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Hong M, Zhou X, Zeng C, Xu D, Xu T, Liao S, Wang K, Zhu C, Shan G, Huang X, Chen X, Feng X, Guang S. Nucleolar stress induces nucleolar stress body formation via the NOSR-1/NUMR-1 axis in Caenorhabditis elegans. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7256. [PMID: 39179648 PMCID: PMC11343841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental stimuli not only alter gene expression profiles but also induce structural changes in cells. How distinct nuclear bodies respond to cellular stress is poorly understood. Here, we identify a subnuclear organelle named the nucleolar stress body (NoSB), the formation of which is induced by the inhibition of rRNA transcription or inactivation of rRNA processing and maturation in C. elegans. NoSB does not colocalize with other previously described subnuclear organelles. We conduct forward genetic screening and identify a bZIP transcription factor, named nucleolar stress response-1 (NOSR-1), that is required for NoSB formation. The inhibition of rRNA transcription or inactivation of rRNA processing and maturation increases nosr-1 expression. By using transcriptome analysis of wild-type animals subjected to different nucleolar stress conditions and nosr-1 mutants, we identify that the SR-like protein NUMR-1 (nuclear localized metal responsive) is the target of NOSR-1. Interestingly, NUMR-1 is a component of NoSB and itself per se is required for the formation of NoSB. We conclude that the NOSR-1/NUMR-1 axis likely responds to nucleolar stress and mediates downstream stress-responsive transcription programs and subnuclear morphology alterations in C. elegans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, The USTC RNA Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Xiaotian Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, The USTC RNA Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Chenming Zeng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, The USTC RNA Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Demin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, The USTC RNA Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, The USTC RNA Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Shimiao Liao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, The USTC RNA Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, The USTC RNA Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Chengming Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, The USTC RNA Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Ge Shan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, The USTC RNA Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Xinya Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, The USTC RNA Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China.
| | - Xiangyang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, The USTC RNA Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China.
| | - Xuezhu Feng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - Shouhong Guang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, The USTC RNA Institute, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Biomedical Sciences and Health Laboratory of Anhui Province, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China.
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D’Andrea G, Deroma G, Miluzio A, Biffo S. The Paradox of Ribosomal Insufficiency Coupled with Increased Cancer: Shifting the Perspective from the Cancer Cell to the Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2392. [PMID: 39001453 PMCID: PMC11240629 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16132392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Ribosomopathies are defined as inherited diseases in which ribosomal factors are mutated. In general, they present multiorgan symptoms. In spite of the fact that in cellular models, ribosomal insufficiency leads to a reduced rate of oncogenic transformation, patients affected by ribosomopathies present a paradoxical increase in cancer incidence. Several hypotheses that explain this paradox have been formulated, mostly on the assumption that altered ribosomes in a stem cell induce compensatory changes that lead to a cancer cell. For instance, the lack of a specific ribosomal protein can lead to the generation of an abnormal ribosome, an oncoribosome, that itself leads to altered translation and increased tumorigenesis. Alternatively, the presence of ribosomal stress may induce compensatory proliferation that in turns selects the loss of tumor suppressors such as p53. However, modern views on cancer have shifted the focus from the cancer cell to the tumor microenvironment. In particular, it is evident that human lymphocytes are able to eliminate mutant cells and contribute to the maintenance of cancer-free tissues. Indeed, many tumors develop in conditions of reduced immune surveillance. In this review, we summarize the current evidence and attempt to explain cancer and ribosomopathies from the perspective of the microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo D’Andrea
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics, INGM Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.D.); (G.D.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgia Deroma
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics, INGM Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.D.); (G.D.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Annarita Miluzio
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics, INGM Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.D.); (G.D.); (A.M.)
| | - Stefano Biffo
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics, INGM Fondazione Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.D.); (G.D.); (A.M.)
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Wu H, Yang Y, Yi W, Qiu Y, Ma S, Xu J, Fan Y, Chen Y, Chen Y. Coronin 2B deficiency induces nucleolar stress and neuronal apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:457. [PMID: 38937439 PMCID: PMC11211331 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06852-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the nucleolus is the critical non-membranous organelle within nuclei that is responsible for ribosomal DNA (rDNA) transcription and ribosome biogenesis. The transcription of rDNA, a rate-limiting step for ribosome biogenesis, is tightly regulated to meet the demand for global protein synthesis in response to cell physiology, especially in neurons, which undergo rapid changes in morphology and protein composition during development and synaptic plasticity. However, it is unknown how the pre-initiation complex for rDNA transcription is efficiently assembled within the nucleolus in neurons. Here, we report that the nucleolar protein, coronin 2B, regulates rDNA transcription and maintains nucleolar function through direct interaction with upstream binding factor (UBF), an activator of RNA polymerase I transcriptional machinery. We show that coronin 2B knockdown impairs the formation of the transcription initiation complex, inhibits rDNA transcription, destroys nucleolar integrity, and ultimately induces nucleolar stress. In turn, coronin 2B-mediated nucleolar stress leads to p53 stabilization and activation, eventually resulting in neuronal apoptosis. Thus, we identified that coronin 2B coordinates with UBF to regulate rDNA transcription and maintain proper nucleolar function in neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjiao Wu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- SIAT-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujie Yang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- SIAT-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wanying Yi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Yue Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Shuangshuang Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China
| | - Jinying Xu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- SIAT-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingying Fan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- SIAT-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuewen Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
- SIAT-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ; Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China.
- SIAT-HKUST Joint Laboratory for Brain Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, China.
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González-Arzola K. The nucleolus: Coordinating stress response and genomic stability. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2024; 1867:195029. [PMID: 38642633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2024.195029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The perception that the nucleoli are merely the organelles where ribosome biogenesis occurs is challenged. Only around 30 % of nucleolar proteins are solely involved in producing ribosomes. Instead, the nucleolus plays a critical role in controlling protein trafficking during stress and, according to its dynamic nature, undergoes continuous protein exchange with nucleoplasm under various cellular stressors. Hence, the concept of nucleolar stress has evolved as cellular insults that disrupt the structure and function of the nucleolus. Considering the emerging role of this organelle in DNA repair and the fact that rDNAs are the most fragile genomic loci, therapies targeting the nucleoli are increasingly being developed. Besides, drugs that target ribosome synthesis and induce nucleolar stress can be used in cancer therapy. In contrast, agents that regulate nucleolar activity may be a potential treatment for neurodegeneration caused by abnormal protein accumulation in the nucleolus. Here, I explore the roles of nucleoli beyond their ribosomal functions, highlighting the factors triggering nucleolar stress and their impact on genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katiuska González-Arzola
- Centro Andaluz de Biología Molecular y Medicina Regenerativa (CABIMER), Universidad de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41092 Seville, Spain; Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain.
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Kumar S, Mashkoor M, Balamurugan P, Grove A. Yeast Crf1p is an activator with different roles in regulation of target genes. Yeast 2024; 41:379-400. [PMID: 38639144 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Under stress conditions, ribosome biogenesis is downregulated. This process requires that expression of ribosomal RNA, ribosomal protein, and ribosome biogenesis genes be controlled in a coordinated fashion. The mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) participates in sensing unfavorable conditions to effect the requisite change in gene expression. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, downregulation of ribosomal protein genes involves dissociation of the activator Ifh1p in a process that depends on Utp22p, a protein that also functions in pre-rRNA processing. Ifh1p has a paralog, Crf1p, which was implicated in communicating mTORC1 inhibition and hence was perceived as a repressor. We focus here on two ribosomal biogenesis genes, encoding Utp22p and the high mobility group protein Hmo1p, both of which are required for communication of mTORC1 inhibition to target genes. Crf1p functions as an activator on these genes as evidenced by reduced mRNA abundance and RNA polymerase II occupancy in a crf1Δ strain. Inhibition of mTORC1 has distinct effects on expression of HMO1 and UTP22; for example, on UTP22, but not on HMO1, the presence of Crf1p promotes the stable depletion of Ifh1p. Our data suggest that Crf1p functions as a weak activator, and that it may be required to prevent re-binding of Ifh1p to some gene promoters after mTORC1 inhibition in situations when Ifh1p is available. We propose that the inclusion of genes encoding proteins required for mTORC1-mediated downregulation of ribosomal protein genes in the same regulatory circuit as the ribosomal protein genes serves to optimize transcriptional responses during mTORC1 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Muneera Mashkoor
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Priya Balamurugan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Anne Grove
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Li S, Jin Z, Song X, Ma J, Peng Z, Yu H, Song J, Zhang Y, Sun X, He M, Yu X, Jin F, Zheng A. The small nucleolar RNA SNORA51 enhances breast cancer stem cell-like properties via the RPL3/NPM1/c-MYC pathway. Mol Carcinog 2024; 63:1117-1132. [PMID: 38421204 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are key players in carcinogenesis and development. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) seem to have a crucial influence on regulating stem cell-like properties in various cancers, but the underlying mechanism in breast cancer has not been determined. In this study, we first found that the expression of SNORA51 might be strongly and positively related to BCSCs-like properties. SNORA51 expression was assessed in breast cancer tissues (n = 158 patients) by in situ hybridization. Colony formation, cell counting kit-8, and sphere formation assays were used to detect cell proliferation and self-renewal, respectively. Wound healing and transwell assays were used to detect cell migration. Coimmunoprecipitation and molecular docking were used to determine the underlying mechanism through which SNORA51 regulates BCSCs-like properties. High SNORA51 expression was associated with a worse prognosis, overall survival, and disease-free survival, in 158 breast cancer patients and was also closely related to lymph node status, ER status, the Ki-67 index, histological grade, and TNM stage. Further analysis proved that SNORA51 could enhance and maintain stem cell-like properties, including cell proliferation, self-renewal, and migration, in breast cancer. Moreover, high SNORA51 expression could reduce nucleolar RPL3 expression, induce changes in the expression of NPM1 in the nucleolus and nucleoplasm, and ultimately increase c-MYC expression. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that SNORA51 could enhance BCSCs-like properties via the RPL3/NPM1/c-MYC pathway both in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, SNORA51 might be a significant biomarker and potential therapeutic target and might even provide a new viewpoint on the regulatory mechanism of snoRNAs in breast cancer or other malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zining Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyue Song
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinfei Ma
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ziqi Peng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yiqi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinmiao Yu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Feng Jin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ang Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Huppertz I. Free ribosomal proteins as culprits for nucleolar stress. Mol Cell 2024; 84:1400-1402. [PMID: 38640892 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Nucleolar stress has been consistently linked to age-related diseases. In this issue, Sirozh et al.1 find that the common molecular signature of nucleolar stress is the accumulation of free ribosomal proteins, which leads to premature aging in mice; however, it can be reversed by mTOR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Huppertz
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, 50931 Cologne, Germany; University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cluster of Excellence Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-associated Diseases (CECAD), Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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Sirozh O, Saez-Mas A, Jung B, Sanchez-Burgos L, Zarzuela E, Rodrigo-Perez S, Ventoso I, Lafarga V, Fernandez-Capetillo O. Nucleolar stress caused by arginine-rich peptides triggers a ribosomopathy and accelerates aging in mice. Mol Cell 2024; 84:1527-1540.e7. [PMID: 38521064 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Nucleolar stress (NS) has been associated with age-related diseases such as cancer or neurodegeneration. To investigate how NS triggers toxicity, we used (PR)n arginine-rich peptides present in some neurodegenerative diseases as inducers of this perturbation. We here reveal that whereas (PR)n expression leads to a decrease in translation, this occurs concomitant with an accumulation of free ribosomal (r) proteins. Conversely, (PR)n-resistant cells have lower rates of r-protein synthesis, and targeting ribosome biogenesis by mTOR inhibition or MYC depletion alleviates (PR)n toxicity in vitro. In mice, systemic expression of (PR)97 drives widespread NS and accelerated aging, which is alleviated by rapamycin. Notably, the generalized accumulation of orphan r-proteins is a common outcome of chemical or genetic perturbations that induce NS. Together, our study presents a general model to explain how NS induces cellular toxicity and provides in vivo evidence supporting a role for NS as a driver of aging in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandra Sirozh
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Anabel Saez-Mas
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Bomi Jung
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Sanchez-Burgos
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Eduardo Zarzuela
- Proteomics Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Sara Rodrigo-Perez
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Ivan Ventoso
- Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Lafarga
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain.
| | - Oscar Fernandez-Capetillo
- Genomic Instability Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain; Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Genome Biology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, 171 21 Stockholm, Sweden.
