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Qiu B, Zhu R, Huang X, Qi Z, Zhang L. Associations between eating alone, its transition and depressive symptoms among Chinese middle-aged and older adults: evidence from two national cohorts. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:458. [PMID: 38898438 PMCID: PMC11186271 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05909-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have explored the longitudinal association between eating alone and depressive symptoms, and have focused on the effect of eating alone transition. This study aims to explore the longitudinal association between eating alone, its transition and depressive symptoms among two national surveys using a cohort study design. METHODS The participants aged ≥ 45 years were recruited for the 2016 to 2018 waves China Family Panel Data (CFPS) and 2015 to 2018 waves China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Eating alone was assessed by self-reported. Depressive symptoms were evaluated by Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Cox hazard regression was used to explore the associations between eating alone, its transition and depressive symptoms after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS A total of 21,476 participants were included in this study. The Cox model showed that compared with commensality, eating alone was associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms, both in the CFPS, CHARLS and pooled analysis. In addition, compared with commensality consistently, the transition from commensality to alone and eating alone consistently were associated with a higher risk of depressive symptoms. The sensitivity analyses showed that the association remained robust. CONCLUSIONS Eating alone and a change from commensality to eating alone were associated with higher risks of depressive symptoms among Chinese middle-aged and older adults in two cohorts. This study suggested that providing eating partners may be an effective intervention method to prevent depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Qiu
- Shiquan Community Health Service Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Putuo District Health Affairs Management Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Rongyu Zhu
- Clinical Center for Intelligent Rehabilitation Research, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health and General Practice, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinlu Huang
- Shiquan Community Health Service Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhijuan Qi
- Shiquan Community Health Service Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Clinical Center for Intelligent Rehabilitation Research, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- School of Public Health and General Practice, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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Yoo MY, Song HJ, Park KH, Seo YG, An HJ, Paek YJ, Noh HM. Relationship between Eating Alone and Handgrip Strength in Korean Older Adults. Nutrients 2024; 16:654. [PMID: 38474782 DOI: 10.3390/nu16050654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is defined as an age-related decline in muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. Eating alone has been linked to various health issues in older adults. This study investigated the relationship between eating alone and handgrip strength (HGS) in older adults using data from 7278 individuals (≥65 years) who participated in the 2014-2019 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. HGS was measured using a digital grip strength dynamometer, relative HGS was calculated by dividing HGS by body mass index, and dynapenia was defined as an HGS < 28 kg for men and <18 kg for women. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that women who ate two meals alone were more likely to exhibit dynapenia than those who never ate alone (odds ratio [OR], 1.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.77). If the groups that never ate alone or ate one meal alone were combined as the reference group, the probability of dynapenia was higher in the combined groups that ate two or three meals alone (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04-1.50). No association was observed between eating alone and dynapenia in men. This suggests that eating alone is a modifiable related factor of dynapenia in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Young Yoo
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Ji Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gyun Seo
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Ji An
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Paek
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Noh
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang 14068, Republic of Korea
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Park J, Shin HE, Kim M, Won CW, Song YM. Longitudinal association between eating alone and deterioration in frailty status: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Exp Gerontol 2023; 172:112078. [PMID: 36584805 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among risk factors of developing frailty, dietary factor played an important role as a potentially modifiable risk factor. Eating alone is associated with malnutrition, depression, and social isolation, which are risk factors of frailty. We evaluated the longitudinal association between a change to eating alone and deterioration in frailty status in a cohort of community-dwelling elderly persons. METHODS The study subjects were 2072 non-frail Korean elderly persons aged 70-84 years who were recruited for the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS). The subjects were divided into 4 groups based on changes in eating with others or alone between the baseline survey (2016-2017) and the follow-up survey (2018-2019): group I (ate with others consistently), group II (ate with others at baseline but ate alone at follow-up), group III (ate alone at baseline but ate with others at follow-up), group IV (ate alone consistently). We assessed physical frailty using the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) frailty phenotype. The association between changes in eating with others or alone and frailty progression was assessed by