targets monocyte to macrophage differentiation-associated (MMD). The inhibition of MMD by gga-miR-200b-3p enhances the activation and differentiation of HD11 cells and increases the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, these findings highlight a crucial role of gga-miR-200b-3p in macrophage activation and differentiation in birds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencheng Lin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianghui Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Manqing Liu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Danmeng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiming Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yung-Fu Chang
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Xiquan Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingbin Luo
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding & Key Laboratory of Chicken Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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Abstract
Tumour budding is an emerging prognostic biomarker in colorectal cancer (CRC) and other solid cancers. Tumour buds are usually defined as isolated single cancer cells or clusters of up to four cancer cells located at the invasive tumour front. The prognostic value of tumour budding is now supported by a large body of evidence, whereas the utility of this phenotype as a predictive biomarker remains under investigation. The application of tumour budding indices in clinical practice requires a standardized scoring system that can be tailored to specific tumour types and clinical scenarios. In the context of CRC, tumour budding can be assessed according to the method agreed at the International Tumour Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) in 2016. Using the ITBCC scoring system, tumour budding is an independent predictor of lymph node metastasis in patients with pT1 CRC and of unfavourable survival in patients with stage II colon cancer. Regardless of the clinical scenario or tumour type, the assertion that 'the more tumour buds, the worse the clinical outcome' applies. In this Review, we provide an overview of tumour budding in solid cancers, highlighting the molecular and biological aspects of this phenomenon, including its associations with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and features of the tumour microenvironment. We also describe the available evidence demonstrating the value of tumour budding as a biomarker across various solid cancers.
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Saberinia A, Alinezhad A, Jafari F, Soltany S, Akhavan Sigari R. Oncogenic miRNAs and target therapies in colorectal cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 508:77-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals Function and Regulatory Network of miR-200b-3p in Endometriosis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:3962953. [PMID: 32802844 PMCID: PMC7414375 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3962953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective MicroRNAs play vital roles in the development of endometriosis. It is reported that miR-200b-3p is downregulated in endometriosis, although its mechanisms in this disease remain still unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the function and potential regulatory network of miR-200b-3p in endometriosis through database analysis. Methods The endometriosis gene expression profiles were downloaded from the GEO database to screen differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The predicted and validated target genes of miR-200b-3p were obtained from miRWalk and miRTarBase database. Then, a comparison was performed between miR-200b-3p target genes and DEGs. GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analysis of the target genes was performed using clusterProfiler package. STRING was used to predict the protein-protein interaction among the proteins encoded by the target genes. Then, TransmiR, LncBase, StarBase, PROMO, and AnimalTFDB were employed to identify interactive transcription factors and lncRNAs of miR-200b-3p. Results miR-200b-3p was associated with the transcription factors DNMT1, EZH2, HNF1B, JUN, MYB, ZEB1, and ZEB2 during the pathogenesis of endometriosis. The downstream 110 target genes were involved in the biological processes of positive regulation of MAPK cascade, muscle cell proliferation, organ growth, vasculogenesis, and axon development. KEGG analysis revealed that the main pathways related to miR-200b-3p were microRNAs in cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, colorectal cancer, and tight junction. In addition, four lncRNAs such as MALAT1, NEAT1, SNHG22, and XIST interacted with miR-200b-3p and were associated with transcription factors FOXP3 and YY1. Conclusion The predicted target genes and molecular regulatory network of miR-200b-3p in endometriosis not only revealed its biological function but also provided a valuable guideline for further research.
