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Krumpolec P, Kodada D, Hadžega D, Petrovič O, Babišová K, Dosedla E, Turcsányiová Z, Minárik G. Changes in DNA methylation associated with a specific mode of delivery: a pilot study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1291429. [PMID: 38314203 PMCID: PMC10835804 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1291429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The mode of delivery represents an epigenetic factor with potential to affect further development of the individual by multiple mechanisms. DNA methylation may be one of them, representing a major epigenetic mechanism involving direct chemical modification of the individual's DNA. This pilot study aims to examine whether a specific mode of delivery induces changes of DNA methylation by comparing the umbilical cord blood and peripheral blood of the newborns. Methods Blood samples from infants born by vaginal delivery and caesarean section were analysed to prepare the Methylseq library according to NEBNext enzymatic Methyl-seq Methylation Library Preparation Kit with further generation of target-enriched DNA libraries using the Twist Human Methylome Panel. DNA methylation status was determined using Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS). Results We identified 168 differentially methylated regions in umbilical cord blood samples and 157 regions in peripheral blood samples. These were associated with 59 common biological, metabolic and signalling pathways for umbilical cord and peripheral blood samples. Conclusion Caesarean section is likely to represent an important epigenetic factor with the potential to induce changes in the genome that could play an important role in development of a broad spectrum of disorders. Our results could contribute to the elucidation of how epigenetic factors, such as a specific mode of delivery, could have adverse impact on health of an individual later in their life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominik Kodada
- Medirex Group Academy n.o., Nitra, Slovakia
- Department of Clinical Biology, Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | | | | - Erik Dosedla
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Turcsányiová
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
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Jiachen Z, Paul Kwong Hang T, Kenneth Kak Yuen W, Vincent Chi Hang L. Pathological role of methionine in the initiation and progression of biliary atresia. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1263836. [PMID: 37772039 PMCID: PMC10522914 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1263836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Methionine (Met) is an essential amino acid, and its excessive dietary intake and/or its metabolism disturbance could lead to accumulation/depletion of hepatic Met and some of the key intermediates of these pathways, which would interfere normal liver function and would be associated with liver diseases. Biliary atresia (BA) is a life-threatening disease characterized by inflammatory fibrosclerosing changes of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary systems and is the primary cause of obstructive neonatal cholestasis with a rapid course of liver failure. However, its pathogenesis remains unknown. Previous studies reported elevated Met level in patients with obstructive cholestasis, suggesting a potential link between Met and BA. This paper reviews the Met metabolism in normal conditions and its dysregulation under abnormal conditions, the possible causes of hypermethioninemia, and its connection to BA pathogenesis: Abnormal hepatic level of Met could lead to a perturbation of redox homeostasis and mitochondrial functions of hepatocytes, enhancement of viral infectivity, and dysregulation of innate and adaptative immune cells in response to infection/damage of the liver contributing to the initiation/progression of BA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jiachen
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tam Paul Kwong Hang
- Faculty of Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Wong Kenneth Kak Yuen
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lui Vincent Chi Hang
- Department of Surgery, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Dr. Li Dak-Sum Research Centre, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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3
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Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a betaherpesvirus that establishes lifelong infection in its host and can cause severe comorbidities in individuals with suppressed or compromised immune systems. The lifecycle of HCMV consists of lytic and latent phases, largely dependent upon the cell type infected and whether transcription from the major immediate early locus can ensue. Control of this locus, which acts as a critical "switch" region from where the lytic gene expression cascade originates, as well as regulation of the additional ~235 kilobases of virus genome, occurs through chromatinization with cellular histone proteins after infection. Upon infection of a host cell, an initial intrinsic antiviral response represses gene expression from the incoming genome, which is relieved in permissive cells by viral and host factors in concert. Latency is established in a subset of hematopoietic cells, during which viral transcription is largely repressed while the genome is maintained. As these latently infected cells differentiate, the cellular milieu and epigenetic modifications change, giving rise to the initial stages of virus reactivation from latency. Thus, throughout the cycle of infection, chromatinization, chromatin modifiers, and the recruitment of specific transcription factors influence the expression of genes from the HCMV genome. In this review, we discuss epigenetic regulation of the HCMV genome during the different phases of infection, with an emphasis on recent reports that add to our current perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Matthews
- Infection Biology, Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ian J. Groves
- Infection Biology, Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Christine M. O'Connor
- Infection Biology, Global Center for Pathogen and Human Health Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Sharif FA, Abuwarda HN. Autoimmunity and re-expression of cancer/testis antigens: Numerous disorders one mechanism hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2023.111019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Role of Epitranscriptomic and Epigenetic Modifications during the Lytic and Latent Phases of Herpesvirus Infections. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10091754. [PMID: 36144356 PMCID: PMC9503318 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10091754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Herpesviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses occurring at a high prevalence in the human population and are responsible for a wide array of clinical manifestations and diseases, from mild to severe. These viruses are classified in three subfamilies (Alpha-, Beta- and Gammaherpesvirinae), with eight members currently known to infect humans. Importantly, all herpesviruses can establish lifelong latent infections with symptomatic or asymptomatic lytic reactivations. Accumulating evidence suggest that chemical modifications of viral RNA and DNA during the lytic and latent phases of the infections caused by these viruses, are likely to play relevant roles in key aspects of the life cycle of these viruses by modulating and regulating their replication, establishment of latency and evasion of the host antiviral response. Here, we review and discuss current evidence regarding epitranscriptomic and epigenetic modifications of herpesviruses and how these can influence their life cycles. While epitranscriptomic modifications such as m6A are the most studied to date and relate to positive effects over the replication of herpesviruses, epigenetic modifications of the viral genome are generally associated with defense mechanisms of the host cells to suppress viral gene transcription. However, herpesviruses can modulate these modifications to their own benefit to persist in the host, undergo latency and sporadically reactivate.
