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Wang A, Fan Y, Fu J, Song F, Liu Z, Liu S. Isoniazid derivatization strategy of carboxyl-containing metabolites for LC-MS/MS-based targeted metabolomics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6345-6353. [PMID: 37620605 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04910-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics is a biochemical analysis tool for identifying metabolic phenotypes and used to reveal the pathogenic mechanisms of disease and to inform drug-targeted therapies. Carboxyl-containing metabolites (CCMs) account for an important proportion of the metabolome, but because of the diversity of physical and chemical properties of CCMs in biological samples, traditional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) targeted metabolome analysis methods cannot achieve simultaneous quantification of multiple types of CCMs. Therefore, we proposed for the first time a targeted metabolomics strategy using isoniazid derivatization combined with LC-MS/MS to simultaneously quantify 39 CCMs of 5 different types (short-chain fatty acids, amino acids, bile acids, phenylalanine and tryptophan metabolic pathway acids) with large polarity differences associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and significantly improve the detection coverage and sensitivity. The yields of isoniazid derivative CCMs were high and could guarantee the accuracy of CCM quantification. The LODs of CCMs increased significantly (1.25-2000-fold) after derivatization. The method showed good selectivity, intra-day and inter-day accuracies and precisions, and repeatability. There was no significant effect on the determination of CCMs in terms of matrix effect and recovery. CCMs showed good stability. And CCMs showed good stability under short-term storage and freeze-thaw cycles. At the same time, the regulatory effects of Schisandrae chinensis Fructus and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma (SG) herb pair on CCM metabolic disorders in feces, urine, serum, and the brain of AD rats were elucidated from the perspective of targeted metabolomics. In combination with pharmacodynamic evaluation and gut microbiota analysis, the mechanism of SG herb pair on AD rats was comprehensively understood. In summary, this innovative isoniazid derivatization combined with a targeted metabolomics method has great potential for trace biological lineage analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Yuting Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Jun Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Fengrui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China
| | - Shu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, National Center of Mass Spectrometry in Changchun, Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Chemistry and Mass Spectrometry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, China.
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Xiang L, Wang Y, Liu S, Liu B, Jin X, Cao X. Targeting Protein Aggregates with Natural Products: An Optional Strategy for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11275. [PMID: 37511037 PMCID: PMC10379780 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein aggregation is one of the hallmarks of aging and aging-related diseases, especially for the neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and others. In these diseases, many pathogenic proteins, such as amyloid-β, tau, α-Syn, Htt, and FUS, form aggregates that disrupt the normal physiological function of cells and lead to associated neuronal lesions. Protein aggregates in NDs are widely recognized as one of the important targets for the treatment of these diseases. Natural products, with their diverse biological activities and rich medical history, represent a great treasure trove for the development of therapeutic strategies to combat disease. A number of in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that natural products, by virtue of their complex molecular scaffolds that specifically bind to pathogenic proteins and their aggregates, can inhibit the formation of aggregates, disrupt the structure of aggregates and destabilize them, thereby alleviating conditions associated with NDs. Here, we systematically reviewed studies using natural products to improve disease-related symptoms by reducing or inhibiting the formation of five pathogenic protein aggregates associated with NDs. This information should provide valuable insights into new directions and ideas for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shenkui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Beidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Xuejiao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Xiuling Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Dahchour A. Anxiolytic and antidepressive potentials of rosmarinic acid: A review with a focus on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106421. [PMID: 36096427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders that have emerged as global health concerns. Anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs, such as benzodiazepines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and tricyclics, are the first line used in treating anxiety and depression. Although these drugs lack efficacy and have a delayed response time and numerous side effects, their widespread abuse and market continue to grow. Over time, traditional practices using natural and phytochemicals as alternative therapies to chemical drugs have emerged to treat many pathological conditions, including anxiety and depression. Recent preclinical studies have demonstrated that the phenolic compound, rosmarinic acid, is effective against several neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression. In addition, rosmarinic acid showed various pharmacological effects, such as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, lung protective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, the potentialities of the use of rosmarinic acid in the treatment of nervous system-related disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are less or not yet reviewed. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to present several preclinical and clinical studies, when available, from different databases investigating the effects of rosmarinic acid on anxiety and depression. These studies showed that rosmarinic acid produces advantageous effects on anxiety and depression through its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review will examine and discuss the possibility that the anxiolytic and anti-depressive effects of rosmarinic acid could be associated with its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Dahchour
- Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco.
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Hou T, Netala VR, Zhang H, Xing Y, Li H, Zhang Z. Perilla frutescens: A Rich Source of Pharmacological Active Compounds. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27113578. [PMID: 35684514 PMCID: PMC9182122 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, an important pharmaceutical and nutraceutical crop, is widely cultivated in East Asian countries. In this review, we present the latest research findings on the phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of P. frutescens. Different databases, including PubMed, Scopus, CNKI, Agricola, Scifinder, Embase, ScienceDirect, DOAJ, and Web of Science, were searched to present the best review. In this review, we clearly represent the active constituents responsible for each and every pharmacological activity, plausible mechanism of action, and maximum inhibitory concentrations, as well as IC50 values. Approximately 400 different bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, terpenoids, quinines, phenylpropanoids, polyphenolic compounds, flavonoids, coumarins, anthocyanins, carotenoids, neolignans, fatty acids, polycosanols, tocopherols, and sitosterols, have been reported in the leaves, seeds, roots, and aerial parts of P. frutescens. The bioactive constituents of P. frutescens exhibited different enzyme-inhibition properties, including antihyaluronidase effects and aldose reductase inhibitory, α-glucosidase inhibitory, xanthine oxidase inhibitory, and tyrosinase inhibitory properties. P. frutescens showed strong anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, anti-spasmodic, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, insecticidal, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective effects. Hence, the active constituents of P. frutescens used in the treatment of diabetes and diabetic complications (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy), prevention of hyperuricemia in gout patients, hyper pigmentation, allergic conditions, skin inflammation, skin allergy, atopic dermatitis, periodontosis, androgenic alopecia, gastric inflammation, oesophagitis, carcinogenesis, cardiovascular, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and cerebral ischemic disorders. Furthermore, we revealed the most active constituents and possible mechanisms of the pharmacological properties of P. frutescens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Hou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (V.R.N.); (H.Z.); (H.L.)