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9
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Dai C, Cui X, Wang J, Dong B, Gao H, Cheng M, Jiang F. CX‑5461 potentiates imatinib‑induced apoptosis in K562 cells by stimulating KIF1B expression. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:107. [PMID: 38356673 PMCID: PMC10865453 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The selective RNA polymerase I inhibitor CX-5461 has been shown to be effective in treating some types of leukemic disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that combined treatments with CX-5461 and other chemotherapeutic agents may achieve enhanced effectiveness as compared with monotherapies. Currently, pharmacodynamic properties of the combination of CX-5461 with tyrosine kinase inhibitors remain to be explored. The present study tested whether CX-5461 could potentiate the effect of imatinib in the human chronic myeloid leukemia cell line K562, which is p53-deficient. It was demonstrated that CX-5461 at 100 nM, which was non-cytotoxic in K562 cells, potentiated the pro-apoptotic effect of imatinib. Mechanistically, the present study identified that the upregulated expression of kinesin family member 1B (KIF1B) gene might be involved in mediating the pro-apoptotic effect of imatinib/CX-5461 combination. Under the present experimental settings, however, neither CX-5461 nor imatinib alone exhibited a significant effect on KIF1B expression. Moreover, using other leukemic cell lines, it was demonstrated that regulation of KIF1B expression by imatinib/CX-5461 was not a ubiquitous phenomenon in leukemic cells and should be studied in a cell type-specific manner. In conclusion, the results suggested that the synergistic interaction between CX-5461 and imatinib may be of potential clinical value for the treatment of tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Dai
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiaopei Cui
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Bo Dong
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Haiqing Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Mei Cheng
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Fan Jiang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Proteomics and Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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10
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Bryant CJ, McCool MA, Rosado González G, Abriola L, Surovtseva Y, Baserga S. Discovery of novel microRNA mimic repressors of ribosome biogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:1988-2011. [PMID: 38197221 PMCID: PMC10899765 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
While microRNAs and other non-coding RNAs are the next frontier of novel regulators of mammalian ribosome biogenesis (RB), a systematic exploration of microRNA-mediated RB regulation has not yet been undertaken. We carried out a high-content screen in MCF10A cells for changes in nucleolar number using a library of 2603 mature human microRNA mimics. Following a secondary screen for nucleolar rRNA biogenesis inhibition, we identified 72 novel microRNA negative regulators of RB after stringent hit calling. Hits included 27 well-conserved microRNAs present in MirGeneDB, and were enriched for mRNA targets encoding proteins with nucleolar localization or functions in cell cycle regulation. Rigorous selection and validation of a subset of 15 microRNA hits unexpectedly revealed that most of them caused dysregulated pre-rRNA processing, elucidating a novel role for microRNAs in RB regulation. Almost all hits impaired global protein synthesis and upregulated CDKN1A (p21) levels, while causing diverse effects on RNA Polymerase 1 (RNAP1) transcription and TP53 protein levels. We provide evidence that the MIR-28 siblings, hsa-miR-28-5p and hsa-miR-708-5p, potently target the ribosomal protein mRNA RPS28 via tandem primate-specific 3' UTR binding sites, causing a severe pre-18S pre-rRNA processing defect. Our work illuminates novel microRNA attenuators of RB, forging a promising new path for microRNA mimic chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carson J Bryant
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Mason A McCool
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | | | - Laura Abriola
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Yulia V Surovtseva
- Yale Center for Molecular Discovery, Yale University, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Susan J Baserga
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
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11
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Dönig J, Mende H, Davila Gallesio J, Wagner K, Hotz P, Schunck K, Piller T, Hölper S, Uhan S, Kaulich M, Wirth M, Keller U, Tascher G, Bohnsack KE, Müller S. Characterization of nucleolar SUMO isopeptidases unveils a general p53-independent checkpoint of impaired ribosome biogenesis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8121. [PMID: 38065954 PMCID: PMC10709353 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43751-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis is a multi-step process, in which a network of trans-acting factors ensures the coordinated assembly of pre-ribosomal particles in order to generate functional ribosomes. Ribosome biogenesis is tightly coordinated with cell proliferation and its perturbation activates a p53-dependent cell-cycle checkpoint. How p53-independent signalling networks connect impaired ribosome biogenesis to the cell-cycle machinery has remained largely enigmatic. We demonstrate that inactivation of the nucleolar SUMO isopeptidases SENP3 and SENP5 disturbs distinct steps of 40S and 60S ribosomal subunit assembly pathways, thereby triggering the canonical p53-dependent impaired ribosome biogenesis checkpoint. However, inactivation of SENP3 or SENP5 also induces a p53-independent checkpoint that converges on the specific downregulation of the key cell-cycle regulator CDK6. We further reveal that impaired ribosome biogenesis generally triggers the downregulation of CDK6, independent of the cellular p53 status. Altogether, these data define the role of SUMO signalling in ribosome biogenesis and unveil a p53-independent checkpoint of impaired ribosome biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Dönig
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Medical Faculty, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hannah Mende
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Medical Faculty, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jimena Davila Gallesio
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kristina Wagner
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Medical Faculty, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Paul Hotz
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Medical Faculty, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Kathrin Schunck
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Medical Faculty, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- PharmBioTec gGmbH, Schiffweiler, Germany
| | - Tanja Piller
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Medical Faculty, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- Sanofi AG, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Soraya Hölper
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Medical Faculty, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- Sanofi AG, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sara Uhan
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology (Campus Benjamin Franklin), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Kaulich
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Medical Faculty, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Matthias Wirth
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology (Campus Benjamin Franklin), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Keller
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology (Campus Benjamin Franklin), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Tascher
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Medical Faculty, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Katherine E Bohnsack
- Department of Molecular Biology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, Humboldtallee 23, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Müller
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, Medical Faculty, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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12
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Lu Y, Wang S, Jiao Y. The Effects of Deregulated Ribosomal Biogenesis in Cancer. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1593. [PMID: 38002277 PMCID: PMC10669593 DOI: 10.3390/biom13111593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosomes are macromolecular ribonucleoprotein complexes assembled from RNA and proteins. Functional ribosomes arise from the nucleolus, require ribosomal RNA processing and the coordinated assembly of ribosomal proteins (RPs), and are frequently hyperactivated to support the requirement for protein synthesis during the self-biosynthetic and metabolic activities of cancer cells. Studies have provided relevant information on targeted anticancer molecules involved in ribosome biogenesis (RiBi), as increased RiBi is characteristic of many types of cancer. The association between unlimited cell proliferation and alterations in specific steps of RiBi has been highlighted as a possible critical driver of tumorigenesis and metastasis. Thus, alterations in numerous regulators and actors involved in RiBi, particularly in cancer, significantly affect the rate and quality of protein synthesis and, ultimately, the transcriptome to generate the associated proteome. Alterations in RiBi in cancer cells activate nucleolar stress response-related pathways that play important roles in cancer-targeted interventions and immunotherapies. In this review, we focus on the association between alterations in RiBi and cancer. Emphasis is placed on RiBi deregulation and its secondary consequences, including changes in protein synthesis, loss of RPs, adaptive transcription and translation, nucleolar stress regulation, metabolic changes, and the impaired ribosome biogenesis checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shizhuo Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110055, China;
| | - Yisheng Jiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110055, China;
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13
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Bryant CJ, McCool MA, Rosado-González GT, Abriola L, Surovtseva YV, Baserga SJ. Discovery of novel microRNA mimic repressors of ribosome biogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.17.526327. [PMID: 36824951 PMCID: PMC9949135 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.17.526327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
While microRNAs and other non-coding RNAs are the next frontier of novel regulators of mammalian ribosome biogenesis (RB), a systematic exploration of microRNA-mediated RB regulation has not yet been undertaken. We carried out a high-content screen in MCF10A cells for changes in nucleolar number using a library of 2,603 mature human microRNA mimics. Following a secondary screen for nucleolar rRNA biogenesis inhibition, we identified 72 novel microRNA negative regulators of RB after stringent hit calling. Hits included 27 well-conserved microRNAs present in MirGeneDB, and were enriched for mRNA targets encoding proteins with nucleolar localization or functions in cell cycle regulation. Rigorous selection and validation of a subset of 15 microRNA hits unexpectedly revealed that most of them caused dysregulated pre-rRNA processing, elucidating a novel role for microRNAs in RB regulation. Almost all hits impaired global protein synthesis and upregulated CDKN1A ( p21 ) levels, while causing diverse effects on RNA Polymerase 1 (RNAP1) transcription and TP53 protein levels. We discovered that the MIR-28 siblings, hsa-miR-28-5p and hsa-miR-708-5p, directly and potently target the ribosomal protein mRNA RPS28 via tandem primate-specific 3' UTR binding sites, causing a severe pre-18S pre-rRNA processing defect. Our work illuminates novel microRNA attenuators of RB, forging a promising new path for microRNA mimic chemotherapeutics.