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Ghamar Talepoor A, Doroudchi M. Immunosenescence in atherosclerosis: A role for chronic viral infections. Front Immunol 2022; 13:945016. [PMID: 36059478 PMCID: PMC9428721 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.945016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune system is a versatile and dynamic body organ which offers survival and endurance of human beings in their hostile living environment. However, similar to other cells, immune cells are hijacked by senescence. The ageing immune cells lose their beneficial functions but continue to produce inflammatory mediators which draw other immune and non-immune cells to the senescence loop. Immunosenescence has been shown to be associated with different pathological conditions and diseases, among which atherosclerosis has recently come to light. There are common drivers of both immunosenescence and atherosclerosis; e.g. inflammation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), chronic viral infections, genomic damage, oxidized-LDL, hypertension, cigarette smoke, hyperglycaemia, and mitochondrial failure. Chronic viral infections induce inflammaging, sustained cytokine signaling, ROS generation and DNA damage which are associated with atherogenesis. Accumulating evidence shows that several DNA and RNA viruses are stimulators of immunosenescence and atherosclerosis in an interrelated network. DNA viruses such as CMV, EBV and HBV upregulate p16, p21 and p53 senescence-associated molecules; induce inflammaging, metabolic reprogramming of infected cells, replicative senescence and telomere shortening. RNA viruses such as HCV and HIV induce ROS generation, DNA damage, induction of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), metabolic reprogramming of infected cells, G1 cell cycle arrest, telomere shortening, as well as epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones. The newly emerged SARS-CoV-2 virus is also a potent inducer of cytokine storm and SASP. The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 promotes senescence phenotype in endothelial cells by augmenting p16, p21, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) and adhesion molecules expression. The impact of SARS-CoV-2 mega-inflammation on atherogenesis, however, remains to be investigated. In this review we focus on the common processes in immunosenescence and atherogenesis caused by chronic viral infections and discuss the current knowledge on this topic.
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Salvador-Pinos CA, Martinez EZ, Dueñas-Matute SE, Aguinaga RRD, Jácome JC, Michelena-Tupiza S, Cárdenas-Morales V. Health of the Newborn and Breastfeeding during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Literature Review. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRICIA : REVISTA DA FEDERACAO BRASILEIRA DAS SOCIEDADES DE GINECOLOGIA E OBSTETRICIA 2022; 44:311-318. [PMID: 35100631 PMCID: PMC9948297 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1741449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present article presents a literature review concerning the microbiota of breast milk and the influence of epigenetics in the susceptibility to COVID-19. METHODS A literature review. RESULTS Breastfeeding transfers microbiota, nutrients, diverse white blood cells, prebiotics, hormones, and antibodies to the baby, which provide short- and long-term immunological protection against several infectious, gastrointestinal, and respiratory illnesses. The little evidence available shows that breast milk very rarely carries the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and even in those cases, it has been discarded as the source of contagion. CONCLUSION The reviewed studies show evidence of a beneficial effect of breastfeeding and highlights its importance on the current pandemic due to the immune reinforcement that it provides. Breastfed individuals showed better clinical response due to the influence on the microbiota and to the nutritional and immune contribution provided by breast milk, compared with those who were not breastfed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edson Zangiacomi Martinez
- Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Susana Eulalia Dueñas-Matute
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador.,Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Juan Carlos Jácome
- Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
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Li YP, Liu CR, Deng HL, Wang MQ, Tian Y, Chen Y, Zhang YF, Dang SS, Zhai S. DNA methylation and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in DDX58 are associated with hand, foot and mouth disease caused by enterovirus 71. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010090. [PMID: 35041675 PMCID: PMC8765647 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research aimed to explore the association between the RIG-I-like receptor (RIG-I and MDA5 encoded by DDX58 and IFIH1, respectively) pathways and the risk or severity of hand, foot, and mouth disease caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71-HFMD). In this context, we explored the influence of gene methylation and polymorphism on EV71-HFMD. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS 60 healthy controls and 120 EV71-HFMD patients, including 60 mild EV71-HFMD and 60 severe EV71-HFMD patients, were enrolled. First, MiSeq was performed to explore the methylation of CpG islands in the DDX58 and IFIH1 promoter regions. Then, DDX58 and IFIH1 expression were detected in PBMCs using RT-qPCR. Finally, imLDR was used to detect DDX58 and IFIH1 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes. Severe EV71-HFMD patients exhibited higher DDX58 promoter methylation levels than healthy controls and mild EV71-HFMD patients. DDX58 promoter methylation was significantly associated with severe HFMD, sex, vomiting, high fever, neutrophil abundance, and lymphocyte abundance. DDX58 expression levels were significantly lower in mild patients than in healthy controls and lower in severe patients than in mild patients. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the genotype frequencies of DDX58 rs3739674 between the mild and severe groups. GeneMANIA revealed that 19 proteins displayed correlations with DDX58, including DHX58, HERC5, MAVS, RAI14, WRNIP1 and ISG15, and 19 proteins displayed correlations with IFIH1, including TKFC, IDE, MAVS, DHX58, NLRC5, TSPAN6, USP3 and DDX58. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE DDX58 expression and promoter methylation were associated with EV71 infection progression, especially in severe EV71-HFMD patients. The effect of DDX58 in EV71-HFMD is worth further attention.
