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Rahman SU, McCoy E, Raza G, Ali Z, Mansoor S, Amin I. Improvement of Soybean; A Way Forward Transition from Genetic Engineering to New Plant Breeding Technologies. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:162-180. [PMID: 35119645 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Soybean is considered one of the important crops among legumes. Due to high nutritional contents in seed (proteins, sugars, oil, fatty acids, and amino acids), soybean is used globally for food, feed, and fuel. The primary consumption of soybean is vegetable oil and feed for chickens and livestock. Apart from this, soybean benefits soil fertility by fixing atmospheric nitrogen through root nodular bacteria. While conventional breeding is practiced for soybean improvement, with the advent of new biotechnological methods scientists have also engineered soybean to improve different traits (herbicide, insect, and disease resistance) to fulfill consumer requirements and to meet the global food deficiency. Genetic engineering (GE) techniques such as transgenesis and gene silencing help to minimize the risks and increase the adaptability of soybean. Recently, new plant breeding technologies (NPBTs) emerged such as zinc-finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector nucleases, and Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR/Cas9), which paved the way for enhanced genetic modification of soybean. These NPBTs have the potential to improve soybean via gene functional characterization precision genome engineering for trait improvement. Importantly, these NPBTs address the ethical and public acceptance issues related to genetic modifications and transgenesis in soybean. In the present review, we summarized the improvement of soybean through GE and NPBTs. The valuable traits that have been improved through GE for different constraints have been discussed. Moreover, the traits that have been improved through NPBTs and potential targets for soybean improvements via NPBTs and solutions for ethical and public acceptance are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleem Ur Rahman
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Constituent College Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Evan McCoy
- Center for Applied Genetic Technologies (CAGT), University of Georgia, Athens, USA
| | - Ghulam Raza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Constituent College Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahir Ali
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering, Center for Desert Agriculture and Division of Biological Sciences, 4700 King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Constituent College Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Amin
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan.
- Constituent College Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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de Souza Araújo DM, de Almeida AAF, Pirovani CP, Mora-Ocampo IY, Lima Silva JP, Valle Meléndez RR. Molecular, biochemical and micromorphological responses of cacao seedlings of the Parinari series, carrying the lethal gene Luteus-Pa, in the presence and absence of cotyledons. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 194:550-569. [PMID: 36525937 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Investigations of the compatibility between cacao genotypes of the population of the Parinari series (Pa), resulting from the reciprocal crossing of Pa 30 × Pa 169 and Pa 121 × Pa 169, allowed the verification of the occurrence of the recessive lethal single character called Luteus-Pa. These genotypes have this gene in heterozygosity, which when intercross or self-fertilize, segregate in a 3:1 ratio. Normal (NS) and mutant (MS) seedlings grow normally and, after a period of approximately 30 days of age, MS leaves begin to show a metallic yellow color, followed by necrotic spots, and death of the entire seedling, approximately 40 days after the emergency. The work evaluate the molecular, biochemical and micromorphological responses in NS and MS, with and without cotyledons, resulting from the crossing of the Pa 30 × Pa 169 cacao genotypes, aiming to elucidate the possible lethal mechanisms of the homozygous recessive Luteus-Pa. The presence of the lethal gene Luteus-Pa in the seedlings of the cacao genotypes of the population of the Parinari (Pa), with and without cotyledons, resulting from the crossing of Pa 30 × Pa 169, in addition to regulating the synthesis of proteins related to the photosynthetic and stress defense processes, promoted an increase in the synthesis of proteins involved in the glycolic pathway, induced oxidative stress, altered the mobilization of cotyledonary reserves, the integrity of cell membranes, leaf micromorphology and induced the death of seedlings, soon after depletion of protein and carbohydrate reserves, especially in the absence of cotyledons.
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Affiliation(s)
- D'avila Maria de Souza Araújo
- State University of Santa Cruz, Department of Biological Sciences, km 16 Jorge Amado Highway, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Alex-Alan Furtado de Almeida
- State University of Santa Cruz, Department of Biological Sciences, km 16 Jorge Amado Highway, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Priminho Pirovani
- State University of Santa Cruz, Department of Biological Sciences, km 16 Jorge Amado Highway, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Irma Yuliana Mora-Ocampo
- State University of Santa Cruz, Department of Biological Sciences, km 16 Jorge Amado Highway, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Lima Silva
- State University of Santa Cruz, Department of Biological Sciences, km 16 Jorge Amado Highway, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Raúl René Valle Meléndez
- State University of Santa Cruz, Department of Biological Sciences, km 16 Jorge Amado Highway, 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil; Executive Commission for the Cacao farming Plan, km 22 Jorge Amado Highway, 45650-780, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
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Kumar V, Kumar A, Tewari K, Garg NK, Changan SS, Tyagi A. Isolation and characterization of drought and ABA responsive promoter of a transcription factor encoding gene from rice. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1813-1831. [PMID: 36484033 PMCID: PMC9723047 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-022-01246-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit is a significant impediment to enhancing rice yield. Genetic engineering tools have enabled agriculture researchers to develop drought-tolerant cultivars of rice. A common strategy to achieve this involves expressing drought-tolerant genes driven by constitutive promoters such as CaMV35S. However, the use of constitutive promoters is often limited by the adverse effects it has on the growth and development of the plant. Additionally, it has been observed that monocot-derived promoters are more successful in driving gene expression in monocots than in dicots. Substitution of constitutive promoters with stress-inducible promoters is the currently used strategy to overcome this limitation. In the present study, a 1514 bp AP2/ERF promoter that drives the expression of a transcription factor was cloned and characterized from drought-tolerant Indian rice genotype N22. The AP2/ERF promoter was fused to the GUS gene (uidA) and transformed in Arabidopsis and rice plants. Histochemical GUS staining of transgenic Arabidopsis plants showed AP2/ERF promoter activity in roots, stems, and leaves. Water deficit stress and ABA upregulate promoter activity in transformed Arabidopsis and rice. Quantitative PCR for uidA expression confirmed induced GUS activity in Arabidopsis and rice. This study showed that water deficit inducible Os-AP2/ERF-N22 promoter can be used to overcome the limitations of constitutive promoters. Transformants overexpressing Os-AP2/ERF-N22 showed higher relative water content, membrane stability index, total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll stability index, wax content, osmotic potential, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate and radical scavenging activity. Drought tolerant (N22) showed higher expression of Os-AP2/ERF-N22 than the susceptible (MTU1010) cultivar. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-022-01246-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Basic Science Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Amresh Kumar
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalpana Tewari
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Basic Science Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Nitin Kumar Garg
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute (SKNAU Jobner), Durgapura, Jaipur India
| | - Sushil S. Changan
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Division of CPB and PHT, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, India
| | - Aruna Tyagi
- Division of Biochemistry, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Gonçalves CG, Marques RF, de Marchi SR, Martins D. Effect of different soil water managements on the selectivity of fomesafen in conventional and RR soybean. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2022; 57:786-795. [PMID: 36039634 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2116237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to study the selectivity of the herbicide fomesafen, sprayed at different growth stages of the conventional and RR soybean cultivars, under different soil water managements. Two soybean cultivars were used: MG/BR 46 Conquista (conventional) and BRS Valiosa (RR), submitted to the spraying of fomesafen at two phenological stages (V2-first open trefoil; V4-third open trefoil), under three soil water conditions (-0.03, -0.07, and -0.5 MPa). Under water scarcity conditions, soybean plants have lower visual phytotoxicity when subjected to the spraying of the herbicide fomesafen. There were anatomical differences between the leaf blades of the conventional (MG/BR 46 Conquista) and transgenic (BRS Valiosa - RR) cultivars, and the water scarcity changed the anatomy of the soybean plants. The condition of moderate water shortage (-0.07 MPa) led the conventional cultivar to present a lower development than the transgenic cultivar. The transgenic cultivar had a greater ability to sustain the biological nitrogen fixation under moderate water shortage conditions (-0.07 MPa) than the conventional cultivar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clebson G Gonçalves
- School Plant & Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Virginia Polytech Institute & State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, USA
| | - Ricardo F Marques
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal (Matologia), FCAV-Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Sidnei R de Marchi
- Departamento de Matologia, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Barra do Garças, Brazil
| | - Dagoberto Martins
- Departamento de Produção Vegetal (Matologia), FCAV-Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias, UNESP, Jaboticabal, Brazil
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Moradi A, Dai S, Wong EOY, Zhu G, Yu F, Lam HM, Wang Z, Burlingame A, Lin C, Afsharifar A, Yu W, Wang T, Li N. Isotopically Dimethyl Labeling-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Phosphoproteomes of Soybean Cultivars. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1218. [PMID: 34439883 PMCID: PMC8393417 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Isotopically dimethyl labeling was applied in a quantitative post-translational modification (PTM) proteomic study of phosphoproteomic changes in the drought responses of two contrasting soybean cultivars. A total of 9457 phosphopeptides were identified subsequently, corresponding to 4571 phosphoprotein groups and 3889 leading phosphoproteins, which contained nine kinase families consisting of 279 kinases. These phosphoproteins contained a total of 8087 phosphosites, 6106 of which were newly identified and constituted 54% of the current soybean phosphosite repository. These phosphosites were converted into the highly conserved kinase docking sites by bioinformatics analysis, which predicted six kinase families that matched with those newly found nine kinase families. The overly post-translationally modified proteins (OPP) occupies 2.1% of these leading phosphoproteins. Most of these OPPs are photoreceptors, mRNA-, histone-, and phospholipid-binding proteins, as well as protein kinase/phosphatases. The subgroup population distribution of phosphoproteins over the number of phosphosites of phosphoproteins follows the exponential decay law, Y = 4.13e-0.098X - 0.04. Out of 218 significantly regulated unique phosphopeptide groups, 188 phosphoproteins were regulated by the drought-tolerant cultivar under the water loss condition. These significantly regulated phosphoproteins (SRP) are mainly enriched in the biological functions of water transport and deprivation, methionine metabolic processes, photosynthesis/light reaction, and response to cadmium ion, osmotic stress, and ABA response. Seventeen and 15 SRPs are protein kinases/phosphatases and transcription factors, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis again revealed that three members of the calcium dependent protein kinase family (CAMK family), GmSRK2I, GmCIPK25, and GmAKINβ1 kinases, constitute a phosphor-relay-mediated signal transduction network, regulating ion channel activities and many nuclear events in this drought-tolerant cultivar, which presumably contributes to the development of the soybean drought tolerance under water deprivation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Moradi
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (A.M.); (E.O.Y.W.); (G.Z.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71946-84471, Iran
| | - Shuaijian Dai
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Emily Oi Ying Wong
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (A.M.); (E.O.Y.W.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guang Zhu
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (A.M.); (E.O.Y.W.); (G.Z.)
| | - Fengchao Yu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Al Burlingame
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA;
| | - Chengtao Lin
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA;
| | - Alireza Afsharifar
- Plant Virology Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71946-84471, Iran;
| | - Weichuan Yu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Tingliang Wang
- Tsinghua-Peking Joint Centre for Life Sciences, Centre for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ning Li
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; (A.M.); (E.O.Y.W.); (G.Z.)
