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Khoothiam K, Prapasawat W, Yosboonruang A, Rawangkan A, Phuangsri C, Rupprom K, Kraivuttinun P, Tanomsridachchai W, Suthienkul O, Siriphap A. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and enterotoxin gene profiles of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from mobile phones of the food vendors in Phayao province, Thailand. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:68. [PMID: 37550710 PMCID: PMC10408101 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mobile phones are widely used and may cause bacterial pathogens to spread among various professionals. Staphylococcus aureus from the mobile phones can contaminate the hands of food vendors and food during the cooking or packaging process. This research aimed to determine the prevalence, enterotoxin genes, and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of S. aureus contaminating the vendors' mobile phones. METHODS In this study, 266 mobile phone samples were randomly collected from food vendors selling food on walking streets (n = 139) and in food centers (n = 127) in Phayao province. All samples were identified as S. aureus by the conventional culture method and confirmed species-specific gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Then, all identified S. aureus isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by broth microdilution method and for the presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes by PCR. RESULTS The results showed that 12.8% of the mobile phones collected were contaminated with S. aureus. Of 49 S. aureus isolates obtained, 30 (61.2%) were positive for SE genes. The most common SE gene was sea followed by sec, seb, sem, seq, and sel. Moreover, S. aureus was most frequently resistant to penicillin, followed by chloramphenicol and tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, and gentamicin. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA), and multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains were also detected. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that mobile phones were an intermediate surface for the transmission of S. aureus, including MDR variants. It indicates that hand hygiene and the decontamination of mobile phones are essential to prevent cross-contamination of S. aureus in food settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krissana Khoothiam
- Division of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Watsawan Prapasawat
- Department of Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Atchariya Yosboonruang
- Division of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Rawangkan
- Division of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Chorpaka Phuangsri
- Division of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand
| | - Kitwadee Rupprom
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Vajira Hospital, Navamindradhiraj University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Parinya Kraivuttinun
- Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Uttaradit Rajabhat University, Uttaradit, Thailand
| | - Wimonrat Tanomsridachchai
- Department of Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mahanakorn University of Technology, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Orasa Suthienkul
- Faculty of Public Health, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Achiraya Siriphap
- Division of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao, Thailand.
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Kansaen R, Boueroy P, Hatrongjit R, Kamjumphol W, Kerdsin A, Chopjitt P. The Occurrence and Characteristics of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcal Isolates from Foods and Containers. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1287. [PMID: 37627707 PMCID: PMC10451473 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12081287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has emerged as an urgent global public health issue that requires immediate attention. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci (MRS) is a major problem, as it may cause serious human and animal infections, eventually resulting in death. This study determined the proportional distribution, genetic characteristics, and antimicrobial susceptibility of mecA- or mecC-carrying staphylococci isolated from food chain products. A total of 230 samples were taken from meat, food, fermented food, and food containers. Overall, 13.9% (32/230) of the samples were identified to have Staphylococcus aureus isolates; of those, 3.9% (9/230) were MRS, with eight mecA-positive and one mecC-positive samples, and 1.3% (3/230) methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA strains belonging to three sequence types (ST9, ST22, and a newly identified ST), three different spa types (T005, t526, and a newly identified type), and three different SCCmec types (IV, V, and an unidentified SCCmec) were detected. Additionally, eight mecA-positive staphylococcal isolates were identified as S. haemolyticus, S. sciuri, S. simulans, and S. warneri, while the mecC-harboring isolate was S. xylosus. The enterotoxin gene, SEm, was detected at 1.56% in S. aureus, whereas SEq was detected at 0.31%, and SEi was also found in MRSA. Our study emphasizes the importance of enhanced hygiene standards in reducing the risk of occupational and foodborne MRSA infections associated with the handling or consumption of meat, food, and preserved food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rada Kansaen
- Faculty of Public Health, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (R.K.); (P.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Parichart Boueroy
- Faculty of Public Health, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (R.K.); (P.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Rujirat Hatrongjit
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand;
| | - Watcharaporn Kamjumphol
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand;
| | - Anusak Kerdsin
- Faculty of Public Health, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (R.K.); (P.B.); (A.K.)
| | - Peechanika Chopjitt
- Faculty of Public Health, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Kasetsart University, Sakon Nakhon 47000, Thailand; (R.K.); (P.B.); (A.K.)
