1
|
Yadav S, El Hamra R, Alturki NA, Ariana A, Bhan A, Hurley K, Gaestel M, Blackshear PJ, Blais A, Sad S. Regulation of Zfp36 by ISGF3 and MK2 restricts the expression of inflammatory cytokines during necroptosis stimulation. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:574. [PMID: 39117638 PMCID: PMC11310327 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Necrosome activation following TLR- or cytokine receptor-signaling results in cell death by necroptosis which is characterized by the rupture of cell membranes and the consequent release of intracellular contents to the extracellular milieu. While necroptosis exacerbates various inflammatory diseases, the mechanisms through which the inflammatory responses are regulated are not clear. We show that the necrosome activation of macrophages results in an upregulation of various pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, which results in an elevation of the inflammatory response and consequent expression of several cytokines and chemokines. Programming for this upregulation of inflammatory response occurs during the early phase of necrosome activation and proceeds independently of cell death but depends on the activation of the receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RipK1). Interestingly, necrosome activation also results in an upregulation of IFNβ, which in turn exerts an inhibitory effect on the maintenance of inflammatory response through the repression of MAPK-signaling and an upregulation of Zfp36. Activation of the interferon-induced gene factor-3 (ISGF3) results in the expression of ZFP36 (TTP), which induces the post-transcriptional degradation of mRNAs of various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines through the recognition of AU-rich elements in their 3'UTR. Furthermore, ZFP-36 inhibits IFNβ-, but not TNFα- induced necroptosis. Overall, these results reveal the molecular mechanism through which IFNβ, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, induces the expression of ZFP-36, which in turn inhibits necroptosis and halts the maintenance of the inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rayan El Hamra
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Norah A Alturki
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ardeshir Ariana
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Avni Bhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kate Hurley
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alexandre Blais
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Centre for Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Subash Sad
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- University of Ottawa, Centre for Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fortelny N, Farlik M, Fife V, Gorki AD, Lassnig C, Maurer B, Meissl K, Dolezal M, Boccuni L, Ravi Sundar Jose Geetha A, Akagha MJ, Karjalainen A, Shoebridge S, Farhat A, Mann U, Jain R, Tikoo S, Zila N, Esser-Skala W, Krausgruber T, Sitnik K, Penz T, Hladik A, Suske T, Zahalka S, Senekowitsch M, Barreca D, Halbritter F, Macho-Maschler S, Weninger W, Neubauer HA, Moriggl R, Knapp S, Sexl V, Strobl B, Decker T, Müller M, Bock C. JAK-STAT signaling maintains homeostasis in T cells and macrophages. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:847-859. [PMID: 38658806 PMCID: PMC11065702 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01804-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Immune cells need to sustain a state of constant alertness over a lifetime. Yet, little is known about the regulatory processes that control the fluent and fragile balance that is called homeostasis. Here we demonstrate that JAK-STAT signaling, beyond its role in immune responses, is a major regulator of immune cell homeostasis. We investigated JAK-STAT-mediated transcription and chromatin accessibility across 12 mouse models, including knockouts of all STAT transcription factors and of the TYK2 kinase. Baseline JAK-STAT signaling was detected in CD8+ T cells and macrophages of unperturbed mice-but abrogated in the knockouts and in unstimulated immune cells deprived of their normal tissue context. We observed diverse gene-regulatory programs, including effects of STAT2 and IRF9 that were independent of STAT1. In summary, our large-scale dataset and integrative analysis of JAK-STAT mutant and wild-type mice uncovered a crucial role of JAK-STAT signaling in unstimulated immune cells, where it contributes to a poised epigenetic and transcriptional state and helps prepare these cells for rapid response to immune stimuli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaus Fortelny
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Matthias Farlik
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Victoria Fife
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna-Dorothea Gorki
- Research Division of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Maurer
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Meissl
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marlies Dolezal
- Platform for Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Boccuni
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mojoyinola Joanna Akagha
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anzhelika Karjalainen
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephen Shoebridge
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Asma Farhat
- Research Division of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Mann
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rohit Jain
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shweta Tikoo
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Zila
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Esser-Skala
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology, Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Krausgruber
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Data Science, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Sitnik
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Penz
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anastasiya Hladik
- Research Division of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Suske
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sophie Zahalka
- Research Division of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Senekowitsch
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniele Barreca
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Halbritter
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Macho-Maschler
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Weninger
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidi A Neubauer
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sylvia Knapp
- Research Division of Infection Biology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
- University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Decker
- Max Perutz Labs, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Animal Breeding and Genetics and VetBiomodels, Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Data Science, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dagostino R, Gottlieb A. Tissue-specific atlas of trans-models for gene regulation elucidates complex regulation patterns. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:377. [PMID: 38632500 PMCID: PMC11022497 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deciphering gene regulation is essential for understanding the underlying mechanisms of healthy and disease states. While the regulatory networks formed by transcription factors (TFs) and their target genes has been mostly studied with relation to cis effects such as in TF binding sites, we focused on trans effects of TFs on the expression of their transcribed genes and their potential mechanisms. RESULTS We provide a comprehensive tissue-specific atlas, spanning 49 tissues of TF variations affecting gene expression through computational models considering two potential mechanisms, including combinatorial regulation by the expression of the TFs, and by genetic variants within the TF. We demonstrate that similarity between tissues based on our discovered genes corresponds to other types of tissue similarity. The genes affected by complex TF regulation, and their modelled TFs, were highly enriched for pharmacogenomic functions, while the TFs themselves were also enriched in several cancer and metabolic pathways. Additionally, genes that appear in multiple clusters are enriched for regulation of immune system while tissue clusters include cluster-specific genes that are enriched for biological functions and diseases previously associated with the tissues forming the cluster. Finally, our atlas exposes multilevel regulation across multiple tissues, where TFs regulate other TFs through the two tested mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Our tissue-specific atlas provides hierarchical tissue-specific trans genetic regulations that can be further studied for association with human phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Dagostino
- McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Assaf Gottlieb
- McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song B, Wei W, Liu X, Huang Y, Zhu S, Yi L, Eerdunfu, Ding H, Zhao M, Chen J. Recombinant Porcine Interferon-α Decreases Pseudorabies Virus Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1587. [PMID: 37896991 PMCID: PMC10610829 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11101587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) is a cell-secreted cytokine possessing biological activities including antiviral functioning, immune regulation, and others. Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) mainly derives from plasmacytoid dendritic cells, which activate natural killer cells and regulate immune responses. IFN-α responds to the primary antiviral mechanism in the innate immune system, which can effectively cure acute infectious diseases. Pseudorabies (PR) is an acute infectious disease caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV). The clinical symptoms of PRV are as follows: reproductive dysfunction among pregnant sows and high mortality rates among piglets. These pose a severe threat to the swine industry. Related studies show that IFN-α has broad applications in preventing and treating viral diseases. Therefore, a PRV mouse model using artificial infection was established in this study to explore the pathogenic effect of IFN-α on PRV. We designed a sequence with IFN-α4 (M28623, Genbank) and cloned it on the lentiviral vector. CHO-K1 cells were infected and identified using WB and RT-PCR; a CHO-K1 cell line with a stable expression of the recombinant protein PoIFN-α was successfully constructed. H&E staining and virus titer detection were used to investigate the recombinant protein PoIFN-α's effect on PR in BALB/c mice. The results show that the PoIFN-α has a preventive and therapeutic impact on PR. In conclusion, the recombinant protein can alleviate symptoms and reduce the replication of PRV in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.S.); (X.L.); (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
| | - Wenkang Wei
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Xueyi Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.S.); (X.L.); (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
| | - Yaoyao Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.S.); (X.L.); (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
| | - Shuaiqi Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.S.); (X.L.); (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
| | - Lin Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.S.); (X.L.); (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
| | - Eerdunfu
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
| | - Hongxing Ding
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.S.); (X.L.); (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
| | - Mingqiu Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.S.); (X.L.); (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
- Agro-Biological Gene Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China;
| | - Jinding Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (B.S.); (X.L.); (Y.H.); (S.Z.); (L.Y.); (H.D.); (M.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Solimando AG, Desantis V, Palumbo C, Marasco C, Pappagallo F, Montagnani M, Ingravallo G, Cicco S, Di Paola R, Tabares P, Beilhack A, Dammacco F, Ria R, Vacca A. STAT1 overexpression triggers aplastic anemia: a pilot study unravelling novel pathogenetic insights in bone marrow failure. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:2687-2694. [PMID: 36826612 PMCID: PMC10543574 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
We identified STAT1 gain of function (GOF) in a 32-year-old female with pallor, weakness, cough, and dyspnea admitted to our Division of Medicine. She had severe oral ulcers (OU), type 1 diabetes (T1DM), and pancytopenia. Bone marrow (BM) biopsy showed the absence of erythroid precursors. Peripheral blood parameters such as neutrophils < 500/mL, reticulocytes < 2%, and BM hypo-cellularity allowed to diagnose severe aplastic anemia. A heterozygous variant (p.520T>C, p.Cys174Arg) of STAT1 was uncovered. Thus, p.Cys174Arg mutation was investigated as potentially responsible for the patient's inborn immunity error and aplastic anemia. Although STAT1 GOF is rare, aplastic anemia is a more common condition; therefore, we explored STAT1 functional role in the pathobiology of BM failure. Interestingly, in a cohort of six patients with idiopathic aplastic anemia, enhanced phospho-STAT1 levels were observed on BM immunostaining. Next, the most remarkable features associated with STAT1 signaling dysregulation were examined: in both pure red cell aplasia and aplastic anemia, CD8+ T cell genetic variants and mutations display enhanced signaling activities related to the JAK-STAT pathway. Inborn errors of immunity may represent a paradigmatic condition to unravel crucial pathobiological mechanisms shared by common pathological conditions. Findings from our case-based approach and the phenotype correspondence to idiopathic aplastic anemia cases prompt further statistically powered prospective studies aiming to elucidate the exact role and theragnostic window for JAK/STAT targeting in this clinical context. Nonetheless, we demonstrate how a comprehensive study of patients with primary immunodeficiencies can lead to pathophysiologic insights and potential therapeutic approaches within a broader spectrum of aplastic anemia cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Giovanni Solimando
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy.
