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Sharifi R, Vatani A, Sabzi A, Safaei M. A narrative review on application of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in endodontics. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34673. [PMID: 39145007 PMCID: PMC11320137 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The distinct physicochemical and biological characteristics of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have attracted considerable interest in various branches of dentistry as potential solutions to the problems associated with conventional dental treatments and to promote human health. Many scientists have been interested in nanoparticles for endodontic applications in the last several decades. Endodontic treatment is more likely to be successful when metal and metal oxide nanoparticles are used. Endodontic therapies often make use of nanoparticles made of metals and metal oxides. The effect of nano metals and metal oxide in endodontic treatments has not been published or is not widely available in the literature. Therefore, this paper aims to review recent studies on the development and application of some important metal and metal oxide nanoparticles such as silver and silver oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide and other metal oxide nanoparticles in endodontic therapeutic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohollah Sharifi
- Advanced Dental Sciences and Technology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ahmad Vatani
- Students Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amir Sabzi
- Advanced Dental Sciences and Technology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Safaei
- Advanced Dental Sciences and Technology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Jowkar Z, Moaddeli A, Shafiei F, Tadayon T, Hamidi SA. Synthesis and characterization of mesoporous zinc oxide nanoparticles and evaluation of their biocompatibility in L929 fibroblasts. Clin Exp Dent Res 2024; 10:e844. [PMID: 38345519 PMCID: PMC10828904 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to synthesize and characterize mesoporous zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and also to evaluate the cytotoxicity of mesoporous ZnO NPs on L929 mouse fibroblast cell lines using 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. MATERIALS AND METHODS The synthesized mesoporous ZnO NPs were extensively characterized using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDAX), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The cytotoxicity of mesoporous ZnO NPs was assessed by MTT assay. The study groups for cytotoxicity assay were normal saline, 0.1% calcined mesoporous ZnO NP solution, 1% calcined mesoporous ZnO NP solution, 0.1% noncalcined mesoporous ZnO NP solution, 1% noncalcined mesoporous ZnO NP solution, 0.1% ZnO NP solution, 1% ZnO NP solution, 2% chlorhexidine, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The percentages of mean ± standard deviation of viable cells were analyzed. RESULTS Characterization of mesoporous ZnO NPs revealed that all the particles were in a more or less spherical shape with a wide particle size distribution of 70-100 nm. TEM image showed the uniformed and aggregated ZnO NPs with a typical size of 10-15 nm. BET analysis showed a mesoporous structure for the prepared mesoporous ZnO NPs. According to the MTT assay, chlorhexidine had the lowest cell viability percentage. Cell viability percentages of 0.1% mesoporous ZnO NP solutions (calcined and noncalcined) were statistically, significantly higher than 0.1% ZnO NP solution (p < .05). Cell viability percentages of 0.1% calcined and noncalcined mesoporous ZnO NP solutions and 0.1% ZnO NP solution were statistically, significantly higher than the 1% solutions (p < .05). CONCLUSION Mesoporous ZnO NPs exhibited less cytotoxicity against L929 mouse fibroblast cell lines compared to CHX and ZnO NPs, hence are safe to use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jowkar
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of DentistryShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Ali Moaddeli
- Legal Medicine Research CenterLegal Medicine OrganizationTehranIran
| | - Fereshteh Shafiei
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of DentistryShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Tara Tadayon
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of DentistryShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Seyed Ahmadreza Hamidi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of DentistryShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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Nozari A, Rasoolzade B, Jowkar Z, Hamidi SA, Jowkar M. Evaluation of the Effects of Different Types of Resin Cement Systems on the Push-Out Bond Strength of the Fiber Post to Intracanal Dentin in Anterior Primary Teeth. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:8645083. [PMID: 38021345 PMCID: PMC10661842 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8645083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the effects of using three different resin cements on push-out bond strength (PBS) of fiber posts to root canal dentin of primary teeth. Methods Fifty primary canines were randomly divided into five experimental groups according to the type of the luting agent used for fiber post cementation after endodontic treatment and post space preparation as the following: Group 1: glass ionomer cement (GIC), Group 2: flowable resin composite, Group 3: etch and rinse (E&R) resin cement, Group 4: self-etch (SE) resin cement, Group 5: self-adhesive (SA) resin cement. The PBS values of the cemented fiber posts to root canals were measured. The data were statistically analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Results The highest mean PBS value was observed in Group 4 (SE resin cement), followed by Group 3 (E&R resin cement), and the lowest PBS value belonged to Group 1 (GIC), followed by Group 5 (p-values < 0.05). The mean PBS of Group 3 (E&R resin cement) was significantly higher than those of Groups 1 (GIC), 2 (flowable resin composite), and 5 (SA resin cement) (p-values < 0.05). However, no significant difference was found between the mean PBS of GIC and SA resin cement (p-value >0/05). Conclusion Using SE resin cement for fiber post cementation in primary anterior teeth showed the best results, followed by E&R resin cement. The lowest PBS was observed for GIC, followed by SA resin cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nozari
