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Hohmann S, Zohsel K, Buchmann AF, Blomeyer D, Holz N, Boecker-Schlier R, Jennen-Steinmetz C, Rietschel M, Witt SH, Schmidt MH, Esser G, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Banaschewski T, Brandeis D, Hohm E, Laucht M. Interacting effect of MAOA genotype and maternal prenatal smoking on aggressive behavior in young adulthood. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:885-94. [PMID: 27300740 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1582-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Findings on the etiology of aggressive behavior have provided evidence for an effect both of genetic factors, such as variation in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene, and adverse environmental factors. Recent studies have supported the existence of gene × environment interactions, with early experiences playing a key role. In the present study, the effects of prenatal nicotine exposure, MAOA genotype and their interaction on aggressive behavior during young adulthood were examined. In a sample of 272 young adults (129 males, 143 females) from an epidemiological cohort study, smoking during pregnancy was measured with a standardized parent interview at the offspring's age of 3 months. Aggressive behavior was assessed between the ages of 19 and 25 years using the Young Adult Self-Report. DNA was genotyped for the MAOA 5' untranslated region variable number of tandem repeats polymorphism (VNTR). Results revealed a significant interaction between MAOA and smoking during pregnancy, indicating higher levels of aggressive behavior in young adults carrying the MAOA low-expressing genotype who had experienced prenatal nicotine exposure (n = 8, p = .025). In contrast, in carriers of the MAOA high-expressing genotype, maternal smoking during pregnancy had no effect on aggressive behavior during young adulthood (n = 20, p = .145). This study extends earlier findings demonstrating an interaction between MAOA genotype and prenatal nicotine exposure on aggressive behavior into young adulthood. The results point to the long-term adverse effects of smoking during pregnancy on the offspring's mental health, possibly underlining the importance of smoking cessation during pregnancy. According to the nature of the study (particularly sample size and power), analyses are exploratory and results need to be interpreted cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, D-68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Katrin Zohsel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, D-68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arlette F Buchmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, D-68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dorothea Blomeyer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, D-68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Nathalie Holz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, D-68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Regina Boecker-Schlier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, D-68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Christine Jennen-Steinmetz
- Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Martin H Schmidt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, D-68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Günter Esser
- Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, D-68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, D-68159, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Neuroscience Center Zurich, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erika Hohm
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, D-68159, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manfred Laucht
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, J 5, D-68159, Mannheim, Germany. .,Department of Psychology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.
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Checknita D, Maussion G, Labonté B, Comai S, Tremblay RE, Vitaro F, Turecki N, Bertazzo A, Gobbi G, Côté G, Turecki G. Monoamine oxidase A gene promoter methylation and transcriptional downregulation in an offender population with antisocial personality disorder. Br J Psychiatry 2015; 206:216-22. [PMID: 25497297 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.144964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is characterised by elevated impulsive aggression and increased risk for criminal behaviour and incarceration. Deficient activity of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene is suggested to contribute to serotonergic system dysregulation strongly associated with impulsive aggression and antisocial criminality. AIMS To elucidate the role of epigenetic processes in altered MAOA expression and serotonin regulation in a population of incarcerated offenders with ASPD compared with a healthy non-incarcerated control population. METHOD Participants were 86 incarcerated participants with ASPD and 73 healthy controls. MAOA promoter methylation was compared between case and control groups. We explored the functional impact of MAOA promoter methylation on gene expression in vitro and blood 5-HT levels in a subset of the case group. RESULTS Results suggest that MAOA promoter hypermethylation is associated with ASPD and may contribute to downregulation of MAOA gene expression, as indicated by functional assays in vitro, and regression analysis with whole-blood serotonin levels in offenders with ASPD. CONCLUSIONS These results are consistent with prior literature suggesting MAOA and serotonergic dysregulation in antisocial populations. Our results offer the first evidence suggesting epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to MAOA dysregulation in antisocial offenders.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Checknita
- D. Checknita, MSc, G. Maussion, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; B. Labonté, PhD, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; S. Comai, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; R. E. Tremblay, PhD, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; F. Vitaro, PhD, School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; N. Turecki, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; A. Bertazzo, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univerity of Padua, Padua, Italy; G. Gobbi, MD, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; G. Côté, PhD, Institute Philippe-Pinel, Department of Psychology, Université de Québec à Trois-Rivères, Montreal, Canada; G. Turecki, MD, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - G Maussion
- D. Checknita, MSc, G. Maussion, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; B. Labonté, PhD, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; S. Comai, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; R. E. Tremblay, PhD, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; F. Vitaro, PhD, School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; N. Turecki, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; A. Bertazzo, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univerity of Padua, Padua, Italy; G. Gobbi, MD, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; G. Côté, PhD, Institute Philippe-Pinel, Department of Psychology, Université de Québec à Trois-Rivères, Montreal, Canada; G. Turecki, MD, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - B Labonté