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MESH Headings
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- CpG Islands/genetics
- DEAD Box Protein 58/genetics
- DEAD Box Protein 58/metabolism
- DNA Methylation/genetics
- Enterovirus A, Human
- Female
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics
- Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/pathology
- Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease/virology
- Humans
- Infant
- Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/genetics
- Interferon-Induced Helicase, IFIH1/metabolism
- Male
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Severity of Illness Index
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Chen-Rui Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Hui-Ling Deng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
- Department of Pediatric, Xi’an Central Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Mu-Qi Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi’an Children’s Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Shuang-Suo Dang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, China
| | - Song Zhai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xi’an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an, China
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Ramos-Lopez O, Milagro FI, Riezu-Boj JI, Martinez JA. Epigenetic signatures underlying inflammation: an interplay of nutrition, physical activity, metabolic diseases, and environmental factors for personalized nutrition. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:29-49. [PMID: 33231704 PMCID: PMC7684853 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE Emerging translational evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations (DNA methylation, miRNA expression, and histone modifications) occur after external stimuli and may contribute to exacerbated inflammation and the risk of suffering several diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the harmful effects of high-fat/high-sugar diets, micronutrient deficiencies (folate, manganese, and carotenoids), obesity and associated complications, bacterial/viral infections, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, sleep deprivation, chronic stress, air pollution, and chemical exposure on inflammation through epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, the epigenetic phenomena underlying the anti-inflammatory potential of caloric restriction, n-3 PUFA, Mediterranean diet, vitamin D, zinc, polyphenols (i.e., resveratrol, gallic acid, epicatechin, luteolin, curcumin), and the role of systematic exercise are discussed. METHODS Original and review articles encompassing epigenetics and inflammation were screened from major databases (including PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, etc.) and analyzed for the writing of the review paper. CONCLUSION Although caution should be exercised, research on epigenetic mechanisms is contributing to understand pathological processes involving inflammatory responses, the prediction of disease risk based on the epigenotype, as well as the putative design of therapeutic interventions targeting the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Fermin I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose I Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Madrid, Spain
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Pruimboom L. Methylation Pathways and SARS-CoV-2 Lung Infiltration and Cell Membrane-Virus Fusion Are Both Subject to Epigenetics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:290. [PMID: 32574283 PMCID: PMC7265211 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The recent pandemic SARS-CoV-2 outbreak affects all kinds of individuals worldwide. The health, social, and economic impacts of the pandemic are dramatic, and vaccines or specific treatment options are not yet available. The only approaches that we currently have available to stop the epidemic are those of classical epidemic control, such as case isolation, contact tracing and quarantine, physical distancing, and hygiene measures. It is therefore essential to find further preventive measures and possible interventions that can slow down the number of infected individuals and decrease the severity of disease when affected by SARS-CoV-2. It seems that epigenetic mechanisms are an important part of the pathophysiology and illness severity of COVID-19. These mechanisms have been identified in SARS-CoV-2 but also in other viral infections. If and when these mechanisms are confirmed, then epigenetic interventions influencing DNA methylation could be indicated as primary and/or secondary preventive options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Pruimboom
- Facultad de Enfermería y Fisioterapia Salus Infirmorum, Pontifice University of Salamanca, Madrid, Spain.,PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
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Human cytomegalovirus promoting endothelial cell proliferation by targeting regulator of G-protein signaling 5 hypermethylation and downregulation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2252. [PMID: 32041970 PMCID: PMC7010708 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and environmental factors can increase susceptibility to essential hypertension (EH). Although endothelial dysfunction is the initial factor of EH, the epigenetic mechanisms through which HCMV infection induces endothelial cell dysfunction are poorly understood. Here, we evaluated whether HCMV regulated endothelial cell function and assessed the underlying mechanisms. Microarray analysis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) treated with HCMV AD169 strain in the presence of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia revealed differential expression of genes involved in hypertension. Further analyses validated that the regulator of G-protein signaling 5 (RGS5) gene was downregulated in infected HUVECs and showed that HCMV infection promoted HUVEC proliferation, whereas hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia inhibited HUVEC proliferation. Additionally, treatment with decitabine (DAC) and RGS5 reversed the effects of HCMV infection on HUVEC proliferation, but not triggered by hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia. In summary, upregulation of RGS5 may be a promising treatment for preventing HCMV-induced hypertension.
