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Song Y, Li S, He C. PPARγ Gene Polymorphisms, Metabolic Disorders, and Coronary Artery Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:808929. [PMID: 35402540 PMCID: PMC8984027 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.808929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Being activated by endogenous and exogenous ligands, nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) enhances insulin sensitivity, promotes adipocyte differentiation, stimulates adipogenesis, and has the properties of anti-atherosclerosis, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidation. The Human PPARγ gene (PPARG) contains thousands of polymorphic loci, among them two polymorphisms (rs10865710 and rs7649970) in the promoter region and two polymorphisms (rs1801282 and rs3856806) in the exonic region were widely reported to be significantly associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). Mechanistically, PPARG polymorphisms lead to abnormal expression of PPARG gene and/or dysfunction of PPARγ protein, causing metabolic disorders such as hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, and thereby increasing susceptibility to CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyan Song
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujin Li
- Central Laboratory, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Chuan He,
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Shi Y, Jiang Z, Jiang L, Xu J. Integrative analysis of key candidate genes and signaling pathways in acute coronary syndrome related to obstructive sleep apnea by bioinformatics. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14153. [PMID: 34239024 PMCID: PMC8266822 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93789-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Although obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been clinically reported to be associated with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the pathogenesis between the two is unclear. Herein, we analyzed and screened out the prospective molecular marker. To explore the candidate genes, as well as signaling cascades involved in ACS related to OSA, we extracted the integrated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the intersection of genes from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohorts and text mining, followed by enrichment of the matching cell signal cascade through DAVID analysis. Moreover, the MCODE of Cytoscape software was employed to uncover the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and the matching hub gene. A total of 17 and 56 integrated human DEGs in unstable angina (UA) and myocardial infarction (MI) group associated with OSAs that met the criteria of |log2 fold change (FC)|≥ 1, adjusted P < 0.05, respectively, were uncovered. After PPI network construction, the top five hub genes associated with UA were extracted, including APP, MAPK3, MMP9, CD40 and CD40LG, whereas those associated with MI were PPARG, MAPK1, MMP9, AGT, and TGFB1. The establishment of the aforementioned candidate key genes, as well as the enriched signaling cascades, provides promising molecular marker for OSA-related ACS, which will to provide a certain predictive value for the occurrence of ACS in OSA patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxi Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Jiaxing Second Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Zhengye Jiang
- Institute of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liqin Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Jiaxing Second Hospital, Jiaxing, China
| | - Jianjiang Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Jiaxing Second Hospital, Jiaxing, China.
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Maciejewska-Skrendo A, Pawlik A, Sawczuk M, Rać M, Kusak A, Safranow K, Dziedziejko V. PPARA, PPARD and PPARG gene polymorphisms in patients with unstable angina. Gene 2019; 711:143947. [PMID: 31252163 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.143947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) include the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors involved in several metabolic processes, including carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this study we examined PPARA: rs4253778, rs1800206, PPARD: rs2267668, rs2016520, rs1053049, PPARG rs1801282 and PPARGC1A rs8192678 polymorphisms in patients with unstable angina. This study included 246 patients with unstable angina confirmed by coronary angiography (defined by >70% stenosis in at least one major coronary artery) and 189 healthy controls. RESULTS We observed statistically significant difference in distribution of PPARG rs1801282 genotypes and alleles between patients and control group. Among patients there was the increased frequency of CG and GG genotypes and G alleles. The association between PPARG rs1801282 G allele and unstable angina was confirmed in multivariate regression analysis. There were no statistically significant differences in the distributions of other studied polymorphisms between patients with unstable angina and the control group. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study suggest the association between PPARG rs1801282 G allele and unstable angina in Polish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Maciejewska-Skrendo
- Unit of Biology, Ecology and Sports Medicine, Chair of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Marek Sawczuk
- Laboratory of Physical Medicine, Chair of Sport, Faculty of Tourism and Recreation, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Monika Rać
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kusak
- Department of Cardiology, County Hospital, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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PPARG2 Pro12Ala and TNF α -308G>A Polymorphisms Are Not Associated with Heart Failure Development in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease after Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting. PPAR Res 2019; 2019:1932036. [PMID: 31275366 PMCID: PMC6582793 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1932036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
TNFα and PPARγ are important modulators of metabolism, inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of heart failure (HF). The aim of the study was to assess whether polymorphisms of the TNFα (-308G>A) and PPARG2 (Pro12Ala) genes are associated with the risk of developing HF by patients with ischemic heart disease. Methods. 122 patients without HF (aged 63 ± 8.8 years, 85% males) with confirmed coronary artery disease qualified for coronary bypass grafting were enrolled in the study. After the procedure, they were screened for cardiac parameters. Those with elevated NT-proBNP or diminished left ventricular ejection fraction during follow-up were assigned to the HF group (n=78), and the remaining ones to the non-HF group (n=44). The TNFα -308G>A and PPARG2 Pro12Ala polymorphisms were detected using the TaqMan method. Results. The distributions of TNFα -308G>A and PPARG2 Pro12Ala did not differ between the HF and non-HF groups (-308G>A: 16% vs. 11.4% of alleles; Pro12Ala: 23.9% vs. 20.5% of alleles, respectively). IL-6 concentration in the plasma of TNFα A-allele carriers at months 1 and 12 after CABG was higher in the HF group compared to the non-HF group (1 month after CABG: 5.3 ± 3.4 vs. 3.1 ± 2.9, p<0.05; 12 months after CABG: 4.2 ± 3,9 vs. 1.4 ± 1.2, p<0.01, respectively). Both polymorphisms were not related to changes in the plasma TNFα concentration or other parameters related to HF. Conclusions. Our study did not reveal any correlation between the PPARG2 Pro12Ala and TNFα -308G>A polymorphisms and development of HF in patients with ischemic heart disease after coronary bypass grafting.