- D. Checknita, MSc, G. Maussion, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; B. Labonté, PhD, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; S. Comai, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; R. E. Tremblay, PhD, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; F. Vitaro, PhD, School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; N. Turecki, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; A. Bertazzo, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univerity of Padua, Padua, Italy; G. Gobbi, MD, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; G. Côté, PhD, Institute Philippe-Pinel, Department of Psychology, Université de Québec à Trois-Rivères, Montreal, Canada; G. Turecki, MD, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - S Comai
- D. Checknita, MSc, G. Maussion, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; B. Labonté, PhD, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; S. Comai, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; R. E. Tremblay, PhD, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; F. Vitaro, PhD, School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; N. Turecki, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; A. Bertazzo, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univerity of Padua, Padua, Italy; G. Gobbi, MD, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; G. Côté, PhD, Institute Philippe-Pinel, Department of Psychology, Université de Québec à Trois-Rivères, Montreal, Canada; G. Turecki, MD, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - R E Tremblay
- D. Checknita, MSc, G. Maussion, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; B. Labonté, PhD, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; S. Comai, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; R. E. Tremblay, PhD, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; F. Vitaro, PhD, School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; N. Turecki, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; A. Bertazzo, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univerity of Padua, Padua, Italy; G. Gobbi, MD, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; G. Côté, PhD, Institute Philippe-Pinel, Department of Psychology, Université de Québec à Trois-Rivères, Montreal, Canada; G. Turecki, MD, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - F Vitaro
- D. Checknita, MSc, G. Maussion, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; B. Labonté, PhD, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; S. Comai, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; R. E. Tremblay, PhD, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; F. Vitaro, PhD, School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; N. Turecki, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; A. Bertazzo, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univerity of Padua, Padua, Italy; G. Gobbi, MD, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; G. Côté, PhD, Institute Philippe-Pinel, Department of Psychology, Université de Québec à Trois-Rivères, Montreal, Canada; G. Turecki, MD, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - N Turecki
- D. Checknita, MSc, G. Maussion, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; B. Labonté, PhD, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; S. Comai, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; R. E. Tremblay, PhD, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; F. Vitaro, PhD, School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; N. Turecki, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; A. Bertazzo, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univerity of Padua, Padua, Italy; G. Gobbi, MD, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; G. Côté, PhD, Institute Philippe-Pinel, Department of Psychology, Université de Québec à Trois-Rivères, Montreal, Canada; G. Turecki, MD, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - A Bertazzo
- D. Checknita, MSc, G. Maussion, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; B. Labonté, PhD, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; S. Comai, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; R. E. Tremblay, PhD, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; F. Vitaro, PhD, School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; N. Turecki, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; A. Bertazzo, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univerity of Padua, Padua, Italy; G. Gobbi, MD, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; G. Côté, PhD, Institute Philippe-Pinel, Department of Psychology, Université de Québec à Trois-Rivères, Montreal, Canada; G. Turecki, MD, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - G Gobbi
- D. Checknita, MSc, G. Maussion, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; B. Labonté, PhD, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; S. Comai, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; R. E. Tremblay, PhD, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; F. Vitaro, PhD, School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; N. Turecki, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; A. Bertazzo, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univerity of Padua, Padua, Italy; G. Gobbi, MD, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; G. Côté, PhD, Institute Philippe-Pinel, Department of Psychology, Université de Québec à Trois-Rivères, Montreal, Canada; G. Turecki, MD, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - G Côté
- D. Checknita, MSc, G. Maussion, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; B. Labonté, PhD, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; S. Comai, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; R. E. Tremblay, PhD, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; F. Vitaro, PhD, School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; N. Turecki, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; A. Bertazzo, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univerity of Padua, Padua, Italy; G. Gobbi, MD, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; G. Côté, PhD, Institute Philippe-Pinel, Department of Psychology, Université de Québec à Trois-Rivères, Montreal, Canada; G. Turecki, MD, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - G Turecki
- D. Checknita, MSc, G. Maussion, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; B. Labonté, PhD, Fishberg Department of Neuroscience and Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA; S. Comai, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; R. E. Tremblay, PhD, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Population Science, University College, Dublin, Ireland, and Departments of Pediatrics and Psychology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; F. Vitaro, PhD, School of Psycho-Education, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada; N. Turecki, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; A. Bertazzo, PhD, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Univerity of Padua, Padua, Italy; G. Gobbi, MD, PhD, Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; G. Côté, PhD, Institute Philippe-Pinel, Department of Psychology, Université de Québec à Trois-Rivères, Montreal, Canada; G. Turecki, MD, PhD, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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