- The HKUST Shenzhen Research Institut, Shenzhen 518057, China
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Das A, Basu PS, Kumar M, Ansari J, Shukla A, Thakur S, Singh P, Datta S, Chaturvedi SK, Sheshshayee MS, Bansal KC, Singh NP. Transgenic chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) harbouring AtDREB1a are physiologically better adapted to water deficit. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:39. [PMID: 33430800 PMCID: PMC7802217 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is the second most widely grown pulse and drought (limiting water) is one of the major constraints leading to about 40-50% yield losses annually. Dehydration responsive element binding proteins (DREBs) are important plant transcription factors that regulate the expression of many stress-inducible genes and play a critical role in improving the abiotic stress tolerance. Transgenic chickpea lines harbouring transcription factor, Dehydration Responsive Element-Binding protein 1A from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtDREB1a gene) driven by stress inducible promoter rd29a were developed, with the intent of enhancing drought tolerance in chickpea. Performance of the progenies of one transgenic event and control were assessed based on key physiological traits imparting drought tolerance such as plant water relation characteristics, chlorophyll retention, photosynthesis, membrane stability and water use efficiency under water stressed conditions. RESULTS Four transgenic chickpea lines harbouring stress inducible AtDREB1a were generated with transformation efficiency of 0.1%. The integration, transmission and regulated expression were confirmed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Southern Blot hybridization and Reverse Transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Transgenic chickpea lines exhibited higher relative water content, longer chlorophyll retention capacity and higher osmotic adjustment under severe drought stress (stress level 4), as compared to control. The enhanced drought tolerance in transgenic chickpea lines were also manifested by undeterred photosynthesis involving enhanced quantum yield of PSII, electron transport rate at saturated irradiance levels and maintaining higher relative water content in leaves under relatively severe soil water deficit. Further, lower values of carbon isotope discrimination in some transgenic chickpea lines indicated higher water use efficiency. Transgenic chickpea lines exhibiting better OA resulted in higher seed yield, with progressive increase in water stress, as compared to control. CONCLUSIONS Based on precise phenotyping, involving non-invasive chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, carbon isotope discrimination, osmotic adjustment, higher chlorophyll retention and membrane stability index, it can be concluded that AtDREB1a transgenic chickpea lines were better adapted to water deficit by modifying important physiological traits. The selected transgenic chickpea event would be a valuable resource that can be used in pre-breeding or directly in varietal development programs for enhanced drought tolerance under parched conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Das
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208 024, India.
| | - Partha Sarathi Basu
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208 024, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208 024, India
| | - Jamal Ansari
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208 024, India
| | - Alok Shukla
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208 024, India
| | - Shallu Thakur
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208 024, India
| | - Parul Singh
- Division of Basic Sciences, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208 024, India
| | - Subhojit Datta
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208 024, India
| | - Sushil Kumar Chaturvedi
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208 024, India
| | - M S Sheshshayee
- Department of Crop Physiology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK Campus, Bangalore, 560 065, India
| | | | - Narendra Pratap Singh
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, 208 024, India
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Ben Saad R, Ben Romdhane W, Zouari N, Ben Hsouna A, Harbaoui M, Brini F, Ghneim-Herrera T. Characterization of a novel LmSAP gene promoter from Lobularia maritima: Tissue specificity and environmental stress responsiveness. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236943. [PMID: 32735612 PMCID: PMC7394455 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Halophyte Lobularia maritima LmSAP encodes an A20AN1 zinc-finger stress-associated protein which expression is up-regulated by abiotic stresses and heavy metals in transgenic tobacco. To deepen our understanding of LmSAP function, we isolated a 1,147 bp genomic fragment upstream of LmSAP coding sequence designated as PrLmSAP. In silico analyses of PrLmSAP revealed the presence of consensus CAAT and TATA boxes and cis-regulatory elements required for abiotic stress, phytohormones, pathogen, and wound responses, and also for tissue-specific expression. The PrLmSAP sequence was fused to the β-glucuronidase (gusA) reporter gene and transferred to rice. Histochemical GUS staining showed a pattern of tissue-specific expression in transgenic rice, with staining observed in roots, coleoptiles, leaves, stems and floral organs but not in seeds or in the root elongation zone. Wounding strongly stimulated GUS accumulation in leaves and stems. Interestingly, we observed a high stimulation of the promoter activity when rice seedlings were exposed to NaCl, PEG, ABA, MeJA, GA, cold, and heavy metals (Al3+, Cd2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+). These results suggest that the LmSAP promoter can be a convenient tool for stress-inducible gene expression and is a potential candidate for crop genetic engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Ben Saad
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Walid Ben Romdhane
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Plant Production Department, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nabil Zouari
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Anis Ben Hsouna
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Departments of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Marwa Harbaoui
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Faical Brini
- Biotechnology and Plant Improvement Laboratory, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Janani C, Sundararajan B, Kumari BR. Construction and transformation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (RnPPARγ) gene using Agrobacterium tumefaciens into Glycine max L. Merr. GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rakocevic M, Müller M, Matsunaga FT, Neumaier N, Farias JRB, Nepomuceno AL, Fuganti-Pagliarini R. Daily heliotropic movements assist gas exchange and productive responses in DREB1A soybean plants under drought stress in the greenhouse. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 96:801-814. [PMID: 30118573 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the most severe environmental constraints on plant production. Under environmental pressures, complex daily heliotropic adjustments of leaflet angles in soybean can help to reduce transpiration losses by diminishing light interception (paraheliotropism), increase diurnal carbon gain in sparse canopies and reduce carbon gain in dense canopies by solar tracking (diaheliotropism). The plant materials studied were cultivar BR 16 and its genetically engineered isoline P58, ectopically overexpressing AtDREB1A, which is involved in abiotic stress responses. We aimed to follow the movements of central and lateral leaflets in vegetative stages V7-V10 and reproductive stages R4-R5, integrating the reversible morphogenetic changes into an estimate of daily plant photosynthesis using three-dimensional modeling, and to analyze the production parameters of BR 16 and P58. The patterns of daily movements of central leaflets of BR 16 in V7-V10 and R4-R5 were similar, expressing fewer diaheliotropic movements under drought stress than under non-limiting water conditions. Daily heliotropic patterns of lateral leaflets in V7-V10 and R4-R5 showed more diaheliotropic movements in drought-stressed P58 plants than in those grown under non-limiting water conditions. Leaf area in R4-R5 was generally higher in P58 than in BR 16. Drought significantly affected gas exchange and vegetative and reproductive architectural features. DREB1A could be involved in various responses to drought stress. Compared with the parental BR 16, P58 copes with drought through better compensation between diaheliotropic and paraheliotropic movements, finer tuning of water-use efficiency, a lower transpiration rate, higher leaf area and higher pod abortion to accomplish the maximum possible grain production under continued drought conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Rakocevic
- Embrapa Agricultural Informatics, Av. André Tosello 209, PO Box 6041, 13083-886, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, R. Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariele Müller
- University of Passo Fundo, BR 285 Km 292, 99052-900, Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabio Takeshi Matsunaga
- Federal University of Technology of Paraná - UTFPR, Av. Alberto Carazzai, 1640, 86300-000, Cornélio Procópio, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Norman Neumaier
- Embrapa Soybean, Rodovia Carlos João Strass, Distrito de Warta, 86001-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil
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Conforte AJ, Guimarães-Dias F, Neves-Borges AC, Bencke-Malato M, Felix-Whipps D, Alves-Ferreira M. Isolation and characterization of a promoter responsive to salt, osmotic and dehydration stresses in soybean. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:226-237. [PMID: 28350037 PMCID: PMC5452143 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought stress is the main limiting factor of soybean yield. Currently, genetic
engineering has been one important tool in the development of drought-tolerant
cultivars. A widely used strategy is the fusion of genes that confer tolerance under
the control of the CaMV35S constitutive promoter; however,
stress-responsive promoters would constitute the best alternative to the generation
of drought-tolerant crops. We characterized the promoter of α-galactosidase soybean
(GlymaGAL) gene that was previously identified as highly
up-regulated by drought stress. The β-glucuronidase (GUS) activity
of Arabidopsis transgenic plants bearing 1000- and 2000-bp fragments of the
GlymaGAL promoter fused to the uidA gene was
evaluated under air-dried, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and salt stress treatments.
