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Owais SM, Ansar F, Saqib M, Wahid K, Rashid K, Mumtaz H. Unforeseen complications: a case of dengue shock syndrome presenting with multi-organ dysfunction in a subtropical region. Trop Med Health 2023; 51:39. [PMID: 37461097 PMCID: PMC10351108 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-023-00530-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OVERVIEW Dengue fever, a viral illness transmitted by the Aedes mosquito, is capable of causing a range of serious complications, including fulminant hepatic failure, renal dysfunction, encephalitis, encephalopathy, neuromuscular and ophthalmic disorders, seizures, and cardiomyopathy. CASE DESCRIPTION This report details the case of a 30-year-old lactating woman with no notable medical history who presented to the emergency department with symptoms of high-grade fever, altered mental status, and seizures. Upon imaging, bilateral infarcts in the thalami and cerebellar hemispheres were observed, consistent with cerebellitis and dengue encephalitis. PATIENT TREATMENT AND OUTCOME The patient was admitted to the intensive care unit and received appropriate treatment. Following a critical phase and successful patient stabilization, she was transferred to a high dependency unit for a week before being discharged with recommendations for follow-up care. CONCLUSION This case illustrates the broad spectrum of complications that can arise as a result of dengue infection and the importance of timely diagnosis and management in improving patient outcomes. Further investigation is required to better understand the mechanisms underlying these complications and to formulate specific guidelines for the prevention and treatment of dengue shock syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Farrukh Ansar
- Quaid e Azam International Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | | | - Khatira Wahid
- Northwest General Hospital & Research Centre, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Rashid
- James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough, UK
- University of Sunderland, Sunderland, England UK
| | - Hassan Mumtaz
- Maroof International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Blockade of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) attenuates vascular dyshomeostasis and liver dysfunction induced by dengue virus infection. Med Hypotheses 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2022.110898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Syed Abas SS, Abdul Karim N, Periyasamy P, Yusof N, Shah SA, Leong TT, Md Sani SS, Othman H, Salleh SA, Mohd Zaidi NN, Abdul Wahid SF, Wan Jamaludin WF. Correlation of Dengue Warning Signs during Febrile Phase with Rotational Thromboelastometry, Cortisol and Feritin. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020807. [PMID: 35055629 PMCID: PMC8775610 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Dengue mortality remains high despite monitoring against warning signs (WS). The associations of WS at febrile phase (FP) and hemorrhage at defervescence with the levels and kinetics of ROTEM, platelet count, cortisol, and ferritin were analyzed. Patients with confirmed dengue serology and WS in two centers were screened (n = 275) and 62 eligible patients were recruited prospectively over 9 months. “Vomiting” was the commonest WS (62.9%), with shortened clotting time (CT) INTEM (p = 0.01). “Hematocrit increase” showed significant prolonged CT INTEM, EXTEM, and FIBTEM (p < 0.05). “Platelet decrease” showed reduced platelet function and reduced clot amplitude at 10 min (A10) and maximum clot firmness (MCF) in INTEM and EXTEM (p < 0.001). The kinetics were reduced in platelet count, CT EXTEM, and cortisol (p < 0.05) but increased in CT INTEM (p = 0.03). At FP, “vomiting”, “hematocrit increase”, and “platelet decrease” demonstrated impaired CT, clot strengths A10/MCF and platelet functions. Majority (60/62, 96.7%) had non-severe outcomes, consistent with increase in cortisol kinetics. In conclusion, “vomiting”, “hematocrit increase” and “platelet decrease” at FP correlated with ROTEM. No conclusion could be made further regarding ferritin and cortisol. Larger study is required to study “hematocrit increase” with ROTEM as a potential marker for hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noralisa Abdul Karim
- Pusat Terapi Sel, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (N.A.K.); (N.N.M.Z.); (S.F.A.W.)