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Tamagawa S, Enomoto K, Gunduz E, Gunduz M, Sato F, Uchino S, Muragaki Y, Hotomi M. MicroRNA 200b promotes mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in anaplastic thyroid carcinoma. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:3. [PMID: 32774477 PMCID: PMC7405414 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.11864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) remains a cancer with one of the worst prognoses, despite novel targeted therapies. The median survival rate has not improved for decades. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a crucial step in physiological processes and in cancer progression, but the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. The current study examined the role of microRNA (miR)-200b in mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition in ATC. Total RNA and miR isolation were performed from ATC cell lines transfected with a miR-200b mimic. After miR-200b mimic transfection, expression levels of E-cadherin, vimentin and zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) were confirmed by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. Additionally, cell migration was evaluated using miR-200b mimic and scrambled negative control-transfected cells. A total of 14 human ATC and 15 non-cancerous human thyroid tissues were immunohistochemically stained and scored as controls for E-cadherin, vimentin and ZEB1. In ATC tissues and cell lines, the mesenchymal marker ZEB1 was significantly upregulated and the epithelial marker E-cadherin was significantly downregulated. Additionally, the mesenchymal marker vimentin was significantly upregulated in ATC tissues and in one ATC cell line. MiR-200b mimic transfection significantly increased vimentin and ZEB1 expression, but E-cadherin expression remained below the measurement sensitivity. Furthermore, miR-200b overexpression decreased cell migration. The current study suggested that miR-200b may regulate the expression levels of mesenchymal markers such as vimentin and ZEB1 in ATC and may promote mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunji Tamagawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Keisuke Enomoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Esra Gunduz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Mehmet Gunduz
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Fuyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Shinya Uchino
- Noguchi Thyroid Clinic and Hospital Foundation, Beppu, Oita 874-0902, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Muragaki
- Department of Pathology, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
| | - Muneki Hotomi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan
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Chakrabarty A, Surendran S, Bhola NE, Mishra VS, Wani TH, Baghel KS, Arteaga CL, Garg R, Chowdhury G. The H1047R PIK3CA oncogene induces a senescence-like state, pleiotropy and acute HSP90 dependency in HER2+ mammary epithelial cells. Carcinogenesis 2020; 40:1179-1190. [PMID: 31219154 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In pre-clinical models, co-existence of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER2)-amplification and PI3K catalytic subunit (PIK3CA) mutations results in aggressive, anti-HER2 therapy-resistant breast tumors. This is not always reflected in clinical setting. We speculated that the complex interaction between the HER2 and PIK3CA oncogenes is responsible for such inconsistency. We performed series of biochemical, molecular and cellular assays on genetically engineered isogenic mammary epithelial cell lines and breast cancer cells expressing both oncogenes. In vitro observations were validated in xenografts models. We showed that H1047R, one of the most common PIK3CA mutations, is responsible for endowing a senescence-like state in mammary epithelial cells overexpressing HER2. Instead of imposing a permanent growth arrest characteristic of oncogene-induced senescence, the proteome secreted by the mutant cells promotes stem cell enrichment, angiogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, altered immune surveillance and acute vulnerability toward HSP90 inhibition. We inferred that the pleiotropism, as observed here, conferred by the mutated oncogene, depending on the host microenvironment, contributes to conflicting pre-clinical and clinical characteristics of HER2+, mutated PIK3CA-bearing tumor cells. We also came up with a plausible model for evolution of breast tumors from mammary epithelial cells harboring these two molecular lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sreeraj Surendran
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Neil E Bhola
- IDEAYA Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vishnu S Mishra
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Khemraj S Baghel
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Carlos L Arteaga
- University of Texas Southwestern and Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rohini Garg
- Department of Life Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Goutam Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry, Shiv Nadar University, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Abstract
Over sixty percent of all mammalian protein-coding genes are estimated to be regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), and unsurprisingly miRNA dysregulation has been linked with cancer. Aberrant miRNA expression in cancer cells has been linked with tumourigenesis and drug resistance. In the past decade, increasing number of studies have demonstrated that cholesterol accumulation fuels tumour growth and contributes to drug resistance, therefore, miRNAs controlling cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis are obvious hypothetical targets for investigating their role in cholesterol-mediated drug resistance in cancer. In this review, we have collated published evidences to consolidate this hypothesis and have scrutinized it by utilizing computational tools to explore the role of miRNAs in cholesterol-mediated drug resistance in breast cancer cells. We found that hsa-miR-128 and hsa-miR-223 regulate genes mediating lipid signalling and cholesterol metabolism, cancer drug resistance and breast cancer genes. The analysis demonstrates that targeting these miRNAs in cancer cells presents an opportunity for developing new strategies to combat anticancer drug resistance.