- Jinzhong Institute of Industrial Technology and Innovation, North University of China, Jinzhong 030600, China
- Correspondence: or (T.H.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Vasudeva Reddy Netala
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (V.R.N.); (H.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongjiao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (V.R.N.); (H.Z.); (H.L.)
| | - Yun Xing
- Graduate School of Humanities, Nagoya University, Nagoya 4648601, Japan;
| | - Huizhen Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (V.R.N.); (H.Z.); (H.L.)
- Jinzhong Institute of Industrial Technology and Innovation, North University of China, Jinzhong 030600, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (V.R.N.); (H.Z.); (H.L.)
- Jinzhong Institute of Industrial Technology and Innovation, North University of China, Jinzhong 030600, China
- Correspondence: or (T.H.); (Z.Z.)
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Kwon YR, Kim JH, Lee S, Kim HY, Cho EJ. Protective effects of Populus tomentiglandulosa against cognitive impairment by regulating oxidative stress in an amyloid beta 25-35-induced Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Nutr Res Pract 2022; 16:173-193. [PMID: 35392529 PMCID: PMC8971824 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2022.16.2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most representative neurodegenerative disease mainly caused by the excessive production of amyloid beta (Aβ). Several studies on the antioxidant activity and protective effects of Populus tomentiglandulosa (PT) against cerebral ischemia-induced neuronal damage have been reported. Based on this background, the present study investigated the protective effects of PT against cognitive impairment in AD. MATERIALS/METHODS We orally administered PT (50 and 100 mg/kg/day) for 14 days in an Aβ25-35-induced mouse model and conducted behavioral experiments to test cognitive ability. In addition, we evaluated the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in serum and measured the production of lipid peroxide, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in tissues. RESULTS PT treatment improved the space perceptive ability in the T-maze test, object cognitive ability in the novel object recognition test, and spatial learning/long-term memory in the Morris water-maze test. Moreover, the levels of AST and ALT were not significantly different among the groups, indicating that PT did not show liver toxicity. Furthermore, administration of PT significantly inhibited the production of lipid peroxide, NO, and ROS in the brain, liver, and kidney, suggesting that PT protected against oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that administration of PT improved Aβ25-35-induced cognitive impairment by regulating oxidative stress. Therefore, we propose that PT could be used as a natural agent for AD improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ri Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
- Natural Product Institute of Science and Technology, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
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Rosmarinic Acid Attenuates the Lipopolysaccharide-Provoked Inflammatory Response of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell via Inhibition of MAPK/NF-κB Cascade. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15040437. [PMID: 35455434 PMCID: PMC9029490 DOI: 10.3390/ph15040437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic compound that has several bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Here, we further investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of RA on rat A7r5 aortic smooth muscle cells with exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our findings showed that low-dose RA (10–25 μM) did not influence the cell viability and morphology of A7r5 cells and significantly inhibited LPS-induced mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory mediators TNFα, IL-8, and inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Consistently, RA reduced the production of TNFα, IL-8, and NO by A7r5 cells with exposure to LPS. Signaling cascade analysis showed that LPS induced activation of Erk, JNK, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and NF-κB, and RA treatments attenuated the activation of the three MAPKs and NF-κB. Moreover, cotreatment with RA and Erk, JNK, p38 MAPK, or NF-κB inhibitors further downregulated the mRNA expression of TNFα, IL-8, and iNOS, and decreased the production of TNFα, IL-8, and NO by A7r5 cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that RA may ameliorate the LPS-provoked inflammatory response of vascular smooth muscle cells by inhibition of MAPK/NF-κB signaling.
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Kim TH, Bormate KJ, Custodio RJP, Cheong JH, Lee BK, Kim HJ, Jung YS. Involvement of the adenosine A 1 receptor in the hypnotic effect of rosmarinic acid. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112483. [PMID: 34891112 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insomnia, the most common sleep disorder, is characterized by a longer sleep latency, greater sleep fragmentation, and consequent excessive daytime fatigue. Due to the various side effects of prescribed hypnotics, demand for new drugs is still high. Recent studies have suggested the adenosine receptor (AR) as a potential therapeutic target for insomnia, however, clinically useful hypnotics targeting AR are not yet available. In the present study, we evaluated the hypnotic effect of rosmarinic acid, a phenolic compound widely found in medicinal plants, through pentobarbital-induced sleep test, electroencephalography/electromyography (EEG/EMG), and immunohistochemistry in mice. The underlying mechanisms were assessed by pharmacological approach using 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (DPCPX) and SCH5826, antagonists for A1R and A2AR, respectively. Receptor-binding assay and functional agonism were also performed. Our study provides a new evidence that rosmarinic acid has a direct binding activity (Ki = 14.21 ± 0.3 μM) and agonistic activity for A1R. We also found that rosmarinic acid significantly decreased sleep fragmentation and onset latency to NREM sleep, and these effects were abolished by DPCPX. The results from c-Fos immunostaining showed that rosmarinic acid decreased the neuronal activity in wake-promoting brain regions, such as the basal forebrain and the lateral hypothalamus, while increasing the neuronal activity in the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus, a sleep-promoting region; all these effects were significantly inhibited by DPCPX. Taken together, this study suggests that rosmarinic acid possesses novel activity as an A1R agonist and thereby exerts a hypnotic effect, and thus it may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for insomnia through targeting A1R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Ho Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Katrina Joy Bormate
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Kyung Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Uimyung Research Institute in Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yi-Sook Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea.
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The Use of Bioactive Compounds in Hyperglycemia- and Amyloid Fibrils-Induced Toxicity in Type 2 Diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020235. [PMID: 35213966 PMCID: PMC8879577 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It has become increasingly apparent that defective insulin signaling may increase the risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD), influence neurodegeneration through promotion of amyloid formation or by increasing inflammatory responses to intraneuronal β-amyloid. Recent work has demonstrated that hyperglycemia is linked to cognitive decline, with elevated levels of glucose causing oxidative stress in vulnerable tissues such as the brain. The ability of β-amyloid peptide to form β-sheet-rich aggregates and induce apoptosis has made amyloid fibrils a leading target for the development of novel pharmacotherapies used in managing and treatment of neuropathological conditions such as AD-related cognitive decline. Additionally, deposits of β-sheets folded amylin, a glucose homeostasis regulator, are also present in diabetic patients. Thus, therapeutic compounds capable of reducing intracellular protein aggregation in models of neurodegenerative disorders may prove useful in ameliorating type 2 diabetes mellitus symptoms. Furthermore, both diabetes and neurodegenerative conditions, such as AD, are characterized by chronic inflammatory responses accompanied by the presence of dysregulated inflammatory biomarkers. This review presents current evidence describing the role of various small bioactive molecules known to ameliorate amyloidosis and subsequent effects in prevention and development of diabetes and AD. It also highlights the potential efficacy of peptide–drug conjugates capable of targeting intracellular targets.