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Geisler J, Touma J, Rahbar A, Söderberg-Nauclér C, Vetvik K. A Review of the Potential Role of Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) Infections in Breast Cancer Carcinogenesis and Abnormal Immunity. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11121842. [PMID: 31766600 PMCID: PMC6966479 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11121842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously recognized classical human onco-viruses can regulate complex neoplastic events, and are estimated to play a role during carcinogenesis in 15-20% of cancer cases. Although the DNA and gene products of several viruses have been found in breast tumors, none of the classical onco-viruses have definitely been linked to the initiation of breast cancer. However, recent evidence shows that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) gene products are found in >90% of tumors and metastases of breast cancers, and their increased expression can be correlated to a more aggressive breast cancer phenotype. Supporting the active role of HCMV in breast cancer, a specific HCMV strain, HCMV-DB, was recently shown to exert oncogenic transformational activity in breast epithelial cells in vitro, and to give rise to fast-growing, triple-negative breast tumors when injected into immune deficient mice. The same observation holds true for clinical studies implying increased HCMV protein expression in triple negative breast cancer biopsies. In addition to functionally being able to hijack tumor-promoting cellular events, HCMV is known to exhibit a wide range of immunosuppressive effects, which can have radical impact on the tumor microenvironment. HCMV infected cells can avoid recognition and elimination by the immune system by orchestrating polarization of immunosuppressive type II macrophages, preventing antigen presentation, by expressing T cell inhibitory molecules, and possibly, by the induction of regulatory T (Treg) cell responses. These actions would be especially deleterious for the antigenic activation and proliferation of tumor specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), whose effector functions have recently been targeted by successful, experimental immunotherapy protocols. The recognition of alternative causes and drivers of breast cancer is a pivotal research topic for the development of diagnostics and novel, effective preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting both tumor cells and their microenvironments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Geisler
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital (AHUS), 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; (J.G.); (J.T.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Campus Akershus University Hospital (AHUS), 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Joel Touma
- Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital (AHUS), 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; (J.G.); (J.T.)
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Campus Akershus University Hospital (AHUS), 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery at Akershus University Hospital (AHUS), 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Afsar Rahbar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Microbial Pathogenesis, Bioclinicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.R.); (C.S.-N.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Söderberg-Nauclér
- Department of Medicine, Division of Microbial Pathogenesis, Bioclinicum, Karolinska Institutet, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden; (A.R.); (C.S.-N.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katja Vetvik
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Campus Akershus University Hospital (AHUS), 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery at Akershus University Hospital (AHUS), 1478 Lørenskog, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-95796638
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to discuss recent data pointing at an involvement of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) in type 1 diabetes (T1D) onset and progression. RECENT FINDINGS The envelope protein of HERV-W family, named HERV-W-Env, was detected in pancreata from T1D patients and was shown to display pro-inflammatory properties and direct toxicity toward pancreatic beta cells. The etiopathogenesis of T1D remains elusive, even if conventional environmental viral infections have been recurrently involved. Nonetheless, a new category of pathogens may provide the missing link between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors long thought to contribute to T1D onset. A number of studies have now shown that HERV sequences, which are normally inactivated or repressed in the human genome, could be activated by environmental viruses. Thus, if similarly activated by viruses associated with T1D, disregarded HERV genes may underlie T1D genetic susceptibility. Moreover, once expressed, HERV elements may display broad pathogenic properties, which identify them as potential new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Levet
- GeNeuro Innovation, 60 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - B. Charvet
- GeNeuro Innovation, 60 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - A. Bertin
- Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Université Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A. Deschaumes
- Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Université Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - H. Perron
- GeNeuro Innovation, 60 avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
- Laboratoire des déficits immunitaires, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
- Plan-les-Ouates, GeNeuro SA, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D. Hober
- Faculté de Médecine, CHU Lille, Laboratoire de Virologie EA3610, Université Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
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Cytomegalovirus is a tumor-associated virus: armed and dangerous. Curr Opin Virol 2019; 39:49-59. [PMID: 31525538 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) gene products are present in multiple human malignancies, often in specific association with tumor cells and tumor vasculature. Emerging evidence from human and mouse models of CMV infection in cancer indicate that CMV can transform epithelial cells, promote epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal to epithelial (MET) in tumor cells, promote tumor angiogenesis and proliferation and incapacitate the host anti-CMV immune response. This review will discuss the increasing role of HCMV in human cancer by demonstrating how HCMV is well suited for impacting major themes in oncogenesis including initiation, promotion, progression, metastasis and immune evasion. What emerges is a picture of an extremely versatile pathogen that may play a significant role in human cancer progression and death.