After 24 h of air-dried and PEG treatments, the pGAL-2kb led to an
increase in GUS expression in leaf and root samples when compared to
the control samples. These results were corroborated by qPCR expression analysis of
the uidA gene. The pGAL-1kb showed no difference in
GUS activity between control and treated samples. The
pGAL-2kb promoter was evaluated in transgenic soybean roots,
leading to an increase in EGFP expression under air-dried treatment.
Our data indicates that pGAL-2kb could be a useful tool in
developing drought-tolerant cultivars by driving gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fábia Guimarães-Dias
- Department of Genetics. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anna Cristina Neves-Borges
- Department of Botany. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marta Bencke-Malato
- Department of Genetics. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Durvalina Felix-Whipps
- Department of Genetics. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Márcio Alves-Ferreira
- Department of Genetics. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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11
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Wang JY, Wang JP, Yang HF. Identification and functional characterization of the NAC gene promoter from Populus euphratica. PLANTA 2016; 244:417-427. [PMID: 27084679 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-016-2511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The PeNAC1 promoter is a non-tissue-specific and stress-inducible promoter containing a GA-responsive element and a MYB recognition sequence that are responsible for induced expression patterns. NAC transcription factors play vital roles in complex signaling networks during plant stress responses. Promoters as crucial molecular switches are involved in the transcriptional regulation of gene activities dynamic network controlling a variety of biological processes, such as developmental processes, responses to hormone and abiotic stress. In this study, a 1217-bp flanking fragment of the stress-responsive NAC gene PeNAC1 was isolated from Populus euphratica. In transgenic Arabidopsis, this promoter fragment was found to have a higher activity than the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and remained active throughout the plant life cycle, particularly in the spiral vessels and cortical cells of vascular tissues of various organs. We identified a gibberellic acid-responsive element, required for response to gibberellic acid and involved in the salt-stress signaling pathway, and a MYB recognition sequence, which has an important role in promoter response to drought stress, in the PeNAC1 promoter. These results suggest that the PeNAC1 promoter is more effective, non-tissue-specific, and inducible. In addition, the presence of a putative NAC protein-binding motif in the PeNAC1 promoter indicates that PeNAC1 is either regulated by other NAC transcription factors or is self-regulated. Our research will help reveal the regulatory mechanism of the upstream region of the PeNAC1 gene and provide a foundation for the use of the PeNAC1 promoter in molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ying Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 12 Zhong Guan Cun South Street, 100081, Beijing, China.
| | - Jun-Ping Wang
- Tianjin University of Science and Technology, No. 29 13th Avenue, Tianjin Economic and Technological Development Area, 300457, Tianjin, China.
| | - Hai-Feng Yang
- Inner Mongolia Agriculture University, 010019, Hohhot, China
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12
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Qin YX, Qin F. Dehydrins from wheat x Thinopyrum ponticum amphiploid increase salinity and drought tolerance under their own inducible promoters without growth retardation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 99:142-9. [PMID: 26756791 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Dehydrins confer abiotic stress tolerance in seedlings, but few dehydrins have been studied by transgenic analysis under their own promoters in relation to abiotic stress tolerance. Also the inducible promoters for transgenic engineering are limited. In this study, we isolated from wheat three salt-induced YSK2 dehydrin genes and their promoters. The cDNA sequences were 711, 785, and 932 bp in length, encoding proteins containing 133, 166 and 231 amino acids, respectively, and were named TaDHN1, TaDHN2, and TaDHN3. TaDHN2 doesn't contain introns, while the other two genes each contain one. Semi-quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis revealed all three dehydrin genes are substantially induced by ABA and NaCl, but only TaDHN2 is induced in seedlings by PEG and by cold (4 °C). Regulatory sequences upstream of the first translation codon (775, 1615 and 889 bp) of the three dehydrin genes were also cloned. Cis-element prediction indicated the presence of ABRE and other abiotic-stress-related elements. Histochemical analysis using GUS expression demonstrated that all three promoters were induced by ABA, cold or NaCl. Ectopic over-expression of TaDHN1 or TaDHN3 in Arabidopsis under their own inducible promoters enhanced NaCl- and drought-stress tolerance without growth retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xiang Qin
- University of Jinan, School of Biological Science and Technology, Department of Biological Science, Jinan 250022, PR China.