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Kang HB, Kim SH, Uhm SH, Kim DK, Lee NS, Jeong YG, Sung NY, Kim DS, Han IJ, Yoo YC, Han SY. Perilla frutescens Leaf Extract Attenuates Vascular Dementia-Associated Memory Deficits, Neuronal Damages, and Microglial Activation. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:257-272. [PMID: 35723398 PMCID: PMC8929086 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular dementia (VaD) is characterized by a time-dependent memory deficit and essentially combined with evidence of neuroinflammation. Thus, polyphenol-rich natural plants, which possess anti-inflammatory properties, have received much scientific attention. This study investigated whether Perilla frutescens leaf extract (PFL) exerts therapeutic efficacy against VaD. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into five groups: SO, sham-operated and vehicle treatment; OP, operated and vehicle treatment; PFL-L, operated and low-dose (30 mg/kg) PFL treatment; PFL-M, operated and medium-dose (60 mg/kg) PFL treatment; and PFL-H, operated and high-dose (90 mg/kg) PFL treatment. Two-vessel occlusion and hypovolemia (2VO/H) were employed as a surgical model of VaD, and PFL was given orally perioperatively for 23 days. The rats underwent the Y-maze, Barnes maze, and passive avoidance tests and their brains were subjected to histologic studies. The OP group showed VaD-associated memory deficits, hippocampal neuronal death, and microglial activation; however, the PFL-treated groups showed significant attenuations in all of the above parameters. Using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV-2 cells, a murine microglial cell line, we measured PFL-mediated changes on the production of nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α, and IL-6, and the activities of their upstream MAP kinases (MAPKs)/NFκB/inducible NO synthase (iNOS). The LPS-induced upregulations of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 production and MAPKs/NFκB/iNOS activities were globally and significantly reversed by 12-h pretreatment of PFL. This suggests that PFL can counteract VaD-associated structural and functional deterioration through the attenuation of neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Bae Kang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (S.-H.U.); (D.-K.K.); (N.-S.L.); (Y.-G.J.)
| | - Shin-Hye Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Sun-Ho Uhm
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (S.-H.U.); (D.-K.K.); (N.-S.L.); (Y.-G.J.)
| | - Do-Kyung Kim
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (S.-H.U.); (D.-K.K.); (N.-S.L.); (Y.-G.J.)
| | - Nam-Seob Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (S.-H.U.); (D.-K.K.); (N.-S.L.); (Y.-G.J.)
| | - Young-Gil Jeong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (S.-H.U.); (D.-K.K.); (N.-S.L.); (Y.-G.J.)
| | - Nak-Yun Sung
- Division of Natural Product Research, Korea Prime Pharmacy Co., Ltd., Jeonnam 58144, Korea; (N.-Y.S.); (D.-S.K.); (I.-J.H.)
| | - Dong-Sub Kim
- Division of Natural Product Research, Korea Prime Pharmacy Co., Ltd., Jeonnam 58144, Korea; (N.-Y.S.); (D.-S.K.); (I.-J.H.)
| | - In-Jun Han
- Division of Natural Product Research, Korea Prime Pharmacy Co., Ltd., Jeonnam 58144, Korea; (N.-Y.S.); (D.-S.K.); (I.-J.H.)
| | - Young-Choon Yoo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea;
| | - Seung-Yun Han
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Konyang University, Daejeon 35365, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (S.-H.U.); (D.-K.K.); (N.-S.L.); (Y.-G.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-042-600-8616
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Hussain S, Syeda A, Alshammari M, Alnasser S, Alenzi N, Alanazi S, Nandakumar K. Cognition enhancing effect of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) in lab animal studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Braz J Med Biol Res 2022; 55:e11593. [PMID: 35170682 PMCID: PMC8851910 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x2021e11593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with mild cognitive impairment eventually progress to Alzheimer's disease (AD) causing a strong impact on public health. Rosmarinus officinalis has long been known as the herb of remembrance and can be a potential cognition enhancer for AD. The aim of this review was to summarize the qualitative and quantitative aspects of R. officinalis and its active constituents in enhancing cognition. A structured search was conducted on Google Scholar and PubMed to find relevant studies that assessed the effect of R. officinalis extract or any of its active constituents on cognitive performance in animals. The following information was extracted from each study: 1) article information; 2) characteristics of study animals; 3) type of intervention: type, dose, duration, and frequency of administration of R. officinalis; and 4) type of outcome measure. Data were analyzed using Review Manager and meta-analysis was performed by computing the standardized mean difference. Twenty-three studies were selected for qualitative analysis and fifteen for meta-analysis. From the fifteen included papers, 22 with 35 comparisons were meta-analyzed. Effect sizes for intact and cognitively impaired animals were 1.19 (0.74, 1.64) and 0.57 (0.19, 0.96), indicating a positive effect on both groups. The subgroup analyses showed substantial unexplained heterogeneity among studies. Overall, R. officinalis improved cognitive outcomes in normal and impaired animals, and results were robust across species, type of extract, treatment duration, and type of memory. However, studies had a considerable amount of heterogeneity, and subgroup analyses failed to find any heterogeneity moderator.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.M. Hussain
- City University College of Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - A.F. Syeda
- Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Alshammari
- Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - S. Alnasser
- Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - S.T. Alanazi
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
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Mani V, Mohd Azahan NS, Ramasamy K, Lim SM, Abdul Majeed AB. Mahanimbine Improved Aging-Related Memory Deficits in Mice through Enhanced Cholinergic Transmission and Suppressed Oxidative Stress, Amyloid Levels, and Neuroinflammation. Brain Sci 2021; 12:12. [PMID: 35053756 PMCID: PMC8773876 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Murraya koenigii leaves contain mahanimbine, a carbazole alkaloid, reported with improving cholinergic neuronal transmission and reducing neuroinflammation in the CNS. The current research investigated the effects of mahanimbine on age-related memory deficits, oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, amyloid formation, and neuroinflammation in aged mice (16 months old). Mahanimbine was administered (1 and 2 mg/kg, p.o.) daily to groups of aged mice for 30 days. The Morris water maze (MWM) task was performed to study spatial learning (escape latency (EL) and swimming distance (SD)) and memory (probe test). The levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), acetylcholine (ACh), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), β-amyloid (Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42), β-secretase (BACE-1), as well as neuroinflammation markers (total cyclooxygenase (COX) and COX-2 expression), were measured from the isolated brain. Mahanimbine reduced the EL time and SD in the MWM test. From the probe trial, the mahanimbine-treated group spent more time in the targeted quadrant related to the age-matched control, which indicated the enhancement of memory retention. From the biochemical tests, the treatment decreased MDA, AChE, Aβ1-40, and Aβ1-42, BACE-1, total COX activity, and COX-2 expression. It also raised the brain GSH and ACh levels in aged mice compared to age-matched control. These results have supported the reversal of memory dysfunctions by mahanimbine in aged mice and hypothesized that it could be a potential target to treat age-related neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudevan Mani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nur Syamimi Mohd Azahan
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; (N.S.M.A.); (K.R.); (S.M.L.); (A.B.A.M.)