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Bianchi DM, Maurella C, Lenzi C, Fornasiero M, Barbaro A, Decastelli L. Influence of Season and Food Type on Bacterial and Entero-Toxigenic Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:671. [PMID: 36287940 PMCID: PMC9611241 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14100671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is a coagulase-positive pathogen of interest for human health and food safety in particular. It can survive in a wide environmental temperature range (7-48 °C, optimum 37 °C). Its enterotoxins are thermostable, which increases the risk of potential contamination in a variety of food products. Here we investigated the influence of seasonality and food type on bacterial count and presence of S. aureus enterotoxins. To do this, we analyzed 3604 food samples collected over a 5-year period (2016-2020). Ordinal logistic regression showed an influence of both seasonality and food type on the bacterial count. Regarding bacterial counts, winter was found to be the season with the highest risk, while with regards to enterotoxin production, the highest risk was found in autumn, specifically in October. The risk of contamination with S. aureus was greatest for dairy products. Our findings may inform food epidemiologists about foodborne illness prevention and risk to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Manila Bianchi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
- National Reference Laboratory for Coaugulase-Positive Staphylococci including S. aureus, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Cristiana Maurella
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Christian Lenzi
- Department of Mathematics, Physics and Natural Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro, 13100 Vercelli, Italy
| | - Massimo Fornasiero
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Barbaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
| | - Lucia Decastelli
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
- National Reference Laboratory for Coaugulase-Positive Staphylococci including S. aureus, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte Liguria e Valle d’Aosta, 10154 Turin, Italy
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Incidence, toxin gene profiling, antimicrobial susceptibility, and genetic diversity of Bacillus cereus isolated from quick-frozen food in China. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2020.110824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Boukhris I, Smaoui S, Ennouri K, Morjene N, Farhat-Khemakhem A, Blibech M, Alghamdi OA, Chouayekh H. Towards understanding the antagonistic activity of phytic acid against common foodborne bacterial pathogens using a general linear model. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231397. [PMID: 32302332 PMCID: PMC7164649 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing challenge of antibiotic resistance requires not only the discovery of new antibiotics, but also the development of new alternative approaches. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated for the first time the antibacterial potential of phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate, IP6), a natural molecule that is 'generally recognized as safe' (FDA classification), against the proliferation of common foodborne bacterial pathogens such as Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella Typhimurium. Interestingly, compared to citric acid, IP6 was found to exhibit significantly greater inhibitory activity (P<0.05) against these pathogenic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration of IP6 varied from 0.488 to 0.97 mg/ml for the Gram-positive bacteria that were tested, and was 0.244 mg/ml for the Gram-negative bacteria. Linear and general models were used to further explore the antibacterial effects of IP6. The developed models were validated using experimental growth data for L. monocytogenes, S. aureus and S. Typhimurium. Overall, the models were able to accurately predict the growth of L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, and S. Typhimuriumin Polymyxin acriflavine lithium chloride ceftazidime aesculin mannitol (PALCAM), Chapman broth, and xylose lysine xeoxycholate (XLD) broth, respectively. Remarkably, the early logarithmic growth phase of S. Typhimurium showed a rapid and severe decrease in a period of less than one hour, illustrating the bactericidal effect of IP6. These results suggest that IP6 is an efficient antibacterial agent and can be used to control the proliferation of foodborne pathogens. It has promising potential for environmentally friendly applications in the food industry, such as for food preservation, food safety, and for prolonging shelf life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Boukhris
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et de Biomolécules, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Slim Smaoui
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et de Biomolécules, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Karim Ennouri
- Laboratory of Amelioration and Protection of Olive Genetic Resources, Olive Tree Institute, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nawres Morjene
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et de Biomolécules, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Ameny Farhat-Khemakhem
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et de Biomolécules, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Monia Blibech
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et de Biomolécules, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Othman A. Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hichem Chouayekh
- Laboratoire de Microorganismes et de Biomolécules, Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomic Analysis Reveals Cold Responsive Proteins Involved in Leaf Senescence in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18091984. [PMID: 28926933 PMCID: PMC5618633 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature leaf senescence occurs in the ultimate phase of the plant, and it occurs through a complex series of actions regulated by stress, hormones and genes. In this study, a proteomic analysis was performed to analyze the factors that could induce premature leaf senescence in two cotton cultivars. We successfully identified 443 differential abundant proteins (DAPs) from 7388 high-confidence proteins at four stages between non-premature senescence (NS) and premature senescence (PS), among which 158 proteins were over-accumulated, 238 proteins were down-accumulated at four stages, and 47 proteins displayed overlapped accumulation. All the DAPs were mapped onto 21 different categories on the basis of a Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) analysis, and 9 clusters were based on accumulation. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment results show that processes related to stress responses, including responses to cold temperatures and responses to hormones, are significantly differentially accumulated. More importantly, the enriched proteins were mapped in The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR), showing that 58 proteins play an active role in abiotic stress, hormone signaling and leaf senescence. Among these proteins, 26 cold-responsive proteins (CRPs) are significantly differentially accumulated. The meteorological data showed that the median temperatures declined at approximately 15 days before the onset of aging, suggesting that a decrease in temperature is tightly linked to an onset of cotton leaf senescence. Because accumulations of H2O2 and increased jasmonic acid (JA) were detected during PS, we speculate that two pathways associated with JA and H2O2 are closely related to premature leaf senescence in cotton.
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