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Gashaw F, Erko B, Mekonnen Y, Yenew B, Amare M, Gumi B, Ameni G. Phenotypic and genotypic drug sensitivity profiles of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and associated factors in northeastern Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:261. [PMID: 33711936 PMCID: PMC7953820 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-05961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis is a devastating and a deadly disease despite the novel advances in its diagnostic tools and drug therapy. Drug resistant Mycobacterium contributes a great share to tuberculosis mortality. Status of drug resistance and patients’ awareness toward the disease is unknown in northeastern Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic drug sensitivity patterns and associated factors in Oromia Special Zone and Dessie Town, northeastern Ethiopia. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 384 smear positive tuberculosis cases were recruited and Löwenstein-Jensen culture was done. The performance of GenoTypic MTBDRplus assay using the conventional BACTEC MGIT 960 as a “gold standard” was determined. Drug resistant strains were identified using spoligotyping. Pearson Chi-square test was used to determine the association of drug sensitivity test and tuberculosis type, lineages, dominant strains and clustering of the isolates. Results The 384 smear positive Mycobacterium samples were cultured on LJ media of which 29.2% (112/384) as culture positive. A fair agreement was found between MTBDRplus assay and the conventional MGIT test in detecting the Mycobacterium tuberculosis with sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of 94.2, 30.2, 68.4 and 76.5%, respectively. Among LJ culture positive samples 95 of them gave valid result for MTBDRplus assay and 16.8% (16/95) as drug resistant. Similarly, MGIT subculture was made for the 112 isolates and 69 of them gave positive result with 15.9% (11/69) as drug resistant. Cohen’s kappa value showed almost a perfect agreement between the two testing methods in detecting rifampicin (sensitivity 100% and specificity 98.3%) and multi-drug resistance (sensitivity 83.3% and specificity 100%). Spoligotyping identified 76.5% (13/17) of the drug resistant isolates as Euro-American and family 33 as the predominant family. Significant association was observed between drug resistant isolates and the dominant strains (χ2: 34.861; p = 0.040) of the Mycobacterium. Conclusion Higher magnitude of drug resistance was found in the study area. The GenoTypic MDRTBplus assay had an acceptable drug sensitivity testing performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fikru Gashaw
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. .,Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. .,Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Kotebe Metropolitan University, P.O. Box 31248, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Berhanu Erko
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yalemtsehay Mekonnen
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bazezew Yenew
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Misikir Amare
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Balako Gumi
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Gobena Ameni
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Investigation of the Sensitivity of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Strains Isolated from Various Clinical Samples in Eastern Turkey to Major Anti-tuberculosis Drugs. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.16899/jcm.841505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Szaluś-Jordanow O, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Czopowicz M, Olkowski A, Łobaczewski A, Rzewuska M, Sapierzyński R, Wiatr E, Garncarz M, Frymus T. Intracardiac tuberculomas caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a dog. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:109. [PMID: 27301275 PMCID: PMC4908798 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This paper presents an unusual form of disseminated Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a dog. The infection lasted at least one year and its main gross lesions were massive cardiac tuberculomas. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of heart tuberculomas in a dog. Case presentation A 9-year-old mixed-breed male dog weighing 10 kg was referred to the clinic for cardiological evaluation before general anesthesia. The echocardiography revealed a lump of about 20 mm in diameter in the area of the left atrium. Almost one year later the same dog was presented again in severe clinical state (fever, anorexia, weight loss, depression, cough, dyspnea, lymphadenomegaly, vomiting, recent episodes of fainting). Due to progression of the disease and poor effects of treatment the owner decided to euthanize the dog. Most prominent lesions observed during autopsy were diffuse pneumonia, fibrinous pericarditis and epicarditis as well as large, yellow, semisolid masses of caseous necrosis in the left and right atrium (30 mm and 15 mm in diameter, respectively). From both pulmonary and cardiac lesions M. tuberculosis was isolated on Lowenstein-Jensen slants and in Bactec Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube 960 liquid media, and confirmed by BD ProbeTec ET Direct Detection Assay and spoligotyping. Conclusion Companion animals may occasionally suffer from tuberculosis but majority of cases probably remain misdiagnosed or undetected. Typically tuberculosis in dogs affects lungs and their regional lymph nodes. Even in humans tuberculomas are rare manifestation of mycobacterial infection, mostly seen in the central nervous system. Atypical location of main tuberculous lesions may account for lack of correct ante mortem diagnosis in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Szaluś-Jordanow
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Division of Infectious Diseases, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Płocka 26 Street, 01-138, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Czopowicz
- Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Olkowski
- Veterinary Clinic "Auxilium" Arkadiusz Olkowski, Królewska St. 64, 05-822, Milanówek, Poland
| | - Andrzej Łobaczewski
- Veterinary Clinic "Auxilium" Arkadiusz Olkowski, Królewska St. 64, 05-822, Milanówek, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rzewuska
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Division of Microbiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Ciszewskiego 8 Street, 02-786, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Sapierzyński
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wiatr
- Third Department of Lung Diseases, Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Płocka 26 Street, 01-138, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Garncarz
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Frymus
- Department of Small Animal Diseases with Clinic, Division of Infectious Diseases, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159c Street, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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