| | - Petrick Periyasamy
- Infectious Disease Unit, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Nurasyikin Yusof
- Hemostasis & Blood Transfusion Unit, Department of Diagnostic Laboratory Services, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Shamsul Azhar Shah
- Department of Community Health, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Tan Toh Leong
- Emergency Department, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Saiful Safuan Md Sani
- Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, Jalan Pahang, Kuala Lumpur 50586, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Hanita Othman
- Chemical Pathology Unit, Department of Diagnostic Laboratory Services, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Sharifah Azura Salleh
- Infection Control Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Cheras 56000, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;
| | - Nurul Nadiah Mohd Zaidi
- Pusat Terapi Sel, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (N.A.K.); (N.N.M.Z.); (S.F.A.W.)
| | - S Fadilah Abdul Wahid
- Pusat Terapi Sel, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (N.A.K.); (N.N.M.Z.); (S.F.A.W.)
| | - Wan Fariza Wan Jamaludin
- Pusat Terapi Sel, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; (N.A.K.); (N.N.M.Z.); (S.F.A.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-9145-7709
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Shahila M AG, Jothilingam P. A hospital based cross-sectional study on platelet parameters in adult patients with dengue, its serological subgroups, and controls. Platelets 2021; 33:291-297. [PMID: 33784226 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2021.1902967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Our objective was to analyze if there was a significant relationship between platelet parameters (PLT, MPV, PDW, P-LCR, PCT) among dengue, its serological subgroups and controls. Serologically proven adult patients with dengue {(n = 238) (NS1 positive = 218, IgM positive = 14, NS1 & IgM positive = 6)} and age- and gender-matched controls (n = 254) were included. The MPV, PDW and P-LCR were significantly higher, and PLT and PCT were significantly lower in cases compared with controls. Cases as well as controls showed a positive correlation between PLT and PCT, both parameters individually showed negative correlation with MPV, PDW, P-LCR. MPV, PDW and P-LCR showed positive correlation with each other. The results were similar in the serological subgroups. Comparison of our results with other studies points toward an overall hyperdestructive etiology for thrombocytopenia in dengue. There were two subgroups of cases based on the severity of thrombocytopenia. The mean/median value of all the platelet parameters was lesser in the ≤20k group than the >20k group, except for PDW, which was high although not statistically significant. Suppression of megakaryopoiesis with concomitant immune destruction of platelets in severe dengue could explain low MPV and P-LCR with a high PDW in view of the presence of microthrombocytes as a result of immune destruction. Although an overall hyperdestructive mechanism contributes to thrombocytopenia in dengue, regular monitoring of the platelet indices could reflect the status of megakaryopoiesis and thrombokinetic axis, thus aiding easy determination of pathophysiology and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Gnana Shahila M
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Government Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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5
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Madanayake P, Jayawardena A, Wijekoon SL, Perera N, Wanigasuriya J. Fluid requirement in adult dengue haemorrhagic fever patients during the critical phase of the illness: an observational study. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:286. [PMID: 33743614 PMCID: PMC7981820 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-05971-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue fever prevalence is rising globally and it causes significant morbidity and mortality. Fluid extravasation during the critical phase of dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) leads to shock, multi-organ failure and death if not resuscitated appropriately with fluids. The mainstay of management is judicious fluid replacement using a guideline based, calculated fluid quota of maintenance (M) fluid plus 5% deficit (M + 5% deficit) to prevent organ hypoperfusion. Methods We conducted an observational follow-up study in Sri Lanka from January–July 2017 to identify the fluid requirements of DHF patients and to identify whether features of fluid overload are present in patients who exceeded the fluid quota. Patients who developed DHF following admission to the place of study, were recruited and the amount of fluid received during the critical phase was documented. Results A total of 115 DHF patients with a mean age of 30.3 (SD 12.2) years were recruited to the study. There were 65 (56.5%) males and the mean fluid requirement was 5279.7 ml (SD 735) over the 48 h. Majority of the study participants (n = 80, 69.6%) received fluid in excess of the recommended maintenance + 5% deficit and this group had higher body mass index (22.75 vs 20.76, p0.03) and a lower white cell count at the onset of the critical phase (3.22 × 103 vs 4.78 × 103, p < 0.001). The highest fluid requirement was seen within the first 12 and 24 h of the critical phase in patients requiring fluid M + 5%–7.5% deficit and ≥ M + 7.5% deficit respectively. Patients exceeding M + 5% deficit had narrow pulse pressure and hypotension compared to the rest. DHF grades III and IV were seen exclusively in patients exceeding the fluid quota indicating higher amount of fluid was given for resuscitation. Fluid overload was detected in 14 (12.1%) patients and diuretic therapy was required in 6 (5.2%) patients. Conclusions The majority of patients received fluid in excess of the recommended quota and this group represents patients with narrow pulse pressure and hypotension. Although, fluid overload was infrequent in the study population, clinicians should be cautious when administering fluid in excess of M + 7.5% deficit. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12879-021-05971-6.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aeu Jayawardena
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - S L Wijekoon
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - N Perera
- Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Kalubowila, Sri Lanka. .,Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.