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14
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Pfister AS. An Update on Nucleolar Stress: The Transcriptional Control of Autophagy. Cells 2023; 12:2071. [PMID: 37626880 PMCID: PMC10453034 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleolar stress reflects a misfunction of the nucleolus caused by a failure in ribosome biogenesis and defective nucleolar architecture. Various causes have been reported, most commonly mutation of ribosomal proteins and ribosome processing factors, as well as interference with these processes by intracellular or ectopic stress, such as RNA polymerase I inhibition, ROS, UV and others. The nucleolus represents the place for ribosome biogenesis and serves as a crucial hub in the cellular stress response. It has been shown to stimulate multiple downstream consequences, interfering with cell growth and survival. Nucleolar stress induction is most classically known to stimulate p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Nucleolar stress represents a friend and enemy at the same time: From a pathophysiological perspective, inactivation of the nucleolar function by mutation or stress conditions is connected to multiple diseases, such as neurodegeneration, cancer and ribosomopathy syndromes. However, triggering the nucleolar stress response via specific chemotherapeutics, which interfere with nucleolar function, has beneficial effects for anti-cancer therapy. Interestingly, since the nucleolar stress response also triggers p53-independent mechanisms, it possesses the potential to specifically target p53-mutated tumors, which reflects the most common aberration in human cancer. More recent data have shown that the nucleolar stress response can activate autophagy and diverse signaling cascades that might allow initial pro-survival mechanisms. Nevertheless, it depends on the situation whether the cells undergo autophagy-mediated apoptosis or survive, as seen for autophagy-dependent drug resistance of chemotherapy-exposed tumor cells. Given the relatively young age of the research field, precise mechanisms that underly the involvement of autophagy in nucleolar stress are still under investigation. This review gives an update on the emerging contribution of nucleolar stress in the regulation of autophagy at a transcriptional level. It also appears that in autophagy p53-dependent as well as -independent responses are induced. Those could be exploited in future therapies against diseases connected to nucleolar stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid S Pfister
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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15
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Chen HF, Gao DD, Jiang XQ, Sheng H, Wu Q, Zheng Q, Zhai QC, Yuan L, Liu M, Xu LF, Qian MX, Xu H, Fang J, Zhang F. TAF1B depletion leads to apoptotic cell death by inducing nucleolar stress and activating p53-miR-101 circuit in hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1203775. [PMID: 37645431 PMCID: PMC10461479 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1203775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TAF1B (TATA Box Binding Protein (TBP)-Associated Factor) is an RNA polymerase regulating rDNA activity, stress response, and cell cycle. However, the function of TAF1B in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is unknown. Objective In this study, we intended to characterize the crucial role and molecular mechanisms of TAF1B in modulating nucleolar stress in HCC. Methods We analyzed the differential expression and prognostic value of TAF1B in hepatocellular carcinoma based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, tumor and paraneoplastic tissue samples from clinical hepatocellular carcinoma patients, and typical hepatocellular carcinoma. We detected cell proliferation and apoptosis by lentiviral knockdown of TAF1B expression levels in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells using clone formation, apoptosis, and Western blotting (WB) detection of apoptosis marker proteins. Simultaneously, we investigated the influence of TAF1B knockdown on the function of the pre-initiation complex (PIC) by WB, and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays verified the interaction between the complexes and the effect on rDNA activity. Immunofluorescence assays measured the expression of marker proteins of nucleolus stress, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays checked the rDNA activity, and qRT-PCR assays tested the pre-rRNA levels. Regarding molecular mechanisms, we investigated the role of p53 and miR-101 in modulating nucleolar stress and apoptosis. Finally, the impact of TAF1B knockdown on tumor growth, apoptosis, and p53 expression was observed in xenograft tumors. Result We identified that TAF1B was highly expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and associated with poor prognosis in HCC patients. TAF1B depletion modulated nucleolar stress and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through positive and negative feedback from p53-miR-101. RNA polymerase I transcription repression triggered post-transcriptional activation of miR-101 in a p53-dependent manner. In turn, miR-101 negatively feeds back through direct inhibition of the p53-mediated PARP pathway. Conclusion These findings broaden our comprehension of the function of TAF1B-mediated nucleolar stress in hepatocellular carcinoma and may offer new biomarkers for exploring prospective therapeutic targets in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang-fei Chen
- The 2nd Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Core Facility, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Dan-dan Gao
- Core Facility, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Xin-qing Jiang
- The 2nd Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Sheng
- Department of Anus & Intestine Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Jiande, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Core Facility, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Quan Zheng
- Core Facility, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Qiao-cheng Zhai
- Core Facility, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Ming Liu
- The Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Li-feng Xu
- The Joint Innovation Center for Engineering in Medicine, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Mao-xiang Qian
- Institute of Pediatrics and Department of Hematology and Oncology, National Children’s Medical Center, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Center for Precision Medicine, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Heng Xu
- Center for Precision Medicine, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Fang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- The 2nd Clinical Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Core Facility, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
- Center for Precision Medicine, The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People’s Hospital, Quzhou, China
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16
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McNamar R, Freeman E, Baylor KN, Fakhouri AM, Huang S, Knutson BA, Rothblum LI. PAF49: An RNA Polymerase I subunit essential for rDNA transcription and stabilization of PAF53. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104951. [PMID: 37356716 PMCID: PMC10365956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The application of genetic and biochemical techniques in yeast has informed our knowledge of transcription in mammalian cells. Such systems have allowed investigators to determine whether a gene was essential and to determine its function in rDNA transcription. However, there are significant differences in the nature of the transcription factors essential for transcription by Pol I in yeast and mammalian cells, and yeast RNA polymerase I contains 14 subunits while mammalian polymerase contains 13 subunits. We previously reported the adaptation of the auxin-dependent degron that enabled a combination of a "genetics-like" approach and biochemistry to study mammalian rDNA transcription. Using this system, we studied the mammalian orthologue of yeast RPA34.5, PAF49, and found that it is essential for rDNA transcription and cell division. The auxin-induced degradation of PAF49 induced nucleolar stress and the accumulation of P53. Interestingly, the auxin-induced degradation of AID-tagged PAF49 led to the degradation of its binding partner, PAF53, but not vice versa. A similar pattern of co-dependent expression was also found when we studied the non-essential, yeast orthologues. An analysis of the domains of PAF49 that are essential for rDNA transcription demonstrated a requirement for both the dimerization domain and an "arm" of PAF49 that interacts with PolR1B. Further, we demonstrate this interaction can be disrupted to inhibit Pol I transcription in normal and cancer cells which leads to the arrest of normal cells and cancer cell death. In summary, we have shown that both PAF53 and PAF49 are necessary for rDNA transcription and cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel McNamar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Emma Freeman
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kairo N Baylor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Aula M Fakhouri
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Sui Huang
- Department of Cell and Development Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Bruce A Knutson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence I Rothblum
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
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17
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Dash S, Lamb MC, Lange JJ, McKinney MC, Tsuchiya D, Guo F, Zhao X, Corbin TJ, Kirkman M, Delventhal K, Moore EL, McKinney S, Shiang R, Trainor PA. rRNA transcription is integral to phase separation and maintenance of nucleolar structure. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010854. [PMID: 37639467 PMCID: PMC10513380 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) by RNA Polymerase (Pol) I in the nucleolus is necessary for ribosome biogenesis, which is intimately tied to cell growth and proliferation. Perturbation of ribosome biogenesis results in tissue specific disorders termed ribosomopathies in association with alterations in nucleolar structure. However, how rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis regulate nucleolar structure during normal development and in the pathogenesis of disease remains poorly understood. Here we show that homozygous null mutations in Pol I subunits required for rRNA transcription and ribosome biogenesis lead to preimplantation lethality. Moreover, we discovered that Polr1a-/-, Polr1b-/-, Polr1c-/- and Polr1d-/- mutants exhibit defects in the structure of their nucleoli, as evidenced by a decrease in number of nucleolar precursor bodies and a concomitant increase in nucleolar volume, which results in a single condensed nucleolus. Pharmacological inhibition of Pol I in preimplantation and midgestation embryos, as well as in hiPSCs, similarly results in a single condensed nucleolus or fragmented nucleoli. We find that when Pol I function and rRNA transcription is inhibited, the viscosity of the granular compartment of the nucleolus increases, which disrupts its phase separation properties, leading to a single condensed nucleolus. However, if a cell progresses through mitosis, the absence of rRNA transcription prevents reassembly of the nucleolus and manifests as fragmented nucleoli. Taken together, our data suggests that Pol I function and rRNA transcription are required for maintaining nucleolar structure and integrity during development and in the pathogenesis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soma Dash
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Maureen C. Lamb
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J. Lange
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Mary C. McKinney
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Dai Tsuchiya
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Fengli Guo
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Xia Zhao
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Timothy J. Corbin
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - MaryEllen Kirkman
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Kym Delventhal
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Emma L. Moore
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sean McKinney
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Rita Shiang
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Paul A. Trainor
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
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18
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Moraleva A, Deryabin A, Kordyukova M, Polzikov M, Shishova K, Dobrochaeva K, Rubtsov Y, Rubtsova M, Dontsova O, Zatsepina O. Human nucleolar protein SURF6/RRP14 participates in early steps of pre-rRNA processing. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285833. [PMID: 37450438 PMCID: PMC10348582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The biogenesis of ribosomes requires tightly controlled transcription and processing of pre-rRNA which comprises ribosomal RNAs forming the core of large and small ribosomal subunits. Early steps of the pre-rRNA processing and assembly of the ribosomal subunits require a large set of proteins that perform folding and nucleolytic cleavage of pre-rRNAs in the nucleoli. Structure and functions of proteins involved in the pre-rRNA processing have been extensively studied in the budding yeast S. cerevisiae. Functional characterization of their human homologues is complicated by the complexity of mammalian ribosomes and increased number of protein factors involved in the ribosomal biogenesis. Homologues of human nucleolar protein SURF6 from yeast and mouse, Rrp14 and Surf6, respectively, had been shown to be involved in the early steps of pre-rRNA processing. Rrp14 works as RNA chaperone in complex with proteins Ssf1 and Rrp15. Human SURF6 knockdown and overexpression were used to clarify a role of SURF6 in the early steps of pre-rRNA processing in human cell lines HeLa and HTC116. By analyzing the abundance of the rRNA precursors in cells with decreased level or overexpression of SURF6, we demonstrated that human SURF6 is involved in the maturation of rRNAs from both small and large ribosomal subunits. Changes in the SURF6 level caused by knockdown or overexpression of the protein do not result in the death of HeLa cells in contrast to murine embryonic fibroblasts, but significantly alter the distribution of cells among the phases of the cell cycle. SURF6 knockdown in both p53 sufficient and p53 deficient HCT116 human cancer cells results in elongation of G0/G1 and shortening of G2/M phase. This surprising result suggests p53 independence of SURF6 effects on the cell cycle and possible multiple functions of SURF6. Our data point to the shift from pathway 1 to pathway 2 of the rRNA biogenesis caused by the SURF6 knockdown and its likely association with p53 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Moraleva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Deryabin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Kordyukova
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Polzikov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Kseniya Shishova
- Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies of the Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Kira Dobrochaeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yury Rubtsov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria Rubtsova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Dontsova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
- SkolTech, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Zatsepina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
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19