| | - Kalavathy Ramasamy
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; (N.S.M.A.); (K.R.); (S.M.L.); (A.B.A.M.)
| | - Siong Meng Lim
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; (N.S.M.A.); (K.R.); (S.M.L.); (A.B.A.M.)
| | - Abu Bakar Abdul Majeed
- Collaborative Drug Discovery Research (CDDR) Group and Brain Degeneration and Therapeutics Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Puncak Alam, Bandar Puncak Alam 42300, Malaysia; (N.S.M.A.); (K.R.); (S.M.L.); (A.B.A.M.)
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Amraie E, Pouraboli I, Rajaei Z. Neuroprotective effects of Levisticum officinale on LPS-induced spatial learning and memory impairments through neurotrophic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Food Funct 2021; 11:6608-6621. [PMID: 32648872 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01030h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Levisticum officinale (Apiaceae) has been identified as a medicinal plant in traditional medicine, with the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticholinesterase activities. The present study aims to evaluate the effects of Levisticum officinale extract (LOE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced learning and memory deficits and to examine its potential mechanisms. LOE was administered to adult male Wistar rats at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg kg-1 for a week. Later, LPS was intraperitoneally injected at a dose of 1 mg kg-1 to induce neuroinflammation, and treatment with LOE continued for 3 more weeks. Behavioral, biochemical, and molecular analyses were performed at the end of the experiment. Moreover, quantitative immunohistochemical assessments of the expression of Ki-67 (intracellular proliferation marker) in the hippocampus were performed. The results revealed that LPS injection caused spatial memory impairment in the rats. Daily LOE treatment at applied doses for 4 weeks attenuated spatial learning and memory deficits in LPS-injected rats. Furthermore, LPS significantly increased the mRNA expression level of interleukin-6 in the hippocampus, which was accompanied by decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression levels. Moreover, LPS increased the levels of malondialdehyde, reduced the antioxidant enzyme activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in the hippocampus, and impaired neurogenesis. However, pre-treatment with LOE at a dose of 100 mg kg-1 significantly reversed the LPS-induced changes, and improved neurogenesis. In conclusion, the beneficial effect of LOE on the improvement of learning and memory could be attributed to its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, along with its ability to increase BDNF expression and neurogenesis in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Amraie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Iran Pouraboli
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ziba Rajaei
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Cui J, Shan R, Cao Y, Zhou Y, Liu C, Fan Y. Protective effects of ginsenoside Rg2 against memory impairment and neuronal death induced by Aβ25-35 in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113466. [PMID: 33049344 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Ginsenoside Rg2 is an important ingredient of Panax ginseng which often appears in ancient prescriptions for forgetfulness. Ginsenoside Rg2 exert neuroprotective effects and could be a new potential medicine to treat AD. In our previous study, we reported that ginsenoside Rg2 appears protect PC12 cells against Amyloid β-fragment (25-35) (Aβ25-35)-induced apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt pathway. However, there are no in vivo studies on the protective effects of ginsenoside Rg2 on Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was performed to investigate the protective effects of ginsenoside Rg2 against Aβ25-35-induced memory impairment, and its underlying mechanisms in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS An Alzheimer's Disease (AD) rat model was established by injecting the rats with Aβ25-35 (1 μg/μl). Cognitive performance was evaluated by the Morris Water Maze test (MWM). The brain sections were processed and neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus was evaluated by Hematoxylin and Eosin staining (H&E). To explore the anti-neuronal apoptosis mechanism of ginsenoside Rg2, we analyzed the protein expression of Bcl-2/Bax, caspase-3, and phospho-protein kinase B/protein kinase B (p-Akt/Akt) via western blot. RESULTS A significant improvement in cognitive function was observed in administrated ginsenoside Rg2 AD rats. The histological injury in hippocampus CA1 induced by Aβ25-35 was inhibited following administration of the ginsenoside Rg2. Ginsenoside Rg2 increase the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, attenuate the cleavage of caspase-3, and enhance the phosphorylation of Akt. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that ginsenoside Rg2 could ameliorate Aβ25-35-induced cognitive dysfunction by activating the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun Jilin, 130032, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun Jilin, 130024, PR China
| | - Rui Shan
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun Jilin, 130032, PR China
| | - Yanqi Cao
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun Jilin, 130032, PR China
| | - Yifa Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun Jilin, 130024, PR China
| | - Chunming Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, Changchun Jilin, 130032, PR China.
| | - Yuying Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun Jilin, 130024, PR China.