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Li D, Wang J, Zhang M, Hu X, She J, Qiu X, Zhang X, Xu L, Liu Y, Qin S. LncRNA MAGI2-AS3 Is Regulated by BRD4 and Promotes Gastric Cancer Progression via Maintaining ZEB1 Overexpression by Sponging miR-141/200a. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2020; 19:109-123. [PMID: 31837602 PMCID: PMC6920306 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, the biological function of most lncRNAs remains unknown in human gastric cancer. This study here aims to explore the unknown function of lncRNA MAGI2-AS3 in gastric cancer. First, bioinformatics analysis showed that lncRNA MAGI2-AS3 was overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues, and the overexpression of MAGI2-AS3 has been shown to be associated with poor prognosis in all three independent gastric cancer cohorts (The Cancer Genome Atlas stomach cancer [TCGA_STAD], GEO: GSE62254 and GSE15459). The multivariate analysis indicated that lncRNA MAGI2-AS3 was an independent prognostic factor for both overall survival and disease-free survival of gastric cancer patients. Moreover, MAGI2-AS3 was identified to be an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related lncRNA and was highly co-expressed with ZEB1/2 in both gastric cancer tissues and normal stomach tissues. Loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies showed that lncRNA MAGI2-AS3 could positively regulate ZEB1 expression and the process of cell migration and invasion in gastric cancer. Subcellular location assay showed that lncRNA MAGI2-AS3 was mainly located in the cytoplasm of gastric cancer cells. Bioinformatics analysis and functional experiments revealed that lncRNA MAGI2-AS3 was negatively correlated with miR-141/200a expression and negatively regulated miR-141/200a-3p expression in gastric cancer. Therefore, we speculate that lncRNA MAGI2-AS3 promotes tumor progression through sponging miR-141/200a and maintaining overexpression of ZEB1 in gastric cancer. Nevertheless, we identified that BRD4 is a transcriptional regulator of lncRNA MAGI2-AS3 in gastric cancer. Additionally, our findings highlight that lncRNA MAGI2-AS3 is an ideal biomarker and could be a potential therapeutic target for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jingjie Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Meixin Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xinhui Hu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Jiajun She
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Li Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China.
| | - Shanshan Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Embryonic Stem Cell Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, Hubei 442000, P.R. China.
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Morais EF, Pinheiro JC, Lira JA, Mafra RP, Barboza CA, Souza LB, Freitas RD. Prognostic value of the immunohistochemical detection of epithelial-mesenchymal transition biomarkers in oral epithelial dysplasia: A systematic review. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2020; 25:e205-e216. [PMID: 31967982 PMCID: PMC7103448 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) comprise a range of clinical-pathological alterations that are frequently characterized as architectural and cytological derangements upon histological analysis. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been proposed as a critical mechanism for the acquisition of the malignant phenotype in neoplastic epithelial processes. This study aims to systematically review the current findings on the immunohistochemical expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers in oral potentially malignant disorders and to evaluate their possible application as biomarkers associated with the progression of oral epithelial dysplasias. MATERIAL AND METHODS A systematic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database, and Cochrane Library. Articles that evaluated the relationship between the expression of EMT markers and the degree of oral epithelial dysplasia were selected for the systematic review. The quality of each eligible study was evaluated by independent reviewers that used operationalized prognostic biomarker reporting guidelines (REMARK). RESULTS Seventeen articles met all inclusion criteria and were selected. The EMT markers analyzed exhibited an important association with the prognosis of the cases evaluated. The results showed a progressive increase in the expression of nuclear transcription factors and markers of mesenchymal differentiation, as well as negative regulation of epithelial and cell adhesion markers, according to the stage of oral epithelial dysplasia. CONCLUSIONS The dysregulation of expression of important EMT components in oral dysplastic epithelium is a potential prognostic marker in OPMDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- E-F Morais
- Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Department of Oral Pathology Av. Senador Salgado Filho, 1787, Lagoa Nova, CEP 59056-000 Natal, RN, Brasil
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Zografos E, Zagouri F, Kalapanida D, Zakopoulou R, Kyriazoglou A, Apostolidou K, Gazouli M, Dimopoulos MA. Prognostic role of microRNAs in breast cancer: A systematic review. Oncotarget 2019; 10:7156-7178. [PMID: 31903173 PMCID: PMC6935258 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been found to play an important role in breast cancer, functioning either as potential oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, but their role in the prognosis of patients remains unclear. The aim of the present review study is to highlight recent preclinical and clinical studies performed on both circulating and tissue-specific miRNAs and their potential role as prognostic markers in breast cancer. We systematically searched the PubMed database to explore the prognostic value of miRNAs in breast cancer. After performing the literature search and review, 117 eligible studies were identified. We found that 110 aberrantly expressed miRNAs have been associated with prognosis in breast cancer. In conclusion, the collective data presented in this review indicate that miRNAs could serve as novel prognostic tools in breast cancer, while the clinical application of these findings has yet to be verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Zografos
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Despoina Kalapanida