| | - Vanessa Desantis
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Carmen Palumbo
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Carolina Marasco
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Pappagallo
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Monica Montagnani
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ingravallo
- Section of Pathology, Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Cicco
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa Di Paola
- Research Unit of Diabetes and Endocrine Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo Della Sofferenza, Viale Cappuccini, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Paula Tabares
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research Laboratory, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Franco Dammacco
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Ria
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Unit of Internal Medicine "Guido Baccelli", Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari "Aldo Moro" Medical School, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Smith MR, Satter LRF, Vargas-Hernández A. STAT5b: A master regulator of key biological pathways. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1025373. [PMID: 36755813 PMCID: PMC9899847 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT)-5 proteins are required in immune regulation and homeostasis and play a crucial role in the development and function of several hematopoietic cells. STAT5b activation is involved in the expression of genes that participate in cell development, proliferation, and survival. STAT5a and STAT5b are paralogs and only human mutations in STAT5B have been identified leading to immune dysregulation and hematopoietic malignant transformation. The inactivating STAT5B mutations cause impaired post-natal growth, recurrent infections and immune dysregulation, whereas gain of function somatic mutations cause dysregulated allergic inflammation. These mutations are rare, and they are associated with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations which provide a disease model elucidating the biological mechanism of STAT5 by studying the consequences of perturbations in STAT5 activity. Further, the use of Jak inhibitors as therapy for a variety of autoimmune and malignant disorders has increased substantially heading relevant lessons for the consequences of Jak/STAT immunomodulation from the human model. This review summarizes the biology of the STAT5 proteins, human disease associate with molecular defects in STAT5b, and the connection between aberrant activation of STAT5b and the development of certain cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madison R. Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisa R. Forbes Satter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Alexander Vargas-Hernández
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Immunology, Allergy, and Retrovirology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States,William T. Shearer Texas Children’s Hospital Center for Human Immunobiology, Houston, TX, United States,*Correspondence: Alexander Vargas-Hernández,
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Chen Q, Li L, Guo S, Liu Z, Liu L, Tan C, Chen H, Wang X. African swine fever virus pA104R protein acts as a suppressor of type I interferon signaling. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1169699. [PMID: 37089552 PMCID: PMC10119599 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1169699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluates the role of the late viral protein, pA104R, in African swine fever virus immunosuppression. ASFV-encoded pA104R is a putative histone-like protein that is highly conserved throughout different virulent and non-virulent isolates. Previous studies have demonstrated that pA104R plays a vital role in the ASFV replication cycle and is a potential target for antiviral therapy. Here, we demonstrated that pA104R is a potent antagonist of type I interferon signaling. IFN-stimulated response element activity and subsequent transcription of co-transfected and endogenous interferon-stimulated genes were attenuated by pA104R treatment in HEK-293 T cells. Immunoprecipitation assay and reciprocal pull-down showed that pA104R does not interact directly with STAT1, STAT2, or IRF9. However, pA104R could inhibit IFN signaling by attenuating STAT1 phosphorylation, and we identified the critical amino acid residues (R/H69,72 and K/R92,94,97) involved through the targeted mutation functional assays. Although pA104R is a histone-like protein localized to the nucleus, it did not inhibit IFN signaling through its DNA-binding capacity. In addition, activation of the ISRE promoter by IRF9-Stat2(TA), a STAT1-independent pathway, was inhibited by pA104R. Further results revealed that both the transcriptional activation and recruitment of transcriptional stimulators by interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 were not impaired. Although we failed to determine a mechanism for pA104R-mediated IFN signaling inhibition other than attenuating the phosphorylation of STAT1, these results might imply a possible involvement of epigenetic modification by ASFV pA104R. Taken together, these findings support that pA104R is an antagonist of type I interferon signaling, which may interfere with multiple signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qichao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Shibang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhankui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Lixinjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention & Control for African Swine Fever and Other Major Pig Diseases, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiangru Wang,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou Y, Kong Y, Jiang M, Kuang L, Wan J, Liu S, Zhang Q, Yu K, Li N, Le A, Zhang Z. Curcumin activates NLRC4, AIM2, and IFI16 inflammasomes and induces pyroptosis by up-regulated ISG3 transcript factor in acute myeloid leukemia cell lines. Cancer Biol Ther 2022; 23:328-335. [PMID: 35435150 PMCID: PMC9037542 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2022.2058862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, the primary bioactive component isolated from turmeric, has been found to possess a variety of biological functions, including anti-leukemia activity. However, the effect of curcumin in different leukemia cells vary. In this study, we demonstrated that curcumin induced the expression of AIM2, IFI16, and NLRC4 inflammasomes in leukemia cells U937 by increasing the expression levels of ISG3 transcription factor complex, which activated caspase 1, promoted cleavage of GSDMD, and induced pyroptosis. We also found that pyroptosis executor GSDMD was not expressed in two curcumin-insensitive cells HL60 and K562 cells. In addition, exogenous overexpression of GSDMD by lentiviral transduction in K562 cells increased the anti-cancer activity of curcumin, and inhibiting the expression of GSDMD by shRNA enhanced U937 cells to resist curcumin. The results showed that inducing pyroptosis is a novel mechanism underlying the anti-leukemia effects of curcumin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuru Zhou
- Departments of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,JiangXi Key Laboratory of Transfusion Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunyuan Kong
- Department of Physical Examination, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mei Jiang
- Departments of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Linju Kuang
- Departments of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jinhua Wan
- Departments of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shuyuan Liu
- Departments of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Departments of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,JiangXi Key Laboratory of Transfusion Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kuai Yu
- Departments of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,JiangXi Key Laboratory of Transfusion Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Na Li
- Departments of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Aiping Le
- Departments of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,JiangXi Key Laboratory of Transfusion Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhanglin Zhang
- Departments of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.,JiangXi Key Laboratory of Transfusion Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mariotti B, Di Blas C, Bazzoni F. Implementation of a combined bioinformatics and experimental approach to address lncRNA mechanism of action: The example of NRIR. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:873847. [PMID: 36406275 PMCID: PMC9671926 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.873847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the benefit of applying combined strategies to analyze lncRNA action based on bioinformatics and experimental information. This strategy was developed to identify the molecular function of negative regulator of interferon response (NRIR), a type I interferon-stimulated gene (ISG), that we have previously demonstrated to be involved in the upregulation of a subset of ISGs in LPS-stimulated human monocytes. In this study, we provide experimental evidence that NRIR is localized in cellular nuclei, enriched on the chromatin fraction, and upregulates ISGs acting at the transcriptional level. In silico analysis of secondary structures identified distinct NRIR structural domains, comprising putative DNA- and protein-binding regions. In parallel, the presence of a putative DNA-binding domain in NRIR and the five putative NRIR-binding sites in the promoter of NRIR-target genes support the function of NRIR as a transcriptional regulator of its target genes. By use of integrated experimental/bioinformatics approaches, comprising database and literature mining together with in silico analysis of putative NRIR-binding proteins, we identified a list of eight transcription factors (TFs) shared by the majority of NRIR-target genes and simultaneously able to bind TF binding sites enriched in the NRIR-target gene promoters. Among these TFs, the predicted NRIR:STAT interactions were experimentally validated by RIP assay.
Collapse
|
10
|
Lee MF, Voon GZ, Lim HX, Chua ML, Poh CL. Innate and adaptive immune evasion by dengue virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1004608. [PMID: 36189361 PMCID: PMC9523788 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1004608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue is a mosquito-borne disease which causes significant public health concerns in tropical and subtropical countries. Dengue virus (DENV) has evolved various strategies to manipulate the innate immune responses of the host such as ‘hiding’ in the ultrastructure of the host, interfering with the signaling pathway through RNA modifications, inhibiting type 1 IFN production, as well as inhibiting STAT1 phosphorylation. DENV is also able to evade the adaptive immune responses of the host through antigenic variation, antigen-dependent enhancement (ADE), partial maturation of prM proteins, and inhibition of antigen presentation. miRNAs are important regulators of both innate and adaptive immunity and they have been shown to play important roles in DENV replication and pathogenesis. This makes them suitable candidates for the development of anti-dengue therapeutics. This review discusses the various strategies employed by DENV to evade innate and adaptive immunity. The role of miRNAs and DENV non-structural proteins (NS) are promising targets for the development of anti-dengue therapeutics.
Collapse
|
11
|
Oncolytic Vaccinia Virus Harboring Aphrocallistes vastus Lectin Inhibits the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20060378. [PMID: 35736181 PMCID: PMC9230886 DOI: 10.3390/md20060378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic vaccinia virus has been developed as a novel cancer therapeutic drug in recent years. Our previous studies demonstrated that the antitumor effect of oncolytic vaccina virus harboring Aphrocallistes vastus lectin (oncoVV-AVL) was significantly enhanced in several cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the underlying mechanisms of AVL that affect virus replication and promote the antitumor efficacy of oncolytic virus in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our results showed that oncoVV-AVL markedly exhibited antitumor effects in both hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and a xenograft mouse model. Further investigation illustrated that oncoVV-AVL could activate tumor immunity by upregulating the expression of type I interferons and enhance virus replication by inhibiting ISRE mediated viral defense response. In addition, we inferred that AVL promoted the ability of virus replication by regulating the PI3K/Akt, MAPK/ERK, and Hippo/MST pathways through cross-talk Raf-1, as well as metabolism-related pathways. These findings provide a novel perspective for the exploitation of marine lectins in oncolytic therapy.
Collapse
|
12
|
Tissue-Specific Variations in Transcription Factors Elucidate Complex Immune System Regulation. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050929. [PMID: 35627314 PMCID: PMC9140347 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression plays a key role in health and disease. Estimating the genetic components underlying gene expression can thus help understand disease etiology. Polygenic models termed “transcriptome imputation” are used to estimate the genetic component of gene expression, but these models typically consider only the cis regions of the gene. However, these cis-based models miss large variability in expression for multiple genes. Transcription factors (TFs) that regulate gene expression are natural candidates for looking for additional sources of the missing variability. We developed a hypothesis-driven approach to identify second-tier regulation by variability in TFs. Our approach tested two models representing possible mechanisms by which variations in TFs can affect gene expression: variability in the expression of the TF and genetic variants within the TF that may affect the binding affinity of the TF to the TF-binding site. We tested our TF models in whole blood and skeletal muscle tissues and identified TF variability that can partially explain missing gene expression for 1035 genes, 76% of which explains more than the cis-based models. While the discovered regulation patterns were tissue-specific, they were both enriched for immune system functionality, elucidating complex regulation patterns. Our hypothesis-driven approach is useful for identifying tissue-specific genetic regulation patterns involving variations in TF expression or binding.