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Terzo E, Apte SA, Padhye S, Rashed S, Austin W, Caponegro M, Reddy A, Shi S, Wang C, Clark RB, Sidransky D, Modur V, Badarinarayana V. A Novel Class of Ribosome Modulating Agents Exploits Cancer Ribosome Heterogeneity to Selectively Target the CMS2 Subtype of Colorectal Cancer. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:969-979. [PMID: 37377612 PMCID: PMC10241187 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Ribosomes in cancer cells accumulate numerous patient-specific structural and functional modifications that facilitate tumor progression by modifying protein translation. We have taken a unique synthetic chemistry approach to generate novel macrolides, Ribosome modulating agents (RMA), that are proposed to act distal to catalytic sites and exploit cancer ribosome heterogeneity. The RMA ZKN-157 shows two levels of selectivity: (i) selective translation inhibition of a subset of proteins enriched for components of the ribosome and protein translation machinery that are upregulated by MYC; and (ii) selective inhibition of proliferation of a subset of colorectal cancer cell lines. Mechanistically, the selective ribosome targeting in sensitive cells triggered cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Consequently, in colorectal cancer, sensitivity to ZKN-157 in cell lines and patient-derived organoids was restricted to the consensus molecular subtype 2 (CMS2) subtype that is distinguished by high MYC and WNT pathway activity. ZKN-157 showed efficacy as single agent and, the potency and efficacy of ZKN-157 synergized with clinically approved DNA-intercalating agents which have previously been shown to inhibit ribogenesis as well. ZKN-157 thus represents a new class of ribosome modulators that display cancer selectivity through specific ribosome inhibition in the CMS2 subtype of colorectal cancer potentially targeting MYC-driven addiction to high protein translation. Significance This study demonstrates that ribosome heterogeneity in cancer can be exploited to develop selective ribogenesis inhibitors. The colorectal cancer CMS2 subtype, with a high unmet need for therapeutics, shows vulnerability to our novel selective ribosome modulator. The mechanism suggests that other cancer subtypes with high MYC activation could also be targeted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anupama Reddy
- Vindhya Data Science, Data Science, Morrisville, North Carolina
| | - Shuhao Shi
- Eloxx Pharmaceuticals, Watertown, New York
| | | | | | - David Sidransky
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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20
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Chen CH, Huang YM, Grillet L, Hsieh YC, Yang YW, Lo KY. Gallium maltolate shows synergism with cisplatin and activates nucleolar stress and ferroptosis in human breast carcinoma cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2023:10.1007/s13402-023-00804-x. [PMID: 37067747 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00804-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive disease with poor outcomes. TNBC lacks effective targeted treatments, and the development of drug resistance limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy. It is crucial to identify new drugs that can enhance the efficacy of traditional chemotherapy to reduce drug resistance and side effects. METHODS TNBC cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and Hs 578T, and a normal cell line, MCF-10 A, were included in this study. The cells were treated with gallium maltolate (GaM), and their transcriptome was analyzed. Ferroptosis and nucleolar stress markers were detected by qPCR, western blotting, fluorescence microscopy, and flow cytometry. The impairment of ribosome synthesis was evaluated by northern blotting and sucrose gradients. RESULTS GaM triggered cell death via apoptosis and ferroptosis. In addition, GaM impaired translation and activated nucleolar stress. Cisplatin (DDP) is a chemotherapeutic agent for advanced breast cancer. While single treatment with GaM or DDP at low concentrations did not impact cell growth, co-administration enhanced cell death in TNBC but not in normal breast cells. The enhancement of ferroptosis and nucleolar stress could be observed in TNBC cell lines after co-treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that GaM synergizes with cisplatin via activation of nucleolar stress and ferroptosis in human breast carcinoma cells. GaM is marginally toxic to normal cells but impairs the growth of TNBC cell lines. Thus, GaM has the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent against TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsin Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 6836, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Huang
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 6836, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Louis Grillet
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 6836, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chen Hsieh
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 6836, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Yang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, No.7, Chung Shan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist, Taipei City, 100225, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Yin Lo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 6836, 10617, Taiwan.
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21
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Sasaki S, Murakami T, Yasumuro M, Makita A, Oi Y, Hiragori Y, Watanabe S, Kudo R, Hayashi N, Ohbayashi I, Sugiyama M, Yamashita Y, Naito S, Onouchi H. Upstream open reading frame-mediated upregulation of ANAC082 expression in response to nucleolar stress in Arabidopsis. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2023; 40:21-30. [PMID: 38213914 PMCID: PMC10777128 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.22.1215a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Perturbations in ribosome biogenesis cause a type of cellular stress called nucleolar or ribosomal stress, which triggers adaptive responses in both animal and plant cells. The Arabidopsis ANAC082 transcription factor has been identified as a key mediator of the plant nucleolar stress response. The 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of ANAC082 mRNA contains an upstream ORF (uORF) encoding an evolutionarily conserved amino acid sequence. Here, we report that this uORF mediates the upregulation of ANAC082 expression in response to nucleolar stress. When transgenic Arabidopsis plants containing a luciferase reporter gene under the control of the ANAC082 promoter and 5'-UTR were treated with reagents that induced nucleolar stress, expression of the reporter gene was enhanced in a uORF sequence-dependent manner. Additionally, we examined the effect of an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing reagent on reporter gene expression because the closest homolog of ANAC082 in Arabidopsis, ANAC103, is involved in the ER stress response. However, the ANAC082 uORF did not respond to ER stress. Interestingly, although ANAC103 has a uORF with an amino acid sequence similar to that of the ANAC082 uORF, the C-terminal sequence critical for regulation is not well conserved among ANAC103 homologs in Brassicaceae. Transient expression assays revealed that unlike the ANAC082 uORF, the ANAC103 uORF does not exert a sequence-dependent repressive effect. Altogether, our findings suggest that the ANAC082 uORF is important for the nucleolar stress response but not for the ER stress response, and that for this reason, the uORF sequence-dependent regulation was lost in ANAC103 during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Sasaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Toru Murakami
- Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Miharu Yasumuro
- Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Ayaka Makita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yutaro Oi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Yuta Hiragori
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Shun Watanabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Rin Kudo
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Noriya Hayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Iwai Ohbayashi
- Department of Life Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan R.O.C
- Institute of Tropical Plant Sciences and Microbiology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Munetaka Sugiyama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yui Yamashita
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
| | - Satoshi Naito
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Onouchi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
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22
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Maehama T, Nishio M, Otani J, Mak TW, Suzuki A. Nucleolar stress: Molecular mechanisms and related human diseases. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:2078-2086. [PMID: 36762786 PMCID: PMC10154868 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ribosome biogenesis in the nucleolus is an important process that consumes 80% of a cell's intracellular energy supply. Disruption of this process results in nucleolar stress, triggering the activation of molecular systems that respond to this stress to maintain homeostasis. Although nucleolar stress was originally thought to be caused solely by abnormalities of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and ribosomal proteins (RPs), an accumulating body of more current evidence suggests that many other factors, including the DNA damage response and oncogenic stress, are also involved in nucleolar stress response signaling. Cells reacting to nucleolar stress undergo cell cycle arrest or programmed death, mainly driven by activation of the tumor suppressor p53. This observation has nominated nucleolar stress as a promising target for cancer therapy. However, paradoxically, some RP mutations have also been implicated in cancer initiation and progression, necessitating caution. In this article, we summarize recent findings on the molecular mechanisms of nucleolar stress and the human ribosomal diseases and cancers that arise in its wake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiko Maehama
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Miki Nishio
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Junji Otani
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tak Wah Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Departments of Immunology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pathology, LKS Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Akira Suzuki
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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23
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Comerford SA, Hinnant EA, Chen Y, Hammer RE. Hepatic ribosomal protein S6 (Rps6) insufficiency results in failed bile duct development and loss of hepatocyte viability; a ribosomopathy-like phenotype that is partially p53-dependent. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010595. [PMID: 36656901 PMCID: PMC9888725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Defective ribosome biogenesis (RiBi) underlies a group of clinically diverse human diseases collectively known as the ribosomopathies, core manifestations of which include cytopenias and developmental abnormalities that are believed to stem primarily from an inability to synthesize adequate numbers of ribosomes and concomitant activation of p53. The importance of a correctly functioning RiBi machinery for maintaining tissue homeostasis is illustrated by the observation that, despite having a paucity of certain cell types in early life, ribosomopathy patients have an increased risk for developing cancer later in life. This suggests that hypoproliferative states trigger adaptive responses that can, over time, become maladaptive and inadvertently drive unchecked hyperproliferation and predispose to cancer. Here we describe an experimentally induced ribosomopathy in the mouse and show that a normal level of hepatic ribosomal protein S6 (Rps6) is required for proper bile duct development and preservation of hepatocyte viability and that its insufficiency later promotes overgrowth and predisposes to liver cancer which is accelerated in the absence of the tumor-suppressor PTEN. We also show that the overexpression of c-Myc in the liver ameliorates, while expression of a mutant hyperstable form of p53 partially recapitulates specific aspects of the hepatopathies induced by Rps6 deletion. Surprisingly, co-deletion of p53 in the Rps6-deficient background fails to restore biliary development or significantly improve hepatic function. This study not only reveals a previously unappreciated dependence of the developing liver on adequate levels of Rps6 and exquisitely controlled p53 signaling, but suggests that the increased cancer risk in ribosomopathy patients may, in part, stem from an inability to preserve normal tissue homeostasis in the face of chronic injury and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Comerford
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Hinnant
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yidong Chen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas. United States of America
| | - Robert E. Hammer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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24
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Ballmer D, Tardat M, Ortiz R, Graff-Meyer A, Ozonov E, Genoud C, Peters A, Fanourgakis G. HP1 proteins regulate nucleolar structure and function by secluding pericentromeric constitutive heterochromatin. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 51:117-143. [PMID: 36533441 PMCID: PMC9841413 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleoli are nuclear compartments regulating ribosome biogenesis and cell growth. In embryonic stem cells (ESCs), nucleoli containing transcriptionally active ribosomal genes are spatially separated from pericentromeric satellite repeat sequences packaged in largely repressed constitutive heterochromatin (PCH). To date, mechanisms underlying such nuclear partitioning and the physiological relevance thereof are unknown. Here we show that repressive chromatin at PCH ensures structural integrity and function of nucleoli during cell cycle progression. Loss of heterochromatin proteins HP1α and HP1β causes deformation of PCH, with reduced H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) and HP1γ levels, absence of H4K20me3 and upregulated major satellites expression. Spatially, derepressed PCH aberrantly associates with nucleoli accumulating severe morphological defects during S/G2 cell cycle progression. Hp1α/β deficiency reduces cell proliferation, ribosomal RNA biosynthesis and mobility of Nucleophosmin, a major nucleolar component. Nucleolar integrity and function require HP1α/β proteins to be recruited to H3K9me3-marked PCH and their ability to dimerize. Correspondingly, ESCs deficient for both Suv39h1/2 H3K9 HMTs display similar nucleolar defects. In contrast, Suv4-20h1/2 mutant ESCs lacking H4K20me3 at PCH do not. Suv39h1/2 and Hp1α/β deficiency-induced nucleolar defects are reminiscent of those defining human ribosomopathy disorders. Our results reveal a novel role for SUV39H/HP1-marked repressive constitutive heterochromatin in regulating integrity, function and physiology of nucleoli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ballmer
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland,Faculty of Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu Tardat
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Ortiz
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Graff-Meyer
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Evgeniy A Ozonov
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christel Genoud
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Grigorios Fanourgakis
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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25