| | - Fangyuan Qin
- Department of School of Liquor and Food Engineering, Guizhou University, 550025, PR China
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13
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Song L, Prince S, Valliyodan B, Joshi T, Maldonado dos Santos JV, Wang J, Lin L, Wan J, Wang Y, Xu D, Nguyen HT. Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of soybean primary root under varying water-deficit conditions. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:57. [PMID: 26769043 PMCID: PMC4714440 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2378-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean is a major crop that provides an important source of protein and oil to humans and animals, but its production can be dramatically decreased by the occurrence of drought stress. Soybeans can survive drought stress if there is a robust and deep root system at the early vegetative growth stage. However, little is known about the genome-wide molecular mechanisms contributing to soybean root system architecture. This study was performed to gain knowledge on transcriptome changes and related molecular mechanisms contributing to soybean root development under water limited conditions. RESULTS The soybean Williams 82 genotype was subjected to very mild stress (VMS), mild stress (MS) and severe stress (SS) conditions, as well as recovery from the severe stress after re-watering (SR). In total, 6,609 genes in the roots showed differential expression patterns in response to different water-deficit stress levels. Genes involved in hormone (Auxin/Ethylene), carbohydrate, and cell wall-related metabolism (XTH/lipid/flavonoids/lignin) pathways were differentially regulated in the soybean root system. Several transcription factors (TFs) regulating root growth and responses under varying water-deficit conditions were identified and the expression patterns of six TFs were found to be common across the stress levels. Further analysis on the whole plant level led to the finding of tissue-specific or water-deficit levels specific regulation of transcription factors. Analysis of the over-represented motif of different gene groups revealed several new cis-elements associated with different levels of water deficit. The expression patterns of 18 genes were confirmed byquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method and demonstrated the accuracy and effectiveness of RNA-Seq. CONCLUSIONS The primary root specific transcriptome in soybean can enable a better understanding of the root response to water deficit conditions. The genes detected in root tissues that were associated with key hormones, carbohydrates, and cell wall-related metabolism could play a vital role in achieving drought tolerance and could be promising candidates for future functional characterization. TFs involved in the soybean root and at the whole plant level could be used for future network analysis between TFs and cis-elements. All of these findings will be helpful in elucidating the molecular mechanisms associated with water stress responses in soybean roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- Division of Plant Science and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Silvas Prince
- Division of Plant Science and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Babu Valliyodan
- Division of Plant Science and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Department of Computer Science, and Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
| | - Joao V Maldonado dos Santos
- Division of Plant Science and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Department of Computer Science, and Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Li Lin
- Division of Plant Science and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Jinrong Wan
- Division of Plant Science and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Yongqin Wang
- Division of Plant Science and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Computer Science, and Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- MU Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Henry T Nguyen
- Division of Plant Science and National Center for Soybean Biotechnology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Anbazhagan K, Bhatnagar-Mathur P, Vadez V, Dumbala SR, Kishor PBK, Sharma KK. DREB1A overexpression in transgenic chickpea alters key traits influencing plant water budget across water regimes. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:199-210. [PMID: 25326370 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-014-1699-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the role of DREB1A transcription factor in better root and shoot partitioning and higher transpiration efficiency in transgenic chickpea under drought stress Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is mostly exposed to terminal drought stress which adversely influences its yield. Development of cultivars for suitable drought environments can offer sustainable solutions. We genetically engineered a desi-type chickpea variety to ectopically overexpress AtDREB1A, a transcription factor known to be involved in abiotic stress response, driven by the stress-inducible Atrd29A promoter. From several transgenic events of chickpea developed by Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation, four single copy events (RD2, RD7, RD9 and RD10) were characterized for DREB1A gene overexpression and evaluated under water stress in a biosafety greenhouse at T6 generation. Under progressive water stress, all transgenic events showed increased DREB1A gene expression before 50 % of soil moisture was lost (50 % FTSW or fraction of transpirable soil water), with a faster DREB1A transcript accumulation in RD2 at 85 % FTSW. Compared to the untransformed control, RD2 reduced its transpiration in drier soil and higher vapor pressure deficit (VPD) range (2.0-3.4 kPa). The assessment of terminal water stress response using lysimetric system that closely mimics the soil conditions in the field, showed that transgenic events RD7 and RD10 had increased biomass partitioning into shoot, denser rooting in deeper layers of soil profile and higher transpiration efficiency than the untransformed control. Also, RD9 with deeper roots and RD10 with higher root diameter showed that the transgenic events had altered rooting pattern compared to the untransformed control. These results indicate the implicit influence of rd29A::DREB1A on mechanisms underlying water uptake, stomatal response, transpiration efficiency and rooting architecture in water-stressed plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Anbazhagan
- International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Telangana, 502324, India
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Todaka D, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Recent advances in the dissection of drought-stress regulatory networks and strategies for development of drought-tolerant transgenic rice plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:84. [PMID: 25741357 PMCID: PMC4332304 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Advances have been made in the development of drought-tolerant transgenic plants, including cereals. Rice, one of the most important cereals, is considered to be a critical target for improving drought tolerance, as present-day rice cultivation requires large quantities of water and as drought-tolerant rice plants should be able to grow in small amounts of water. Numerous transgenic rice plants showing enhanced drought tolerance have been developed to date. Such genetically engineered plants have generally been developed using genes encoding proteins that control drought regulatory networks. These proteins include transcription factors, protein kinases, receptor-like kinases, enzymes related to osmoprotectant or plant hormone synthesis, and other regulatory or functional proteins. Of the drought-tolerant transgenic rice plants described in this review, approximately one-third show decreased plant height under non-stressed conditions or in response to abscisic acid treatment. In cereal crops, plant height is a very important agronomic trait directly affecting yield, although the improvement of lodging resistance should also be taken into consideration. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms of plant growth reduction under drought stress conditions holds promise for developing transgenic plants that produce high yields under drought stress conditions. Plant growth rates are reduced more rapidly than photosynthetic activity under drought conditions, implying that plants actively reduce growth in response to drought stress. In this review, we summarize studies on molecular regulatory networks involved in response to drought stress. In a separate section, we highlight progress in the development of transgenic drought-tolerant rice plants, with special attention paid to field trial investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Todaka
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, TokyoJapan