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PPAR𝛾 Gene and Atherosclerosis: Genetic Polymorphisms, Epigenetics and Therapeutic Implications. Balkan J Med Genet 2018; 21:39-46. [PMID: 30425909 PMCID: PMC6231320 DOI: 10.2478/bjmg-2018-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the developed world. It is characterized by the formation of a plaque in the walls of middle and large arteries leading to macrovascular complications. Several risk factors are included, with diabetes being one of the most important for the onset and development of atherosclerosis. Due to an increase in the prevalence of diabetes in the world, the incidence of diabetic complications (microvascular and macrovascular) is increasing. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) plays a important role in atherosclerotic processes. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ belongs to the superfamily of nuclear receptors, has a great presence in fat tissue, macrophages, and regulates gene expression and most of the processes that lead to the onset and development of atherosclerosis. In this review, we discuss the basic patho-physiological mechanisms of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Furthermore, we discuss the impact of PPARγ polymorphisms, and the epigenetic mechanisms affecting the onset of atherosclerosis, i.e, DNA methylation and demethylation, histone acetylation and deacetylation, and RNA-based mechanisms. Moreover, we add therapeutic possibilities for acting on epigenetic mechanisms in order to prevent the onset and progression of atherosclerosis.
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Amrita J, Mahajan M, Bhanwer A, Mohan G, Matharoo K. Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma (PPARγ) Pro12Ala Gene Polymorphism and Oxidative Stress in Menopausal Women with Cardiovascular Disease from North Indian Population of Punjab. INT J HUM GENET 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09723757.2017.1317106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyot Amrita
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar 143 006, Punjab, India
| | - Mridula Mahajan
- Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Amritsar 143 001, Punjab, India
| | - A.J.S. Bhanwer
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, Punjab, India
| | - Gurinder Mohan
- Department of Medicine, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Amritsar 143 006, Punjab, India
| | - Kawaljit Matharoo
- Department of Human Genetics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143 005, Punjab, India
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Zou Z, Mao L, Chen J, Wang L, Cai W. RETRACTED: Association between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, UCP3 and lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphisms and obesity in Chinese adolescents. Obes Res Clin Pract 2017; 11:27-33. [PMID: 26483159 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). Please note that this retraction notice has been updated in September 2021, as follows: This article has been retracted at the request of the Editors in Chief due to concerns regarding the authorship. Certain individuals were erroneously indicated as co-authors of the article when it was originally published. These individuals have informed the journal that they did not contribute to the article and that they had no knowledge of its submission for publication. We confirm, following investigation, that those individuals previously identified by the submitting author as co-authors did not author, approve or submit this article for publication, and the previous attribution of the article to them was in error. We have not had a response from Dr Mao and Dr Cai regarding authorship. As a result of the correspondence with Associate Professor Z. Zou and Dr L. Wang, we believe that the paper needs to be retracted and have elected to proceed with retraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichun Zou
- Department of Physical Education, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, PR China; Department of Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Lijuan Mao
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | | | | | - Wei Cai
- Department of Nutrition, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Zahri MK, Emilia A, Rawi RIM, Taib WRW, Sani AI, Baig AA. Contribution of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Ɣ2 gene in relation to obesity. Meta Gene 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Polymorphisms of the PPAR-γ (rs1801282) and Its Coactivator (rs8192673) Have a Minor Effect on Markers of Carotid Atherosclerosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:4934251. [PMID: 26949382 PMCID: PMC4754488 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4934251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The present study was designed to clarify whether common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) gene (rs1801282) and the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator-1 (PGC-1α) gene (rs8192673) are associated with markers of carotid and coronary atherosclerosis in Caucasians with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients and Methods. 595 T2DM subjects and 200 control subjects were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. Markers of carotid atherosclerosis were assessed ultrasonographically. In 215 out of 595 subjects with T2DM, a coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) was performed for diagnostic purposes. Genotyping of either rs1801282 or rs8192673 was performed using KASPar assays. Results. In our study, we demonstrated an effect of the rs1801282 on markers of carotid atherosclerosis (presence of plaques) in Caucasians with T2DM in univariate and in multivariable linear regression analyses. Finally, we did not demonstrate any association between either rs1801282 or rs8192673 and markers of coronary atherosclerosis. Conclusions. In our study, we demonstrated a minor effect of the rs1801282 on markers of carotid atherosclerosis (presence of plaques) in Caucasians with T2DM. Moreover, we demonstrated a minor effect of the rs8192673 on CIMT progression in the 3.8-year follow-up in Caucasians with T2DM.