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Roubini Zakopoulou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasios Kyriazoglou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kleoniki Apostolidou
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Gazouli
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Biology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Meletios-Athanasios Dimopoulos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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George JW, Fan H, Johnson B, Carpenter TJ, Foy KK, Chatterjee A, Patterson AL, Koeman J, Adams M, Madaj ZB, Chesla D, Marsh EE, Triche TJ, Shen H, Teixeira JM. Integrated Epigenome, Exome, and Transcriptome Analyses Reveal Molecular Subtypes and Homeotic Transformation in Uterine Fibroids. Cell Rep 2019; 29:4069-4085.e6. [PMID: 31851934 PMCID: PMC6956710 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Uterine fibroids are benign myometrial smooth muscle tumors of unknown etiology that, when symptomatic, are the most common indication for hysterectomy in the United States. Unsupervised clustering of results from DNA methylation analyses segregates normal myometrium from fibroids and further segregates the fibroids into subtypes characterized by MED12 mutation or activation of either HMGA2 or HMGA1 expression. Upregulation of HMGA2 expression does not always appear to be dependent on translocation but is associated with hypomethylation in the HMGA2 gene body. HOXA13 expression is upregulated in fibroids and correlates with expression of typical uterine fibroid genes. Significant overlap of differentially expressed genes is observed between cervical stroma and uterine fibroids compared with normal myometrium. These analyses show a possible role of DNA methylation in fibroid biology and suggest that homeotic transformation of myometrial cells to a more cervical stroma phenotype could be an important mechanism for etiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitu Wilson George
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Huihui Fan
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Benjamin Johnson
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Tyler James Carpenter
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | | | - Anindita Chatterjee
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Amanda Lynn Patterson
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA; Division of Animal Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Julie Koeman
- Genomics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Marie Adams
- Genomics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Zachary Brian Madaj
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - David Chesla
- Spectrum Health Universal Biorepository, Spectrum Health System, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Erica Elizabeth Marsh
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Hui Shen
- Center for Epigenetics, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
| | - Jose Manuel Teixeira
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
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Tuli HS, Tuorkey MJ, Thakral F, Sak K, Kumar M, Sharma AK, Sharma U, Jain A, Aggarwal V, Bishayee A. Molecular Mechanisms of Action of Genistein in Cancer: Recent Advances. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:1336. [PMID: 31866857 PMCID: PMC6910185 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Genistein is one among the several other known isoflavones that is found in different soybeans and soy products. The chemical name of genistein is 4′,5,7-trihydroxyisoflavone. Genistein has drawn attention of scientific community because of its potential beneficial effects on human grave diseases, such as cancer. Mechanistic insight of genistein reveals its potential for apoptotic induction, cell cycle arrest, as well as antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, and anti-inflammatory effects. Objective: The purpose of this review is to unravel and analyze various molecular mechanisms of genistein in diverse cancer models. Data sources: English language literature was searched using various databases, such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, EBOSCOhost, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library. Key words used in various combinations included genistein, cancer, anticancer, molecular mechanisms prevention, treatment, in vivo, in vitro, and clinical studies. Study selection: Study selection was carried out strictly in accordance with the statement of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses. Data extraction: Four authors independently carried out the extraction of articles. Data synthesis: One hundred one papers were found suitable for use in this review. Conclusion: This review covers various molecular interactions of genistein with various cellular targets in cancer models. It will help the scientific community understand genistein and cancer biology and will provoke them to design novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Muobarak Jaber Tuorkey
- Division of Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Falak Thakral
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | | | - Manoj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Sadopur, India
| | - Anil Kumar Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana-Ambala, India
| | - Uttam Sharma
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Animal Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Vaishali Aggarwal
- Department of Histopathology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupam Bishayee
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, United States
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48
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Jevšinek Skok D, Hauptman N, Boštjančič E, Zidar N. The integrative knowledge base for miRNA-mRNA expression in colorectal cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:18065. [PMID: 31792281 PMCID: PMC6889159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54358-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