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Thingore C, Kshirsagar V, Juvekar A. Amelioration of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment using Rosmarinic acid in mice. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:299-313. [PMID: 33068223 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-020-00629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a pivotal part in the manifestation of neuroinflammation, which further leads to neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces neuroinflammation resulting in memory impairment (MI) and cognitive decline. In this study, we evaluated whether prophylactic administration of Rosmarinic acid (RA), a naturally occurring compound, exerts a neuroprotective effect in LPS-induced MI and cognitive decline. Herein, Swiss albino mice were pre-treated with RA (0.5 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg i.p.) for 28 days and were intermittently exposed to LPS (0.25 mg/kg i.p.) for 7 days. LPS caused poor memory retention and increased cognitive decline in Morris water maze (MWM) and Y maze paradigms respectively. Additionally, LPS increased oxidative stress which was denoted by a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and increased lipid peroxidation in the brain. Imbalance in the cholinergic system was analyzed by measuring the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. Pre-treatment with RA improved memory and behavioral disturbances by alleviating oxidative stress and AChE activity. LPS augmented levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, caspase-3, and c-Jun. Pre-treatment with RA revitalized the elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines and apoptotic proteins. In conclusion, this study showcases the amelioration of MI by RA in LPS-challenged memory and cognitive decline, which could be credited to its anti-oxidant effect, inhibitory effect on both proinflammatory cytokines and apoptotic regulators, and reduction in AChE activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Thingore
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Viplav Kshirsagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Archana Juvekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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Yamamoto S, Kayama T, Noguchi-Shinohara M, Hamaguchi T, Yamada M, Abe K, Kobayashi S. Rosmarinic acid suppresses tau phosphorylation and cognitive decline by downregulating the JNK signaling pathway. NPJ Sci Food 2021; 5:1. [PMID: 33514742 PMCID: PMC7846760 DOI: 10.1038/s41538-021-00084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA), a polyphenol found in Lamiaceae herbs, is a candidate of preventive ingredients against Alzheimer's disease (AD) as it potently suppresses the aggregation of amyloid β (Aβ); however, the effect of RA on tau phosphorylation and cognitive dysfunction remains unclear. The present study revealed that RA intake inhibited the pathological hallmarks of AD, including Aβ and phosphorylated tau accumulation, and improved cognitive function in the 3 × Tg-AD mouse model. Additionally, RA intake suppressed hippocampal inflammation and led to the downregulation of the JNK signaling pathway that induces tau phosphorylation. Feeding with RA exerted an anti-inflammatory effect not only in the central nervous system but also in the periphery. Downregulation of the JNK signaling pathway in hippocampus may be a potential mechanism underlying the inhibition of progression of pathology and cognitive deficit by RA feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Yamamoto
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Kayama
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moeko Noguchi-Shinohara
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Hamaguchi
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamada
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Keiko Abe
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.,Group of Food Functionality Assessment, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Life Science Environment Research Center, Tonomachi, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shoko Kobayashi
- Research Center for Food Safety, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Fachel FNS, Michels LR, Azambuja JH, Lenz GS, Gelsleichter NE, Endres M, Scholl JN, Schuh RS, Barschak AG, Figueiró F, Bassani VL, Henriques AT, Koester LS, Teixeira HF, Braganhol E. Chitosan-coated rosmarinic acid nanoemulsion nasal administration protects against LPS-induced memory deficit, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in Wistar rats. Neurochem Int 2020; 141:104875. [PMID: 33039443 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid (RA) lipid-nanotechnology-based delivery systems associate with mucoadhesive biopolymers for nasal administration has arisen as a new promising neuroprotective therapy for neurodegenerative disorders (ND). We have previously demonstrated the glioprotective effect of chitosan-coated RA nanoemulsions (RA CNE) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced damage in rat astrocyte primary culture. Here, we further investigate the protective effect of RA CNE nasal administration on LPS-induced memory deficit, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress in Wistar rats, since these in vivo studies were crucial to understand the impact of developed delivery systems in the RA neuroprotective effects. The animals were treated through nasal route with RA CNE (2 mg·mL-1), free RA (2 mg·mL-1), blank CNE, and saline (control and LPS groups) administrations (n.a., 100 μL per nostril) twice a day (7 a.m./7 p.m.) for six days. On the sixth day, the animals received the last treatments and LPS was intraperitoneally (i.p.) administrated (250 μg·kg-1). Overall results, proved for the first time that the RA CNE nasal administration elicits a neuroprotective effect against LPS-induced damage, which was associated with increased 1.6 times recognition index, decreased 5.0 and 1.9 times in GFAP+ cell count and CD11b expression, respectively, as well as increased 1.7 times SH in cerebellum and decreased 3.9 times TBARS levels in cerebral cortex in comparison with LPS group. RA CNE treatment also facilitates RA bioavailability in the brain, confirmed by RA quantification. Free RA also demonstrates a protective effect in some studied parameters, although no RA was quantified in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Nathiely Silveira Fachel
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Luana Roberta Michels
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana Hofstätter Azambuja
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Spies Lenz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nicolly Espindola Gelsleichter
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Endres
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliete Nathali Scholl
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Roselena Silvestri Schuh
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alethea Gatto Barschak
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Figueiró
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Valquíria Linck Bassani
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amelia Teresinha Henriques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Scherer Koester
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Helder Ferreira Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Elizandra Braganhol
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Lv R, Du L, Zhou F, Yuan X, Liu X, Zhang L. Rosmarinic Acid Alleviates Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress through Regulating miR-155-5p in a Mice Model of Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3259-3266. [PMID: 32946211 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder mainly occurring in the elderly. MicroRNA-155-5p (miR-155-5p) plays a vital role in neurodegenerative disease and has been reported to be regulated by rosmarinic acid (RA). In our previous study, it was found that RA could improve motor function and alleviate inflammatory responses in a mice model of PD. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-155-5p in RA-treated PD mice. The PD mice model was established by injecting mice with N-methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and treated with RA or/and miR-155-5p agomir. The effects of miR-155-5p agomir on motor function, microglial activation, inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress were analyzed by performing a behavioral test, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 staining, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-terminal dUTP nick end labeling double staining, TH-cleaved-caspase 3 double staining, and assessment of antioxidative parameters in RA-treated PD mice. The interaction between miR-155-5p and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 was validated using dual-luciferase reporter assay. MiR-155-5p up-regulation inhibited the alleviation of motor deficits caused by RA in PD mice, as evidenced by increasing descending time, decreasing limb movement score, increasing the time crossing the beam, and decreasing the times of front limb use. MiR-155-5p up-regulation could elevate microglial activation, inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in RA-treated PD mice. In conclusion, RA was able to alleviate PD by regulating miR-155-5p, suggesting that miR-155-5p could be used as a therapeutic target for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxiao Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangnan Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyong Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