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Boshra Rasoolzade
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Jowkar
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmadreza Hamidi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jowkar
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Sahebi S, Mofidi H, Abbaszadegan A, Gholami A, Eskandari F. The effect of nanobased irrigants on the root canal dentin microhardness: an ex-vivo study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:581. [PMID: 37598165 PMCID: PMC10440035 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the favorable antimicrobial properties of zinc oxide (ZnONPs), standard silver (AgNPs), and imidazolium-based silver (Im-AgNPs) nanoparticles, this study aimed to evaluate their influence on the microhardness of root canal dentin. METHODS In this experimental study, 40 mandibular premolars were decoronated at the cementoenamel junction and longitudinally sectioned into halves to create 80 specimens. They were randomly allocated to 5 groups (n = 16) and irrigated with ZnONPs, AgNPs, Im-AgNPs, NaOCl, or normal saline (as the negative control) for 15 min. The Vickers Hardness Number (VHN) was measured on each root canal third before and after being soaked in irrigants. Statistical analysis was performed using paired t-test, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey's test (α = 0.05). RESULTS Im-AgNPs and ZnONPs irrigants improved the microhardness of root dentin, whereas, AgNPs and NaOCl decreased it. ZnONPs yielded the highest VHN at the coronal third (P˂0.001), while the Im-AgNPs provided the highest VHN at the middle and apical thirds (P˂0.001). The AgNPs group showed the lowest VHN at the apical third. CONCLUSIONS The irrigants containing Im-AgNPs and ZnONPs significantly enhanced the root dentin microhardness. However, the use of AgNPs resulted in decreased microhardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoora Sahebi
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Hossein Mofidi
- Endodontist, Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abbas Abbaszadegan
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Ahmad Gholami
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran.
| | - Fateme Eskandari
- School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Ghasrdasht Street, Shiraz, 71956-15878, Iran.
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Celikten B, Amasya G, Oncu A, Koohnavard M, Saklar F. Effects of chitosan-containing silver nanoparticles or chlorhexidine as the final irrigant on the bond strength of resin-based root canal sealers. J Dent Res Dent Clin Dent Prospects 2022; 16:118-122. [PMID: 36561387 PMCID: PMC9763659 DOI: 10.34172/joddd.2022.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. This study evaluated the combined effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and chitosan on the dentin bond strength of resin-based root canal sealers using the push-out test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Methods. This in vitro study was conducted on 72 extracted mandibular premolar teeth. All the teeth were decoronated perpendicular to the long axis to leave a 13-mm root length. The root canals were prepared, and the samples were randomly divided into seven experimental groups and one control group based on final irrigation solutions. All the final irrigation procedures were performed for one minute. The root canals were dried using paper points and filled with a resin-based sealer and gutta-percha points using a lateral condensation technique. Sections measuring 2 mm in thickness were taken from the apical, middle, and coronal thirds of each root using a cutting machine. The push-out test was performed using a universal testing machine. Results. The solution of AgNPs combined with 0.4% chitosan showed higher bond strength in the coronal region than a combination with 0.2% chitosan. Samples treated with 0.4% chitosan solution exhibited a higher bond strength than the 0.2% chitosan group. There were no significant differences between chlorhexidine (CHX) solution alone and in combination with 0.2% or 0.4% chitosan solution. Conclusion. The combination of chitosan and AgNPs was as effective as CHX in improving the bond strength of resin-based sealers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berkan Celikten
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey,Corresponding author: Berkan Celikten,
| | - Gulin Amasya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysenur Oncu
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehrdad Koohnavard
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Feridun Saklar
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Influence of Resin Cement Thickness and Elastic Modulus on the Stress Distribution of Zirconium Dioxide Inlay-Bridge: 3D Finite Element Analysis. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13223863. [PMID: 34833162 PMCID: PMC8625147 DOI: 10.3390/polym13223863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanical properties and the thickness of the resin cement agents used for bonding inlay bridges can modify the clinical performance of the restoration such as debonding or prosthetic materials fracture. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution and the maximum strain generated by resin cements with different elastic moduli and thicknesses used to cement resin-bonded fixed partial denture (RBFPD). A three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) was used, and a 3D model was created based on a Cone-Beam Computed Tomography system (CBCT). The model was analyzed by the Ansys software. The model fixation occurred at the root of the abutment teeth and an axial load of 300 N was applied on the occlusal surface of the pontic. The highest stress value was observed for the Variolink 0.4 group (1.76 × 106 Pa), while the lowest was noted for the Panavia 0.2 group (1.07 × 106 Pa). Furthermore, the highest total deformation value was found for the Variolink 0.2 group (3.36 × 10-4 m), while the lowest was observed for the Panavia 0.4 group (2.33 × 10-4 m). By means of this FEA, 0.2 mm layer Panavia F2.0 seemed to exhibit a more favorable stress distribution when used for cementation of posterior zirconium-dioxide-based RBFPD. However, both studied materials possessed clinically acceptable properties.