| | - Jkp Wanigasuriya
- Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Kalubowila, Sri Lanka.,Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
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6
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Saroyo YB, Sungkar A, Irwinda R, Surya R. Case Series of Dengue Fever in Peripartum Period: Maternal and Foetal Outcome. Infect Dis Rep 2020; 12:51-60. [PMID: 33147733 PMCID: PMC7768497 DOI: 10.3390/idr12030013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Dengue fever is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical areas. There are not many studies concerning the complications of dengue fever in pregnancy. We present four serial cases of dengue fever in pregnancy. Case illustration: Three of four cases were delivered by caesarean section; two of them died during post-caesarean care. All cases had the lowest platelet level below 50,000/µL and were given platelet transfusion during and after delivery; they also showed abnormal liver function tests. For foetal outcome, none tested positive for dengue. Discussion: Complication of dengue infection depends on a combination of host and viral virulence. Regardless of prophylactic platelet transfusion, some studies revealed clinical bleeding in patients with dengue infection due to an intricate effect on the haemostatic system. The adverse foetal outcome may contribute because of placental circulation caused by endothelial damage with increased vascular permeability leading to plasma leakage. There is no national guideline for dengue fever in pregnancy. Conclusions: The management of dengue fever in pregnancy at the tertiary hospital is still suboptimal. Dengue fever around peripartum presents a higher risk of morbidity and mortality for the mother and therefore needs a multidiscipline team approach.
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Ali F, Chorsiya A, Anjum V, Khasimbi S, Ali A. A systematic review on phytochemicals for the treatment of dengue. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1782-1816. [PMID: 33118251 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue fever is prevalent in subtopic regions, producing mortality and morbidity worldwide, which have been of major concern to different governments and World Health Organization. The search of new anti-dengue agents from phytochemicals was assumed to be highly emergent in past. The phytochemicals have been used in wide distribution of vector ailments such as malaria. The demand of the phytochemicals is based on the medicines which are mostly considered to be safer, less harmful than synthetic drugs and nontoxic. This review mentions majorly about the phytochemicals potentially inhibiting dengue fever around the world. The phytochemicals have been isolated from different species, have potential for the treatment of dengue. Different crude extracts and essential oils obtained from different species showed a broad activity against different phytochemicals. The current studies showed that natural products represent a rich source of medicines toward the dengue fever. Furthermore, ethnobotanical surveys and laboratory investigation established identified natural plants species in the development of drug discovery to control the dengue fever.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraat Ali
- Department of Inspection and Licensing, Laboratory Services, Botswana Medicines Regulatory Authority, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Anushma Chorsiya
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, India
| | - Varisha Anjum
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Shaik Khasimbi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Delhi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research (DIPSAR), New Delhi, India
| | - Asad Ali
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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8
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Alkaff AH, Saragih M, Fardiansyah MA, Tambunan USF. Role of Immunoinformatics in Accelerating Epitope-Based Vaccine Development against Dengue Virus. Open Biochem J 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1874091x02014010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue Fever (DF) has emerged as a significant public health problem of international concern with its high prevalence in the tropic and subtropical regions. Dengue Virus (DENV), which is the cause of DF, consists of four serotypes of antigenically distinct viruses. The immense variation and limited identity similarity at the amino acid level lead to a problematic challenge in the development of an efficacious vaccine. Fortunately, the extensively available immunological data, the advance in antigenic peptide prediction, and the incorporation of molecular docking and dynamics simulation in immunoinformatics have directed the vaccine development towards the rational design of the epitope-based vaccine. Here, we point out the current state of dengue epidemiology and the recent development in vaccine development. Subsequently, we provide a systematic review of our validated method and tools for B- and T-cell epitope prediction as well as the use of molecular docking and dynamics in evaluating epitope affinity and stability in the discovery of a new tetravalent dengue vaccine through computational epitope-based vaccine design.