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Ishihara Y, Nakamura K, Nakagawa S, Okamoto Y, Yamamoto M, Furukawa T, Kawahara K. Nucleolar Stress Response via Ribosomal Protein L11 Regulates Topoisomerase Inhibitor Sensitivity of P53-Intact Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415986. [PMID: 36555627 PMCID: PMC9784028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleolar stress response is caused by perturbations in ribosome biogenesis, induced by the inhibition of ribosomal RNA processing and synthesis, as well as ribosome assembly. This response induces p53 stabilization and activation via ribosomal protein L11 (RPL11), suppressing tumor progression. However, anticancer agents that kill cells via this mechanism, and their relationship with the therapeutic efficiency of these agents, remain largely unknown. Here, we sought to investigate whether topoisomerase inhibitors can induce nucleolar stress response as they reportedly block ribosomal RNA transcription. Using rhabdomyosarcoma and rhabdoid tumor cell lines that are sensitive to the nucleolar stress response, we evaluated whether nucleolar stress response is associated with sensitivity to topoisomerase inhibitors ellipticine, doxorubicin, etoposide, topotecan, and anthracyclines. Cell proliferation assay indicated that small interfering RNA-mediated RPL11 depletion resulted in decreased sensitivity to topoisomerase inhibitors. Furthermore, the expression of p53 and its downstream target proteins via western blotting showed the suppression of p53 pathway activation upon RPL11 knockdown. These results suggest that the sensitivity of cancer cells to topoisomerase inhibitors is regulated by RPL11-mediated nucleolar stress responses. Thus, RPL11 expression may contribute to the prediction of the therapeutic efficacy of topoisomerase inhibitors and increase their therapeutic effect of topoisomerase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Ishihara
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kiyoshiro Nakamura
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Nakagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masatatsu Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Furukawa
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kohichi Kawahara
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-99-275-5490
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26
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Yan D, Hua L. Nucleolar stress: Friend or foe in cardiac function? Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:1045455. [PMID: 36386352 PMCID: PMC9659567 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1045455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Studies in the past decades have uncovered an emerging role of the nucleolus in stress response and human disease progression. The disruption of ribosome biogenesis in the nucleolus causes aberrant nucleolar architecture and function, termed nucleolar stress, to initiate stress-responsive pathways via nucleolar release sequestration of various proteins. While data obtained from both clinical and basic investigations have faithfully demonstrated an involvement of nucleolar stress in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy, much remains unclear regarding its precise role in the progression of cardiac diseases. On the one hand, the initiation of nucleolar stress following acute myocardial damage leads to the upregulation of various cardioprotective nucleolar proteins, including nucleostemin (NS), nucleophosmin (NPM) and nucleolin (NCL). As a result, nucleolar stress plays an important role in facilitating the survival and repair of cardiomyocytes. On the other hand, abnormalities in nucleolar architecture and function are correlated with the deterioration of cardiac diseases. Notably, the cardiomyocytes of advanced ischemic and dilated cardiomyopathy display impaired silver-stained nucleolar organiser regions (AgNORs) and enlarged nucleoli, resembling the characteristics of tissue aging. Collectively, nucleolar abnormalities are critically involved in the development of cardiac diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daliang Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Lu Hua
- Department of Oncology, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou, China
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27
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Nucleolus and Nucleolar Stress: From Cell Fate Decision to Disease Development. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193017. [PMID: 36230979 PMCID: PMC9563748 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Besides the canonical function in ribosome biogenesis, there have been significant recent advances towards the fascinating roles of the nucleolus in stress response, cell destiny decision and disease progression. Nucleolar stress, an emerging concept describing aberrant nucleolar structure and function as a result of impaired rRNA synthesis and ribosome biogenesis under stress conditions, has been linked to a variety of signaling transductions, including but not limited to Mdm2-p53, NF-κB and HIF-1α pathways. Studies have uncovered that nucleolus is a stress sensor and signaling hub when cells encounter various stress conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, DNA damage and oxidative and thermal stress. Consequently, nucleolar stress plays a pivotal role in the determination of cell fate, such as apoptosis, senescence, autophagy and differentiation, in response to stress-induced damage. Nucleolar homeostasis has been involved in the pathogenesis of various chronic diseases, particularly tumorigenesis, neurodegenerative diseases and metabolic disorders. Mechanistic insights have revealed the indispensable role of nucleolus-initiated signaling in the progression of these diseases. Accordingly, the intervention of nucleolar stress may pave the path for developing novel therapies against these diseases. In this review, we systemically summarize recent findings linking the nucleolus to stress responses, signaling transduction and cell-fate decision, set the spotlight on the mechanisms by which nucleolar stress drives disease progression, and highlight the merit of the intervening nucleolus in disease treatment.
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28
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Lacroix E, Audas TE. Keeping up with the condensates: The retention, gain, and loss of nuclear membrane-less organelles. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:998363. [PMID: 36203874 PMCID: PMC9530788 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.998363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, a growing number of biomolecular condensates have been identified in eukaryotic cells. These structures form through phase separation and have been linked to a diverse array of cellular processes. While a checklist of established membrane-bound organelles is present across the eukaryotic domain, less is known about the conservation of membrane-less subcellular structures. Many of these structures can be seen throughout eukaryotes, while others are only thought to be present in metazoans or a limited subset of species. In particular, the nucleus is a hub of biomolecular condensates. Some of these subnuclear domains have been found in a broad range of organisms, which is a characteristic often attributed to essential functionality. However, this does not always appear to be the case. For example, the nucleolus is critical for ribosomal biogenesis and is present throughout the eukaryotic domain, while the Cajal bodies are believed to be similarly conserved, yet these structures are dispensable for organismal survival. Likewise, depletion of the Drosophila melanogaster omega speckles reduces viability, despite the apparent absence of this domain in higher eukaryotes. By reviewing primary research that has analyzed the presence of specific condensates (nucleoli, Cajal bodies, amyloid bodies, nucleolar aggresomes, nuclear speckles, nuclear paraspeckles, nuclear stress bodies, PML bodies, omega speckles, NUN bodies, mei2 dots) in a cross-section of organisms (e.g., human, mouse, D. melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans, yeast), we adopt a human-centric view to explore the emergence, retention, and absence of a subset of nuclear biomolecular condensates. This overview is particularly important as numerous biomolecular condensates have been linked to human disease, and their presence in additional species could unlock new and well characterized model systems for health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Lacroix
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Timothy E. Audas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Timothy E. Audas,
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29
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Ercc2/Xpd deficiency results in failure of digestive organ growth in zebrafish with elevated nucleolar stress. iScience 2022; 25:104957. [PMID: 36065184 PMCID: PMC9440294 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in ERCC2/XPD helicase, an important component of the TFIIH complex, cause distinct human genetic disorders which exhibit various pathological features. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying many symptoms remain elusive. Here, we have shown that Ercc2/Xpd deficiency in zebrafish resulted in hypoplastic digestive organs with normal bud initiation but later failed to grow. The proliferation of intestinal endothelial cells was impaired in ercc2/xpd mutants, and mitochondrial abnormalities, autophagy, and inflammation were highly induced. Further studies revealed that these abnormalities were associated with the perturbation of rRNA synthesis and nucleolar stress in a p53-independent manner. As TFIIH has only been implicated in RNA polymerase I-dependent transcription in vitro, our results provide the first evidence for the connection between Ercc2/Xpd and rRNA synthesis in an animal model that recapitulates certain key characteristics of ERCC2/XPD-related human genetic disorders, and will greatly advance our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of these diseases. Ercc2/Xpd deficiency results in failure of digestive organ growth in zebrafish Ercc2/Xpd-deficient intestinal endothelial cells exhibit impaired proliferation Mitochondrial abnormalities, autophagy, and inflammation are highly induced rRNA synthesis perturbation leads to nucleolar stress in a p53-independent manner
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Ribosome-Directed Therapies in Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092088. [PMID: 36140189 PMCID: PMC9495564 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The human ribosomes are the cellular machines that participate in protein synthesis, which is deeply affected during cancer transformation by different oncoproteins and is shown to provide cancer cell proliferation and therefore biomass. Cancer diseases are associated with an increase in ribosome biogenesis and mutation of ribosomal proteins. The ribosome represents an attractive anti-cancer therapy target and several strategies are used to identify specific drugs. Here we review the role of different drugs that may decrease ribosome biogenesis and cancer cell proliferation.
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Karyka E, Berrueta Ramirez N, Webster CP, Marchi PM, Graves EJ, Godena VK, Marrone L, Bhargava A, Ray S, Ning K, Crane H, Hautbergue GM, El-Khamisy SF, Azzouz M. SMN-deficient cells exhibit increased ribosomal DNA damage. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:e202101145. [PMID: 35440492 PMCID: PMC9018017 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy, the leading genetic cause of infant mortality, is a motor neuron disease caused by low levels of survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. SMN is a multifunctional protein that is implicated in numerous cytoplasmic and nuclear processes. Recently, increasing attention is being paid to the role of SMN in the maintenance of DNA integrity. DNA damage and genome instability have been linked to a range of neurodegenerative diseases. The ribosomal DNA (rDNA) represents a particularly unstable locus undergoing frequent breakage. Instability in rDNA has been associated with cancer, premature ageing syndromes, and a number of neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we report that SMN-deficient cells exhibit increased rDNA damage leading to impaired ribosomal RNA synthesis and translation. We also unravel an interaction between SMN and RNA polymerase I. Moreover, we uncover an spinal muscular atrophy motor neuron-specific deficiency of DDX21 protein, which is required for resolving R-loops in the nucleolus. Taken together, our findings suggest a new role of SMN in rDNA integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Karyka
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute and Neuroscience Institute, Neurodegeneration and Genome Stability Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nelly Berrueta Ramirez
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute and Neuroscience Institute, Neurodegeneration and Genome Stability Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The Institute of Neuroscience and the Healthy Lifespan Institute, School of Bioscience, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Christopher P Webster
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute and Neuroscience Institute, Neurodegeneration and Genome Stability Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Paolo M Marchi
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute and Neuroscience Institute, Neurodegeneration and Genome Stability Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emily J Graves
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute and Neuroscience Institute, Neurodegeneration and Genome Stability Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Vinay K Godena
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lara Marrone
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Anushka Bhargava
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Swagat Ray
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The Institute of Neuroscience and the Healthy Lifespan Institute, School of Bioscience, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Ke Ning
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute and Neuroscience Institute, Neurodegeneration and Genome Stability Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hannah Crane
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The Institute of Neuroscience and the Healthy Lifespan Institute, School of Bioscience, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Guillaume M Hautbergue
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute and Neuroscience Institute, Neurodegeneration and Genome Stability Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sherif F El-Khamisy
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute and Neuroscience Institute, Neurodegeneration and Genome Stability Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The Institute of Neuroscience and the Healthy Lifespan Institute, School of Bioscience, Firth Court, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- The Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Mimoun Azzouz
- The Healthy Lifespan Institute and Neuroscience Institute, Neurodegeneration and Genome Stability Group, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Ribosomes and Ribosomal Proteins Promote Plasticity and Stemness Induction in Glioma Cells via Reprogramming. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142142. [PMID: 35883585 PMCID: PMC9323835 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal tumor that develops in the adult brain. Despite advances in therapeutic strategies related to surgical resection and chemo-radiotherapy, the overall survival of patients with GBM remains unsatisfactory. Genetic research on mutation, amplification, and deletion in GBM cells is important for understanding the biological aggressiveness, diagnosis, and prognosis of GBM. However, the efficacy of drugs targeting the genetic abnormalities in GBM cells is limited. Investigating special microenvironments that induce chemo-radioresistance in GBM cells is critical to improving the survival and quality of life of patients with GBM. GBM cells acquire and maintain stem-cell-like characteristics via their intrinsic potential and extrinsic factors from their special microenvironments. The acquisition of stem-cell-like phenotypes and aggressiveness may be referred to as a reprogramming of GBM cells. In addition to protein synthesis, deregulation of ribosome biogenesis is linked to several diseases including cancer. Ribosomal proteins possess both tumor-promotive and -suppressive functions as extra-ribosomal functions. Incorporation of ribosomes and overexpression of ribosomal protein S6 reprogram and induce stem-cell-like phenotypes in GBM cells. Herein, we review recent literature and our published data on the acquisition of aggressiveness by GBM and discuss therapeutic options through reprogramming.