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Kim MJ, Jung JE, Lee S, Cho EJ, Kim HY. Effects of the fermented Zizyphus jujuba in the amyloid β 25-35-induced Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Nutr Res Pract 2020; 15:173-186. [PMID: 33841722 PMCID: PMC8007403 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.2.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUD/OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. Due to the increased incidence of dementia, there is a corresponding increase concerning the importance of AD. In this study, we investigated the protective effects conferred by Zizyphus jujuba (Zj) and Zizyphus jujuba fermented by yeast (Zj-Y), on cognitive impairment in an AD mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS AD was induced by injecting amyloid beta25-35 (Aβ25-35) in ICR mice, and subsequently 200 mg/kg Zj or Zj-Y was administered daily for 14 days. The cognitive ability of AD mice was observed through behavioral experiments in T-maze, novel object recognition, and Morris water maze tests. We subsequently measured the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase in either tissues or serum. RESULTS In behavioral tests, deterioration was revealed in the short- and long-term learning and memory functions in the Aβ25-35-injected control group compared to the normal group, indicating that Aβ25-35 injection impairs cognitive functions. However, administration of Zj and Zj-Y improved cognitive function in mice, as compared to the Aβ25-35-injected control mice. In addition, the Aβ25-35 induced elevations of MDA and NO in the brain, kidney, and liver were suppressed after exposure to Zj and Zj-Y. Especially, Zj-Y showed stronger scavenging effect against MDA and NO, as compared to Zj. CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study indicate that Zj-Y exerts a protective effect on cognitive impairment and memory dysfunction, which is exerted by attenuating the oxidative stress induced by Aβ25-35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Ji Eun Jung
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Food Science, Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju 52725, Korea
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Li JM, Zhao Y, Sun Y, Kong LD. Potential effect of herbal antidepressants on cognitive deficit: Pharmacological activity and possible molecular mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 257:112830. [PMID: 32259666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cognitive symptom is a "core" symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) patients with clear deficit in memory, social and occupational function, and may persist during the remitting phase. Therefore, the remission of cognitive symptom has been considered as one of the main objectives in the treatment of MDD. Herbal antidepressants have been used to treat MDD, and there has been great advances in the understanding of the ability of these herbs to improve cognitive deficit linked to brain injury and various diseases including depression, Alzheimer disease, diabetes and age-related disorders. This systematic review summarizes the evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials of herbal antidepressants with positive effects on cognitive deficit. The potential mechanisms by which herbal antidepressants prevent cognitive deficit are also reviewed. This review will facilitate further research and applications. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted an open-ended, English restricted search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science and Scopus for all available articles published or online before 31 December 2019, using terms pertaining to medical herb/phytomedicine/phytochemical/Chinese medicine and depression/major depressive disorder/antidepressant and/or cognitive impairment/cognitive deficit/cognitive dysfunction. RESULTS 7 prescriptions, more than 30 individual herbs and 50 phytochemicals from China, Japan, Korea and India with positive effects on the depressive state and cognitive deficit are reviewed herein. The evidence from preclinical studies and clinical trials proves that these herbal antidepressants exhibit positive effects on one or more aspects of cognitive defect including spatial, episodic, aversive, and short- and long-term memory. The action mode of the improvement of cognitive deficit by these herbal antidepressants is mediated mainly through two pathways. One pathway is to promote hippocampal neurogenesis through activating brain derived neurotrophic factor-tropomyosin-related kinase B signaling. The other pathway is to prevent neuronal apoptosis through the inhibition of neuro-inflammation and neuro-oxidation. CONCLUSION These herbal antidepressants, having potential therapy for cognitive deficit, may prevent pathological processes of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, these herbal medicines should provide a treasure trove, which will accelerate the development of new antidepressants that can effectively improve cognitive symptom in MDD. Studies on their molecular mechanisms may provide more potential targets and therapeutic approaches for new drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Yang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, PR China.
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Baranauskaite J, Sadauskiene I, Liekis A, Kasauskas A, Lazauskas R, Zlabiene U, Masteikova R, Kopustinskiene DM, Bernatoniene J. Natural Compounds Rosmarinic Acid and Carvacrol Counteract Aluminium-Induced Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2020; 25:E1807. [PMID: 32326410 PMCID: PMC7221925 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25081807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Aluminum accumulation, glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations as well as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were determined in erythrocytes and brain and liver homogenates of BALB/c mice treated with Al3+ (7.5 mg/kg/day (0.15 LD50) as AlCl3 (37.08 mg/kg/day), whereas HCl (30.41 mg/kg/day) was used as Cl- control, the treatments were performed for 21 days, i.p., in the presence and absence of rosmarinic acid (0.2805 mg/kg/day (0.05 LD50), 21 days, i.g.) or carvacrol (0.0405 mg/kg/day (0.05 LD50), 21 days, i.g.). The treatment with AlCl3 increased GSH concentration in erythrocytes only slightly and had no effect on brain and liver homogenates. Rosmarinic acid and carvacrol strongly increased GSH concentration in erythrocytes but decreased it in brain and liver homogenates. However, AlCl3 treatment led to Al accumulation in mice blood, brain, and liver and induced oxidative stress, assessed based on MDA concentration in the brain and liver. Both rosmarinic acid and carvacrol were able to counteract the negative Al effect by decreasing its accumulation and protecting tissues from lipid peroxidation. AlCl3 treatment increased CAT activity in mice brain and liver homogenates, whereas the administration of either rosmarinic acid or carvacrol alone or in combination with AlCl3 had no significant effect on CAT activity. SOD activity remained unchanged after all the treatments in our study. We propose that natural herbal phenolic compounds rosmarinic acid and carvacrol could be used to protect brain and liver against aluminum induced oxidative stress leading to lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juste Baranauskaite
- Department of Analytical and Toxicological Chemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Ilona Sadauskiene
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (I.S.); (A.L.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Arunas Liekis
- Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania; (I.S.); (A.L.)
