1
|
Valaire R, Garden F, Razmovski‐Naumovski V. Are measures and related symptoms of cachexia recorded as outcomes in gastrointestinal cancer chemotherapy clinical trials? J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:1146-1156. [PMID: 38533530 PMCID: PMC11154796 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia is prevalent in gastrointestinal cancers and worsens patient outcomes and chemotherapy compliance. We examined to what extent registered gastrointestinal cancer chemotherapy clinical trials record measures and related symptoms of cachexia as outcomes, and whether these were associated with trial characteristics. METHODS Four public trial registries (2012-2022) were accessed for Phase II and/or III randomized controlled pancreatic, gastric, and colorectal cancer chemotherapy trial protocols. Trial outcome measures of overall survival and toxicity/side effects, and those related to cachexia [physical activity, weight/body mass index (BMI), dietary limitations, caloric intake, lean muscle mass] and symptoms (appetite loss, diarrhoea, pain, fatigue/insomnia, constipation, nausea, vomiting, and oral mucositis) were extracted, along with the number and types of performance status and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) tools. Data were summarized descriptively. Chi-square tests examined associations between outcomes and trial characteristics (cancer type, trial location, funding source, PROs tools, and commencement year). Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS We included 540 trial protocols (pancreatic (35.2%), colorectal (33.3%) and gastric (31.5%)), with most trials from Europe (44.1%). Trial lead investigator was from academia (28.3%), industry (27.6%) and government (26.3%). Allied health professional involvement (26.9%) occurred at eligibility. Adjuvant therapy in trials was mainly treatment-related (68.1%). Additional medication included anti-nausea (2.2%) and analgesia (0.9%). Trial protocols mostly recorded overall survival (90.4%) and toxicity (78.9%), and the symptoms appetite loss (26.1%) and diarrhoea (19.1%), with the other symptoms recorded in <10% of the trials. Reporting of physical activity (P = 0.001), dietary limitations (P = 0.002), lean muscle mass (P = 0.027), appetite loss (P < 0.001), pain (P = 0.001), nausea (P = 0.012), and oral mucositis (P = 0.049) varied depending cancer type. Toxicity/side effects (P = 0.022), physical activity (P < 0.001), appetite loss, nausea, and vomiting (all P < 0.001), diarrhoea (P = 0.010), pain (P = 0.001), fatigue/insomnia (P = 0.001) varied depending on the trial location. Trial funding was predominantly from private/industry (34.3%) and influenced the reporting of overall survival (P = 0.049), weight/BMI (P = 0.005), caloric intake (P = 0.015), and pain (P = 0.031). Performance status and PROs tools were mentioned in 91.2% and 46.3% of the trials, respectively. Trials that incorporated PROs tools were more likely to report cachexia related outcomes, except for overall survival, lean muscle mass, and oral mucositis. The proportion of trials measuring weight/BMI increased with trial commencement year (P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Cachexia-related outcomes were under-recorded in gastrointestinal cancer chemotherapy trials. As trial patients experience a high symptom burden, cachexia-relevant measures and symptoms should be assessed throughout the trial, and integrated with primary endpoints to support their progress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ross Valaire
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, South West Sydney Clinical CampusesUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW) SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Frances Garden
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, South West Sydney Clinical CampusesUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW) SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
| | - Valentina Razmovski‐Naumovski
- Faculty of Medicine & Health, South West Sydney Clinical CampusesUniversity of New South Wales (UNSW) SydneyKensingtonNSWAustralia
- School of MedicineWestern Sydney UniversityCampbelltownNSWAustralia
- Ingham Institute of Applied Medical ResearchSydneyNSWAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Helei NI, Helei VM, Zhulkevych IV. Secondary lesions of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity as a side effect of complex anticancer treatment: a literature review. J Med Life 2023; 16:1585-1590. [PMID: 38406781 PMCID: PMC10893569 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2023-0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Today, both Ukraine and the world at large are faced with a significant number of oncological diseases with various localizations. The current state of diagnosis, prevention, early detection, and access to treatment leads to a substantial number of people in each country's healthcare system who require comprehensive cancer treatments. Modern medical and diagnosis protocols in oncology involve the usage of ionizing radiation and aggressive toxic chemotherapeutic agents which can significantly disrupt the physiology of the mucous membrane