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Feng Q, Hui J, Tang N, Liu YM, Zhong H, Li Z, Wang LM, Qu YY, Deng FM, He F. Unexpected role of the human cytomegalovirus contribute to essential hypertension in the Kazakh Chinese population of Xinjiang. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171522. [PMID: 29752343 PMCID: PMC6019381 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20171522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection, chronic inflammation and oxidative stress, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), endothelial function, and DNA methylation play roles in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension (EH); however, the mechanism by which HCMV predisposes patients to hypertension remain unclear. Our group previously demonstrated an association between EH and HCMV infection in Kazakh Chinese. Here, we investigated the relationship between HCMV infection and other clinicopathological features in 720 Kazakh individuals with or without hypertension (n=360 each; age: 18-80). Multiple linear and logistic regression analyses were used to determine the associations between HCMV infection, clinical characteristics, and EH. Notably, patients with EH, particularly those with HCMV infection, exhibited a marked increase in tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHDG) levels, but a decrease in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and renin levels. Similarly, elevated TNF-α and 8-OHDG levels were independent predictors of increased HCMV antibody titers, whereas eNOS and renin were negatively correlated with the latter. Moreover, serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (sACE, ACE) methylation was increased, whereas 11-β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (HSD11β2; HSD3B2) methylation was decreased in patients with EH who were also infected with HCMV. A positive correlation between HSD3B2 methylation and HCMV IgG titer and blood pressure was additionally observed, whereas angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) methylation was inversely correlated with blood pressure. Collectively, these data indicate that HCMV may contribute to EH development in the Kazakh Chinese by increasing TNF-α and 8-OHDG levels, suppressing eNOS and renin, and manipulating HSD3B2 and ACE methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Feng
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Jing Hui
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Na Tang
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yong-Min Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Hua Zhong
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - La-Mei Wang
- Centre of Medical Functional Experiments, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Qu
- Department of Respiration Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, Xijiang, China
| | - Feng-Mei Deng
- Department of Pathophysiology, Chengdu Medical College, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Pathophysiology/Key Laboratory of Education Ministry of Xinjiang Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
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Estekizadeh A, Landázur N, Bartek J, Beltoft Brøchner C, Davoudi B, Broholm H, Karimi M, Ekström TJ, Rahbar A. Increased cytomegalovirus replication by 5-Azacytidine and viral-induced cytoplasmic expression of DNMT‑1 in medulloblastoma and endothelial cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1317-1327. [PMID: 29484388 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Among all brain tumors diagnosed in children, medulloblastomas (MBs) are associated with a poor prognosis. The etiology of MB is not fully understood, yet the impact of epigenetic alterations of oncogenes has previously been established. During the past decade, the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has been detected in several types of cancer, including MB. Since DNA methylation occurs in the cell nucleus and this is considered a host defence response, we studied the impact of HCMV infection on DNA methyltransferase (DNMT‑1) in MB (D324) cells, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as well as in MB tissue sections. We hypothesized that infection and DNMT‑1 intracellular localization are linked. Uninfected and HCMV‑infected D324 cells and HUVECs were analyzed for HCMV immediate early (HCMV‑IE) protein, HCMV‑glycoprotein B (HCMV‑gB) and DNMT‑1 using immunofluorescence staining and quantitative ELISA. DNMT‑1 localized to the nucleus of uninfected and HCMV‑IE- expressing D324 cells and HUVECs, but accumulated in the extra nuclear space in all HCMV‑gB-positive cells. Inhibition of HCMV late protein expression by Cymevene® (ganciclovir) prevented the cytoplasmic localization of DNMT‑1. Treatment of HCMV‑ infected D324 cells and HUVECs with the methylation inhibitor 5-Azacytidine (5AZA), significantly increased HCMV‑IE and HCMV‑gB gene transcription and protein expression. Immunohistochemical staining of DNMT‑1 and HCMV proteins in MB cancer tissue sections revealed both nuclear and cytoplasmic DNMT‑1 localization. In conclusion, DNMT‑1 resides in the cytoplasm of HCMV‑gB-expressing HUVECs and D324 cells. Increased viral protein synthesis in 5AZA-treated cells suggests that HCMV replication may benefit from a DNA methyltransferase-free cellular environment. Our findings emphasize the importance of assessing potential viral activation in the treatment of MB patients with epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atosa Estekizadeh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE_17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Landázur
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE_17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE_17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Belghis Davoudi
- Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE_17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helle Broholm
- Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohsen Karimi
- Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE_17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas J Ekström
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE_17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Afsar Rahbar
- Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE_17176 Stockholm, Sweden
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Wipfler P, Dunn N, Beiki O, Trinka E, Fogdell-Hahn A. The Viral Hypothesis of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy – Is Human Herpes Virus-6 the Missing Link? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Seizure 2018; 54:33-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2017.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Medina J, Charvet B, Leblanc P, Germi R, Horvat B, Marche PN, Perron H. [Endogenous retroviral sequences in the human genome can play a physiological or pathological role]. Med Sci (Paris) 2017; 33:397-403. [PMID: 28497735 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/20173304009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) represent a large part of our genome and the few elements that have retained a potential of expression still remain "dormant" in physiological conditions. In some instances, they can be awakened by environmental factors activating their expression. The best studied conditions of HERV activation are infections caused by microorganisms such as viruses of the Herpesvirus family. This activation can thus lead to the expression of pathogenic proteins such as envelope proteins belonging to the HERV-W and HERV-K families, respectively involved in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Endogenous retroviral proteins can also acquire a physiological function beneficial for humans. This is the case of Syncytin-1 from the HERV-W family, that is involved in placenta formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Medina
- GeNeuro Innovation, Bioparc Laënnec, 60, avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin Charvet
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie; - Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France - CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France - Université Lyon-1, Faculté de Médecine Laënnec, 69008 Lyon, France - Institut NeuroMyogène (INMG), CNRS UMR5310, Inserm U1217, LBMC, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France - Laboratoire d'Excellence ECOFECT, Lyon, France
| | - Pascal Leblanc
- Institut NeuroMyogène (INMG), CNRS UMR5310, Inserm U1217, LBMC, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France - UMR 5239 CNRS-ENS, Université Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Raphaële Germi
- Laboratoire de Virologie, Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU de Grenoble, France - Institut de Biologie Structurale, UMR 5075 CEA/CNRS/UGA, Grenoble, France
| | - Branka Horvat
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie; - Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France - CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France - Université Lyon-1, Faculté de Médecine Laënnec, 69008 Lyon, France - Institut NeuroMyogène (INMG), CNRS UMR5310, Inserm U1217, LBMC, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France - Laboratoire d'Excellence ECOFECT, Lyon, France
| | - Patrice N Marche
- Inserm U1209, Grenoble, France - Institut Advance Biosciences, CNRS UMR5309, Université Grenoble Alpes
| | - Hervé Perron
- GeNeuro Innovation, Bioparc Laënnec, 60, avenue Rockefeller, 69008 Lyon, France - Université Lyon-1, Faculté de Médecine Laënnec, 69008 Lyon, France - GeNeuro, 18, chemin des Aulx, 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Genève, Suisse
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Human Herpesvirus 6B Induces Hypomethylation on Chromosome 17p13.3, Correlating with Increased Gene Expression and Virus Integration. J Virol 2017; 91:JVI.02105-16. [PMID: 28298607 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02105-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) is a neurotropic betaherpesvirus that achieves latency by integrating its genome into host cell chromosomes. Several viruses can induce epigenetic modifications in their host cells, but no study has investigated the epigenetic modifications induced by HHV-6B. This study analyzed methylation with an Illumina 450K array, comparing HHV-6B-infected and uninfected Molt-3 T cells 3 days postinfection. Bisulfite pyrosequencing was used to validate the Illumina results and to investigate methylation over time in vitro Expression of genes was investigated using quantitative PCR (qPCR), and virus integration was investigated with PCR. A total of 406 CpG sites showed a significant HHV-6B-induced change in methylation in vitro Remarkably, 86% (351/406) of these CpGs were located <1 Mb from chromosomal ends and were all hypomethylated in virus-infected cells. This was most evident at chromosome 17p13.3, where HHV-6B had induced CpG hypomethylation after 2 days of infection, possibly through TET2, which was found to be upregulated by the virus. In addition, virus-induced cytosine hydroxymethylation was observed. Genes located in the hypomethylated region at 17p13.3 showed significantly upregulated expression in HHV-6B-infected cells. A temporal experiment revealed HHV-6B integration in Molt-3 cell DNA 3 days after infection. The telomere at 17p has repeatedly been described as an integration site for HHV-6B, and we show for the first time that HHV-6B induces hypomethylation in this region during acute infection, which may play a role in the integration process, possibly by making the DNA more accessible.IMPORTANCE The ability to establish latency in the host is a hallmark of herpesviruses, but the mechanisms differ. Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) is known to establish latency through integration of its genome into the telomeric regions of host cells, with the ability to reactivate. Our study is the first to show that HHV-6B specifically induces hypomethylated regions close to the telomeres and that integrating viruses may use the host methylation machinery to facilitate their integration process. The results from this study contribute to knowledge of HHV-6B biology and virus-host interaction. This in turn will lead to further progress in our understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which HHV-6B contributes to pathological processes and may have important implications in both disease prevention and treatment.