| | - Kazuo Shinozaki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, YokohamaJapan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, TokyoJapan
- *Correspondence: Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki, Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan e-mail:
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16
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Vargas L, Santa Brígida AB, Mota Filho JP, de Carvalho TG, Rojas CA, Vaneechoutte D, Van Bel M, Farrinelli L, Ferreira PCG, Vandepoele K, Hemerly AS. Drought tolerance conferred to sugarcane by association with Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus: a transcriptomic view of hormone pathways. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114744. [PMID: 25489849 PMCID: PMC4260876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane interacts with particular types of beneficial nitrogen-fixing bacteria that provide fixed-nitrogen and plant growth hormones to host plants, promoting an increase in plant biomass. Other benefits, as enhanced tolerance to abiotic stresses have been reported to some diazotrophs. Here we aim to study the effects of the association between the diazotroph Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5 and sugarcane cv. SP70-1143 during water depletion by characterizing differential transcriptome profiles of sugarcane. RNA-seq libraries were generated from roots and shoots of sugarcane plants free of endophytes that were inoculated with G. diazotrophicus and subjected to water depletion for 3 days. A sugarcane reference transcriptome was constructed and used for the identification of differentially expressed transcripts. The differential profile of non-inoculated SP70-1143 suggests that it responds to water deficit stress by the activation of drought-responsive markers and hormone pathways, as ABA and Ethylene. qRT-PCR revealed that root samples had higher levels of G. diazotrophicus 3 days after water deficit, compared to roots of inoculated plants watered normally. With prolonged drought only inoculated plants survived, indicating that SP70-1143 plants colonized with G. diazotrophicus become more tolerant to drought stress than non-inoculated plants. Strengthening this hypothesis, several gene expression responses to drought were inactivated or regulated in an opposite manner, especially in roots, when plants were colonized by the bacteria. The data suggests that colonized roots would not be suffering from stress in the same way as non-inoculated plants. On the other hand, shoots specifically activate ABA-dependent signaling genes, which could act as key elements in the drought resistance conferred by G. diazotrophicus to SP70-1143. This work reports for the first time the involvement of G. diazotrophicus in the promotion of drought-tolerance to sugarcane cv. SP70-1143, and it describes the initial molecular events that may trigger the increased drought tolerance in the host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lívia Vargas
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ailton B. Santa Brígida
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José P. Mota Filho
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thais G. de Carvalho
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristian A. Rojas
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brazil
| | - Dries Vaneechoutte
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Michiel Van Bel
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Paulo C. G. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Klaas Vandepoele
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Gent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Adriana S. Hemerly
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Cidade Universitária, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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17
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Kim CK, Lim HM, Na JK, Choi JW, Sohn SH, Park SC, Kim YH, Kim YK, Kim DY. A multistep screening method to identify genes using evolutionary transcriptome of plants. Evol Bioinform Online 2014; 10:69-78. [PMID: 24812480 PMCID: PMC3999899 DOI: 10.4137/ebo.s14823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We introduced a multistep screening method to identify the genes in plants using microarrays and ribonucleic acid (RNA)-seq transcriptome data. Our method describes the process for identifying genes using the salt-tolerance response pathways of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) plant. Gene expression was analyzed using microarrays and RNA-seq experiments that examined three potato lines (high, intermediate, and low salt tolerance) under conditions of salt stress. We screened the orthologous genes and pathway genes involved in salinity-related biosynthetic pathways, and identified nine potato genes that were candidates for salinity-tolerance pathways. The nine genes were selected to characterize their phylogenetic reconstruction with homologous genes of Arabidopsis thaliana, and a Circos diagram was generated to understand the relationships among the selected genes. The involvement of the selected genes in salt-tolerance pathways was verified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. One candidate potato gene was selected for physiological validation by generating dehydration-responsive element-binding 1 (DREB1)-overexpressing transgenic potato plants. The DREB1 overexpression lines exhibited increased salt tolerance and plant growth when compared to that of the control. Although the nine genes identified by our multistep screening method require further characterization and validation, this study demonstrates the power of our screening strategy after the initial identification of genes using microarrays and RNA-seq experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Kug Kim
- Genomics Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Suwon, Korea
| | - Hye-Min Lim
- Genomics Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Suwon, Korea
| | - Jong-Kuk Na
- Molecular Breeding Division, NAAS, RDA, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji-Weon Choi
- Vegetable Science Division, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seong-Han Sohn
- Genomics Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science (NAAS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Suwon, Korea
| | | | - Young-Hwan Kim
- Policy Development Office, Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Anyang, Korea
| | - Yong-Kab Kim
- School of Electrical Information Communication Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Dool-Yi Kim
- Molecular Breeding Division, NAAS, RDA, Suwon, Korea
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Persak H, Pitzschke A. Dominant repression by Arabidopsis transcription factor MYB44 causes oxidative damage and hypersensitivity to abiotic stress. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:2517-37. [PMID: 24531138 PMCID: PMC3958865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15022517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In any living species, stress adaptation is closely linked with major changes of the gene expression profile. As a substrate protein of the rapidly stress-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase MPK3, Arabidopsis transcription factor MYB44 likely acts at the front line of stress-induced re-programming. We recently characterized MYB44 as phosphorylation-dependent positive regulator of salt stress signaling. Molecular events downstream of MYB44 are largely unknown. Although MYB44 binds to the MBSII element in vitro, it has no discernible effect on MBSII-driven reporter gene expression in plant co-transfection assays. This may suggest limited abundance of a synergistic co-regulator. MYB44 carries a putative transcriptional repression (Ethylene responsive element binding factor-associated Amphiphilic Repression, EAR) motif. We employed a dominant repressor strategy to gain insights into MYB44-conferred stress resistance. Overexpression of a MYB44-REP fusion markedly compromised salt and drought stress tolerance—the opposite was seen in MYB44 overexpression lines. MYB44-mediated resistance likely results from induction of tolerance-enhancing, rather than from repression of tolerance-diminishing factors. Salt stress-induced accumulation of destructive reactive oxygen species is efficiently prevented in transgenic MYB44, but accelerated in MYB44-REP lines. Furthermore, heterologous overexpression of MYB44-REP caused tissue collapse in Nicotiana. A mechanistic model of MAPK-MYB-mediated enhancement in the antioxidative capacity and stress tolerance is proposed. Genetic engineering of MYB44 variants with higher trans-activating capacity may be a means to further raise stress resistance in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Persak
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria.
| | - Andrea Pitzschke
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology (DAGZ), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, Vienna A-1190, Austria.
