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Lorini Franciscatto I, Scherer Seibert B, Dries SS, Linden R, Ziulkoski AL, Perassolo MS. Evaluation of oxidative stress and its association with drug therapy in inpatients treated for cocaine dependence. Drug Chem Toxicol 2024; 47:372-380. [PMID: 37259499 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2023.2219039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of cocaine affects several systems and organs of the human body and the consumption of this substance leads to an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, and to the reduction of antioxidant defenses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative stress (OS), biochemical and hematological parameters in patients hospitalized for treatment of cocaine addiction, comparing levels at hospital admission and discharge. Forty patients were included in the study. OS was evaluated using catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GPx), total antioxidant power (FRAP), malondialdehyde (MDA), and sulfhydryl group (GS). The medications used during hospitalization were registered and their influence on the parameters of OS was analyzed. After the hospitalization period, there was an increase in GGT levels, a reduction in SOD activity, and an increase in GPx activity and FRAP levels. Carbamazepine users had higher SOD values and lower FRAP values at hospital discharge. The use of chlorpromazine caused differences in creatinine and gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) serum leves, and the levels of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (TGO), MDA, and FRAP were increased at hospital discharge. Haloperidol and thiamine during hospitalization interfered with alkaline phosphatase levels. The use of risperidone caused an increase in the levels of SOD, and folic acid use was associated with lower levels of GPx and higher levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (TGP) and alkaline phosphatase. Drug rehabilitation treatment was effective in decreasing oxidative damage represented by the reduction of biological markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela Lorini Franciscatto
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
- University Pharmacy, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Scherer Seibert
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
- University Pharmacy, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Samuel Selbach Dries
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
- University Pharmacy, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Linden
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
- Laboratory of Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Ziulkoski
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
- Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Magda Susana Perassolo
- Graduate Program on Toxicology and Analytical Toxicology, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
- University Pharmacy, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, RS, Brazil
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Thiol disulfide homeostasis in psychiatric disorders: A comprehensive review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 123:110719. [PMID: 36634809 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-disulfide couple maintains an intracellular redox status. Dynamic thiol-disulfide homeostasis acts crucial parts in metabolic processes involving signal mechanisms, inflammation, antioxidant defense. Thiol-disulfide homeostasis have been implicated in numerous diseases. In this comprehensive review we identified the studies that examined the thiol-disulfide homeostasis in psychiatric disorders. Most cases demonstrated alterations in thiol-disulfide homeostasis and in most of them the thiol-disulfide balance tended to change direction to the disulfide side, that is, to the oxidative side. Currently, the fact that N-acetylcysteine, a thiol-containing compound, is of great interest as a new treatment approach in psychiatric disorders and the role of glutathione, the most abundant thiol, in the brain highlights the importance of evaluating the thiol-disulfide balance in psychiatric disorders.
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Zelfand E. Vitamin C, Pain and Opioid Use Disorder. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2020; 19:18-29. [PMID: 33132774 PMCID: PMC7572147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AA) is an essential nutrient in humans. It is vital to a multitude of metabolic pathways, including those affecting mental health, stress response, and pain perception. This paper provides a review of the literature and a theoretical perspective on the potential roles of AA in the treatment of pain and opioid use disorder (OUD). A powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent involved in glutathione recycling, AA is a cofactor in adrenal steroidogenesis and catecholamine biosynthesis. AA supports the synthesis of serotonin, modulates synaptic dopamine and glutamate, and may also enhance the synthesis of endomorphins and endorphins. In animal models, AA reduces and prevents opioid drug tolerance and physical dependency. It irreversibly inactivates opioid stereospecific binding, while increasing the antinociceptive effects of pain medications. In clinical trials, AA has been proven safe and effective in acute and chronic pain relief, including ambulatory, surgical, and oncological settings. AA may temper the need for opioids, which raises the question of whether it can help reduce the risk of OUD onset. High, frequent doses of AA may also abort cravings and opioid withdrawal symptoms in those with OUD and has better tolerability than other OUD treatments. Further clinical trials on the potential of AA in the prevention and treatment of OUD are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Zelfand
- Corresponding author: Erica Zelfand, ND E-mail address:
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Wang X, Xiu Z, Du Y, Li Y, Yang J, Gao Y, Li F, Yin X, Shi H. Brazilin Treatment Produces Antidepressant- and Anxiolytic-Like Effects in Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 42:1268-1274. [PMID: 31366864 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows depression relevant to oxidative stress and inflammation. Anti-inflammatory strategies or antioxidants have led to the development of new antidepressants. Brazilin is a natural product from the Chinese traditional medicine Caesalpinia sappan L., exerting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-platelet concentration, and anti-cancer effects. While the antidepressant effect of brazilin is largely unknown. In present study, we investigated the effects of brazilin on H2O2-induced oxidative injury in PC12 cells and on depression- and anxiety-like behaviors of chronically mild stressed (CMS)-induced depression mice. It was found that brazilin pre-treatment (both 10 and 20 µM) significantly increased cell viability and decreased cell apoptosis in H2O2-treated PC12 cells. Furthermore, repetitive administration of brazilin to CMS-induced depression mice by intraperitoneal injection (10 mg/kg) made the mice significantly lose their latency of feeding in novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSF), have more the sucrose preference in sucrose preference test (SPT), and more time spent in the central zone without affecting their crossing activity in open field test (OFT). These results suggested that brazilin can play a role in antidepressant and anxiolytic-like behaviors for CMS-induced depression mice probably through inhibiting the oxidative stress. Therefore, brazilin is worth to be further explored for treating depressive and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medicine and Health, Hebei Medical University.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Zi Xiu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medicine and Health, Hebei Medical University.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Yuru Du