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Rahbar A, Touma J, Costa H, Davoudi B, Bukholm IR, Sauer T, Vetvik K, Geisler J, Söderberg-Naucler C. Low Expression of Estrogen Receptor-α and Progesterone Receptor in Human Breast Cancer Tissues Is Associated With High-Grade Human Cytomegalovirus Protein Expression. Clin Breast Cancer 2017; 17:526-535.e1. [PMID: 28595965 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying mechanisms for breast cancer (BC) are largely unknown. We investigated possible correlations between the expression levels of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) proteins and established histopathological markers of BC, including expression of estrogen receptor (ER)-α, the progesterone receptor (PgR), and HER2. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively examined paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of BC (n = 62), ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 19), and adjacent normal breast tissue (n = 42) for HCMV immediate-early protein (IE), HCMV late antigen, HCMV DNA and RNA, and investigated possible correlations between them and expression of ER-α, PgR, and HER2. RESULTS HCMV DNA and RNA were detected in all examined infiltrating BCs. High-grade positivity for HCMV-IE was detected in 77% of infiltrating BCs, 39% of ductal carcinomas in situ, and 7% of tumor-free breast tissue samples. HCMV expression correlated inversely with ER-α (P = .02) and PgR (P = .003) expression. HER2 expression was also reduced in HCMV-positive samples without reaching a level of statistical significance (P = .09). CONCLUSION The negative correlation between high-grade expression HCMV-IE and hormone receptor expression suggests a role for HCMV in hormone receptor-negative BC tumors, possibly by forcing BC cells into a more aggressive phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsar Rahbar
- Department of Medicine Solna, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit and Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Joel Touma
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Helena Costa
- Department of Medicine Solna, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit and Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Belghis Davoudi
- Department of Medicine Solna, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit and Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ida Rashid Bukholm
- Norwegian System of Compensation for Patient Claimes, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torill Sauer
- Department of Pathology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Campus Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Oslo, Norway
| | - Katja Vetvik
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Jürgen Geisler
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Campus Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Oslo, Norway; Department of Oncology, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Cecilia Söderberg-Naucler
- Department of Medicine Solna, Experimental Cardiovascular Research Unit and Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Kananen L, Nevalainen T, Jylhävä J, Marttila S, Hervonen A, Jylhä M, Hurme M. Cytomegalovirus infection accelerates epigenetic aging. Exp Gerontol 2015; 72:227-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Bergallo M, Galliano I, Montanari P, Gambarino S, Mareschi K, Ferro F, Fagioli F, Tovo PA, Ravanini P. CMV induces HERV-K and HERV-W expression in kidney transplant recipients. J Clin Virol 2015; 68:28-31. [PMID: 26071331 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human endogenous retrovirus (HERVs) constitute approximately 8% of the human genome. Induction of HERV transcription is possible under certain circumstances, and may have a possible role in some pathological conditions. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate HERV-K and -W pol gene expression in kidney transplant recipients and to investigate the possible relationship between HERVs gene expression and CMV infection in these patients. STUDY DESIGN Thirty-three samples of kidney transplant patients and twenty healthy blood donors were used to analyze, HERV-K and -W pol gene RNA expression by relative quantitative relative Real-Time PCR. RESULT We demonstrated that HERVs pol gene expression levels were higher in kidney transplant recipients than in healthy subjects. Moreover, HERV-K and -W pol gene expression was significantly higher in the group of kidney transplant recipients with high CMV viral load than in the groups with no or moderate CMV viral load. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that CMV may facilitate in vivo HERV activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Bergallo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Medical School, 10136 Turin, Italy; Laboratory of Citoimmunodiagnostics, University Hospital City of Science and Health of Turin, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Galliano
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Medical School, 10136 Turin, Italy; Laboratory of Citoimmunodiagnostics, University Hospital City of Science and Health of Turin, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy.
| | - Paola Montanari
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Medical School, 10136 Turin, Italy; Laboratory of Citoimmunodiagnostics, University Hospital City of Science and Health of Turin, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy.
| | - Stefano Gambarino
- Laboratory of Citoimmunodiagnostics, University Hospital City of Science and Health of Turin, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy.
| | - Katia Mareschi
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Medical School, 10136 Turin, Italy; Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, City of Science and Health of Turin, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ferro
- Laboratory of Citoimmunodiagnostics, University Hospital City of Science and Health of Turin, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy.
| | - Franca Fagioli
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Division, City of Science and Health of Turin, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy.
| | - Pier-Angelo Tovo
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Medical School, 10136 Turin, Italy; Laboratory of Citoimmunodiagnostics, University Hospital City of Science and Health of Turin, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy.
| | - Paolo Ravanini
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy.
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Söderberg-Nauclér C, Johnsen JI. Cytomegalovirus in human brain tumors: Role in pathogenesis and potential treatment options. World J Exp Med 2015; 5:1-10. [PMID: 25699229 PMCID: PMC4308527 DOI: 10.5493/wjem.v5.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last years increasing evidence implies that human cytomegalovirus (CMV) can be attributed to human malignancies arising from numerous tissues. In this perspective, we will review and discuss the potential mechanisms through which CMV infection may contribute to brain tumors by affecting tumor cell initiation, progression and metastasis formation. Recent evidence also suggests that anti-CMV treatment results in impaired tumor growth of CMV positive xenografts in animal models and potentially increased survival in CMV positive glioblastoma patients. Based on these observations and the high tumor promoting capacity of this virus, the classical and novel antiviral therapies against CMV should be revisited as they may represent a great promise for halting tumor progression and lower cancer deaths.