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang J, Yuan S, Peng Q, Ding Z, Hao W, Peng G, Xiao S, Fang L. Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus nsp7 Inhibits Interferon-Induced JAK-STAT Signaling through Sequestering the Interaction between KPNA1 and STAT1. J Virol 2022; 96:e0040022. [PMID: 35442061 PMCID: PMC9093119 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00400-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a highly pathogenic enteric coronavirus that causes high mortality in piglets. Interferon (IFN) responses are the primary defense mechanism against viral infection; however, viruses always evolve elaborate strategies to antagonize the antiviral action of IFN. Previous study showed that PEDV nonstructural protein 7 (nsp7), a component of the viral replicase polyprotein, can antagonize ploy(I:C)-induced type I IFN production. Here, we found that PEDV nsp7 also antagonized IFN-α-induced JAK-STAT signaling and the production of IFN-stimulated genes. PEDV nsp7 did not affect the protein and phosphorylation levels of JAK1, Tyk2, STAT1, and STAT2 or the formation of the interferon-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) complex. However, PEDV nsp7 prevented the nuclear translocation of STAT1 and STAT2. Mechanistically, PEDV nsp7 interacted with the DNA binding domain of STAT1/STAT2, which sequestered the interaction between karyopherin α1 (KPNA1) and STAT1, thereby blocking the nuclear transport of ISGF3. Collectively, these data reveal a new mechanism developed by PEDV to inhibit type I IFN signaling pathway. IMPORTANCE In recent years, an emerging porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) variant has gained attention because of serious outbreaks of piglet diarrhea in China and the United States. Coronavirus nonstructural protein 7 (nsp7) has been proposed to act with nsp8 as part of an RNA primase to generate RNA primers for viral RNA synthesis. However, accumulating evidence indicates that coronavirus nsp7 can also antagonize type I IFN production. Our present study extends previous findings and demonstrates that PEDV nsp7 also antagonizes IFN-α-induced IFN signaling by competing with KPNA1 for binding to STAT1, thereby enriching the immune regulation function of coronavirus nsp7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuangling Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenqi Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Guiqing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaobo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| | - Liurong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xue W, Ding C, Qian K, Liao Y. The Interplay Between Coronavirus and Type I IFN Response. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:805472. [PMID: 35317429 PMCID: PMC8934427 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.805472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few decades, newly evolved coronaviruses have posed a global threat to public health and animal breeding. To control and prevent the coronavirus-related diseases, understanding the interaction of the coronavirus and the host immune system is the top priority. Coronaviruses have evolved multiple mechanisms to evade or antagonize the host immune response to ensure their replication. As the first line and main component of innate immune response, type I IFN response is able to restrict virus in the initial infection stage; it is thus not surprising that the primary aim of the virus is to evade or antagonize the IFN response. Gaining a profound understanding of the interaction between coronaviruses and type I IFN response will shed light on vaccine development and therapeutics. In this review, we provide an update on the current knowledge on strategies employed by coronaviruses to evade type I IFN response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Xue
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chan Ding
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Qian
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ying Liao
- Department of Avian Diseases, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Liao,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Detilleux D, Raynaud P, Pradet-Balade B, Helmlinger D. The TRRAP transcription cofactor represses interferon-stimulated genes in colorectal cancer cells. eLife 2022; 11:69705. [PMID: 35244540 PMCID: PMC8926402 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription is essential for cells to respond to signaling cues and involves factors with multiple distinct activities. One such factor, TRRAP, functions as part of two large complexes, SAGA and TIP60, which have crucial roles during transcription activation. Structurally, TRRAP belongs to the phosphoinositide 3 kinase-related kinases (PIKK) family but is the only member classified as a pseudokinase. Recent studies established that a dedicated HSP90 co-chaperone, the triple T (TTT) complex, is essential for PIKK stabilization and activity. Here, using endogenous auxin-inducible degron alleles, we show that the TTT subunit TELO2 promotes TRRAP assembly into SAGA and TIP60 in human colorectal cancer cells (CRCs). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that TELO2 contributes to TRRAP regulatory roles in CRC cells, most notably of MYC target genes. Surprisingly, TELO2 and TRRAP depletion also induced the expression of type I interferon genes. Using a combination of nascent RNA, antibody-targeted chromatin profiling (CUT&RUN), ChIP, and kinetic analyses, we propose a model by which TRRAP directly represses the transcription of IRF9, which encodes a master regulator of interferon-stimulated genes. We have therefore uncovered an unexpected transcriptional repressor role for TRRAP, which we propose contributes to its tumorigenic activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peggy Raynaud
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gusev E, Sarapultsev A, Solomatina L, Chereshnev V. SARS-CoV-2-Specific Immune Response and the Pathogenesis of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1716. [PMID: 35163638 PMCID: PMC8835786 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The review aims to consolidate research findings on the molecular mechanisms and virulence and pathogenicity characteristics of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and their relevance to four typical stages in the development of acute viral infection. These four stages are invasion; primary blockade of antiviral innate immunity; engagement of the virus's protection mechanisms against the factors of adaptive immunity; and acute, long-term complications of COVID-19. The invasion stage entails the recognition of the spike protein (S) of SARS-CoV-2 target cell receptors, namely, the main receptor (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, ACE2), its coreceptors, and potential alternative receptors. The presence of a diverse repertoire of receptors allows SARS-CoV-2 to infect various types of cells, including those not expressing ACE2. During the second stage, the majority of the polyfunctional structural, non-structural, and extra proteins SARS-CoV-2 synthesizes in infected cells are involved in the primary blockage of antiviral innate immunity. A high degree of redundancy and systemic action characterizing these pathogenic factors allows SARS-CoV-2 to overcome antiviral mechanisms at the initial stages of invasion. The third stage includes passive and active protection of the virus from factors of adaptive immunity, overcoming of the barrier function at the focus of inflammation, and generalization of SARS-CoV-2 in the body. The fourth stage is associated with the deployment of variants of acute and long-term complications of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2's ability to induce autoimmune and autoinflammatory pathways of tissue invasion and development of both immunosuppressive and hyperergic mechanisms of systemic inflammation is critical at this stage of infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenii Gusev
- Laboratory of Immunology of Inflammation, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Alexey Sarapultsev
- Laboratory of Immunology of Inflammation, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
- Russian-Chinese Education and Research Center of System Pathology, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Liliya Solomatina
- Laboratory of Immunology of Inflammation, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Valeriy Chereshnev
- Laboratory of Immunology of Inflammation, Institute of Immunology and Physiology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 620049 Ekaterinburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Feige L, Sáenz-de-Santa-María I, Regnault B, Lavenir R, Lepelletier A, Halacu A, Rajerison R, Diop S, Nareth C, Reynes JM, Buchy P, Bourhy H, Dacheux L. Transcriptome Profile During Rabies Virus Infection: Identification of Human CXCL16 as a Potential New Viral Target. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:761074. [PMID: 34804996 PMCID: PMC8602097 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.761074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabies virus (RABV), the causative agent for rabies disease is still presenting a major public health concern causing approximately 60,000 deaths annually. This neurotropic virus (genus Lyssavirus, family Rhabdoviridae) induces an acute and almost always fatal form of encephalomyelitis in humans. Despite the lethal consequences associated with clinical symptoms of rabies, RABV limits neuro-inflammation without causing major histopathological lesions in humans. Nevertheless, information about the mechanisms of infection and cellular response in the central nervous system (CNS) remain scarce. Here, we investigated the expression of inflammatory genes involved in immune response to RABV (dog-adapted strain Tha) in mice, the most common animal model used to study rabies. To better elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms during natural RABV infection, we compared the inflammatory transcriptome profile observed at the late stage of infection in the mouse brain (cortex and brain stem/cerebellum) with the ortholog gene expression in post-mortem brain biopsies of rabid patients. Our data indicate that the inflammatory response associated with rabies is more pronounced in the murine brain compared to the human brain. In contrast to murine transcription profiles, we identified CXC motif chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) as the only significant differentially expressed gene in post-mortem brains of rabid patients. This result was confirmed in vitro, in which Tha suppressed interferon alpha (IFN-α)-induced CXCL16 expression in human CNS cell lines but induced CXCL16 expression in IFN-α-stimulated murine astrocytes. We hypothesize that RABV-induced modulation of the CXCL16 pathway in the brain possibly affects neurotransmission, natural killer (NK) and T cell recruitment and activation. Overall, we show species-specific differences in the inflammatory response of the brain, highlighted the importance of understanding the potential limitations of extrapolating data from animal models to humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Feige
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, National Reference Center for Rabies, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Department of Global Health, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Rachel Lavenir
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, National Reference Center for Rabies, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Department of Global Health, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Lepelletier
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, National Reference Center for Rabies, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Department of Global Health, Paris, France
| | - Ala Halacu
- National Agency for Public Health, Chișinău, Moldova
| | | | - Sylvie Diop
- Infectious Diseases Department, National and University Hospital Center of Fann-Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Jean-Marc Reynes
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Tananarive, Madagascar
| | - Philippe Buchy
- Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur in Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, National Reference Center for Rabies, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Department of Global Health, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Dacheux
- Institut Pasteur, Université de Paris, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, National Reference Center for Rabies, WHO Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Department of Global Health, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ostaszewski M, Niarakis A, Mazein A, Kuperstein I, Phair R, Orta‐Resendiz A, Singh V, Aghamiri SS, Acencio ML, Glaab E, Ruepp A, Fobo G, Montrone C, Brauner B, Frishman G, Monraz Gómez LC, Somers J, Hoch M, Kumar Gupta S, Scheel J, Borlinghaus H, Czauderna T, Schreiber F, Montagud A, Ponce de Leon M, Funahashi A, Hiki Y, Hiroi N, Yamada TG, Dräger A, Renz A, Naveez M, Bocskei Z, Messina F, Börnigen D, Fergusson L, Conti M, Rameil M, Nakonecnij V, Vanhoefer J, Schmiester L, Wang M, Ackerman EE, Shoemaker JE, Zucker J, Oxford K, Teuton J, Kocakaya E, Summak GY, Hanspers K, Kutmon M, Coort S, Eijssen L, Ehrhart F, Rex DAB, Slenter D, Martens M, Pham N, Haw R, Jassal B, Matthews L, Orlic‐Milacic M, Senff Ribeiro A, Rothfels K, Shamovsky V, Stephan R, Sevilla C, Varusai T, Ravel J, Fraser R, Ortseifen V, Marchesi S, Gawron P, Smula E, Heirendt L, Satagopam V, Wu G, Riutta A, Golebiewski M, Owen S, Goble C, Hu X, Overall RW, Maier D, Bauch A, Gyori BM, Bachman JA, Vega C, Grouès V, Vazquez M, Porras P, Licata L, Iannuccelli M, Sacco F, Nesterova A, Yuryev A, de Waard A, Turei D, Luna A, Babur O, Soliman S, Valdeolivas A, Esteban‐Medina M, Peña‐Chilet M, Rian K, Helikar T, Puniya BL, Modos D, Treveil A, Olbei M, De Meulder B, Ballereau S, Dugourd A, Naldi A, Noël V, Calzone L, Sander C, Demir E, Korcsmaros T, Freeman TC, Augé F, Beckmann JS, Hasenauer J, Wolkenhauer O, Wilighagen EL, Pico AR, Evelo CT, Gillespie ME, Stein LD, Hermjakob H, D'Eustachio P, Saez‐Rodriguez J, Dopazo J, Valencia A, Kitano H, Barillot E, Auffray C, Balling R, Schneider R. COVID19 Disease Map, a computational knowledge repository of virus-host interaction mechanisms. Mol Syst Biol 2021; 17:e10387. [PMID: 34664389 PMCID: PMC8524328 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202110387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We need to effectively combine the knowledge from surging literature with complex datasets to propose mechanistic models of SARS-CoV-2 infection, improving data interpretation and predicting key targets of intervention. Here, we describe a large-scale community effort to build an open access, interoperable and computable repository of COVID-19 molecular mechanisms. The COVID-19 Disease Map (C19DMap) is a graphical, interactive representation of disease-relevant molecular mechanisms linking many knowledge sources. Notably, it is a computational resource for graph-based analyses and disease modelling. To this end, we established a framework of tools, platforms and guidelines necessary for a multifaceted community of biocurators, domain experts, bioinformaticians and computational biologists. The diagrams of the C19DMap, curated from the literature, are integrated with relevant interaction and text mining databases. We demonstrate the application of network analysis and modelling approaches by concrete examples to highlight new testable hypotheses. This framework helps to find signatures of SARS-CoV-2 predisposition, treatment response or prioritisation of drug candidates. Such an approach may help deal with new waves of COVID-19 or similar pandemics in the long-term perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Ostaszewski
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Anna Niarakis
- Université Paris‐SaclayLaboratoire Européen de Recherche pour la Polyarthrite rhumatoïde ‐ GenhotelUniv EvryEvryFrance
- Lifeware GroupInria Saclay‐Ile de FrancePalaiseauFrance
| | - Alexander Mazein
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Inna Kuperstein
- Institut CuriePSL Research UniversityParisFrance
- INSERMParisFrance
- MINES ParisTechPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Robert Phair
- Integrative Bioinformatics, Inc.Mountain ViewCAUSA
| | - Aurelio Orta‐Resendiz
- Institut PasteurUniversité de Paris, Unité HIVInflammation et PersistanceParisFrance
- Bio Sorbonne Paris CitéUniversité de ParisParisFrance
| | - Vidisha Singh
- Université Paris‐SaclayLaboratoire Européen de Recherche pour la Polyarthrite rhumatoïde ‐ GenhotelUniv EvryEvryFrance
| | - Sara Sadat Aghamiri
- Inserm‐ Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicaleParisFrance
| | - Marcio Luis Acencio
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Enrico Glaab
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Andreas Ruepp
- Institute of Experimental Genetics (IEG)Helmholtz Zentrum München‐German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Gisela Fobo
- Institute of Experimental Genetics (IEG)Helmholtz Zentrum München‐German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Corinna Montrone