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Wang P, Wang Q, Yin Y, Yang Z, Li W, Liang D, Zhou P. Association between Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Gamma Gene Polymorphisms and Atherosclerotic Diseases: A Meta-analysis of Case-control Studies. J Atheroscler Thromb 2015; 22:912-25. [PMID: 25832497 DOI: 10.5551/jat.26138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to investigate the association between PPARγ rs1801282/rs3856806 polymorphisms and atherosclerotic diseases. METHODS The meta-analysis was performed by searching the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases from the first available year to September 10, 2013. Additionally, reference lists from the identified articles, reviews and abstracts presented at the meetings of related scientific societies were also checked. All case-control studies investigating the association between PPARγ rs1801282/rs3856806 polymorphisms and the risk of atherosclerotic disease were included. The association was assessed according to the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Publication bias was analyzed using Begg's funnel plot and Egger's regression test. RESULTS A total of 29 studies reporting PPARγ rs1801282/rs3856806 polymorphism were included in the final meta-analysis. Neither the rs1801282 (Pro12Ala) nor rs3856806 (C161T) polymorphisms showed any significant associations with susceptibility to atherosclerotic diseases. In the meta-analysis performed to assess the association between the rs3856806 gene polymorphism and atherosclerotic disease based on ethnicity and the type of disease, significant associations were found in the Caucasian subgroup, Asian, CAD and MI subgroups. CONCLUSIONS The present data suggest that there is no statistical evidence of a significant association between the PPARγ gene rs1801282/rs3856806 polymorphism and the risk of atherosclerotic disease. In contrast, the rs3856806 polymorphism was associated with an increased risk in the Caucasian and MI subgroups, whereas decreased risks were noted in the Asian and CAD subgroups. Due to significant between-study heterogeneity, further studies with a larger sample size involving homogeneous AS patients and well-matched controls are required in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peijian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chengdu Medical College
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Association between PPAR-γ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and obesity: a meta-analysis. Mol Biol Rep 2014; 42:1029-38. [PMID: 25502405 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3838-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 (PPAR-γ2) gene has been reported in the pathogeny of obesity. However, the results have been inconsistent. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to acquire a more accurate assessment of the association between PPAR-γ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism and obesity. PubMed, Wan Fang (Chinese) databases, Chinese Biomedical Medical databases, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched to identify eligible studies. Finally, 25 studies (6491 cases and 8242 controls) were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The effect summary odds ratio (OR) with 95 % confidence interval (CI) was applied. Random-effects or fixed-effects model was performed based on the heterogeneity. STATA 12.0 was applied for this meta-analysis. The combined results showed that PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism was associated with the obesity risk (Ala vs. Pro: OR = 1.55, 95 % CI 1.34-1.80; Pro/Ala vs. Pro/Pro: OR = 1.54, 95 % CI 1.31-1.82; Ala/Ala + Pro/Ala vs. Pro/Pro: OR = 1.61, 95 % CI 1.36-1.90). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed that there were significant associations between PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism and obesity risk in Caucasians, Asians, and Mixed population. Subgroup analysis by obesity's cutoff points showed that the associations were found among the patients with the cutoff point of BMI ≥24 and BMI ≥30 but not among the patients with the cutoff point of BMI ≥95th percentile. These results suggested that PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism might be a risk factor for obesity susceptibility.