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Transcriptional derepression of the ERVWE1 locus following influenza A virus infection. J Virol 2014; 88:4328-37. [PMID: 24478419 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.03628-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Syncytin-1, a fusogenic protein encoded by a human endogenous retrovirus of the W family (HERV-W) element (ERVWE1), is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of the placenta. This locus is transcriptionally repressed in adult tissues through promoter CpG methylation and suppressive histone modifications. Whereas syncytin-1 appears to be crucial for the development and functioning of the human placenta, its ectopic expression has been associated with pathological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia. We previously reported on the transactivation of HERV-W elements, including ERVWE1, during influenza A/WSN/33 virus infection in a range of human cell lines. Here we report the results of quantitative PCR analyses of transcripts encoding syncytin-1 in both cell lines and primary fibroblast cells. We observed that spliced ERVWE1 transcripts and those encoding the transcription factor glial cells missing 1 (GCM1), acting as an enhancer element upstream of ERVWE1, are prominently upregulated in response to influenza A/WSN/33 virus infection in nonplacental cells. Knockdown of GCM1 by small interfering RNA followed by infection suppressed the transactivation of ERVWE1. While the infection had no influence on CpG methylation in the ERVWE1 promoter, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays detected decreased H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) and histone methyltransferase SETDB1 levels along with influenza virus proteins associated with ERVWE1 and other HERV-W loci in infected CCF-STTG1 cells. The present findings suggest that an exogenous influenza virus infection can transactivate ERVWE1 by increasing transcription of GCM1 and reducing H3K9me3 in this region and in other regions harboring HERV-W elements. IMPORTANCE Syncytin-1, a protein encoded by the env gene in the HERV-W locus ERVWE1, appears to be crucial for the development and functioning of the human placenta and is transcriptionally repressed in nonplacental tissues. Nevertheless, its ectopic expression has been associated with pathological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and schizophrenia. In the present paper, we report findings suggesting that an exogenous influenza A virus infection can transactivate ERVWE1 by increasing the transcription of GCM1 and reducing the repressive histone mark H3K9me3 in this region and in other regions harboring HERV-W elements. These observations have implications of potential relevance for viral pathogenesis and for conditions associated with the aberrant transcription of HERV-W loci.
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Söderberg-Nauclér C. Treatment of cytomegalovirus infections beyond acute disease to improve human health. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 12:211-22. [PMID: 24404994 DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2014.870472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus is a common virus that establishes latency and persistence after a primary infection in 50-90% of populations worldwide. In otherwise healthy persons, the infection is generally mild or asymptomatic, although it may cause mononucleosis, prolonged episodes of fever, and hepatitis. However, in AIDS patients and transplant recipients who are immunosuppressed, severe, life-threatening infections may develop. CMV is also the most common congenital infection and may cause birth defects and deafness. Emerging evidence shows a high prevalence of this virus in patients with chronic inflammatory diseases or tumours of different origin, such as breast, colon, and prostate cancer, neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, and glioblastoma. Several drugs are available to treat CMV infections. This review will highlight the possibility of using anti-CMV therapy to improve outcome not only in patients with acute CMV infections but also in patients with inflammatory diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Söderberg-Nauclér
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Assinger A, Yaiw KC, Göttesdorfer I, Leib-Mösch C, Söderberg-Nauclér C. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) induces human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) transcription. Retrovirology 2013; 10:132. [PMID: 24219971 PMCID: PMC3842806 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-10-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is highly prevalent in tumours of different origin. This virus is implied to have oncogenic and oncomodulatory functions, through its ability to control host gene expression. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) are also frequently active in tumours of different origin, and are supposed to contribute as cofactors to cancer development. Due to the high prevalence of HCMV in several different tumours, and its ability to control host cell gene expression, we sought to define whether HCMV may affect HERV transcription. FINDINGS Infection of 3 established cancer cell lines, 2 primary glioblastoma cells, endothelial cells from 3 donors and monocytes from 4 donors with HCMV (strains VR 1814 or TB40/F) induced reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in all cells tested, but the response varied between donors. Both, gammaretrovirus-related class I elements HERV-T, HERV-W, HERV-F and ERV-9, and betaretrovirus-related class II elements HML-2 - 4 and HML-7 - 8, as well as spuma-virus related class III elements of the HERV-L group were up-regulated in response to HCMV infection in GliNS1 cells. Up-regulation of HERV activity was more pronounced in cells harbouring active HCMV infection, but was also induced by UV-inactivated virus. The effect was only slightly affected by ganciclovir treatment and was not controlled by the IE72 or IE86 HCMV genes. CONCLUSIONS Within this brief report we show that HCMV infection induces HERV transcriptional activity in different cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cecilia Söderberg-Nauclér
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
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