- Institute of Experimental Genetics (IEG)Helmholtz Zentrum München‐German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Barbara Brauner
- Institute of Experimental Genetics (IEG)Helmholtz Zentrum München‐German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Goar Frishman
- Institute of Experimental Genetics (IEG)Helmholtz Zentrum München‐German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH)NeuherbergGermany
| | - Luis Cristóbal Monraz Gómez
- Institut CuriePSL Research UniversityParisFrance
- INSERMParisFrance
- MINES ParisTechPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Julia Somers
- Department of Molecular and Medical GeneticsOregon Health & Sciences UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Matti Hoch
- Department of Systems Biology and BioinformaticsUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
| | | | - Julia Scheel
- Department of Systems Biology and BioinformaticsUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
| | - Hanna Borlinghaus
- Department of Computer and Information ScienceUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Tobias Czauderna
- Faculty of Information TechnologyDepartment of Human‐Centred ComputingMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
| | - Falk Schreiber
- Department of Computer and Information ScienceUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
- Faculty of Information TechnologyDepartment of Human‐Centred ComputingMonash UniversityClaytonVic.Australia
| | | | | | - Akira Funahashi
- Department of Biosciences and InformaticsKeio UniversityYokohamaJapan
| | - Yusuke Hiki
- Department of Biosciences and InformaticsKeio UniversityYokohamaJapan
| | - Noriko Hiroi
- Graduate School of Media and GovernanceResearch Institute at SFCKeio UniversityKanagawaJapan
| | - Takahiro G Yamada
- Department of Biosciences and InformaticsKeio UniversityYokohamaJapan
| | - Andreas Dräger
- Computational Systems Biology of Infections and Antimicrobial‐Resistant PathogensInstitute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics (IBMI)University of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner siteTübingenGermany
| | - Alina Renz
- Computational Systems Biology of Infections and Antimicrobial‐Resistant PathogensInstitute for Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics (IBMI)University of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Department of Computer ScienceUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Muhammad Naveez
- Department of Systems Biology and BioinformaticsUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
- Institute of Applied Computer SystemsRiga Technical UniversityRigaLatvia
| | - Zsolt Bocskei
- Sanofi R&DTranslational SciencesChilly‐MazarinFrance
| | - Francesco Messina
- Dipartimento di Epidemiologia Ricerca Pre‐Clinica e Diagnostica AvanzataNational Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' I.R.C.C.S.RomeItaly
- COVID‐19 INMI Network Medicine for IDs Study GroupNational Institute for Infectious Diseases 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' I.R.C.C.SRomeItaly
| | - Daniela Börnigen
- Bioinformatics Core FacilityUniversitätsklinikum Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Liam Fergusson
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary MedicineThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Marta Conti
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Marius Rameil
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Vanessa Nakonecnij
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Jakob Vanhoefer
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Leonard Schmiester
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural SciencesUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
- Center for MathematicsChair of Mathematical Modeling of Biological SystemsTechnische Universität MünchenGarchingGermany
| | - Muying Wang
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Emily E Ackerman
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Jason E Shoemaker
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum EngineeringUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
- Department of Computational and Systems BiologyUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPAUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kristina Hanspers
- Institute of Data Science and BiotechnologyGladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Martina Kutmon
- Department of Bioinformatics ‐ BiGCaTNUTRIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Susan Coort
- Department of Bioinformatics ‐ BiGCaTNUTRIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Lars Eijssen
- Department of Bioinformatics ‐ BiGCaTNUTRIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Friederike Ehrhart
- Department of Bioinformatics ‐ BiGCaTNUTRIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Maastricht University Medical CentreMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Denise Slenter
- Department of Bioinformatics ‐ BiGCaTNUTRIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Marvin Martens
- Department of Bioinformatics ‐ BiGCaTNUTRIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Nhung Pham
- Department of Bioinformatics ‐ BiGCaTNUTRIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Robin Haw
- MaRS CentreOntario Institute for Cancer ResearchTorontoONCanada
| | - Bijay Jassal
- MaRS CentreOntario Institute for Cancer ResearchTorontoONCanada
| | | | | | - Andrea Senff Ribeiro
- MaRS CentreOntario Institute for Cancer ResearchTorontoONCanada
- Universidade Federal do ParanáCuritibaBrasil
| | - Karen Rothfels
- MaRS CentreOntario Institute for Cancer ResearchTorontoONCanada
| | | | - Ralf Stephan
- MaRS CentreOntario Institute for Cancer ResearchTorontoONCanada
| | - Cristoffer Sevilla
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL‐EBI)European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHinxton, CambridgeshireUK
| | - Thawfeek Varusai
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL‐EBI)European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHinxton, CambridgeshireUK
| | - Jean‐Marie Ravel
- INSERM UMR_S 1256Nutrition, Genetics, and Environmental Risk Exposure (NGERE)Faculty of Medicine of NancyUniversity of LorraineNancyFrance
- Laboratoire de génétique médicaleCHRU NancyNancyFrance
| | - Rupsha Fraser
- Queen's Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Vera Ortseifen
- Senior Research Group in Genome Research of Industrial MicroorganismsCenter for BiotechnologyBielefeld UniversityBielefeldGermany
| | - Silvia Marchesi
- Department of Surgical ScienceUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden
| | - Piotr Gawron
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
- Institute of Computing SciencePoznan University of TechnologyPoznanPoland
| | - Ewa Smula
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Laurent Heirendt
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Venkata Satagopam
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Guanming Wu
- Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical EpidemiologyOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Anders Riutta
- Institute of Data Science and BiotechnologyGladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | | | - Stuart Owen
- Department of Computer ScienceThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Carole Goble
- Department of Computer ScienceThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Xiaoming Hu
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS)HeidelbergGermany
| | - Rupert W Overall
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) DresdenDresdenGermany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD)Technische Universität DresdenDresdenGermany
- Institute for BiologyHumboldt University of BerlinBerlinGermany
| | | | | | - Benjamin M Gyori
- Harvard Medical SchoolLaboratory of Systems PharmacologyBostonMAUSA
| | - John A Bachman
- Harvard Medical SchoolLaboratory of Systems PharmacologyBostonMAUSA
| | - Carlos Vega
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Valentin Grouès
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | | | - Pablo Porras
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL‐EBI)European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHinxton, CambridgeshireUK
| | - Luana Licata
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | | | - Francesca Sacco
- Department of BiologyUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | | | | | | | - Denes Turei
- Institute for Computational BiomedicineHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Augustin Luna
- cBio Center, Divisions of Biostatistics and Computational BiologyDepartment of Data SciencesDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Ozgun Babur
- Computer Science DepartmentUniversity of Massachusetts BostonBostonMAUSA
| | | | - Alberto Valdeolivas
- Institute for Computational BiomedicineHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
| | - Marina Esteban‐Medina
- Clinical Bioinformatics AreaFundación Progreso y Salud (FPS)Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
- Computational Systems Medicine GroupInstitute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
| | - Maria Peña‐Chilet
- Clinical Bioinformatics AreaFundación Progreso y Salud (FPS)Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
- Computational Systems Medicine GroupInstitute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)FPS, Hospital Virgen del RocíoSevillaSpain
| | - Kinza Rian
- Clinical Bioinformatics AreaFundación Progreso y Salud (FPS)Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
- Computational Systems Medicine GroupInstitute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
| | - Tomáš Helikar
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Nebraska‐LincolnLincolnNEUSA
| | | | - Dezso Modos
- Quadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUK
- Earlham InstituteNorwichUK
| | - Agatha Treveil
- Quadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUK
- Earlham InstituteNorwichUK
| | - Marton Olbei
- Quadram Institute BioscienceNorwichUK
- Earlham InstituteNorwichUK
| | | | - Stephane Ballereau
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Aurélien Dugourd
- Institute for Computational BiomedicineHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems BiologyFaculty of Medicine, RWTHAachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | | | - Vincent Noël
- Institut CuriePSL Research UniversityParisFrance
- INSERMParisFrance
- MINES ParisTechPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Laurence Calzone
- Institut CuriePSL Research UniversityParisFrance
- INSERMParisFrance
- MINES ParisTechPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Chris Sander
- cBio Center, Divisions of Biostatistics and Computational BiologyDepartment of Data SciencesDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMAUSA
- Department of Cell BiologyHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Emek Demir
- Department of Molecular and Medical GeneticsOregon Health & Sciences UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | | | - Tom C Freeman
- The Roslin InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Franck Augé
- Sanofi R&DTranslational SciencesChilly‐MazarinFrance
| | | | - Jan Hasenauer
- Helmholtz Zentrum München – German Research Center for Environmental HealthInstitute of Computational BiologyNeuherbergGermany
- Interdisciplinary Research Unit Mathematics and Life SciencesUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Olaf Wolkenhauer
- Department of Systems Biology and BioinformaticsUniversity of RostockRostockGermany
| | - Egon L Wilighagen
- Department of Bioinformatics ‐ BiGCaTNUTRIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Alexander R Pico
- Institute of Data Science and BiotechnologyGladstone InstitutesSan FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Chris T Evelo
- Department of Bioinformatics ‐ BiGCaTNUTRIMMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
- Maastricht Centre for Systems Biology (MaCSBio)Maastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Marc E Gillespie
- MaRS CentreOntario Institute for Cancer ResearchTorontoONCanada
- St. John’s University College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesQueensNYUSA
| | - Lincoln D Stein
- MaRS CentreOntario Institute for Cancer ResearchTorontoONCanada
- Department of Molecular GeneticsUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Henning Hermjakob
- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL‐EBI)European Molecular Biology LaboratoryHinxton, CambridgeshireUK
| | | | | | - Joaquin Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics AreaFundación Progreso y Salud (FPS)Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
- Computational Systems Medicine GroupInstitute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS)Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)FPS, Hospital Virgen del RocíoSevillaSpain
- FPS/ELIXIR‐esHospital Virgen del RocíoSevillaSpain
| | - Alfonso Valencia
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC)BarcelonaSpain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Hiroaki Kitano
- Systems Biology InstituteTokyoJapan
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate SchoolOkinawaJapan
| | - Emmanuel Barillot
- Institut CuriePSL Research UniversityParisFrance
- INSERMParisFrance
- MINES ParisTechPSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Charles Auffray
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Rudi Balling
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | - Reinhard Schneider
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems BiomedicineUniversity of LuxembourgEsch‐sur‐AlzetteLuxembourg
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Musella M, Galassi C, Manduca N, Sistigu A. The Yin and Yang of Type I IFNs in Cancer Promotion and Immune Activation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:856. [PMID: 34571733 PMCID: PMC8467547 DOI: 10.3390/biology10090856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Type I Interferons (IFNs) are key regulators of natural and therapy-induced host defense against viral infection and cancer. Several years of remarkable progress in the field of oncoimmunology have revealed the dual nature of these cytokines. Hence, Type I IFNs may trigger anti-tumoral responses, while leading immune dysfunction and disease progression. This dichotomy relies on the duration and intensity of the transduced signaling, the nature of the unleashed IFN stimulated genes, and the subset of responding cells. Here, we discuss the role of Type I IFNs in the evolving relationship between the host immune system and cancer, as we offer a view of the therapeutic strategies that exploit and require an intact Type I IFN signaling, and the role of these cytokines in inducing adaptive resistance. A deep understanding of the complex, yet highly regulated, network of Type I IFN triggered molecular pathways will help find a timely and immune"logical" way to exploit these cytokines for anticancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Musella
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Claudia Galassi
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Nicoletta Manduca
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (N.M.)
| | - Antonella Sistigu
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia Traslazionale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; (C.G.); (N.M.)
- Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Leviyang S. Interferon stimulated binding of ISRE is cell type specific and is predicted by homeostatic chromatin state. Cytokine X 2021; 3:100056. [PMID: 34409284 PMCID: PMC8361084 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytox.2021.100056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
IFN stimulated binding of ISRE by ISGF3 is cell specific, particularly for ISRE in enhancer regions. IFN stimulated binding of ISRE in enhancer regions associates with differential expression. The homeostatic, chromatin state of an ISRE is predictive of IFN stimulated binding.
The type I interferon (IFN) signaling pathway involves binding of the transcription factor ISGF3 to IFN-stimulated response elements, ISREs. Gene expression under IFN stimulation is known to vary across cell types, but variation in ISGF3 binding to ISRE across cell types has not been characterized. We examined ISRE binding patterns under IFN stimulation across six cell types using existing ChIPseq datasets. We find that ISRE binding is largely cell specific for ISREs distal to transcription start sites (TSS) and largely conserved across cell types for ISREs proximal to TSS. We show that bound ISRE distal to TSS associate with differential expression of ISGs, although at weaker levels than bound ISRE proximal to TSS. Using existing ATACseq and ChIPseq datasets, we show that the chromatin state of ISRE at homeostasis is cell type specific and is predictive of cell specific, ISRE binding under IFN stimulation. Our results support a model in which the chromatin state of ISRE in enhancer elements is modulated in a cell type specific manner at homeostasis, leading to cell type specific differences in ISRE binding patterns under IFN stimulation.