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Poulose N, Forsythe N, Polonski A, Gregg G, Maguire S, Fuchs M, Minner S, Sauter G, McDade SS, Mills IG. VPRBP Functions Downstream of the Androgen Receptor and OGT to Restrict p53 Activation in Prostate Cancer. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1047-1060. [PMID: 35348747 PMCID: PMC9381113 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-21-0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) is a major driver of prostate cancer initiation and progression. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), the enzyme that catalyzes the covalent addition of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) to serine and threonine residues of proteins, is often highly expressed in prostate cancer with its expression correlated with high Gleason score. In this study, we have identified an AR and OGT coregulated factor, Vpr (HIV-1) binding protein (VPRBP) also known as DDB1 and CUL4 Associated Factor 1 (DCAF1). We show that VPRBP is regulated by the AR at the transcript level, and stabilized by OGT at the protein level. VPRBP knockdown in prostate cancer cells led to a significant decrease in cell proliferation, p53 stabilization, nucleolar fragmentation, and increased p53 recruitment to the chromatin. In human prostate tumor samples, VPRBP protein overexpression correlated with AR amplification, OGT overexpression, a shorter time to postoperative biochemical progression and poor clinical outcome. In clinical transcriptomic data, VPRBP expression was positively correlated with the AR and also with AR activity gene signatures. IMPLICATIONS In conclusion, we have shown that VPRBP/DCAF1 promotes prostate cancer cell proliferation by restraining p53 activation under the influence of the AR and OGT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninu Poulose
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Corresponding Authors: Ian G. Mills, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom. E-mail: ; and Ninu Poulose,
| | - Nicholas Forsythe
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Polonski
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Department of Pathology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gemma Gregg
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Maguire
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Fuchs
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Minner
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Department of Pathology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf Department of Pathology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Simon S. McDade
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ian G. Mills
- Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom.,Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,Corresponding Authors: Ian G. Mills, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom. E-mail: ; and Ninu Poulose,
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Temaj G, Saha S, Dragusha S, Ejupi V, Buttari B, Profumo E, Beqa L, Saso L. Ribosomopathies and cancer: pharmacological implications. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol 2022; 15:729-746. [PMID: 35787725 DOI: 10.1080/17512433.2022.2098110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ribosome is a ribonucleoprotein organelle responsible for protein synthesis, and its biogenesis is a highly coordinated process that involves many macromolecular components. Any acquired or inherited impairment in ribosome biogenesis or ribosomopathies is associated with the development of different cancers and rare genetic diseases. Interference with multiple steps of protein synthesis has been shown to promote tumor cell death. AREAS COVERED We discuss the current insights about impaired ribosome biogenesis and their secondary consequences on protein synthesis, transcriptional and translational responses, proteotoxic stress, and other metabolic pathways associated with cancer and rare diseases. Studies investigating the modulation of different therapeutic chemical entities targeting cancer in in vitro and in vivo models have also been detailed. EXPERT OPINION Despite the association between inherited mutations affecting ribosome biogenesis and cancer biology, the development of therapeutics targeting the essential cellular machinery has only started to emerge. New chemical entities should be designed to modulate different checkpoints (translating oncoproteins, dysregulation of specific ribosome-assembly machinery, ribosomal stress, and rewiring ribosomal functions). Although safe and effective therapies are lacking, consideration should also be given to using existing drugs alone or in combination for long-term safety, with known risks for feasibility in clinical trials and synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarmistha Saha
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Valon Ejupi
- College UBT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Profumo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases, and Aging, Italian National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Lule Beqa
- College UBT, Faculty of Pharmacy, Prishtina, Kosovo
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
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Lin S, Rajan S, Lemberg S, Altawil M, Anderson K, Bryant R, Cappeta S, Chin B, Hamdan I, Hamer A, Hyzny R, Karp A, Lee D, Lim A, Nayak M, Palaniappan V, Park S, Satishkumar S, Seth A, Sri Dasari U, Toppari E, Vyas A, Walker J, Weston E, Zafar A, Zielke C, Mahabeleshwar GH, Tartakoff AM. Production of nascent ribosome precursors within the nucleolar microenvironment of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 2022; 221:iyac070. [PMID: 35657327 PMCID: PMC9252279 DOI: 10.1093/genetics/iyac070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
35S rRNA transcripts include a 5'-external transcribed spacer followed by rRNAs of the small and large ribosomal subunits. Their processing yields massive precursors that include dozens of assembly factor proteins. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, nucleolar assembly factors form 2 coaxial layers/volumes around ribosomal DNA. Most of these factors are cyclically recruited from a latent state to an operative state, and are extensively conserved. The layers match, at least approximately, known subcompartments found in higher eukaryotic cells. ∼80% of assembly factors are essential. The number of copies of these assembly factors is comparable to the number of nascent transcripts. Moreover, they exhibit "isoelectric balance," with RNA-binding candidate "nucleator" assembly factors being notably basic. The physical properties of pre-small subunit and pre-large subunit assembly factors are similar, as are their 19 motif signatures detected by hierarchical clustering, unlike motif signatures of the 5'-external transcribed spacer rRNP. Additionally, many assembly factors lack shared motifs. Taken together with the progression of rRNP composition during subunit maturation, and the realization that the ribosomal DNA cable is initially bathed in a subunit-nonspecific assembly factor reservoir/microenvironment, we propose a "3-step subdomain assembly model": Step (1): predominantly basic assembly factors sequentially nucleate sites along nascent rRNA; Step (2): the resulting rRNPs recruit numerous less basic assembly factors along with notably basic ribosomal proteins; Step (3): rRNPs in nearby subdomains consolidate. Cleavages of rRNA then promote release of rRNPs to the nucleoplasm, likely facilitated by the persistence of assembly factors that were already associated with nucleolar precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Lin
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Suchita Rajan
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sofia Lemberg
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Mark Altawil
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Katherine Anderson
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ruth Bryant
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sebastian Cappeta
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Brandon Chin
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Isabella Hamdan
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Annelise Hamer
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Rachel Hyzny
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Andrew Karp
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Daniel Lee
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alexandria Lim
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Medha Nayak
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Vishnu Palaniappan
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Soomin Park
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sarika Satishkumar
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Anika Seth
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Uva Sri Dasari
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Emili Toppari
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ayush Vyas
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Julianne Walker
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Evan Weston
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Atif Zafar
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Cecelia Zielke
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Ganapati H Mahabeleshwar
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Alan M Tartakoff
- Pathology Department and The Cell Biology Program, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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p53 at the crossroad of DNA replication and ribosome biogenesis stress pathways. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:972-982. [PMID: 35444234 PMCID: PMC9090812 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00999-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite several decades of intense research focused on understanding function(s) and disease-associated malfunction of p53, there is no sign of any “mid-life crisis” in this rapidly advancing area of biomedicine. Firmly established as the hub of cellular stress responses and tumor suppressor targeted in most malignancies, p53’s many talents continue to surprise us, providing not only fresh insights into cell and organismal biology, but also new avenues to cancer treatment. Among the most fruitful lines of p53 research in recent years have been the discoveries revealing the multifaceted roles of p53-centered pathways in the fundamental processes of DNA replication and ribosome biogenesis (RiBi), along with cellular responses to replication and RiBi stresses, two intertwined areas of cell (patho)physiology that we discuss in this review. Here, we first provide concise introductory notes on the canonical roles of p53, the key interacting proteins, downstream targets and post-translational modifications involved in p53 regulation. We then highlight the emerging involvement of p53 as a key component of the DNA replication Fork Speed Regulatory Network and the mechanistic links of p53 with cellular checkpoint responses to replication stress (RS), the driving force of cancer-associated genomic instability. Next, the tantalizing, yet still rather foggy functional crosstalk between replication and RiBi (nucleolar) stresses is considered, followed by the more defined involvement of p53-mediated monitoring of the multistep process of RiBi, including the latest updates on the RPL5/RPL11/5 S rRNA-MDM2-p53-mediated Impaired Ribosome Biogenesis Checkpoint (IRBC) pathway and its involvement in tumorigenesis. The diverse defects of RiBi and IRBC that predispose and/or contribute to severe human pathologies including developmental syndromes and cancer are then outlined, along with examples of promising small-molecule-based strategies to therapeutically target the RS- and particularly RiBi- stress-tolerance mechanisms to which cancer cells are addicted due to their aberrant DNA replication, repair, and proteo-synthesis demands. ![]()
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Targeting Ribosome Biogenesis in Cancer: Lessons Learned and Way Forward. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092126. [PMID: 35565259 PMCID: PMC9100539 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cells need to produce ribosomes to sustain continuous proliferation and expand in numbers, a feature that is even more prominent in uncontrollably proliferating cancer cells. Certain cancer cell types are expected to depend more on ribosome biogenesis based on their genetic background, and this potential vulnerability can be exploited in designing effective, targeted cancer therapies. This review provides information on anti-cancer molecules that target the ribosome biogenesis machinery and indicates avenues for future research. Abstract Rapid growth and unrestrained proliferation is a hallmark of many cancers. To accomplish this, cancer cells re-wire and increase their biosynthetic and metabolic activities, including ribosome biogenesis (RiBi), a complex, highly energy-consuming process. Several chemotherapeutic agents used in the clinic impair this process by interfering with the transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in the nucleolus through the blockade of RNA polymerase I or by limiting the nucleotide building blocks of RNA, thereby ultimately preventing the synthesis of new ribosomes. Perturbations in RiBi activate nucleolar stress response pathways, including those controlled by p53. While compounds such as actinomycin D and oxaliplatin effectively disrupt RiBi, there is an ongoing effort to improve the specificity further and find new potent RiBi-targeting compounds with improved pharmacological characteristics. A few recently identified inhibitors have also become popular as research tools, facilitating our advances in understanding RiBi. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the various compounds targeting RiBi, their mechanism of action, and potential use in cancer therapy. We discuss screening strategies, drug repurposing, and common problems with compound specificity and mechanisms of action. Finally, emerging paths to discovery and avenues for the development of potential biomarkers predictive of therapeutic outcomes across cancer subtypes are also presented.