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medicine and Health, Hebei Medical University.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Yiming Li
- Experimental Education Center, Clinical College of Hebei Medical University
| | - Juxiang Yang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Yuan Gao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medicine and Health, Hebei Medical University.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Fangfang Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University
| | - Xi Yin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medicine and Health, Hebei Medical University.,Department of Functional Region of Diagnosis, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University
| | - Haishui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medicine and Health, Hebei Medical University.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University.,Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification, Hebei Medicinal University
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Maes M, Bonifacio KL, Morelli NR, Vargas HO, Moreira EG, St Stoyanov D, Barbosa DS, Carvalho AF, Nunes SOV. Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) and Comorbid Major Depression with GAD Are Characterized by Enhanced Nitro-oxidative Stress, Increased Lipid Peroxidation, and Lowered Lipid-Associated Antioxidant Defenses. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:489-510. [PMID: 29736827 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9906-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that nitro-oxidative pathways play an important role in the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) and maybe anxiety disorders. The current study aims to examine superoxide dismutase (SOD1), catalase, lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), nitric oxide metabolites (NOx), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and uric acid (UA) in participants with and without generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) co-occurring or not with BD, MDD, or tobacco use disorder. Z unit-weighted composite scores were computed as indices of nitro-oxidative stress driving lipid and protein oxidation. SOD1, LOOH, NOx, and uric acid were significantly higher and HDL and PON1 significantly lower in participants with GAD than in those without GAD. GAD was more adequately predicted by increased SOD + LOOH + NOx and lowered HDL + PON1 composite scores. Composite scores of nitro-oxidative stress coupled with aldehyde and AOPP production were significantly increased in participants with comorbid GAD + MDD as compared with all other study groups, namely MDD, GAD + BD, BD, GAD, and healthy controls. In conclusion, GAD is characterized by increased nitro-oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation and lowered lipid-associated antioxidant defenses, while increased uric acid levels in GAD may protect against aldehyde production and protein oxidation. This study suggests that increased nitro-oxidative stress and especially increased SOD1 activity, NO production, and lipid peroxidation as well as lowered HDL-cholesterol and PON1 activity could be novel drug targets for GAD especially when comorbid with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Maes
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil.
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv and Technological Center for Emergency Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
- School of Medicine, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, PO Box 281, Geelong, VIC, 3220, Australia.
| | - Kamila Landucci Bonifacio
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Nayara Rampazzo Morelli
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - Heber Odebrecht Vargas
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Drozdstoy St Stoyanov
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv and Technological Center for Emergency Medicine, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Décio Sabbatini Barbosa
- Health Sciences Graduation Program, Health Sciences Center, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Parana, Brazil
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction & Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Kulaksizoglu B, Kulaksizoglu S. Thiol-Disulfide Homeostasis in Patients with Panic Disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4236/ijcm.2017.81004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Oxidative Stress Implications in the Affective Disorders: Main Biomarkers, Animal Models Relevance, Genetic Perspectives, and Antioxidant Approaches. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:3975101. [PMID: 27563374 PMCID: PMC4983669 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3975101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The correlation between the affective disorders and the almost ubiquitous pathological oxidative stress can be described in a multifactorial way, as an important mechanism of central nervous system impairment. Whether the obvious changes which occur in oxidative balance of the affective disorders are a part of the constitutive mechanism or a collateral effect yet remains as an interesting question. However it is now clear that oxidative stress is a component of these disorders, being characterized by different aspects in a disease-dependent manner. Still, there are a lot of controversies regarding the relevance of the oxidative stress status in most of the affective disorders and despite the fact that most of the studies are showing that the affective disorders development can be correlated to increased oxidative levels, there are various studies stating that oxidative stress is not linked with the mood changing tendencies. Thus, in this minireview we decided to describe the way in which oxidative stress is involved in the affective disorders development, by focusing on the main oxidative stress markers that could be used mechanistically and therapeutically in these deficiencies, the genetic perspectives, some antioxidant approaches, and the relevance of some animal models studies in this context.
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Are Anxiety Disorders Associated with Accelerated Aging? A Focus on Neuroprogression. Neural Plast 2015; 2016:8457612. [PMID: 26881136 PMCID: PMC4736204 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8457612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders (AnxDs) are highly prevalent throughout the lifespan, with detrimental effects on daily-life functioning, somatic health, and quality of life. An emerging perspective suggested that AnxDs may be associated with accelerated aging. In this paper, we explored the association between AnxDs and hallmarks of accelerated aging, with a specific focus on neuroprogression. We reviewed animal and human findings that suggest an overlap between processes of impaired neurogenesis, neurodegeneration, structural, functional, molecular, and cellular modifications in AnxDs, and aging. Although this research is at an early stage, our review suggests a link between anxiety and accelerated aging across multiple processes involved in neuroprogression. Brain structural and functional changes that accompany normal aging were more pronounced in subjects with AnxDs than in coevals without AnxDs, including reduced grey matter density, white matter alterations, impaired functional connectivity of large-scale brain networks, and poorer cognitive performance. Similarly, molecular correlates of brain aging, including telomere shortening, Aβ accumulation, and immune-inflammatory and oxidative/nitrosative stress, were overrepresented in anxious subjects. No conclusions about causality or directionality between anxiety and accelerated aging can be drawn. Potential mechanisms of this association, limitations of the current research, and implications for treatments and future studies are discussed.
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