Collapse
|
21
|
Fanunza E, Carletti F, Quartu M, Grandi N, Ermellino L, Milia J, Corona A, Capobianchi MR, Ippolito G, Tramontano E. Zika virus NS2A inhibits interferon signaling by degradation of STAT1 and STAT2. Virulence 2021; 12:1580-1596. [PMID: 34338586 PMCID: PMC8331042 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1935613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Interferon (IFN) response is crucial to restrain pathogenic infections. Investigations into flavivirus-host interactions reported that the high virulence is linked to innate immune evasion. Zika Virus (ZIKV) has developed diversified strategies to evade the innate immune system. We report that the viral protein NS2A counteracts the IFN response by strongly suppressing the IFN signaling. NS2A targets transcription factors STAT1 and STAT2, to impede their nuclear localization, thereby suppressing the transcription of ISRE promoter and IFN-stimulated genes. We found that NS2A promotes degradation of STAT1 and STAT2. Treatment of NS2A transfected cells with MG132 restores the levels of both transcription factors, suggesting the involvement of the proteasome system. Given the impact that the IFN antagonism has on flavivirus virulence, the knowledge gained by characterizing the mechanism through which ZIKV evades the IFN response paves the ground for new strategies to attenuate the pathogenesis and to develop countermeasures against effective pharmacological targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fanunza
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Carletti
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, L.Spallanzani͟ IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Quartu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Nicole Grandi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Laura Ermellino
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Jessica Milia
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Angela Corona
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Capobianchi
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, L.Spallanzani͟ IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ippolito
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute for Infectious Diseases, L.Spallanzani͟ IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chiang DC, Li Y, Ng SK. The Role of the Z-DNA Binding Domain in Innate Immunity and Stress Granules. Front Immunol 2021; 11:625504. [PMID: 33613567 PMCID: PMC7886975 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.625504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Both DNA and RNA can maintain left-handed double helical Z-conformation under physiological condition, but only when stabilized by Z-DNA binding domain (ZDBD). After initial discovery in RNA editing enzyme ADAR1, ZDBD has also been described in pathogen-sensing proteins ZBP1 and PKZ in host, as well as virulence proteins E3L and ORF112 in viruses. The host-virus antagonism immediately highlights the importance of ZDBD in antiviral innate immunity. Furthermore, Z-RNA binding has been shown to be responsible for the localization of these ZDBD-containing proteins to cytoplasmic stress granules that play central role in coordinating cellular response to stresses. This review sought to consolidate current understanding of Z-RNA sensing in innate immunity and implore possible roles of Z-RNA binding within cytoplasmic stress granules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De Chen Chiang
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Malaysia
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siew Kit Ng
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Malaysia
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Beaulieu AM. Transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of memory NK cell responses. Immunol Rev 2021; 300:125-133. [PMID: 33491231 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic innate lymphocytes with key roles in host protection against viruses and malignancy. Notwithstanding their historical classification as innate immune cells, NK cells are now understood to have some capacity to mount memory or memory-like immune responses in which effector cells undergo antigen-driven expansion and give rise to long-lived memory cells with enhanced functionality. Understanding how antigen-specific effector and memory NK responses are regulated is an important and active area of research in the field. Here, we discuss key transcription factors and epigenetic processes involved in antigen-specific effector and memory NK cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aimee M Beaulieu
- Center for Immunity and Inflammation, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Genetics, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences, Rutgers - The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Fujihara Y, Yamanegi K, Nagasawa Y, Yoshida A, Goto Y, Kumanishi S, Futani H, Fukunishi S, Yoshiya S, Nishiura H. Programmed cell death 1 positive lymphocytes at palate tonsils in the elder patients with chronic tonsillitis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 25:100898. [PMID: 33490647 PMCID: PMC7809388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating lymphocytes infiltrate into local foci at the inflammatory phase of acute wound healing for activation of the immune system and express an immune checkpoint protein programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) at the resolution phase for inactivation of the immune system. Conversely, the PD-1 expression was still found even on circulating lymphocytes of the elder patients with chronic tonsillitis at the palliative stage. Recently, an adhesion G protein coupled receptor 56 (GPR56) was reported to at least work as a proliferation factor for infiltrated lymphocytes into local foci at the resolution phase of acute wound healing. To preliminary examine a similar role of PD-1 and GPR56 at local foci at chronic inflammation, palate tonsils were prepared from small amounts of patients with chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy. A positive relationship of RNA expression might be observed between PD-1 and GPR56 in the elder patients with chronic tonsillitis. In regard to immunohistopathological findings, there were huge and small amounts of PD-1 and GPR56 expression at the marginal zone of lymphoid follicles of palate tonsils with chronic tonsillitis. Moreover, the positive relationship of RNA expression between PD-1 and GPR56 confirmed in large numbers of the elder patients with chronic tonsillitis. Probably, GPR56 participates in a supplement of PD-1+ lymphocytes to circulating bloods of the elder patients with chronic tonsillitis through a lymphocyte cell maintenance system at the marginal zone of the lymphoid follicles of palate tonsils.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Fujihara
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Koji Yamanegi
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nagasawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Ayu Yoshida
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Ear Nose Throat, Konan Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Yukako Goto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Ear Nose Throat, Konan Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Kumanishi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Futani
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shigeo Fukunishi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shinichi Yoshiya
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nishiura
- Department of Pathology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8501, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Yang E, Li MMH. All About the RNA: Interferon-Stimulated Genes That Interfere With Viral RNA Processes. Front Immunol 2020; 11:605024. [PMID: 33362792 PMCID: PMC7756014 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.605024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) signaling induces the expression of a wide array of genes, collectively referred to as IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) that generally function to inhibit viral replication. RNA viruses are frequently targeted by ISGs through recognition of viral replicative intermediates and molecular features associated with viral genomes, or the lack of molecular features associated with host mRNAs. The ISGs reviewed here primarily inhibit viral replication in an RNA-centric manner, working to sense, degrade, or repress expression of viral RNA. This review focuses on dissecting how these ISGs exhibit multiple antiviral mechanisms, often through use of varied co-factors, highlighting the complexity of the type I IFN response. Specifically, these ISGs can mediate antiviral effects through viral RNA degradation, viral translation inhibition, or both. While the OAS/RNase L pathway globally degrades RNA and arrests translation, ISG20 and ZAP employ targeted RNA degradation and translation inhibition to block viral replication. Meanwhile, SHFL targets translation by inhibiting -1 ribosomal frameshifting, which is required by many RNA viruses. Finally, a number of E3 ligases inhibit viral transcription, an attractive antiviral target during the lifecycle of negative-sense RNA viruses which must transcribe their genome prior to translation. Through this review, we aim to provide an updated perspective on how these ISGs work together to form a complex network of antiviral arsenals targeting viral RNA processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Yang
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Melody M. H. Li
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bui-Marinos MP, Varga JFA, Vo NTK, Bols NC, Katzenback BA. Xela DS2 and Xela VS2: Two novel skin epithelial-like cell lines from adult African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) and their response to an extracellular viral dsRNA analogue. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 112:103759. [PMID: 32526291 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The skin epithelial layer acts as an important immunological barrier against pathogens and is capable of recognizing and responding to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in human and mouse models. Although presumed, it is unknown whether amphibian skin epithelial cells exhibit the ability to respond to PAMPs such as viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). To address this, two cell lines from the dorsal skin (Xela DS2) and ventral skin (Xela VS2) of the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) were established. Xela DS2 and Xela VS2 cells have an epithelial-like morphology, express genes associated with epithelial cells, and lack senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity. Cells grow optimally in 70% Leibovitz's L-15 medium supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum at 26 °C. Upon treatment with poly(I:C), a synthetic analogue of viral dsRNA and known type I interferon inducer, Xela DS2 and Xela VS2 exhibit marked upregulation of key antiviral and pro-inflammatory transcripts suggesting frog epithelial cells participate in the recognition of extracellular viral dsRNA and production of local inflammatory signals; similar to human and mouse models. Currently, these are the only known Xenopus laevis skin epithelial-like cell lines and will be important for future research in amphibian epithelial cell biology, initial host-pathogen interactions, and rapid screening of the effects of environmental stressors, including contaminants, on frog skin epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph F A Varga
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Nguyen T K Vo
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Niels C Bols
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
El-Asmi F, McManus FP, Thibault P, Chelbi-Alix MK. Interferon, restriction factors and SUMO pathways. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2020; 55:37-47. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
28
|
Stat2 stability regulation: an intersection between immunity and carcinogenesis. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1526-1536. [PMID: 32973222 PMCID: PMC8080578 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00506-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT2) is a member of the STAT family that plays an essential role in immune responses to extracellular and intracellular stimuli, including inflammatory reactions, invasion of foreign materials, and cancer initiation. Although the majority of STAT2 studies in the last few decades have focused on interferon (IFN)-α/β (IFNα/β) signaling pathway-mediated host defense against viral infections, recent studies have revealed that STAT2 also plays an important role in human cancer development. Notably, strategic research on STAT2 function has provided evidence that transient regulatory activity by homo- or heterodimerization induces its nuclear localization where it to forms a ternary IFN-stimulated gene factor 3 (ISGF3) complex, which is composed of STAT1 and/or STAT2 and IFN regulatory factor 9 (IEF9). The molecular mechanisms of ISGF3-mediated ISG gene expression provide the basic foundation for the regulation of STAT2 protein activity but not protein quality control. Recently, previously unknown molecular mechanisms of STAT2-mediated cell proliferation via STAT2 protein quality control were elucidated. In this review, we briefly summarize the role of STAT2 in immune responses and carcinogenesis with respect to the molecular mechanisms of STAT2 stability regulation via the proteasomal degradation pathway. The activity of STAT2, a protein stimulated by molecular signalling systems to activate selected genes in ways that can lead to cancer, is regulated by factors controlling its rate of degradation. Yong-Yeon Cho and colleagues at The Catholic University of Korea in South Korea review the role of STAT2 in links between molecular signals of the immune response and the onset of cancer. They focus on the significance of factors that regulate the stability of STAT2. One key factor appears to be the molecular mechanisms controlling the degradation of STAT2 by cellular structures called proteasomes. These structures break down proteins as part of routine cell maintenance. Deeper understanding of the stimulation, action and degradation of STAT2 will assist efforts to treat the many cancers in which STAT2 activity is involved.