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Jowkar Z, Fattah Z, Ghanbarian S, Shafiei F. The Effects of Silver, Zinc Oxide, and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Used as Dentin Pretreatments on the Microshear Bond Strength of a Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement to Dentin. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:4755-4762. [PMID: 32753864 PMCID: PMC7351978 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s262664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of three nanoparticle solutions used as dentin pretreatments on the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of a conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) to dentin. Materials and Methods Ninety intact human molars were used after sectioning their occlusal surfaces to expose flat dentin surfaces. The specimens were randomly assigned to nine groups (n = 10). Group A was the control group (without using the cavity disinfectant). In groups B, C, D, and E, the prepared dentin surfaces were treated with 1 cc 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 0.1% silver nanoparticle (SNP), 0.1% titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TNP), and 0.1% zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZNP) solutions for 1 minute, respectively, before applying the conditioner. CHX, SNPs, TNPs, and ZNPs were applied for 1 minute after applying the conditioner in groups F, G, H, and I, respectively. The specimens were restored with a conventional GIC and underwent µSBS testing after 24 hours. The data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (p=0.05). Results The applications of the nanoparticles (SNP, TNP, and ZNP) after the conditioner were associated with significantly greater µSBS values compared to that of the control group (p values < 0.05). Significantly higher µSBS values were observed when TNP or ZNP was applied after the conditioner compared to their applications before the conditioner (p values < 0.05). The highest µSBS values were observed when TNP was applied after the conditioner. Conclusion Dentin pretreatment with the nanoparticles after applying the conditioner enhanced the bond strength of the GIC to dentin compared with the control group. The best results were obtained for the TNPs applied after the conditioner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jowkar
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Fattah
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saeedreza Ghanbarian
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Shafiei
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Jowkar Z, Hamidi SA, Shafiei F, Ghahramani Y. The Effect of Silver, Zinc Oxide, and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Used as Final Irrigation Solutions on the Fracture Resistance of Root-Filled Teeth. Clin Cosmet Investig Dent 2020; 12:141-148. [PMID: 32368153 PMCID: PMC7184859 DOI: 10.2147/ccide.s253251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of three nanoparticle solutions used as final root canal irrigants on the fracture resistance of endodontically treated roots. Materials and Methods Sixty intact single-rooted premolar teeth were used after removing the crowns below the cementum–enamel junction to standardize the length of the remaining roots to 13 mm. After instrumenting the roots using ProTaper Universal rotary instruments up to size F4, the roots were randomly divided into six groups (n=10) according to the final irrigating solutions: Group 1: normal saline; Group 2: 2% chlorhexidine (CHX); Group 3: 17% EDTA+2.5% NaOCl; Group 4: 17% EDTA+0.1% silver nanoparticle (SNP) solution; Group 5: 17% EDTA+0.1% titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TNP) solution; Group 6: 17% EDTA+0.1% zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZNP) solution. After filling the root canals with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer, the fracture resistance (FR) values were measured. The data were subjected to the one-way analysis of variance and the Tamhane post hoc test (p=0.05). Results EDTA + NaOCl had the lowest FR value, followed by normal saline and CHX (p values < 0.05). No significant difference was found between the FR of roots irrigated with CHX and normal saline (p > 0.05). The application of nanoparticles (SNP, TNP, and ZNP) was associated with a significantly greater FR than that of other irrigation solutions (p values < 0.05). Conclusion The final irrigation of root canals with nanoparticles enhanced the fracture resistance of the endodontically treated roots. The lowest FR value was observed for NaOCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Jowkar
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Ahmadreza Hamidi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Shafiei
- Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Yasamin Ghahramani
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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