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Bener A, Darwish S, Al-Hamaq AOAA, Mohammad RM, Yousafzai MT. Association of PPARγ2 gene variant Pro12Ala polymorphism with hypertension and obesity in the aboriginal Qatari population known for being consanguineous. Appl Clin Genet 2013; 6:103-11. [PMID: 24187509 PMCID: PMC3811883 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s49875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the Pro12Ala polymorphism of the human peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 (PPARγ2) gene with hypertension and obesity in a highly consanguineous aboriginal Qatari population. DESIGN A cross-sectional survey conducted from January 2011-December 2012. SETTING Primary health care clinics. SUBJECTS A random sample of 1,528 Qatari male and female population older than 20 years of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on age, sex, income, level of education, occupation status, body mass index, and blood pressure and lipid profile were obtained. The Pro12Ala in the PPARγ2 gene was detected on the LightCycler® using two specific probes: (Sensor [G] 5'-CTC CTA TTG ACG CAG AAA GCG-FL and PPAR Anchor 5' LC Red 640- TCC TTC ACT GAT ACA CTG TCT GCA AAC ATA TC-PH). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed. RESULT Out of a total 1,528 participants, 220 were diagnosed with essential hypertension, and 420 were obese. Participants with consanguinity were significantly higher among hypertensive than normotensive (41.9% versus 30.8%; P=0.001). Altogether, more than three-fourths (89%) of the participants had a wild genotype (Pro12Pro), 9.8% were heterozygous with Pro12Ala, and only 1.2% was homozygous with the Ala12Ala genotype. The frequency of the Pro allele was 94.5% in normotensive versus 90.5% in hypertensive, while the distribution of the Ala allele was 5.5% in normotensive versus 9.5% in the hypertensive group (P=0.001). The odds of hypertension were 1.7 times higher among the participants with the Ala allele as compared to those with the Pro, while adjusting for other potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio 1.69; 95% confidence interval 1.12-2.55; P=0.012). There was no association between the PPARγ2Ala allele and obesity (P=0.740). CONCLUSION The current study revealed an association between the PPARγ2Ala allele and hypertension in Qatar's population. On the other hand, this study found no association between the Ala allele and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulbari Bener
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Department of Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Evidence for Population Health Unit, School of Epidemiology and Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah Darwish
- Department of Endocrinology, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Department of Oncology, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, School of Medicine, MI, USA
- Department of Medicine, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad T Yousafzai
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Department of Public Health, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
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Wu Z, Lou Y, Jin W, Liu Y, Lu L, Lu G. The Pro12Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-2 gene (PPARγ2) is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e53105. [PMID: 23300871 PMCID: PMC3534032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Contradictory results have been reported regarding the association between Pro12Ala polymorphism of PPARγ2 and coronary artery disease (CAD). We sought to estimate the inconsistent results by performing a comprehensive meta-analysis. Methods Studies in English or Chinese publications were identified by screening MEDLINE, Embase, CNKI, Wanfang and CBM. 22 studies including 8948 cases and 14427 controls were selected. A random-effects model was applied to combine the divergent outcomes of the individual studies, while addressing between-study heterogeneity and publication bias. Results The Pro12Ala polymorphism of control population followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium for all studies (P>0.05). Overall, a marginal increased risk of CAD under the recessive genetic model (AlaAla vs ProAla+ProPro: P = 0.04, OR = 1.31, 95%CI 1.01–1.69, Pheterogeneity = 0.67, I2 = 0%) and the homozygote comparison (AlaAla vs ProPro: P = 0.04,OR = 1.30, 95%CI 1.01–1.68, Pheterogeneity = 0.68, I2 = 0%) was observed. In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, carriers of AlaAla homozygotes had a significant increased risk for CAD among Caucasians (AlaAla vs ProAla+ProPro: P = 0.01, OR = 1.45, 95%CI 1.08–1.96, Pheterogeneity = 0.48, I2 = 0%; AlaAla vs ProPro: P = 0.02,OR = 1.44, 95%CI 1.07–1.93, Pheterogeneity = 0.46, I2 = 0%). After dividing into population source, the CAD risk magnitude of hospital-based studies was distinctly strengthened under the recessive model (P = 0.03,OR = 1.85,95%CI 1.07–3.19, Pheterogeneity = 0.87,I2 = 0%) and the homozygote comparison (P = 0.03,OR = 1.83, 95%CI 1.06–3.16, Pheterogeneity = 0.88, I2 = 0%). There was no observable publication bias as reflected by funnel plot and Egger’s linear regression test (t = -0.12, P = 0.91). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that the PPARγ2 Pro12Ala polymorphism might be risk-conferring locus for the progression of CAD among Caucasians, but not among Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqing Lou
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoping Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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