Collapse
|
29
|
Sato T, Ishikawa S, Asano J, Yamamoto H, Fujii M, Sato T, Yamamoto K, Kitagaki K, Akashi T, Okamoto R, Ohteki T. Regulated IFN signalling preserves the stemness of intestinal stem cells by restricting differentiation into secretory-cell lineages. Nat Cell Biol 2020; 22:919-926. [PMID: 32690888 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-020-0545-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are located at the crypt base and fine-tune the balance of their self-renewal and differentiation1,2, but the physiological mechanism involved in regulating that balance remains unknown. Here we describe a transcriptional regulator that preserves the stemness of ISCs by restricting their differentiation into secretory-cell lineages. Interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2) negatively regulates interferon signalling3, and mice completely lacking Irf24 or with a selective Irf2 deletion in their intestinal epithelial cells have significantly fewer crypt Lgr5hi ISCs than control mice. Although the integrity of intestinal epithelial cells was unimpaired at steady state in Irf2-deficient mice, regeneration of their intestinal epithelia after 5-fluorouracil-induced damage was severely impaired. Similarly, extended treatment with low-dose poly(I:C) or chronic infection of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus clone 13 (LCMV C13)5 caused a functional decline of ISCs in wild-type mice. In contrast, massive accumulations of immature Paneth cells were found at the crypt base of Irf2-/- as well as LCMV C13-infected wild-type mice, indicating that excess interferon signalling directs ISCs towards a secretory-cell fate. Collectively, our findings indicate that regulated interferon signalling preserves ISC stemness by restricting secretory-cell differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taku Sato
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shun Ishikawa
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jumpei Asano
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirona Yamamoto
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fujii
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Organoid Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouhei Yamamoto
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kitagaki
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Akashi
- Division of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Hospital, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Okamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Ohteki
- Department of Biodefense Research, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
James CD, Das D, Bristol ML, Morgan IM. Activating the DNA Damage Response and Suppressing Innate Immunity: Human Papillomaviruses Walk the Line. Pathogens 2020; 9:E467. [PMID: 32545729 PMCID: PMC7350329 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9060467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the DNA damage response (DDR) by external agents can result in DNA fragments entering the cytoplasm and activating innate immune signaling pathways, including the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway. The consequences of this activation can result in alterations in the cell cycle including the induction of cellular senescence, as well as boost the adaptive immune response following interferon production. Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents in a host of human cancers including cervical and oropharyngeal; HPV are responsible for around 5% of all cancers. During infection, HPV replication activates the DDR in order to promote the viral life cycle. A striking feature of HPV-infected cells is their ability to continue to proliferate in the presence of an active DDR. Simultaneously, HPV suppress the innate immune response using a number of different mechanisms. The activation of the DDR and suppression of the innate immune response are essential for the progression of the viral life cycle. Here, we describe the mechanisms HPV use to turn on the DDR, while simultaneously suppressing the innate immune response. Pushing HPV from this fine line and tipping the balance towards activation of the innate immune response would be therapeutically beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire D. James
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (C.D.J.); (D.D.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Dipon Das
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (C.D.J.); (D.D.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Molly L. Bristol
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (C.D.J.); (D.D.); (M.L.B.)
| | - Iain M. Morgan
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), Richmond, VA 23298, USA; (C.D.J.); (D.D.); (M.L.B.)
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Fanunza E, Frau A, Corona A, Tramontano E. Insights into Ebola Virus VP35 and VP24 Interferon Inhibitory Functions and their Initial Exploitation as Drug Targets. Infect Disord Drug Targets 2020; 19:362-374. [PMID: 30468131 DOI: 10.2174/1871526519666181123145540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Upon viral infection, the interferon (IFN) system triggers potent antiviral mechanisms limiting viral growth and spread. Hence, to sustain their infection, viruses evolved efficient counteracting strategies to evade IFN control. Ebola virus (EBOV), member of the family Filoviridae, is one of the most virulent and deadly pathogen ever faced by humans. The etiological agent of the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), EBOV can be undoubtedly considered the perfect example of a powerful inhibitor of the host organism immune response activation. Particularly, the efficacious suppression of the IFN cascade contributes to disease progression and severity. Among the EBOVencoded proteins, the Viral Proteins 35 (VP35) and 24 (VP24) are responsible for the EBOV extreme virulence, representing the core of such inhibitory function through which EBOV determines its very effective shield to the cellular immune defenses. VP35 inhibits the activation of the cascade leading to IFN production, while VP24 inhibits the activation of the IFN-stimulated genes. A number of studies demonstrated that both VP35 and VP24 is validated target for drug development. Insights into the structural characteristics of VP35 and VP24 domains revealed crucial pockets exploitable for drug development. Considered the lack of therapy for EVD, restoring the immune activation is a promising approach for drug development. In the present review, we summarize the importance of VP35 and VP24 proteins in counteracting the host IFN cellular response and discuss their potential as druggable viral targets as a promising approach toward attenuation of EBOV virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fanunza
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Aldo Frau
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Angela Corona
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Enzo Tramontano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy.,Genetics and Biomedical Research Institute, National Research Council, Monserrato, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Walter KR, Balko JM, Hagan CR. Progesterone receptor promotes degradation of STAT2 to inhibit the interferon response in breast cancer. Oncoimmunology 2020; 9:1758547. [PMID: 32391191 PMCID: PMC7199813 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2020.1758547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I (IFNα/β) interferon signaling represents a critical transduction pathway involved in recognition and destruction of nascent tumor cells. Downregulation of this pathway to promote a more immunosuppressed microenvironment contributes to the ability of tumor cells to evade the immune system, a known Hallmark of Cancer. The present study investigates the progesterone receptor (PR), which is expressed in the vast majority of breast cancers, and its ability to inhibit efficient interferon signaling in tumor cells. We have shown that PR can block the interferon signaling cascade by promoting ubiquitination and degradation of STAT2. Targeting STAT2 is critical, as we show that it is an essential protein in inducing transcription of interferon-stimulated genes (ISG); shRNA-mediated knockdown of STAT2 severely abrogates the interferon response in vitro. Importantly, we were able to reverse this inhibition by treating with onapristone, an anti-progestin currently being investigated in breast cancer clinical trials. Additionally, we have found that an interferon-related gene signature (composed of ISGs) is inversely correlated with PR expression in human tumors. We speculate that PR inhibition of interferon signaling may contribute to creating an immunosuppressed microenvironment and reversal of this through anti-progestins may present a novel therapeutic target to promote immune activity within the tumor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Walter
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Justin M Balko
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, and Breast Cancer Research Program, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christy R Hagan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
James CD, Fontan CT, Otoa R, Das D, Prabhakar AT, Wang X, Bristol ML, Morgan IM. Human Papillomavirus 16 E6 and E7 Synergistically Repress Innate Immune Gene Transcription. mSphere 2020; 5:e00828-19. [PMID: 31915229 PMCID: PMC6952203 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00828-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are causative agents in 5% of all cancers, including the majority of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Downregulation of innate immune genes (IIGs) by HPV to promote the viral life cycle is well documented; E6 and E7 are known repressors of these genes. More recently, we demonstrated that E2 could also repress IIGs. These studies have been carried out in cells overexpressing the viral proteins, and to further investigate the role of individual viral proteins in this repression, we introduced stop codons into E6 and/or E7 in the entire HPV16 genome and generated N/Tert-1 cells stably maintaining the HPV16 genomes. We demonstrate that E6 or E7 individually is not sufficient to repress IIG expression in the context of the entire HPV16 genome; both are required for a synergistic repression. The DNA damage response (DDR) is activated by HPV16 irrespective of E6 and E7 expression, presumably due to viral replication; E1 is a known activator of the DDR. In addition, replication stress was apparent in HPV16-positive cells lacking E6 and E7, manifested by attenuated cellular growth and activation of replication stress genes. These studies led us to the following model. Viral replication per se can activate the DDR following infection, and this activation is a known inducer of IIG expression, which may induce cellular senescence. To combat this, E6 and E7 synergistically combine to manipulate the DDR and actively repress innate immune gene expression promoting cellular growth; neither protein by itself is able to do this.IMPORTANCE The role of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16) in human cancers is well established; however, to date there are no antiviral therapeutics that are available for combatting these cancers. To identify such targets, we must enhance the understanding of the viral life cycle. Innate immune genes (IIGs) are repressed by HPV16, and we have reported that this repression persists through to cancer. Reversal of this repression would boost the immune response to HPV16-positive tumors, an area that is becoming more important given the advances in immunotherapy. This report demonstrates that E6 and E7 synergistically repress IIG expression in the context of the entire HPV16 genome. Removal of either protein activates the expression of IIGs by HPV16. Therefore, gaining a precise understanding of how the viral oncogenes repress IIG expression represents an opportunity to reverse this repression and boost the immune response to HPV16 infections for therapeutic gain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire D James
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Christian T Fontan
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Raymonde Otoa
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Dipon Das
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Apurva T Prabhakar
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Molly L Bristol
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Iain M Morgan
- Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
TYK2 in Tumor Immunosurveillance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010150. [PMID: 31936322 PMCID: PMC7017180 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the history of the tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) as the founding member of the Janus kinase (JAK) family and outline its structure-function relation. Gene-targeted mice and hereditary defects of TYK2 in men have established the biological and pathological functions of TYK2 in innate and adaptive immune responses to infection and cancer and in (auto-)inflammation. We describe the architecture of the main cytokine receptor families associated with TYK2, which activate signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). We summarize the cytokine receptor activities with well characterized dependency on TYK2, the types of cells that respond to cytokines and TYK2 signaling-induced cytokine production. TYK2 may drive beneficial or detrimental activities, which we explain based on the concepts of tumor immunoediting and the cancer-immunity cycle in the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we summarize current knowledge of TYK2 functions in mouse models of tumor surveillance. The biology and biochemistry of JAKs, TYK2-dependent cytokines and cytokine signaling in tumor surveillance are well covered in recent reviews and the oncogenic properties of TYK2 are reviewed in the recent Special Issue ‘Targeting STAT3 and STAT5 in Cancer’ of Cancers.