"miRNA colorectal cancer" (https://mirna-coadread.omics.si/) is a freely available web application for studying microRNA and mRNA expression and their correlation in colorectal cancer. To the best of our knowledge, "miRNA colorectal cancer" has the largest knowledge base of miRNA-target gene expressions and correlations in colorectal cancer, based on the largest available sample size from the same source of data. Data from high-throughput molecular profiling of 295 colon and rectum adenocarcinoma samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas was analyzed and integrated into our knowledge base. The objective of developing this web application was to help researchers to discover the behavior and role of miRNA-target gene interactions in colorectal cancer. For this purpose, results of differential expression and correlation analyses of miRNA and mRNA data collected in our knowledge base are available through web forms. To validate our knowledge base experimentally, we selected genes FN1, TGFB2, RND3, ZEB1 and ZEB2 and miRNAs hsa-miR-200a/b/c-3p, hsa-miR-141-3p and hsa-miR-429. Both approaches revealed a negative correlation between miRNA hsa-miR-200b/c-3p and its target gene FN1 and between hsa-miR-200a-3p and its target TGFB2, thus supporting the usefulness of the developed knowledge base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daša Jevšinek Skok
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Agricultural Institute of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Nina Hauptman
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Emanuela Boštjančič
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Zidar
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Binju M, Amaya-Padilla MA, Wan G, Gunosewoyo H, Suryo Rahmanto Y, Yu Y. Therapeutic Inducers of Apoptosis in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1786. [PMID: 31766284 PMCID: PMC6896143 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancers remain one of the most common causes of gynecologic cancer-related death in women worldwide. The standard treatment comprises platinum-based chemotherapy, and most tumors develop resistance to therapeutic drugs. One mechanism of developing drug resistance is alterations of molecules involved in apoptosis, ultimately assisting in the cells' capability to evade death. Thus, there is a need to focus on identifying potential drugs that restore apoptosis in cancer cells. Here, we discuss the major inducers of apoptosis mediated through various mechanisms and their usefulness as potential future treatment options for ovarian cancer. Broadly, they can target the apoptotic pathways directly or affect apoptosis indirectly through major cancer-pathways in cells. The direct apoptotic targets include the Bcl-2 family of proteins and the inhibitor of apoptotic proteins (IAPs). However, indirect targets include processes related to homologous recombination DNA repair, micro-RNA, and p53 mutation. Besides, apoptosis inducers may also disturb major pathways converging into apoptotic signals including janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), wingless-related integration site (Wnt)/β-Catenin, mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET)/hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/v-AKT murine thymoma viral oncogene homologue (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. Several drugs in our review are undergoing clinical trials, for example, birinapant, DEBIO-1143, Alisertib, and other small molecules are in preclinical investigations showing promising results in combination with chemotherapy. Molecules that exhibit better efficacy in the treatment of chemo-resistant cancer cells are of interest but require more extensive preclinical and clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudra Binju
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Curtin Health Innovative Research Institute, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Monica Angelica Amaya-Padilla
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Curtin Health Innovative Research Institute, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Graeme Wan
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Curtin Health Innovative Research Institute, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Hendra Gunosewoyo
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Curtin Health Innovative Research Institute, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
| | - Yohan Suryo Rahmanto
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yu Yu
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Curtin Health Innovative Research Institute, Perth, WA 6102, Australia
- University of Western Australia Medical School, Division of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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50
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Ediriweera MK, Cho SK. Targeting miRNAs by histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi): Rationalizing epigenetics-based therapies for breast cancer. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 206:107437. [PMID: 31715287 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) belong to a group of short RNA molecules of ~22 nucleotides that play a significant role in the regulation of gene expression through post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms. They can directly interact with their target mRNA molecules and induce target gene silencing. Many investigations over the past decade have revealed the involvement of different miRNAs in essential biological events. The expression of a considerable number of miRNAs is tightly regulated through epigenetic events such as histone modifications and DNA methylation. Notably, irregularities in these epigenetic events are associated with aberrant expression of miRNAs in a range of diseases including cancer. Impaired epigenetic events associated with aberrant expression of miRNAs can be pharmacologically modified using chromatin modifying drugs. Numerous pre-clinical and clinical data demonstrate that histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) can re-establish the expression of aberrantly expressed miRNAs in a range of cancer types, rationalizing miRNAs as potential drug targets. This review highlights evidence from investigations assessing the effects of different classes of HDACi on miRNA expression in breast cancer (BC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Meran Keshawa Ediriweera
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
| | - Somi Kim Cho
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Biotechnology, College of Applied Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Advanced Convergence Technology and Science, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea.
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