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de Paiva Rolla AA, de Fátima Corrêa Carvalho J, Fuganti-Pagliarini R, Engels C, do Rio A, Marin SRR, de Oliveira MCN, Beneventi MA, Marcelino-Guimarães FC, Farias JRB, Neumaier N, Nakashima K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Nepomuceno AL. Phenotyping soybean plants transformed with rd29A:AtDREB1A for drought tolerance in the greenhouse and field. Transgenic Res 2014; 23:75-87. [PMID: 23807320 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-013-9723-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of drought tolerant plants is a high priority because the area suffering from drought is expected to increase in the future due to global warming. One strategy for the development of drought tolerance is to genetically engineer plants with transcription factors (TFs) that regulate the expression of several genes related to abiotic stress defense responses. This work assessed the performance of soybean plants overexpressing the TF DREB1A under drought conditions in the field and in the greenhouse. Drought was simulated in the greenhouse by progressively drying the soil of pot cultures of the P58 and P1142 lines. In the field, the performance of the P58 line and of 09D-0077, a cross between the cultivars BR16 and P58, was evaluated under four different water regimes: irrigation, natural drought (no irrigation) and water stress created using rain-out shelters in the vegetative or reproductive stages. Although the dehydration-responsive element-binding protein (DREB) plants did not outperform the cultivar BR16 in terms of yield, some yield components were increased when drought was introduced during the vegetative stage, such as the number of seeds, the number of pods with seeds and the total number of pods. The greenhouse data suggest that the higher survival rates of DREB plants are because of lower water use due to lower transpiration rates under well watered conditions. Further studies are needed to better characterize the soil and atmospheric conditions under which these plants may outperform the non-transformed parental plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Alves de Paiva Rolla
- Department of General Biology, Londrina State University, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, PR 445, Km 380, P.O. Box 6001, Londrina, 86051-990, Brazil,
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20
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Nakashima K, Jan A, Todaka D, Maruyama K, Goto S, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Comparative functional analysis of six drought-responsive promoters in transgenic rice. PLANTA 2014; 239:47-60. [PMID: 24062085 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-013-1960-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rice production is greatly affected by environmental stresses such as drought and high salinity. Transgenic rice plants tolerant to such stresses are expected to be produced. Stress-responsive promoters with low expression under normal growth conditions are needed to minimize the adverse effects of stress-tolerance genes on rice growth. We performed expression analyses of drought-responsive genes in rice plants using a microarray, and selected LIP9, OsNAC6, OsLEA14a, OsRAB16D, OsLEA3-1, and Oshox24 for promoter analysis. Transient assays using the promoters indicated that AREB/ABF (abscisic acid (ABA)-responsive element-binding protein/ABA-binding factor) transcription factors enhanced expressions of these genes. We generated transgenic rice plants containing each promoter and the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. GUS assays revealed that the LIP9 and OsNAC6 promoters were induced by drought, high salinity, and ABA treatment, and both promoters showed strong activity under normal growth conditions in the root. The other promoters were strongly induced by stresses and ABA, but showed low activity under normal growth conditions. In seeds, GUS staining showed that Oshox24 expression was low and expressions of the other genes were high. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsNAC6 under the control of the Oshox24 promoter showed increased tolerance to drought and high salinity, and no growth defects. These data suggest that the Oshox24 promoter is useful to overexpress stress-tolerance genes without adversely affecting growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Nakashima
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8686, Japan,
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Engels C, Fuganti-Pagliarini R, Marin SRR, Marcelino-Guimarães FC, Oliveira MCN, Kanamori N, Mizoi J, Nakashima K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K, Nepomuceno AL. Introduction of the rd29A:AtDREB2A CA gene into soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) and its molecular characterization in leaves and roots during dehydration. Genet Mol Biol 2013; 36:556-65. [PMID: 24385860 PMCID: PMC3873188 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572013000400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of soybean yield to Brazilian producers because of a water deficit in the 2011–2012 season was 12.9%. To reduce such losses, molecular biology techniques, including plant transformation, can be used to insert genes of interest into conventional soybean cultivars to produce lines that are more tolerant to drought. The abscisic acid (ABA)-independent Dehydration Responsive Element Binding (DREB) gene family has been used to obtain plants with increased tolerance to abiotic stresses. In the present study, the rd29A:AtDREB2A CA gene from Arabidopsis thaliana was inserted into soybean using biolistics. Seventy-eight genetically modified (GM) soybean lines containing 2–17 copies of the AtDREB2A CA gene were produced. Two GM soybean lines (P1397 and P2193) were analyzed to assess the differential expression of the AtDREB2A CA transgene in leaves and roots submitted to various dehydration treatments. Both GM lines exhibited high expression of the transgene, with the roots of P2193 showing the highest expression levels during water deficit. Physiological parameters examined during water deficit confirmed the induction of stress. This analysis of AtDREB2A CA expression in GM soybean indicated that line P2193 had the greatest stability and highest expression in roots during water deficit-induced stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibelle Engels
- Departamento de Genética e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Norihito Kanamori
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junya Mizoi
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nakashima
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kazuko Yamaguchi-Shinozaki
- Biological Resources and Post-Harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan . ; Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Marcolino-Gomes J, Rodrigues FA, Oliveira MCN, Farias JRB, Neumaier N, Abdelnoor RV, Marcelino-Guimarães FC, Nepomuceno AL. Expression patterns of GmAP2/EREB-like transcription factors involved in soybean responses to water deficit. PLoS One 2013; 8:e62294. [PMID: 23667465 PMCID: PMC3646874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybean farming has faced several losses in productivity due to drought events in the last few decades. However, plants have molecular mechanisms to prevent and protect against water deficit injuries, and transcription factors play an important role in triggering different defense mechanisms. Understanding the expression patterns of transcription factors in response to water deficit and to environmental diurnal changes is very important for unveiling water deficit stress tolerance mechanisms. Here, we analyzed the expression patterns of ten APETALA2/Ethylene Responsive Element Binding-like (AP2/EREB-like) transcription factors in two soybean genotypes (BR16: drought-sensitive; and Embrapa 48: drought-tolerant). According to phylogenetic and domain analyses, these genes can be included in the DREB and ERF subfamilies. We also analyzed a GmDRIP-like gene that encodes a DREB negative regulator. We detected the up-regulation of 9 GmAP2/EREB-like genes and identified transcriptional differences that were dependent on the levels of the stress applied and the tissue type analyzed (the expression of the GmDREB1F-like gene, for example, was four times higher in roots than in leaves). The GmDRIP-like gene was not induced by water deficit in BR16 during the longest periods of stress, but was significantly induced in Embrapa 48; this suggests a possible genetic/molecular difference between the responses of these cultivars to water deficit stress. Additionally, RNAseq gene expression analysis over a 24-h time course indicates that the expression patterns of several GmDREB-like genes are subject to oscillation over the course of the day, indicating a possible circadian regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Marcolino-Gomes