Collapse
|
35
|
Guan A, Liu D, Yang J, Li Y, Zhou P, Jin H, Luo R. Molecular cloning and functional characterization of duck TYK2. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 102:103474. [PMID: 31437526 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2019.103474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), a member of Janus kinase family, has been identified as a crucial protein in signal transduction initiated by interferons or interleukins in mammals. However, the function of avian TYK2 in innate immune response remains largely unknown. In this study, the full-length duck TYK2 (duTYK2) cDNA was cloned for the first time, which encoded a putative protein of 1187 amino acid residues and showed the high sequence similarity with bald eagle, crested ibis, and white-tailed tropicbird TYK2s. The duTYK2 was widely expressed in all examined tissues of healthy ducks and showed diffuse cytoplasmic localization in duck embryo fibroblasts (DEFs). Overexpression of duTYK2 significantly enhanced ISRE promoter activity and induced the expression of viperin, PKR, 2',5'-OAS, Mx and ZAP in DEFs. The C-terminal kinase domain of duTYK2 is essential for duTYK2-mediated ISRE promoter activation. Furthermore, knockdown of duTYK2 dramatically decreased duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV)-, duck enteritis virus (DEV)-, poly(I:C)- or poly(dA:dT)-induced ISRE promoter activation. Additionally, duTYK2 expression exhibited antiviral activity against DTMUV. These results indicated that duTYK2 played a critical role in duck antiviral innate immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aohan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Dejian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Jinyue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yaqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Hui Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Rui Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, the Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ashley CL, Abendroth A, McSharry BP, Slobedman B. Interferon-Independent Innate Responses to Cytomegalovirus. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2751. [PMID: 31921100 PMCID: PMC6917592 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The critical role of interferons (IFNs) in mediating the innate immune response to cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is well established. However, in recent years the functional importance of the IFN-independent antiviral response has become clearer. IFN-independent, IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3)-dependent interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) regulation in the context of CMV infection was first documented 20 years ago. Since then several IFN-independent, IRF3-dependent ISGs have been characterized and found to be among the most influential in the innate response to CMV. These include virus inhibitory protein, endoplasmic reticulum-associated IFN-inducible (viperin), ISG15, members of the interferon inducible protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT) family, interferon-inducible transmembrane (IFITM) proteins and myxovirus resistance proteins A and B (MxA, MxB). IRF3-independent, IFN-independent activation of canonically IFN-dependent signaling pathways has also been documented, such as IFN-independent biphasic activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) during infection of monocytes, differential roles of mitochondrial and peroxisomal mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS), and the ability of human CMV (HCMV) immediate early protein 1 (IE1) protein to reroute IL-6 signaling and activation of STAT1 and its associated ISGs. This review examines the role of identified IFN-independent ISGs in the antiviral response to CMV and describes pathways of IFN-independent innate immune response induction by CMV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline L Ashley
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Allison Abendroth
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian P McSharry
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,School of Microbiology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.,APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Barry Slobedman
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mariani MK, Dasmeh P, Fortin A, Caron E, Kalamujic M, Harrison AN, Hotea DI, Kasumba DM, Cervantes-Ortiz SL, Mukawera E, Serohijos AWR, Grandvaux N. The Combination of IFN β and TNF Induces an Antiviral and Immunoregulatory Program via Non-Canonical Pathways Involving STAT2 and IRF9. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080919. [PMID: 31426476 PMCID: PMC6721756 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon (IFN) β and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) are key players in immunity against viruses. Compelling evidence has shown that the antiviral and inflammatory transcriptional response induced by IFNβ is reprogrammed by crosstalk with TNF. IFNβ mainly induces interferon-stimulated genes by the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway involving the canonical ISGF3 transcriptional complex, composed of STAT1, STAT2, and IRF9. The signaling pathways engaged downstream of the combination of IFNβ and TNF remain elusive, but previous observations suggested the existence of a response independent of STAT1. Here, using genome-wide transcriptional analysis by RNASeq, we observed a broad antiviral and immunoregulatory response initiated in the absence of STAT1 upon IFNβ and TNF costimulation. Additional stratification of this transcriptional response revealed that STAT2 and IRF9 mediate the expression of a wide spectrum of genes. While a subset of genes was regulated by the concerted action of STAT2 and IRF9, other gene sets were independently regulated by STAT2 or IRF9. Collectively, our data supports a model in which STAT2 and IRF9 act through non-canonical parallel pathways to regulate distinct pool of antiviral and immunoregulatory genes in conditions with elevated levels of both IFNβ and TNF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa K Mariani
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Pouria Dasmeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre Robert Cedergren en Bioinformatique et Génomique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Audray Fortin
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Elise Caron
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Mario Kalamujic
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Alexander N Harrison
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Diana I Hotea
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Dacquin M Kasumba
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Sandra L Cervantes-Ortiz
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Espérance Mukawera
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Adrian W R Serohijos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Centre Robert Cedergren en Bioinformatique et Génomique, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Nathalie Grandvaux
- CRCHUM-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Joyce MA, Berry-Wynne KM, dos Santos T, Addison WR, McFarlane N, Hobman T, Tyrrell DL. HCV and flaviviruses hijack cellular mechanisms for nuclear STAT2 degradation: Up-regulation of PDLIM2 suppresses the innate immune response. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1007949. [PMID: 31374104 PMCID: PMC6677295 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Host encounters with viruses lead to an innate immune response that must be rapid and broadly targeted but also tightly regulated to avoid the detrimental effects of unregulated interferon expression. Viral stimulation of host negative regulatory mechanisms is an alternate method of suppressing the host innate immune response. We examined three key mediators of the innate immune response: NF-KB, STAT1 and STAT2 during HCV infection in order to investigate the paradoxical induction of an innate immune response by HCV despite a multitude of mechanisms combating the host response. During infection, we find that all three are repressed only in HCV infected cells but not in uninfected bystander cells, both in vivo in chimeric mouse livers and in cultured Huh7.5 cells after IFNα treatment. We show here that HCV and Flaviviruses suppress the innate immune response by upregulation of PDLIM2, independent of the host interferon response. We show PDLIM2 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that also acts to stimulate nuclear degradation of STAT2. Interferon dependent relocalization of STAT1/2 to the nucleus leads to PDLIM2 ubiquitination of STAT2 but not STAT1 and the proteasome-dependent degradation of STAT2, predominantly within the nucleus. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of PDLIM2 results in increased levels of STAT2 following IFNα treatment, retention of STAT2 within the nucleus of HCV infected cells after IFNα stimulation, increased interferon response, and increased resistance to infection by several flaviviruses, indicating that PDLIM2 is a global regulator of the interferon response. The response of cells to an invading pathogen must be swift and well controlled because of the detrimental effects of chronic inflammation. However, viruses often hijack host control mechanisms. HCV and flaviviruses are known to suppress the innate immune response in cells by a variety of mechanisms. This study clarifies and expands a specific cellular mechanism for global control of the antiviral response after the induction of interferon expression. It shows how several viruses hijack this control mechanism to suppress the innate interferon response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Joyce
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail: (MAJ); (DLT)
| | - Karyn M. Berry-Wynne
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Theodore dos Santos
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - William R. Addison
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nicola McFarlane
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tom Hobman
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - D. Lorne Tyrrell
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail: (MAJ); (DLT)
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Platanitis E, Demiroz D, Schneller A, Fischer K, Capelle C, Hartl M, Gossenreiter T, Müller M, Novatchkova M, Decker T. A molecular switch from STAT2-IRF9 to ISGF3 underlies interferon-induced gene transcription. Nat Commun 2019; 10:2921. [PMID: 31266943 PMCID: PMC6606597 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10970-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells maintain the balance between homeostasis and inflammation by adapting and integrating the activity of intracellular signaling cascades, including the JAK-STAT pathway. Our understanding of how a tailored switch from homeostasis to a strong receptor-dependent response is coordinated remains limited. Here, we use an integrated transcriptomic and proteomic approach to analyze transcription-factor binding, gene expression and in vivo proximity-dependent labelling of proteins in living cells under homeostatic and interferon (IFN)-induced conditions. We show that interferons (IFN) switch murine macrophages from resting-state to induced gene expression by alternating subunits of transcription factor ISGF3. Whereas preformed STAT2-IRF9 complexes control basal expression of IFN-induced genes (ISG), both type I IFN and IFN-γ cause promoter binding of a complete ISGF3 complex containing STAT1, STAT2 and IRF9. In contrast to the dogmatic view of ISGF3 formation in the cytoplasm, our results suggest a model wherein the assembly of the ISGF3 complex occurs on DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Duygu Demiroz
- Max Perutz Labs (MPL), University of Vienna, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Anja Schneller
- Max Perutz Labs (MPL), University of Vienna, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Katrin Fischer
- Max Perutz Labs (MPL), University of Vienna, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | | | - Markus Hartl
- Max Perutz Labs (MPL), University of Vienna, Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | | | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, 1210, Austria
| | - Maria Novatchkova
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences (IMBA), Vienna, 1030, Austria
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Vienna, 1030, Austria
| | - Thomas Decker
- Max Perutz Labs (MPL), University of Vienna, Vienna, 1030, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Convery O, Gargan S, Kickham M, Schroder M, O'Farrelly C, Stevenson NJ. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) protein, p7, suppresses inflammatory responses to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α via signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3. FASEB J 2019; 33:8732-8744. [PMID: 31163989 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800629rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Viruses use a spectrum of immune evasion strategies that enable infection and replication. The acute phase of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is characterized by nonspecific and often mild clinical symptoms, suggesting an immunosuppressive mechanism that, unless symptomatic liver disease presents, allows the virus to remain largely undetected. We previously reported that HCV induced the regulatory protein suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3, which inhibited TNF-α-mediated inflammatory responses. However, the mechanism by which HCV up-regulates SOCS3 remains unknown. Here we show that the HCV protein, p7, enhances both SOCS3 mRNA and protein expression. A p7 inhibitor reduced SOCS3 induction, indicating that p7's ion channel activity was required for optimal up-regulation of SOCS3. Short hairpin RNA and chemical inhibition revealed that both the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) and MAPK pathways were required for p7-mediated induction of SOCS3. HCV-p7 expression suppressed TNF-α-mediated IκB-α degradation and subsequent NF-κB promoter activity, revealing a new and functional, anti-inflammatory effect of p7. Together, these findings identify a molecular mechanism by which HCV-p7 induces SOCS3 through STAT3 and ERK activation and demonstrate that p7 suppresses proinflammatory responses to TNF-α, possibly explaining the lack of inflammatory symptoms observed during early HCV infection.-Convery, O., Gargan, S., Kickham, M., Schroder, M., O'Farrelly, C., Stevenson, N. J. The hepatitis C virus (HCV) protein, p7, suppresses inflammatory responses to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α via signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-mediated induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orla Convery
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Gargan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Cliona O'Farrelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nigel J Stevenson
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Xu X, Li M, Wu C, Li D, Jiang Z, Liu C, Cheng B, Mao H, Hu C. The Fish-Specific Protein Kinase (PKZ) Initiates Innate Immune Responses via IRF3- and ISGF3-Like Mediated Pathways. Front Immunol 2019; 10:582. [PMID: 30984174 PMCID: PMC6447671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PKZ is a fish-specific protein kinase containing Zα domains. PKZ is known to induce apoptosis through phosphorylating eukaryotic initiation factor 2α kinase (eIF2α) in the same way as double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR), but its exact role in detecting pathogens remains to be fully elucidated. Herein, we have found that PKZ acts as a fish-specific DNA sensor by initiating IFN expression through IRF3- or ISGF3-like mediated pathways. The expression pattern of PKZ is similar to those of innate immunity mediators stimulated by poly (dA:dT) and poly (dG:dC). DNA-PKZ interaction can enhance PKZ phosphorylation and dimerization in vitro. These findings indicate that PKZ participates in cytoplasmic DNA-mediated signaling. Subcellular localization assays have also shown that PKZ is located in the cytoplasm, which suggests that PKZ acts as a cytoplasmic PRR. Meanwhile, co-IP assays have shown that PKZ can separately interact with IRF3, STING, ZDHHC1, eIF2α, IRF9, and STAT2. Further investigations have revealed that PKZ can activate IRF3 and STAT2; and that IRF3-dependent and ISGF3-like dependent mediators are critical for PKZ-induced IFN expression. These results demonstrate that PKZ acts as a special DNA pattern-recognition receptor, and that PKZ can trigger immune responses through IRF3-mediated or ISGF3-like mediated pathways in fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowen Xu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Meifeng Li
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chuxin Wu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Dongming Li
- Fuzhou Medical College, Nanchang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zeyin Jiang
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Changxin Liu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Bo Cheng
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Huiling Mao
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Chengyu Hu
- College of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Stanifer ML, Pervolaraki K, Boulant S. Differential Regulation of Type I and Type III Interferon Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E1445. [PMID: 30901970 PMCID: PMC6471306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferons (IFNs) are very powerful cytokines, which play a key role in combatting pathogen infections by controlling inflammation and immune response by directly inducing anti-pathogen molecular countermeasures. There are three classes of IFNs: type I, type II and type III. While type II IFN is specific for immune cells, type I and III IFNs are expressed by both immune and tissue specific cells. Unlike type I IFNs, type III IFNs have a unique tropism where their signaling and functions are mostly restricted to epithelial cells. As such, this class of IFN has recently emerged as a key player in mucosal immunity. Since the discovery of type III IFNs, the last 15 years of research in the IFN field has focused on understanding whether the induction, the signaling and the function of these powerful cytokines are regulated differently compared to type I IFN-mediated immune response. This review will cover the current state of the knowledge of the similarities and differences in the signaling pathways emanating from type I and type III IFN stimulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Stanifer