| | - Arturas Kasauskas
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Robertas Lazauskas
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Ugne Zlabiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Ruta Masteikova
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, 61242 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Dalia M. Kopustinskiene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Jurga Bernatoniene
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technologies, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania;
- Department of Drug Technology and Social Pharmacy, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, LT-50161 Kaunas, Lithuania
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21
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Woo M, Kim MJ, Song YO. Bioactive Compounds in Kimchi Improve the Cognitive and Memory Functions Impaired by Amyloid Beta. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101554. [PMID: 30347786 PMCID: PMC6213637 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the abilities of kimchi and its bioactive compounds to ameliorate amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced memory and cognitive impairments. Mice were given a single intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25-35, followed by a daily oral administration of capsaicin (10 mg·kg-bw–1), 3-(4′-hydroxyl-3′,5′-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid (50 mg/kg bw), quercetin (50 mg/kg bw), ascorbic acid (50 mg/kg bw), or kimchi methanol extract (KME; 200 mg/kg bw) for 2 weeks (n = 7 per group). Carboxymethylcellulose was used as a vehicle for the normal and control groups. Behavioral task tests showed that the learning and memory abilities were significantly waned by the injected Aβ25-35, but these cognitive deficits were recovered by the administrated KME and kimchi bioactive compounds (p < 0.05). The reactive oxygen species, peroxynitrite, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances levels were lower, and the glutathione level was higher, in the KME and bioactive compound groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). In the KME and bioactive compound groups, the protein expression levels of antioxidant enzymes (nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2-regulated superoxide dismutase-1 and glutathione peroxidase) were increased, whereas those of inflammation-related enzymes (nuclear factor-kappaB -regulated inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2) were decreased (p < 0.05). Thus, the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of bioactive compounds-rich kimchi might help to attenuate the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Woo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
| | - Mi Jeong Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Silla University, Busan 46958, Korea.
| | - Yeong Ok Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea.
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22
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Dhouafli Z, Cuanalo-Contreras K, Hayouni EA, Mays CE, Soto C, Moreno-Gonzalez I. Inhibition of protein misfolding and aggregation by natural phenolic compounds. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:3521-3538. [PMID: 30030591 PMCID: PMC11105286 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding and aggregation into fibrillar deposits is a common feature of a large group of degenerative diseases affecting the central nervous system or peripheral organs, termed protein misfolding disorders (PMDs). Despite their established toxic nature, clinical trials aiming to reduce misfolded aggregates have been unsuccessful in treating or curing PMDs. An interesting possibility for disease intervention is the regular intake of natural food or herbal extracts, which contain active molecules that inhibit aggregation or induce the disassembly of misfolded aggregates. Among natural compounds, phenolic molecules are of particular interest, since most have dual activity as amyloid aggregation inhibitors and antioxidants. In this article, we review many phenolic natural compounds which have been reported in diverse model systems to have the potential to delay or prevent the development of various PMDs, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, prion diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, systemic amyloidosis, and type 2 diabetes. The lower toxicity of natural compounds compared to synthetic chemical molecules suggest that they could serve as a good starting point to discover protein misfolding inhibitors that might be useful for the treatment of various incurable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra Dhouafli
- Université de Tunis El Manar, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Karina Cuanalo-Contreras
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - El Akrem Hayouni
- Laboratory of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants, Center of Biotechnology of Borj-Cédria, BP 901, 2050, Hammam-Lif, Tunisia
| | - Charles E Mays
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Claudio Soto
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Ines Moreno-Gonzalez
- The Mitchell Center for Alzheimer's Disease and Related Brain Disorders, Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Networking Research Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Facultad Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Málaga, Spain.
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23
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Identification of a Novel Anticancer Oligopeptide from Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. and Its Enhanced Anticancer Effect by Targeted Nanoparticles In Vitro. INT J POLYM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/1782734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. Perilla frutescens (L.) Brittis is a dietary herbal medicine and has anticancer effect. However, little is known about its anticancer peptides. This study is aimed at identifying cytotoxic oligopeptides which are loaded by a drug delivery system, to explore its anticancer application. Methods. The oligopeptides were isolated from enzymatic hydrolysates of Perilla seed crude protein by using ultrafiltration, gel filtration chromatography, and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The structure of the oligopeptide was determined using a peptide sequencer, and its anticancer effect was examined by the MTT assay. PSO (Perilla seed oligopeptide), the most potent anticancer oligopeptide, was loaded by chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) modified by hyaluronic acid (HA). Then, the particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency (EE), drug loading efficiency (LE), the cumulative release rates of NPs, and its cytotoxic effect on cancer cells were investigated. Results. Three fractions were isolated by the chromatography assay. The third fraction has a broad-spectrum and the strongest anticancer effect. This fraction was further purified and identified as SGPVGLW with a molecular weight of 715 Da and named as PSO. Then, PSO was loaded by HA-conjugated chitosan to prepare HA/PSO/C NPs, which had a uniform size of 216.7 nm, a zeta potential of 35.4 mV, an EE of 38.7%, and an LE of 24.3%. HA/PSO/C NPs had a slow release rate in vitro, with cumulative release reaching to 81.1%. Compared with free PSO, HA/PSO/C NPs showed notably enhanced cytotoxicity and had the strongest potency to human glioma cell line U251. Conclusion. This study demonstrated that PSO, a novel oligopeptide from Perilla seeds, has a broad-spectrum anticancer effect and could be encapsulated by NPs, which enhanced tumor targeting cytotoxicity with obvious controlled release. Our study indicates that Perilla seeds are valuable for anticancer peptide development.