of the digestive tract during treatment, especially of the oral cavity. The most common complication of complex anticancer therapy is the development of various lesions of the oral cavity, including mucositis, which harms the patient's quality of life, limits the doses of chemotherapy and radiation therapy the patient can receive, and also negatively affects the effectiveness of complex therapy treatment. Acute oral mucositis is observed among almost 100% of treatment cases. This is a significant problem for clinical oncology as it may also reduce patient compliance with comprehensive anticancer treatment. The results indicate the presence of oral problems in 100% of patients receiving specialized antitumor chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as the presence of a high need for specialized dental treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nazariy Ivanovych Helei
- Department of Surgical Dentistry and Clinical Disciplines, Uzhhorod National University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Vira Mykhaylivna Helei
- Department of Surgical Dentistry and Clinical Disciplines, Uzhhorod National University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Igor Valentynovych Zhulkevych
- Department of Oncology Radiology Diagnostics and Therapy and Radiation Medicine, I. Horbachevsky, Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Marathe A, Rao GM, Chakrapani M. Spondias pinnata bark extract- an ameliorator of inflammatory derangement in etoposide induced mucositis: An experimental approach. Vet World 2021; 14:1822-1828. [PMID: 34475704 PMCID: PMC8404108 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1822-1828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Mucositis, one of the vulnerabilities of chemotherapy, affects the physiological activities and therapeutic strategies of patients because it can affect the normal cell population. Etoposide is a commonly used chemotherapeutic agent for cancers such as oral, lung, and gastrointestinal. In addition to the abnormal metabolic processes in the body caused by tumorigenesis, new metabolic alterations can occur, such as oxidative stress, antioxidant imbalance, and inflammatory reactions, all of which can contribute to existing patient vulnerability. Therapeutic adjuvants can help overcome these toxic effects. Spondias pinnata is a tropical tree omnipresent in the coastal and Western Ghat section of India that is used for culinary purposes and as a local analgesic. Therefore, we aimed to study the anti-inflammatory effects of S. pinnata in an etoposide-induced mucositis rat model. Materials and Methods: Small intestinal tissue homogenates from albino Wistar rats were used to estimate the levels of glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO), and activities of total antioxidant (TAO), myeloperoxidase (MPO) and Na+-K+ ATPase. The animals were grouped into: (1) normal control, (2) etoposide-induced mucositis (65 mg/kg bodyweight, single IP dose), (3) S. pinnata control group, and (4) etoposide followed by S. pinnata bark extract (200 mg/kg bodyweight, once in a day). Animals were sacrificed after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h and compared with that of the normal control group (n=6). Statistical analysis was performed using EZR software. Results: We observed a significant decrease in the TAO and GSH levels with a marked increase in NO, MPO, and Na+-K+ ATPase activity in the mucositis group. A tendency to recover from the decreased TAO and GSH levels existed in the treated group, showing the protective effects of S. pinnata bark extract against mucositis. In addition, this extract also showed anti-inflammatory effects as reflected by the recovery in MPO levels at the end of 96 h. Maintenance of Na+-K+ ATPase activity in the treated group demonstrates the protective effects of the extract against the increased levels observed in the etoposide-induced mucositis group. Conclusion: This study revealed the protective effects of S. pinnata bark extract against the oxidative and inflammatory changes that occurred during the development ofmucositis. This would decrease the pathological burden during chemotherapy and prevent any hurdles in therapeutic modalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Marathe
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Gayathri M Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - M Chakrapani
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kaizu M, Komatsu H, Yamauchi H, Yamauchi T, Sumitani M, Doorenbos AZ. Characteristics of taste alterations in people receiving taxane-based chemotherapy and their association with appetite, weight, and quality of life. Support Care Cancer 2021; 29:5103-5114. [PMID: 33604787 PMCID: PMC8295069 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06066-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is limited evidence on the effect of chemotherapy-associated taste alteration. This study aimed to evaluate taste alteration characteristics in patients receiving taxane-based chemotherapy and investigate the association of taste alterations with appetite, weight, quality of life (QOL), and adverse events. METHODS This cross-sectional