- Schaller research group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Research Group "Cellular polarity and viral infection" (F140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Kalliopi Pervolaraki
- Schaller research group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Research Group "Cellular polarity and viral infection" (F140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Steeve Boulant
- Schaller research group at CellNetworks, Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Research Group "Cellular polarity and viral infection" (F140), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Evans MR, James CD, Bristol ML, Nulton TJ, Wang X, Kaur N, White EA, Windle B, Morgan IM. Human Papillomavirus 16 E2 Regulates Keratinocyte Gene Expression Relevant to Cancer and the Viral Life Cycle. J Virol 2019; 93:e01941-18. [PMID: 30518656 PMCID: PMC6364038 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01941-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are causative agents in ano-genital and oropharyngeal cancers. The virus must reprogram host gene expression to promote infection, and E6 and E7 contribute to this via the targeting of cellular transcription factors, including p53 and pRb, respectively. The HPV16 E2 protein regulates host gene expression in U2OS cells, and in this study, we extend these observations into telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) immortalized oral keratinocytes (NOKs) that are capable of supporting late stages of the HPV16 life cycle. We observed repression of innate immune genes by E2 that are also repressed by the intact HPV16 genome in NOKs. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data identified 167 up- and 395 downregulated genes by E2; there was a highly significant overlap of the E2-regulated genes with those regulated by the intact HPV16 genome in the same cell type. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting of E2 reversed the repression of E2-targeted genes. The ability of E2 to repress innate immune genes was confirmed in an ano-genital immortalized keratinocyte cell line, N/Tert-1. We present the analysis of data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for HPV16-positive and -negative head and neck cancers (HNC) suggesting that E2 plays a role in the regulation of the host genome in cancers. Patients with HPV16-positive HNC with a loss of E2 expression exhibited a worse clinical outcome, and we discuss how this could, at least partially, be related to the loss of E2 host gene regulation.IMPORTANCE Human papillomavirus 16 (HPV16)-positive tumors that retain expression of E2 have a better clinical outcome than those that have lost E2 expression. It has been suggested that this is due to a loss of E2 repression of E6 and E7 expression, but this is not supported by data from tumors where there is not more E6 and E7 expression in the absence of E2. Here we report that E2 regulates host gene expression and place this regulation in the context of the HPV16 life cycle and HPV16-positive head and neck cancers (the majority of which retain E2 expression). We propose that this E2 function may play an important part in the increased response of HPV16-positive cancers to radiation therapy. Therefore, host gene regulation by E2 may be important for promotion of the HPV16 life cycle and also for the response of HPV16-positive tumors to radiation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Evans
- VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Claire D James
- VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Molly L Bristol
- VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Tara J Nulton
- VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Namsimar Kaur
- VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Elizabeth A White
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brad Windle
- VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Iain M Morgan
- VCU Philips Institute for Oral Health Research, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Molecular Biology, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- VCU Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Wu YH, Tseng CK, Wu HC, Wei CK, Lin CK, Chen IS, Chang HS, Lee JC. Avocado (Persea americana) fruit extract (2R,4R)-1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadec-16-yne inhibits dengue virus replication via upregulation of NF-κB-dependent induction of antiviral interferon responses. Sci Rep 2019; 9:423. [PMID: 30674997 PMCID: PMC6344542 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) caused millions of infections around the world annually. Co-infection with different serotypes of DENV is associated with dengue hemorrhagic shock syndrome, leading to an estimate of 50% death rate. No approved therapies are currently available for the treatment of DENV infection. Hence, novel anti-DENV agents are urgently needed for medical therapy. Here we demonstrated that a natural product (2 R,4 R)-1,2,4-trihydroxyheptadec-16-yne (THHY), extracted from avocado (Persea americana) fruit, can inhibit DENV-2 replication in a concentration-dependent manner and efficiently suppresses replication of all DENV serotypes (1–4). We further reveal that the NF-κB-mediated interferon antiviral response contributes to the inhibitory effect of THHY on DENV replication. Using a DENV-infected ICR suckling mouse model, we found that THHY treatment caused an increased survival rate among mice infected with DENV. Collectively, these findings support THHY as a potential agent to control DENV infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Wu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Kai Tseng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ho-Cheng Wu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ku Wei
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kuang Lin
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ih-Sheng Chen
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsun-Shuo Chang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Research Center for Natural Products and Drug Development, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Li Y, Wu J, Li D, Huang A, Bu G, Meng F, Kong F, Cao X, Han X, Pan X, Fan W, Yang S, Zeng X, Du X. Transcriptome analysis of spleen reveals the signal transduction of toll-like receptors after Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Schizothorax prenanti. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 84:816-824. [PMID: 30393178 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Schizothorax prenanti (S. prenanti), an important species of economical fish in Southwest China, is susceptible to Aeromonas hydrophila (Ah). To understand the immune response to Ah, the transcriptome profiling of spleen of S. prenanti was analyzed after Ah infection. A total of 6, 213 different expression genes (DEGs) were obtained, including 3, 066 up-regulated DEGs and 3, 147 down-regulated DEGs. These DEGs were annotated by KEGG and GO databases, so that the immune-related DEGs (IRDs) can be identified and classified. Then, the interesting IRDs were screened to build heat map, and the reliability of the transcriptome data was validated by qPCR. In order to clarify the mechanism of signal transduction in the anti-bacterial immunity, the signaling pathway initiated by TLRs was predicted. In this pathway, TLR25 and TLR5 mediate the NF-κB and AP-1 signals via MyD88-dependent pathway. Meanwhile, the type I IFN (IFNα/β) induced by IRF1 and IRF3/7 may play an important role in the anti-bacterial immunity. In conclusion, this study preliminarily provides insights into the mechanism of signal transduction after Ah infection in S. prenanti, which contributes to exploring the complex anti-bacterial immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunkun Li
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiayu Wu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Anqi Huang
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Guixian Bu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fengyan Meng
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fanli Kong
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Cao
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xingfa Han
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaofu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, PR China
| | - Wei Fan
- Fisheries Technology Extension Station of Yunnan, Kunming, 660034, PR China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Xiaogang Du
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Parrini M, Meissl K, Ola MJ, Lederer T, Puga A, Wienerroither S, Kovarik P, Decker T, Müller M, Strobl B. The C-Terminal Transactivation Domain of STAT1 Has a Gene-Specific Role in Transactivation and Cofactor Recruitment. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2879. [PMID: 30574148 PMCID: PMC6291510 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
STAT1 has a key role in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity by inducing transcriptional changes in response to cytokines, such as all types of interferons (IFN). STAT1 exist as two splice isoforms, which differ in regard to the C-terminal transactivation domain (TAD). STAT1β lacks the C-terminal TAD and has been previously reported to be a weaker transcriptional activator than STAT1α, although this was strongly dependent on the target gene. The mechanism of this context-dependent effects remained unclear. By using macrophages from mice that only express STAT1β, we investigated the role of the C-terminal TAD during the distinct steps of transcriptional activation of selected target genes in response to IFNγ. We show that the STAT1 C-terminal TAD is absolutely required for the recruitment of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) and for the establishment of active histone marks at the class II major histocompatibility complex transactivator (CIIta) promoter IV, whereas it is dispensable for histone acetylation at the guanylate binding protein 2 (Gbp2) promoter but required for an efficient recruitment of Pol II, which correlated with a strongly reduced, but not absent, transcriptional activity. IFNγ-induced expression of Irf7, which is mediated by STAT1 in complex with STAT2 and IRF9, did not rely on the presence of the C-terminal TAD of STAT1. Moreover, we show for the first time that the STAT1 C-terminal TAD is required for an efficient recruitment of components of the core Mediator complex to the IFN regulatory factor (Irf) 1 and Irf8 promoters, which both harbor an open chromatin state under basal conditions. Our study identified novel functions of the STAT1 C-terminal TAD in transcriptional activation and provides mechanistic explanations for the gene-specific transcriptional activity of STAT1β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Parrini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Meissl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mojoyinola Joanna Ola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Therese Lederer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana Puga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Pavel Kovarik
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Decker
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,University Center Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
El Asmi F, Brantis-de-Carvalho CE, Blondel D, Chelbi-Alix MK. Rhabdoviruses, Antiviral Defense, and SUMO Pathway. Viruses 2018; 10:v10120686. [PMID: 30513968 PMCID: PMC6316701 DOI: 10.3390/v10120686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Small Ubiquitin-like MOdifier (SUMO) conjugation to proteins has essential roles in several processes including localization, stability, and function of several players implicated in intrinsic and innate immunity. In human, five paralogs of SUMO are known of which three are ubiquitously expressed (SUMO1, 2, and 3). Infection by rhabdoviruses triggers cellular responses through the activation of pattern recognition receptors, which leads to the production and secretion of interferon. This review will focus on the effects of the stable expression of the different SUMO paralogs or Ubc9 depletion on rhabdoviruses-induced interferon production and interferon signaling pathways as well as on the expression and functions of restriction factors conferring the resistance to rhabdoviruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faten El Asmi
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France.
| | | | - Danielle Blondel
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS UMR 9198, Université Paris-Sud, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Bhat MY, Solanki HS, Advani J, Khan AA, Keshava Prasad TS, Gowda H, Thiyagarajan S, Chatterjee A. Comprehensive network map of interferon gamma signaling. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:745-751. [PMID: 30191398 PMCID: PMC6235777 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0486-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon gamma (IFN-γ), is a cytokine, which is an important regulator of host defense system by mediating both innate and adaptive immune responses. IFN-γ signaling is primarily associated with inflammation and cell-mediated immune responses. IFN-γ is also represented as antitumor cytokine which facilitates immunosurveillance in tumor cells. In addition, IFN-γ mediated signaling also elicits pro-tumorigenic transformations and promotes tumor progression. Impact of IFN-γ signaling in mammalian cells has been widely studied which indicate that IFN-γ orchestrates distinct cellular functions including immunomodulation, leukocyte trafficking, apoptosis, anti-microbial, and both anti- and pro-tumorigenic role. However, a detailed network of IFN-γ signaling pathway is currently lacking. Therefore, we systematically curated the literature information pertaining to IFN-γ signaling and develop a comprehensive signaling network to facilitate better understanding of IFN-γ mediated signaling. A total of 124 proteins were catalogued that were experimentally proven to be involved in IFN-γ signaling cascade. These 124 proteins were found to participate in 81 protein-protein interactions, 94 post-translational modifications, 20 translocation events, 54 activation/inhibiton reactions. Further, 236 differential expressed genes were also documented in IFN-γ mediated signaling. IFN-γ signaling pathway is made freely available to scientific audience through NetPath at ( http://www.netpath.org/pathways?path_id=NetPath_32 ). We believe that documentation of reactions pertaining to IFN-γ signaling and development of pathway map will facilitate further research in IFN-γ associated human diseases including cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Younis Bhat
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India
- School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, 690525, India
| | - Hitendra S Solanki
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - Jayshree Advani
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Aafaque Ahmad Khan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751024, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Harsha Gowda
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India
| | | | - Aditi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560 066, India.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Platanitis E, Decker T. Regulatory Networks Involving STATs, IRFs, and NFκB in Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2542. [PMID: 30483250 PMCID: PMC6242948 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells engaging in inflammation undergo drastic changes of their transcriptomes. In order to tailor these alterations in gene expression to the requirements of the inflammatory process, tight and coordinate regulation of gene expression by environmental cues, microbial or danger-associated molecules or cytokines, are mandatory. The transcriptional response is set off by signal-regulated transcription factors (SRTFs) at the receiving end of pathways originating at pattern recognition- and cytokine receptors. These interact with a genome that has been set for an appropriate response by prior activity of pioneer or lineage determining transcription factors (LDTFs). The same types of transcription factors are also critical determinants of the changes in chromatin landscapes and transcriptomes that specify potential consequences of inflammation: tissue repair, training, and tolerance. Here we focus on the role of three families of SRTFs in inflammation and its sequels: signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs), interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), and nuclear factor κB (NFκB). We describe recent findings about their interactions and about their networking with LDTFs. Our aim is to provide a snapshot of a highly dynamic research area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterini Platanitis
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Decker
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Yadav K, Singh D, Singh MR. Protein biomarker for psoriasis: A systematic review on their role in the pathomechanism, diagnosis, potential targets and treatment of psoriasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 118:1796-1810. [PMID: 30017989 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is defined as a long-lasting multifactorial inflammatory autoimmune skin condition precisely characterized by delimited, erythematic papules with adherent shiny scales. The conditions are led by hyperproliferative responses of epidermis due to hyperactivation and immature keratinocytes production. The psoriatic skin consists of the thickened epidermal layer, in concurrence with inflammatory exudates in the dermis mainly of dendritic cells, neutrophils, T cells, and macrophages, contributing to the distinct manifestation of psoriatic lesions. It consents to multifaceted and discrete pathology due to the genetic and immunological alteration resulting from abnormal expression of various regulatory and structural proteins. These proteins are associated with various cellular and sub-cellular activities. Therefore, the presence of protein in a pathological cellular environment in the psoriatic lesions as well as in serum could be a great avenue for the insight of pathomechanism, anticipation and diagnosis of psoriasis. Research of protein biomarker in psoriasis is yet a developing realm to be explored by both fundamental and clinical researchers. This review is an attempt to assimilate the current discoveries and revelations of different proteins as a biomarker and their importance in pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and anticipation of both the inflammatory and other dermatological aspects of psoriasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India; National Centre for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India; National Centre for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh 492010, India.
| |
Collapse
|