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Woo M, Noh JS, Cho EJ, Song YO. Bioactive Compounds of Kimchi Inhibit Apoptosis by Attenuating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Brain of Amyloid β-Injected Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4883-4890. [PMID: 29706080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the inhibitory effects of kimchi bioactive compounds against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis in amyloid beta (Aβ)-injected mice. Mice received a single intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25-35, except for the normal group. Mice were subjected to oral administration of 10 mg of capsaicin, 50 mg of 3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid (HDMPPA), 50 mg of quercetin, 50 mg of ascorbic acid, or 200 mg of kimchi methanol extract (KME) per kilogram of body weight for 2 weeks ( n = 7 per group). In the in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability test, all bioactive compounds penetrated the BBB except ascorbic acid. The protein expression level of APP, BACE, and p-Tau elevated by Aβ injection was decreased by kimchi bioactive compounds ( P < 0.05). Quercetin, HDMPPA, and KME decreased oxidative stress, as indicated by ROS and TBARS levels ( P < 0.05). The protein expression level of ER stress markers GRP78, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, XBP1, and CHOP and the proapoptotic molecules Bax, p-JNK, and cleaved caspases-3 and -9 decreased ( P < 0.05). In contrast, the protein expression level of antiapoptotic molecules Bcl2 and cIAP increased ( P < 0.05). These results were supported by histological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Woo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Sook Noh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Tongmyong University , Busan 48520 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Ok Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
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25
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Habtemariam S. Molecular Pharmacology of Rosmarinic and Salvianolic Acids: Potential Seeds for Alzheimer's and Vascular Dementia Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E458. [PMID: 29401682 PMCID: PMC5855680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Both caffeic acid and 3,4-dihydroxyphenyllactic acid (danshensu) are synthesized through two distinct routs of the shikimic acid biosynthesis pathway. In many plants, especially the rosemary and sage family of Lamiaceae, these two compounds are joined through an ester linkage to form rosmarinic acid (RA). A further structural diversity of RA derivatives in some plants such as Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is a form of RA dimer, salvianolic acid-B (SA-B), that further give rise to diverse salvianolic acid derivatives. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on the chemistry and pharmacology of these compounds related to their potential therapeutic applications to dementia. The two common causes of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and stroke, are employed to scrutinize the effects of these compounds in vitro and in animal models of dementia. Key pharmacological mechanisms beyond the common antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of polyphenols are highlighted with emphasis given to amyloid beta (Aβ) pathologies among others and neuronal regeneration from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research Laboratories & Herbal Analysis Services, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
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26
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Xanthoceraside modulates NR2B-containing NMDA receptors at synapses and rescues learning-memory deficits in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:337-349. [PMID: 29124300 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4775-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by memory loss and synaptic damage. Previous studies suggested that xanthoceraside decreases glutamate-induced PC12 cell death, ameliorates memory deficits, and increases the number of dendritic spines in AD mice. These results indicated that xanthoceraside might have activities that protect synaptic plasticity. Herein, we detected the effect of xanthoceraside on synaptic function. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic mice were orally treated with xanthoceraside (0.02, 0.08, or 0.32 mg/kg) once daily for 4 months and then behavioral tests were performed. LTP and Fluo-4/AM were carried out in vivo and in vitro, respectively. CaMKII-GluR1 and NR2B-associated proteins on synapses were measured. RESULTS Xanthoceraside administration alleviated learning-memory deficits and increased the LTP in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Meanwhile, xanthoceraside increased the expression of pT286-CaMKII in synaptic and extrasynaptic pools and CaMKII, pS831-GluR1, and GluR1 in synaptic pools. In addition, xanthoceraside increased the total pY1472-NR2B and NR2B expression and increased the levels of pY1472-NR2B in synaptic and extrasynaptic pools and NR2B in synaptic pools. However, NR2B was decreased in extrasynaptic pools, which might be associated with decreased expression of STEP61 and pY531-Fyn. In vitro studies showed that xanthoceraside inhibited intracellular calcium overload and increased the number of and extended the length of dendrites in primary hippocampal neurons compared with the Aβ25-35 group. CONCLUSIONS The mechanism of xanthoceraside on ameliorating learning-memory deficits might be related to decrease intracellular calcium overload, increase CaMKII-GluR1 proteins, and up-regulate trafficking of pY1472-NR2B at synapse, thereby improving LTP in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.
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27
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Li J, Liu Y, Li W, Wang Z, Guo P, Li L, Li N. Metabolic profiling of the effects of ginsenoside Re in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Behav Brain Res 2017; 337:160-172. [PMID: 28927718 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major neurological diseases among the elderly, and there are presently no approved treatments that can slow its progression. It has been reported that ginsenoside Re (G-Re), an active pharmacological component of ginseng, can ameliorate the symptoms of AD, but the underlying mechanisms are not clear. The current study was designed to test the effects of G-Re by investigating the metabolite profiles of AD mice. An AD animal model was induced by intracerebroventricular injection of β-amyloid in Kunming mice. Model mice were administered G-Re intragastrically (4mg/kg/day as a high dose and 1mg/kg/day as a low dose) for 30days. Cognitive function of the mice was tested using a Morris water maze, and pathological changes in the brain tissue were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Global metabolite profiling using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was carried out to identify the metabolites that were differentially expressed in the plasma of mice. A total of 10 potential biomarkers were identified in AD mice. The peak intensities of tryptophan, hexadecasphinganine, phytosphingosine, and various lysophosphatidylcholines were lower whereas that of phenylalanine was higher in the AD mice than in the control mice. G-Re treatment (4mg/kg) affected all of these metabolic pathways. This is the first metabonomics study to biochemically profile the plasma metabolic pathways of AD animals affected by G-Re. These outcomes provide reliable evidence that illuminates the biochemical mechanisms of AD and facilitates investigation of the therapeutic benefits of G-Re in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Li
- Department of Gerontology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Laboratory of PLA Wound and Trauma Center, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Gerontology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Pan Guo
- Department of Gerontology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110002, Liaoning, China
| | - Naijing Li
- Department of Gerontology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, Liaoning, China.
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28
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Postu PA, Noumedem JAK, Cioanca O, Hancianu M, Mihasan M, Ciorpac M, Gorgan DL, Petre BA, Hritcu L. Lactuca capensis reverses memory deficits in Aβ1-42-induced an animal model of Alzheimer's disease. J Cell Mol Med 2017; 22:111-122. [PMID: 28816008 PMCID: PMC5742732 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the neuropharmacological effects of the methanolic extract from Lactuca capensis Thunb. leaves (100 and 200 mg/kg) for 21 days on memory impairment in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) rat model produced by direct intraventricular delivery of amyloid‐β1‐42 (Aβ1‐42). Behavioural assays such as Y‐maze and radial arm maze test were used for assessing memory performance. Aβ1‐42 decreased cognitive performance in the behavioural tests which were ameliorated by pre‐treatment with the methanolic extract. Acetylcholinesterase activity and oxidant–antioxidant balance in the rat hippocampus were abnormally altered by Aβ1‐42 treatment while these deficits were recovered by pre‐treatment with the methanolic extract. In addition, rats were given Aβ1‐42 exhibited in the hippocampus decreased brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA copy number and increased IL‐1β mRNA copy number which was reversed by the methanolic extract administration. These findings suggest that the methanolic extract could be a potent neuropharmacological agent against dementia via modulating cholinergic activity, increasing of BDNF levels and promoting antioxidant action in the rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaures A K Noumedem
- Pôle Recherche Innovation et Entrepreneuriat (PRIE), Institut Universitaire de la Côte, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Oana Cioanca
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Gr. T. Popa', Iasi, Romania
| | - Monica Hancianu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy 'Gr. T. Popa', Iasi, Romania
| | - Marius Mihasan
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | - Mitica Ciorpac
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
| | | | | | - Lucian Hritcu
- Department of Biology, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi, Romania
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