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Florian AC, Woodley CM, Wang J, Grieb BC, Slota MJ, Guerrazzi K, Hsu CY, Matlock B, Flaherty D, Lorey S, Fesik SW, Howard G, Liu Q, Weissmiller A, Tansey W. Synergistic action of WDR5 and HDM2 inhibitors in SMARCB1-deficient cancer cells. NAR Cancer 2022; 4:zcac007. [PMID: 35252869 PMCID: PMC8892060 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcac007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhabdoid tumors (RT) are rare and deadly pediatric cancers driven by loss of SMARCB1, which encodes the SNF5 component of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler. Loss of SMARCB1 is associated with a complex set of phenotypic changes including vulnerability to inhibitors of protein synthesis and of the p53 ubiquitin-ligase HDM2. Recently, we discovered small molecule inhibitors of the 'WIN' site of WDR5, which in MLL-rearranged leukemia cells decrease the expression of a set of genes linked to protein synthesis, inducing a translational choke and causing p53-dependent inhibition of proliferation. Here, we characterize how WIN site inhibitors act in RT cells. As in leukemia cells, WIN site inhibition in RT cells causes the comprehensive displacement of WDR5 from chromatin, resulting in a decrease in protein synthesis gene expression. Unlike leukemia cells, however, the growth response of RT cells to WIN site blockade is independent of p53. Exploiting this observation, we demonstrate that WIN site inhibitor synergizes with an HDM2 antagonist to induce p53 and block RT cell proliferation in vitro. These data reveal a p53-independent action of WIN site inhibitors and forecast that future strategies to treat RT could be based on dual WDR5/HDM2 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea C Florian
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chase M Woodley
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Brian C Grieb
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Macey J Slota
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kiana Guerrazzi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chih-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Brittany K Matlock
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - David K Flaherty
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center Flow Cytometry Shared Resource, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Shelly L Lorey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Stephen W Fesik
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gregory C Howard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - April M Weissmiller
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - William P Tansey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Xie SQ, Leeke BJ, Whilding C, Wagner RT, Garcia-Llagostera F, Low Y, Chammas P, Cheung NTF, Dormann D, McManus MT, Percharde M. Nucleolar-based Dux repression is essential for embryonic two-cell stage exit. Genes Dev 2022; 36:331-347. [PMID: 35273077 PMCID: PMC8973846 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349172.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Upon fertilization, the mammalian embryo must switch from dependence on maternal transcripts to transcribing its own genome, and in mice this involves the transient up-regulation of MERVL transposons and MERVL-driven genes at the two-cell stage. The mechanisms and requirement for MERVL and two-cell (2C) gene up-regulation are poorly understood. Moreover, this MERVL-driven transcriptional program must be rapidly shut off to allow two-cell exit and developmental progression. Here, we report that robust ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis and nucleolar maturation are essential for exit from the 2C state. 2C-like cells and two-cell embryos show similar immature nucleoli with altered structure and reduced rRNA output. We reveal that nucleolar disruption via blocking RNA polymerase I activity or preventing nucleolar phase separation enhances conversion to a 2C-like state in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) by detachment of the MERVL activator Dux from the nucleolar surface. In embryos, nucleolar disruption prevents proper nucleolar maturation and Dux silencing and leads to two- to four-cell arrest. Our findings reveal an intriguing link between rRNA synthesis, nucleolar maturation, and gene repression during early development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Q Xie
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Bryony J Leeke
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Chad Whilding
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan T Wagner
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 91413, USA
| | - Ferran Garcia-Llagostera
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - YiXuan Low
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Chammas
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Nathan T-F Cheung
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Dirk Dormann
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Michael T McManus
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 91413, USA
| | - Michelle Percharde
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
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Brown IN, Lafita-Navarro MC, Conacci-Sorrell M. Regulation of Nucleolar Activity by MYC. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030574. [PMID: 35159381 PMCID: PMC8834138 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleolus harbors the machinery necessary to produce new ribosomes which are critical for protein synthesis. Nucleolar size, shape, and density are highly dynamic and can be adjusted to accommodate ribosome biogenesis according to the needs for protein synthesis. In cancer, cells undergo continuous proliferation; therefore, nucleolar activity is elevated due to their high demand for protein synthesis. The transcription factor and universal oncogene MYC promotes nucleolar activity by enhancing the transcription of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and ribosomal proteins. This review summarizes the importance of nucleolar activity in mammalian cells, MYC’s role in nucleolar regulation in cancer, and discusses how a better understanding (and the potential inhibition) of aberrant nucleolar activity in cancer cells could lead to novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella N. Brown
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - M. Carmen Lafita-Navarro
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Correspondence: (M.C.L.-N.); (M.C.-S.)
| | - Maralice Conacci-Sorrell
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Correspondence: (M.C.L.-N.); (M.C.-S.)
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41
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Samejima I, Spanos C, Samejima K, Rappsilber J, Kustatscher G, Earnshaw WC. Mapping the invisible chromatin transactions of prophase chromosome remodeling. Mol Cell 2022; 82:696-708.e4. [PMID: 35090599 PMCID: PMC8823707 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We have used a combination of chemical genetics, chromatin proteomics, and imaging to map the earliest chromatin transactions during vertebrate cell entry into mitosis. Chicken DT40 CDK1as cells undergo synchronous mitotic entry within 15 min following release from a 1NM-PP1-induced arrest in late G2. In addition to changes in chromatin association with nuclear pores and the nuclear envelope, earliest prophase is dominated by changes in the association of ribonucleoproteins with chromatin, particularly in the nucleolus, where pre-rRNA processing factors leave chromatin significantly before RNA polymerase I. Nuclear envelope barrier function is lost early in prophase, and cytoplasmic proteins begin to accumulate on the chromatin. As a result, outer kinetochore assembly appears complete by nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD). Most interphase chromatin proteins remain associated with chromatin until NEBD, after which their levels drop sharply. An interactive proteomic map of chromatin transactions during mitotic entry is available as a resource at https://mitoChEP.bio.ed.ac.uk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itaru Samejima
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Christos Spanos
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Kumiko Samejima
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK
| | - Juri Rappsilber
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK; Technische Universität Berlin, Chair of Bioanalytics, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Kustatscher
- Institute of Quantitative Biology, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK.
| | - William C Earnshaw
- Wellcome Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, Max Born Crescent, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, Scotland, UK.
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Szaflarski W, Leśniczak-Staszak M, Sowiński M, Ojha S, Aulas A, Dave D, Malla S, Anderson P, Ivanov P, Lyons SM. Early rRNA processing is a stress-dependent regulatory event whose inhibition maintains nucleolar integrity. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:1033-1051. [PMID: 34928368 PMCID: PMC8789083 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The production of ribosomes is an energy-intensive process owing to the intricacy of these massive macromolecular machines. Each human ribosome contains 80 ribosomal proteins and four non-coding RNAs. Accurate assembly requires precise regulation of protein and RNA subunits. In response to stress, the integrated stress response (ISR) rapidly inhibits global translation. How rRNA is coordinately regulated with the rapid inhibition of ribosomal protein synthesis is not known. Here, we show that stress specifically inhibits the first step of rRNA processing. Unprocessed rRNA is stored within the nucleolus, and when stress resolves, it re-enters the ribosome biogenesis pathway. Retention of unprocessed rRNA within the nucleolus aids in the maintenance of this organelle. This response is independent of the ISR or inhibition of cellular translation but is independently regulated. Failure to coordinately control ribosomal protein translation and rRNA production results in nucleolar fragmentation. Our study unveils how the rapid translational shut-off in response to stress coordinates with rRNA synthesis production to maintain nucleolar integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Szaflarski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Marta Leśniczak-Staszak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Mateusz Sowiński
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Sandeep Ojha
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- The Genome Science Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anaïs Aulas
- Predictive Oncology Laboratory, Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), Inserm U1068, CNRS UMR7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Dhwani Dave
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sulochan Malla
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- The Genome Science Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paul Anderson
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pavel Ivanov
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shawn M Lyons
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- The Genome Science Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Li H, Zhang H, Huang G, Bing Z, Xu D, Liu J, Luo H, An X. Loss of RPS27a expression regulates the cell cycle, apoptosis, and proliferation via the RPL11-MDM2-p53 pathway in lung adenocarcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2022; 41:33. [PMID: 35073964 PMCID: PMC8785590 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02230-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Depletion of certain ribosomal proteins induces p53 activation, which is mediated mainly by ribosomal protein L5 (RPL5) and/or ribosomal protein L11 (RPL11). Therefore, RPL5 and RPL11 may link RPs and p53 activation. Thus, this study aimed to explore whether RPs interact with RPL11 and regulate p53 activation in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells. Methods The endogenous RPL11-binding proteins in A549 cells were pulled down through immunoprecipitation and identified with a proteomics approach. Docking analysis and GST-fusion protein assays were used to analyze the interaction of ribosomal protein S27a (RPS27a) and RPL11. Co-immunoprecipitation and in vitro ubiquitination assays were used to detect the effects of knockdown of RPS27a on the interaction between RPS27a and RPL11, and on p53 accumulation. Cell cycle, apoptosis, cell invasion and migration, cell viability and colony-formation assays were performed in the presence of knockdown of RPS27a. The RPS27a mRNA expression in LUAD was analyzed on the basis of the TCGA dataset, and RPS27a expression was detected through immunohistochemistry in LUAD samples. Finally, RPS27a and p53 expression was analyzed through immunohistochemistry in A549 cell xenografts with knockdown of RPS27a. Results RPS27a was identified as a novel RPL11 binding protein. GST pull-down assays revealed that RPS27a directly bound RPL11. Knockdown of RPS27a weakened the interaction between RPS27a and RPL11, but enhanced the binding of RPL11 and murine double minute 2 (MDM2), thereby inhibiting the ubiquitination and degradation of p53 by MDM2. Knockdown of RPS27a stabilized p53 in an RPL11-dependent manner and induced cell viability inhibition, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner in A549 cells. The expression of RPS27a was upregulated in LUAD and correlated with LUAD progression and poorer prognosis. Overexpression of RPS27a correlated with upregulation of p53, MDM2 and RPL11 in LUAD clinical specimens. Knockdown of RPS27a increased p53 activation, thus, suppressing the formation of A549 cell xenografts in nude mice. Conclusions RPS27a interacts with RPL11, and RPS27a knockdown enhanced the binding of RPL11 and MDM2, thereby inhibiting MDM2-mediated p53 ubiquitination and degradation; in addition, RPS27a as important roles in LUAD progression and prognosis, and may be a therapeutic target for patients with LUAD. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02230-z.