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Dengue and Chikungunya Infections in Children : Guest Editor: Bhim S. Pandhi. Indian J Pediatr 2019; 86:287-295. [PMID: 30511272 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-018-2794-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dengue and Chikungunya are two important mosquito-borne acute febrile illnesses in children. With increased urbanization and newer strains of chikungunya virus with improved transmission with Aedes albopictus, the at-risk population for these infections has greatly increased. Dengue fever has been classified by WHO as dengue with/ without warning signs and severe dengue. Severe dengue is associated with hemorrhagic manifestations, hypovolemia and hypotension secondary to third space loss due to capillary leak or severe end organ dysfunction. NS1 antigen detection and dengue polymerase chain reaction, [polymerase chain reaction (PCR during first 5 d)] and IgM for dengue (6th day of fever onwards) are commonly utilized diagnostic tests. Appropriate fluid therapy with timely tapering of intravenous fluid rate with hematocrit, treatment of hemorrhagic manifestations and clinical monitoring are the mainstay of dengue treatment. Chikungunya has less severe course with shorter febrile phase with prominent and persistent joint symptoms. PCR and IgM against chikungunya are appropriate investigations. Treatment is supportive for chikungunya infection with appropriate joint pain relief.
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10
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Lee YR, Kuo SH, Lin CY, Fu PJ, Lin YS, Yeh TM, Liu HS. Dengue virus-induced ER stress is required for autophagy activation, viral replication, and pathogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:489. [PMID: 29323257 PMCID: PMC5765116 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18909-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) utilizes the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for replication and assembling. Accumulation of unfolded proteins in the ER lumen leads to ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR). Three branches of UPRs temporally modulated DENV infection. Moreover, ER stress can also induce autophagy. DENV infection induces autophagy which plays a promotive role in viral replication has been reported. However, the role of ER stress in DENV-induced autophagy, viral titer, and pathogenesis remain unclear. Here, we reveal that ER stress and its downstream UPRs are indispensable for DENV-induced autophagy in various human cells. We demonstrate that PERK-eIF2α and IRE1α-JNK signaling pathways increased autophagy and viral load after DENV infection. However, ATF6-related pathway showed no effect on autophagy and viral replication. IRE1α-JNK downstream molecule Bcl-2 was phosphorylated by activated JNK and dissociated from Beclin 1, which playing a critical role in autophagy activation. These findings were confirmed as decreased viral titer, attenuated disease symptoms, and prolonged survival rate in the presence of JNK inhibitor in vivo. In summary, we are the first to reveal that DENV2-induced ER stress increases autophagy activity, DENV replication, and pathogenesis through two UPR signaling pathways both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ray Lee
- Department of Medical Research, Chiayi Christian Hospital, 600, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Han Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yen Lin
- Department of Medical Research, Chiayi Christian Hospital, 600, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Po-Jung Fu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Trai-Ming Yeh
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Sheng Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, 701, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Soe HJ, Khan AM, Manikam R, Samudi Raju C, Vanhoutte P, Sekaran SD. High dengue virus load differentially modulates human microvascular endothelial barrier function during early infection. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2993-3007. [PMID: 29182510 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma leakage is the main pathophysiological feature in severe dengue, resulting from altered vascular barrier function associated with an inappropriate immune response triggered upon infection. The present study investigated functional changes using an electric cell-substrate impedance sensing system in four (brain, dermal, pulmonary and retinal) human microvascular endothelial cell (MEC) lines infected with purified dengue virus, followed by assessment of cytokine profiles and the expression of inter-endothelial junctional proteins. Modelling of changes in electrical impedance suggests that vascular leakage in dengue-infected MECs is mostly due to the modulation of cell-to-cell interactions, while this loss of vascular barrier function observed in the infected MECs varied between cell lines and DENV serotypes. High levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-α), chemokines (CXCL1, CXCL5, CXCL11, CX3CL1, CCL2 and CCL20) and adhesion molecules (VCAM-1) were differentially produced in the four infected MECs. Further, the tight junctional protein, ZO-1, was down-regulated in both the DENV-1-infected brain and pulmonary MECs, while claudin-1, PECAM-1 and VE-cadherin were differentially expressed in these two MECs after infection. Non-purified virus stock was also studied to investigate the impact of virus stock purity on dengue-specific immune responses, and the results suggest that virus stock propagated through cell culture may include factors that mask or alter the DENV-specific immune responses of the MECs. The findings of the present study show that high DENV load differentially modulates human microvascular endothelial barrier function and disrupts the function of inter-endothelial junctional proteins during early infection with organ-specific cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Jen Soe