multiple logistic regression analysis after adjusting for covariates. RESULTS The mean age of the study subjects was 76.2 (SD: 3.8) years old and 50.8 % were female. At follow-up, 364 new cases (34.5 %) of pre-frailty (n = 348) and frailty (n = 16) were identified among those who were robust at baseline (n = 1056), while 88 new cases (8.7 %) of frailty were identified among those who were pre-frail at baseline (n = 1016). Compared to group I, group II showed an increased risk of deterioration in frailty status after adjustments with multivariables including social isolation and malnutrition (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.61, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-2.50). However, the association disappeared after further adjustment for depression. When we examined the longitudinal association between changes in eating with others or alone and changes in each frailty domain, group II showed an increased risk for the weight loss (aOR = 3.07, 95 % CI: 1.39-6.76) compared to group I. Group IV showed an increased risk for the weight loss (aOR = 2.39, 95 % CI: 0.95-6.00) and weakness (aOR = 2.07, 95 % CI: 1.16-3.68). CONCLUSIONS A change from eating with others to eating alone was found to significantly increase the risk of deterioration in frailty status in elderly people, and the association seemed to be mediated by depression. These findings suggest that interventions to maintain eating partners and manage depression are needed to prevent frailty progression in elderly people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhee Park
- Department of Family Medicine/Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Eun Shin
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Miji Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Technology, East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Won Won
- Elderly Frailty Research Center, Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yun-Mi Song
- Department of Family Medicine/Supportive Care Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea.
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Stalling I, Albrecht BM, Foettinger L, Recke C, Bammann K. Meal Patterns of Older Adults: Results from the OUTDOOR ACTIVE Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142784. [PMID: 35889741 PMCID: PMC9320477 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating habits have a substantial effect on health, not only because of consumed foods and nutrients, but also because of the regularity of meals. This study investigates meal patterns in older adults. Data from 1198 adults (52.8% female) aged between 65 and 75 years, who resided in Bremen, Germany, were included in this cross-sectional study. Using a self-administered questionnaire, daily meals were assessed and categorised into three meal pattern types: ‘regular eaters’ (eating at least three meals a day), ‘meal skippers’ (skipping one meal a day), and ‘irregular eaters’ (skipping more than one meal a day). Descriptive analyses were carried out, stratified by sex and meal pattern types. Most women and men were regular eaters (51.5% and 51.7%, respectively), 33.8% of women and 33.3% of men were meal skippers, and 14.7% of women and 15.0% of men were irregular eaters. Differences between meal patterns were seen with regard to socioeconomic status; self-rated health; body-mass index; hypertension; consumption of self-prepared meals; and consumption of whole-grain products, green vegetables, meat, and alcohol. The results provide first insights into possible associations between meal patterns and sociodemographic and health factors, and can benefit disease prevention and health promotion in older adults.
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Moon JH, Huh JS, Won CW, Kim HJ. Living and eating alone on depressive symptoms by physical frailty status: A cross-sectional study based on the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2021; 98:104570. [PMID: 34773874 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND General health conditions in older adults, including their mental health, differ greatly based on their physical health conditions rather than age. Thus, we evaluated how lifestyle factors, which included eating and living, affected depressive symptoms in older adults based on their physical frailty status. METHODS We included older adults aged 70-84 years from the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS). Based on their eating and living patterns, we classified them into four groups: "lived and ate with others," "lived alone yet ate with others," "lived with others yet ate alone," and "lived and ate alone." Depressive symptoms and physical frailty were measured using the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale and modified version of the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) Frailty Index, respectively. RESULTS A total of 2,702 participants, 11.4% lived with others yet ate alone, and 19.7% lived and ate alone. For robust older adults, after adjusting for variables, the "ate alone" group was significantly related with depressive symptoms, and the "lived and ate alone" group showed a higher risk of depressive symptoms. In the prefrail to frail participants, the "lived and ate alone" group was at a higher risk of depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Eating and living alone are key risk factors for depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults regardless of their physical frailty status. Therefore, social interventions are needed for both physically frail and healthy older adults to support their eating patterns and increase opportunities for social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Moon
- Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Sik Huh
- Department of Urology, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea; Department of Urology, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Won Won
- Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Elderly Frailty Research Center, Department of Family Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyeon Ju Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University College of Medicine, Jeju, Republic of Korea; Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Republic of Korea.
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