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Wu M, Lu L, Chen S, Li Y, Zhang Q, Fu S, Deng X. Natural products inducing nucleolar stress: implications in cancer therapy. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:e21-e27. [PMID: 34561998 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The nucleolus is the site of ribosome biogenesis and is found to play an important role in stress sensing. For over 100 years, the increase in the size and number of nucleoli has been considered as a marker of aggressive tumors. Despite this, the contribution of the nucleolus and the biologic processes mediated by it to cancer pathogenesis has been largely overlooked. This state has been changed over the recent decades with the demonstration that the nucleolus controls numerous cellular functions associated with cancer development. Induction of nucleolar stress has recently been regarded as being superior to conventional cytotoxic/cytostatic strategy in that it is more selective to neoplastic cells while sparing normal cells. Natural products represent an excellent source of bioactive molecules and some of them have been found to be able to induce nucleolar stress. The demonstration of these nucleolar stress-inducing natural products has paved the way for a new therapeutic approach to more delicate tumor cell-killing. This review provides a contemporary summary of the role of the nucleolus as a novel promising target for cancer therapy, with particular emphasis on natural products as an exciting new class of anti-cancer drugs with nucleolar stress-inducing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha
| | - Sisi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha
| | - Qiuting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha
| | - Shujun Fu
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha
| | - Xiyun Deng
- Key Laboratory of Translational Cancer Stem Cell Research, Hunan Normal University
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hunan Normal University School of Medicine, Changsha
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jishou University School of Medicine, Jishou, Hunan, China
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Nucleolar Stress Functions Upstream to Stimulate Expression of Autophagy Regulators. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246220. [PMID: 34944838 PMCID: PMC8699128 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Ribosome biogenesis takes place in nucleoli and is essential for cellular survival and proliferation. In case this function is disturbed, either due to defects in regulatory factors or the structure of the nucleolus, nucleolar stress is provoked. Consequently, cells classically undergo cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Induction of nucleolar stress is known to eliminate cells in the background of cancer therapy and paradoxically is also associated with increased cancer formation. Recent reports demonstrated that nucleolar stress triggers autophagy, a conserved pathway responsible for recycling endogenous material. Thus, it was suggested that autophagy might serve as compensatory pro-survival response. However, the mechanisms how nucleolar stress triggers autophagy are poorly understood. Here we show that induction of nucleolar stress by depleting ribosome biogenesis factors or by interfering with RNA polymerase I function, triggers expression of various key autophagy regulators. Moreover, we demonstrate that RNA pol I inhibition by CX-5461 correlates with increased ATG7 and ATGL16L1 levels, essential factors for generating autophagosomes, and stimulates autophagic flux. Abstract Ribosome biogenesis is essential for protein synthesis, cell growth and survival. The process takes places in nucleoli and is orchestrated by various proteins, among them RNA polymerases I–III as well as ribosome biogenesis factors. Perturbation of ribosome biogenesis activates the nucleolar stress response, which classically triggers cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Nucleolar stress is utilized in modern anti-cancer therapies, however, also contributes to the development of various pathologies, including cancer. Growing evidence suggests that nucleolar stress stimulates compensatory cascades, for instance bulk autophagy. However, underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate that induction of nucleolar stress activates expression of key autophagic regulators such as ATG7 and ATG16L1, essential for generation of autophagosomes. We show that knockdown of the ribosomopathy factor SBDS, or of key ribosome biogenesis factors (PPAN, NPM, PES1) is associated with enhanced levels of ATG7 in cancer cells. The same holds true when interfering with RNA polymerase I function by either pharmacological inhibition (CX-5461) or depletion of the transcription factor UBF-1. Moreover, we demonstrate that RNA pol I inhibition by CX-5461 stimulates autophagic flux. Together, our data establish that nucleolar stress affects transcriptional regulation of autophagy. Given the contribution of both axes in propagation or cure of cancer, our data uncover a connection that might be targeted in future.
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In Leishmania major, the Homolog of the Oncogene PES1 May Play a Critical Role in Parasite Infectivity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212592. [PMID: 34830469 PMCID: PMC8618447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania spp. The improvement of existing treatments and the discovery of new drugs remain ones of the major goals in control and eradication of this disease. From the parasite genome, we have identified the homologue of the human oncogene PES1 in Leishmania major (LmjPES). It has been demonstrated that PES1 is involved in several processes such as ribosome biogenesis, cell proliferation and genetic transcription. Our phylogenetic studies showed that LmjPES encodes a highly conserved protein containing three main domains: PES N-terminus (shared with proteins involved in ribosomal biogenesis), BRCT (found in proteins related to DNA repair processes) and MAEBL-type domain (C-terminus, related to erythrocyte invasion in apicomplexan). This gene showed its highest expression level in metacyclic promastigotes, the infective forms; by fluorescence microscopy assay, we demonstrated the nuclear localization of LmjPES protein. After generating mutant parasites overexpressing LmjPES, we observed that these clones displayed a dramatic increase in the ratio of cell infection within macrophages. Furthermore, BALB/c mice infected with these transgenic parasites exhibited higher footpad inflammation compared to those inoculated with non-overexpressing parasites.
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Chen CH, Chou YT, Yang YW, Lo KY. High-dose copper activates p53-independent apoptosis through the induction of nucleolar stress in human cell lines. Apoptosis 2021; 26:612-627. [PMID: 34708319 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-021-01692-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Copper is an essential micronutrient involved in many redox reactions in human cells. However, a high concentration of copper, intake from the environment or abnormal accumulation within cells because of genetic mutation, leads to cell toxicity. This is attributable to oxidative damage, altered gene expression, and functional impairment of the mitochondria. Copper stress also alters the morphology of the nucleolus, but the process has not been fully elucidated. In this study, cells were treated with copper sulfate at 3-9 ppm and examined if a high dose of copper would block ribosome biogenesis. With the incorrect distribution of nucleolar proteins nucleophosmin and fibrillarin to the nucleoplasm, ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing was impaired; 34S rRNA from an abnormal A2 cut increased, and downstream pre-rRNAs decreased. The under-accumulation of 60S subunits was detected using sucrose gradients. From transcriptome analysis, ribosome synthesis-related genes were misregulated. Blockage in ribosome synthesis under copper-treatment induced nucleolar stress and triggered p53-independent apoptosis pathways. Thus, nucleolar stress is one cause of cell death under copper exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Hsin Chen
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chou
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Yang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Yin Lo
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1 Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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Herviou L, Ovejero S, Izard F, Karmous-Gadacha O, Gourzones C, Bellanger C, De Smedt E, Ma A, Vincent L, Cartron G, Jin J, De Bruyne E, Grimaud C, Julien E, Moreaux J. Targeting the methyltransferase SETD8 impairs tumor cell survival and overcomes drug resistance independently of p53 status in multiple myeloma. Clin Epigenetics 2021; 13:174. [PMID: 34530900 PMCID: PMC8447659 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-021-01160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of plasma cells that largely remains incurable. The search for new therapeutic targets is therefore essential. In addition to a wide panel of genetic mutations, epigenetic alterations also appear as important players in the development of this cancer, thereby offering the possibility to reveal novel approaches and targets for effective therapeutic intervention. Results Here, we show that a higher expression of the lysine methyltransferase SETD8, which is responsible for the mono-methylation of histone H4 at lysine 20, is an adverse prognosis factor associated with a poor outcome in two cohorts of newly diagnosed patients. Primary malignant plasma cells are particularly addicted to the activity of this epigenetic enzyme. Indeed, the inhibition of SETD8 by the chemical compound UNC-0379 and the subsequent decrease in histone H4 methylation at lysine 20 are highly toxic in MM cells compared to normal cells from the bone marrow microenvironment. At the molecular level, RNA sequencing and functional studies revealed that SETD8 inhibition induces a mature non-proliferating plasma cell signature and, as observed in other cancers, triggers an activation of the tumor suppressor p53, which together cause an impairment of myeloma cell proliferation and survival. However, a deadly level of replicative stress was also observed in p53-deficient myeloma cells treated with UNC-0379, indicating that the cytotoxicity associated with SETD8 inhibition is not necessarily dependent on p53 activation. Consistent with this, UNC-0379 triggers a p53-independent nucleolar stress characterized by nucleolin delocalization and reduction of nucleolar RNA synthesis. Finally, we showed that SETD8 inhibition is strongly synergistic with melphalan and may overcome resistance to this alkylating agent widely used in MM treatment. Conclusions Altogether, our data indicate that the up-regulation of the epigenetic enzyme SETD8 is associated with a poor outcome and the deregulation of major signaling pathways in MM. Moreover, we provide evidences that myeloma cells are dependent on SETD8 activity and its pharmacological inhibition synergizes with melphalan, which could be beneficial to improve MM treatment in high-risk patients whatever their status for p53. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13148-021-01160-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie Herviou
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Laboratory for Monitoring Innovative Therapies, Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Sara Ovejero
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Laboratory for Monitoring Innovative Therapies, Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Fanny Izard
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Institut Régional du Cancer (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France
| | - Ouissem Karmous-Gadacha
- Laboratory for Monitoring Innovative Therapies, Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Eva De Smedt
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anqi Ma
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Laure Vincent
- Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Guillaume Cartron
- University of Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France.,Department of Clinical Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences and Oncological Sciences, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grimaud
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Institut Régional du Cancer (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France.,University of Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France.,Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Eric Julien
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Institut Régional du Cancer (ICM), 34298, Montpellier, France. .,University of Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France. .,Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 34293, Montpellier, France.
| | - Jérôme Moreaux
- IGH, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,Laboratory for Monitoring Innovative Therapies, Department of Biological Hematology, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France. .,University of Montpellier, 34090, Montpellier, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France.
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SIRT7 Acts as a Guardian of Cellular Integrity by Controlling Nucleolar and Extra-Nucleolar Functions. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091361. [PMID: 34573343 PMCID: PMC8467518 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are key players for maintaining cellular homeostasis and are often deregulated in different human diseases. SIRT7 is the only member of mammalian sirtuins that principally resides in the nucleolus, a nuclear compartment involved in ribosomal biogenesis, senescence, and cellular stress responses. The ablation of SIRT7 induces global genomic instability, premature ageing, metabolic dysfunctions, and reduced stress tolerance, highlighting its critical role in counteracting ageing-associated processes. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms employed by SIRT7 to ensure cellular and organismal integrity with particular emphasis on SIRT7-dependent regulation of nucleolar functions.
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Thoms HC, Stark LA. The NF-κB Nucleolar Stress Response Pathway. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9091082. [PMID: 34572268 PMCID: PMC8471347 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9091082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear organelle, the nucleolus, plays a critical role in stress response and the regulation of cellular homeostasis. P53 as a downstream effector of nucleolar stress is well defined. However, new data suggests that NF-κB also acts downstream of nucleolar stress to regulate cell growth and death. In this review, we will provide insight into the NF-κB nucleolar stress response pathway. We will discuss apoptosis mediated by nucleolar sequestration of RelA and new data demonstrating a role for p62 (sequestosome (SQSTM1)) in this process. We will also discuss activation of NF-κB signalling by degradation of the RNA polymerase I (PolI) complex component, transcription initiation factor-IA (TIF-IA (RRN3)), and contexts where TIF-IA-NF-κB signalling may be important. Finally, we will discuss how this pathway is targeted by aspirin to mediate apoptosis of colon cancer cells.
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