study evaluated 100 patients receiving paclitaxel, docetaxel, or nab-paclitaxel as monotherapy or combination therapy. Taste alterations were evaluated using taste recognition thresholds and severity and symptom scales. Taste recognition thresholds, symptoms, appetite, weight, and adverse events were compared between patients with and without taste alterations, and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors. RESULTS Of the 100 patients, 59% reported taste alterations. We found significantly elevated taste recognition thresholds (hypogeusia) for sweet, sour, and bitter tastes in the taste alteration group receiving nab-paclitaxel (p = 0.022, 0.020, and 0.039, respectively). The taste alteration group reported general taste alterations, decline in basic taste, and decreased appetite. Neither weight nor QOL was associated with taste alterations. Docetaxel therapy, previous chemotherapy, dry mouth, and peripheral neuropathy were significantly associated with taste alterations. CONCLUSIONS Almost 60% of patients receiving taxane-based regimens, especially docetaxel, reported taste alterations. Taste alteration affected the patient's appetite but did not affect the weight or QOL. Docetaxel therapy, previous chemotherapy, dry mouth, and peripheral neuropathy were independent risk factors for taste alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mikiko Kaizu
- Keio University Graduate School of Health Management Course for Nursing, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Hiroko Komatsu
- Japanese Red Cross Kyushu International College of Nursing, 1-1 Asty Munakata-City, Fukuoka, 811-4157, Japan
| | - Hideko Yamauchi
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Teruo Yamauchi
- Division of Medical Oncology, St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Masahiko Sumitani
- Department of Pain and Palliative Medicine, The University of Tokyo Hospital, 7-3-1 Hongou, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ardith Z Doorenbos
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Palliative Care, University of Illinois Cancer Center, 845 S. Damen Ave, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Singh K, Kober KM, Paul SM, Hammer M, Wright F, Conley YP, Levine JD, Miaskowski C. Gastrointestinal symptoms are associated with trajectories of chemotherapy-induced nausea. Support Care Cancer 2019; 28:2205-2215. [PMID: 31428931 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-019-05031-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Between 19 and 58% of oncology patients experience chemotherapy-induced nausea (CIN). In a sample of outpatients with breast, gastrointestinal (GI), gynecological, and lung cancer, the study purposes were to evaluate for inter-individual differences in the severity of CIN over two cycles of chemotherapy (CTX) and to determine which demographic and clinical characteristics and GI symptoms were associated with higher initial levels as well as with the trajectories of CIN severity. METHODS Patients completed study questionnaires at six time points over two cycles of CTX. These questionnaires provided information on demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as the occurrence of twelve GI symptoms. Hierarchical linear modeling based on full maximum likelihood estimation was performed. RESULTS Of the 1251 patients, 47.2% reported CIN. Across two cycles of CTX, lower functional status scores and higher levels of comorbidity were associated with higher initial levels of CIN. Younger age and emetogenicity of the CTX regimen were associated with higher initial levels as well as worse trajectories of CIN. The occurrence of five GI symptoms (i.e., vomiting, lack of appetite, constipation, feeling bloated, and difficulty swallowing) was associated with higher initial levels of CIN. The occurrence of mouth sores was associated with higher initial levels as well as with worst trajectories of CIN. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to identify distinct demographic, clinical, and GI symptom characteristics associated with CIN severity. These findings suggest that the etiology of CIN is complex and may warrant interventions beyond standard antiemetics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Komal Singh
- School of Nursing, Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, 2 Koret Way-N631Y, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0610, USA
| | - Kord M Kober
- School of Nursing, Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, 2 Koret Way-N631Y, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0610, USA
| | - Steven M Paul
- School of Nursing, Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, 2 Koret Way-N631Y, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0610, USA
| | | | - Fay Wright
- Rory Meyers College of Nursing, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yvette P Conley
- School of Nursing, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jon D Levine
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christine Miaskowski
- School of Nursing, Department of Physiological Nursing, University of California, 2 Koret Way-N631Y, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|