- Department of Biology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil
- Brazilian Enterprise for Agricultural Research–Embrapa Soybean, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Norman Neumaier
- Brazilian Enterprise for Agricultural Research–Embrapa Soybean, Londrina, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandre Lima Nepomuceno
- Brazilian Enterprise for Agricultural Research–Embrapa Soybean, Londrina, Brazil
- Embrapa LABEX US Plant Biotechnology at ARS/USDA Plant Gene Expression Center, Albany, New York, United States of America
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23
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Sievers N, Muders K, Henneberg M, Klähn S, Effmert M, Junghans H, Hagemann M. Establishing glucosylglycerol synthesis in potato (Solanum tuberosum l. cv. Albatros) by expression of the ggpPS gene from Azotobacter vinelandii. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.7243/2050-2389-2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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24
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Homrich MS, Wiebke-Strohm B, Weber RLM, Bodanese-Zanettini MH. Soybean genetic transformation: A valuable tool for the functional study of genes and the production of agronomically improved plants. Genet Mol Biol 2012; 35:998-1010. [PMID: 23412849 PMCID: PMC3571417 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572012000600015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Transgenic plants represent an invaluable tool for molecular, genetic, biochemical and physiological studies by gene overexpression or silencing, transposon-based mutagenesis, protein sub-cellular localization and/or promoter characterization as well as a breakthrough for breeding programs, allowing the production of novel and genetically diverse genotypes. However, the stable transformation of soybean cannot yet be considered to be routine because it depends on the ability to combine efficient transformation and regeneration techniques. Two methods have been used with relative success to produce completely and stably transformed plants: particle bombardment and the Agrobacterium tumefaciens system. In addition, transformation by Agrobacterium rhizogenes has been used as a powerful tool for functional studies. Most available information on gene function is based on heterologous expression systems. However, as the activity of many promoters or proteins frequently depends on specific interactions that only occur in homologous backgrounds, a final confirmation based on a homologous expression system is desirable. With respect to soybean biotech improvement, transgenic lines with agronomical, nutritional and pharmaceutical traits have been obtained, including herbicide-tolerant soybeans, which represented the principal biotech crop in 2011, occupying 47% of the global biotech area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Schenkel Homrich
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Wiebke-Strohm
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Luís Mayer Weber
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Bodanese-Zanettini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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25
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Suo H, Ma Q, Ye K, Yang C, Tang Y, Hao J, Zhang ZJ, Chen M, Feng Y, Nian H. Overexpression of AtDREB1A causes a severe dwarf phenotype by decreasing endogenous gibberellin levels in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr]. PLoS One 2012; 7:e45568. [PMID: 23029105 PMCID: PMC3445508 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0045568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gibberellic acids (GAs) are plant hormones that play fundamental roles in plant growth and developmental processes. Previous studies have demonstrated that three key enzymes of GA20ox, GA3ox, and GA2ox are involved in GA biosynthesis. In this study, the Arabidopsis DREB1A gene driven by the CaMV 35S promoter was introduced into soybean plants by Agrobacterium- mediated transformation. The results showed that the transgenic soybean plants exhibited a typical phenotype of GA-deficient mutants, such as severe dwarfism, small and dark-green leaves, and late flowering compared to those of the non-transgenic plants. The dwarfism phenotype was rescued by the application of exogenous GA(3) once a week for three weeks with the concentrations of 144 µM or three times in one week with the concentrations of 60 µM. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the transcription levels of the GA synthase genes were higher in the transgenic soybean plants than those in controls, whereas GA-deactivated genes except GmGA2ox4 showed lower levels of expression. The transcript level of GmGA2ox4 encoding the only deactivation enzyme using C(20)-GAs as the substrates in soybean was dramatically enhanced in transgenic plants compared to that of wide type. Furthermore, the contents of endogenous bioactive GAs were significantly decreased in transgenic plants than those of wide type. The results suggested that AtDREB1A could cause dwarfism mediated by GA biosynthesis pathway in soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haicui Suo
- The Guangdong Subcenter of National Center for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Subtropics, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qibin Ma
- The Guangdong Subcenter of National Center for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Subtropics, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Kaixin Ye
- The Guangdong Subcenter of National Center for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Subtropics, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Cunyi Yang
- The Guangdong Subcenter of National Center for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Subtropics, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Yujuan Tang
- The Guangdong Subcenter of National Center for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Subtropics, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Juan Hao
- The Guangdong Subcenter of National Center for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Subtropics, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Zhanyuan J. Zhang
- Plant Transformation Core Facility, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Mingluan Chen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yuqi Feng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Hai Nian
- The Guangdong Subcenter of National Center for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Biological Resources Protection and Utilization in Subtropics, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
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