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Asif M Khan
- Centre for Bioinformatics, School of Data Sciences, Perdana University, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rishya Manikam
- Trauma and Emergency (Academic), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chandramathi Samudi Raju
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Paul Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Shamala Devi Sekaran
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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Rosa CT, Navinan MR, Samarawickrama S, Hamza H, Gunarathne M, Arulanantham A, Subba N, Samarasiri U, Mathias T, Kulatunga A. Bilateral rectus sheath haematoma complicating dengue virus infection in a patient on warfarin for mechanical aortic valve replacement: a case report. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10:26. [PMID: 28061906 PMCID: PMC5219719 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The management of Dengue virus infection can be challenging. Varied presentations and numerous complications intrinsic to dengue by itself increase the complexity of treatment and potential mortality. When burdened with the presence of additional comorbidities and the need to continue compulsory medications, clear stepwise definitive guidance is lacking and patients tend to have more complex complications and outcomes calling to question the clinical decisions that may have been taken. The use and continuation of warfarin in dengue virus infection is one such example. Case presentation We report a 65 year old South Asian female who presented with dengue fever. She had a history bronchial asthma, a prior abdominal surgery, and was on warfarin and maintained a therapeutically appropriate internationalized normalized ratio for a mechanical aortic valve replacement. Though preemptive decision to stop warfarin was taken with decreasing platelet counts, her clinical course was complicated with the development of bilateral rectus sheath haematoma’s requiring resuscitation with blood transfusions. Conclusion Though management of dengue viral fever has seen drastic evolution with recent updated guidance, clinical scenarios seen in the course of the illness still pose challenges to the managing physician. The need to continue obligatory anticoagulation which may seem counterintuitive during a complex disease such as dengue virus infection must be considered after understanding the potential risks versus that of its benefits. Though case by case decisions maybe warranted, a clear protocol would be very helpful in making clinical decisions, as the correct preemptive decision may potentially avert catastrophic and unpredictable bleeding events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Himam Hamza
- Internal Medicine, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Neeha Subba
- Internal Medicine, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Udari Samarasiri
- Internal Medicine, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Thushara Mathias
- Internal Medicine, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Aruna Kulatunga
- Internal Medicine, National Hospital of Sri Lanka, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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13
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John DV, Lin YS, Perng GC. Biomarkers of severe dengue disease - a review. J Biomed Sci 2015; 22:83. [PMID: 26462910 PMCID: PMC4604634 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-015-0191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus infection presents a wide spectrum of manifestations including asymptomatic condition, dengue fever (DF), or severe forms, such as dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) in affected individuals. The early prediction of severe dengue in patients without any warning signs who may later develop severe DHF is very important to choose appropriate intensive supportive therapy since available vaccines for immunization are yet to be approved. Severe dengue responses include T and B cell activation and apoptosis, cytokine storm, hematologic disorders and complement activation. Cytokines, complement and other unidentified factors may transiently act on the endothelium and alter normal fluid barrier function of the endothelial cells and cause plasma leakage. In this review, the host factors such as activated immune and endothelial cells and their products which can be utilized as biomarkers for severe dengue disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Vanitha John
- Biotechnology Research Institute, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Yee-Shin Lin
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
| | - Guey Chuen Perng
- Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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