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Torres-Borrego J, Sánchez-Solís M. Dissecting Airborne Allergens. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5856. [PMID: 37762797 PMCID: PMC10532401 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12185856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is a heterogeneous and very complex group of diseases, and includes different clinical phenotypes depending on symptoms, progression, exacerbation patterns, or responses to treatment, among other characteristics. The allergic phenotype is the most frequent, especially in pediatric asthma. It is characterized by sensitization (the production of specific IgEs) to allergens and frequent comorbidity with rhinitis as well as atopic dermatitis. Given the complexity of allergic asthma, knowledge of it must be approached from different points of view: clinical, histological, physiological, epidemiological, biochemical, and immunological, among others. Since partial approaches do not allow for the understanding of this complexity, it is necessary to have multidimensional knowledge that helps in performing the optimal management of each case, avoiding a "blind men and elephant parable" approach. Allergens are antigens that trigger the production of specific IgE antibodies in susceptible individuals, who present symptoms that will depend on the type and intensity of the allergenic load as well as the tissue where the interaction occurs. Airborne allergens cause their effects in the respiratory tract and eyes, and can be indoor or outdoor, perennial, or seasonal. Although allergens such as mites, pollens, or animal dander are generally considered single particles, it is important to note that they contain different molecules which could trigger distinct specific IgE molecules in different patients. General practitioners, pediatricians, and other physicians typically diagnose and treat asthma based on clinical and pulmonary function data in their daily practice. This nonsystematic and nonexhaustive revision aims to update other topics, especially those focused on airborne allergens, helping the diagnostic and therapeutic processes of allergic asthma and rhinitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Torres-Borrego
- Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit, Reina Sofia Children’s University Hospital, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), University of Cordoba, Av. Menendez Pidal sn, 14004 Cordoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez-Solís
- Pediatric Respiratory and Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Children’s Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), University of Murcia, Avda Teniente Flomesta, 5, 30003 Murcia, Spain;
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Damo LH, Ribeiro LAN, Vieira L, Ohlweiler LM, Johann L, Majolo F, da Silva GL. Effects of in-house and commercial extracts of the allergenic mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae on murine and human cell responses. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2023; 90:33-45. [PMID: 37311927 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Mites are among the major sources of domestic and occupational allergens worldwide, and continuous exposure to these allergens leads to chronic airway inflammation. One of the most allergenic species is the storage mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank). Protein extracts are produced from this mite for tests that help the clinical diagnosis (via prick test), treatment, and monitoring of disease progression in patients who had positive results for allergic reactions. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the cell viability of RAW 264.7 and L929 cells when exposed to in-house raw protein extracts of T. putrescentiae compared to a commercial product, as well as quantify TNF-α secretion by RAW 264.7. Additionally, this study quantified the effect of these extracts in IgE secretion in total blood of people affected by this mite. The study found similarity between the in-house extract and the commercial extract as they had equivalent TNF-α secretion. Additionally, viabilities of RAW 264.7 and L929 exposed to the in-house extract were compatible with viabilities of cells exposed to the commercial extract, with no cytotoxicity at the concentrations tested. Results corroborated the hypothesis that the extract produced in-house would be equivalent to the commercial extract in allergic patients when the IgE was quantified. This study is the first to show the cytotoxicity of T. putrescentiae extracts, and to provide a quantitative analysis of TNF-α and IgE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Helena Damo
- Curso de Biomedicina, Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz Artur Nunes Ribeiro
- Curso de Medicina, Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Vieira
- Curso de Medicina, Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Marina Ohlweiler
- Curso de Biomedicina, Ciências da Vida, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Liana Johann
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Ambientais Sutentáveis - PPGSAS, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Majolo
- Curso de Medicina, Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas - PPGCM, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Liberato da Silva
- Curso de Medicina, Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sistemas Ambientais Sutentáveis - PPGSAS, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas - PPGCM, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, RS, Brazil.
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Tsai JJ, Yen CY, Hsu CH, Yu SJ, Chen CH, Liao EC. Immunomodulatory effects of modified Liu-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan Traditional Chinese medicine on allergic asthmatic mice. ALLERGY, ASTHMA, AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 19:35. [PMID: 37101296 PMCID: PMC10134635 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-023-00792-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma occurs worldwide and is particularly prevalent in westernized countries characterized by chronic airway inflammation resulting in airway hyperresponsiveness. The house dust mites (HDM) including Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus are major sources of sensitization and triggering allergic symptoms in asthmatic patients. The Der p 2 is a major allergen and the predominant source of causative respiratory disorders which induce airway inflammation and bronchial constriction in mite-allergic patients. Few studies evaluate the ameliorating effects of modified Liu-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan (modified LWDHW) on allergic asthma. METHODS This study aimed to investigate the immunological mechanisms of modified LWDHW on the reductions of airway inflammation, signal transduction, inflammatory cytokine production, Th2 cell proliferation, and bronchial obstruction in Der p 2-induced asthmatic mice. RESULTS At least ten active ingredients were contained in the formula of modified LWDHW- 1217A and 1217B. Results showed that the immunoglobulin generations (Der p 2 specific- IgE and IgG1), inflammatory cytokine productions (IL-5 and IL-13) in the Sera and BALF could be down-regulated, and the Th1-cytokine productions (IL-12 and IFN-γ) be increased after immunotherapy with modified LWDHW of 1217A or 1217B. The inflammatory cell infiltrations (macrophages, eosinophils, and neutrophils) in the airway and the expressions of TH2-related genes (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13), TH2-related transcription factor (GATA-3), and neutrophil chemotactic chemokine (IL-8) in the lung tissue of asthmatic mice were significantly decreased after the immunotherapy. The Th1/Th2 polarization had been identified that the IL-4+/CD4+ T cells were downregulated and IFN-γ+/CD4+ T cells were increased. The airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine inhalation of Penh values was significantly decreased in the treated groups. There were significant improvements in the bronchus histopathology after immunotherapy with 1217A or 1217B which were evaluated by tracheal thickness, inflammatory cell count, and tracheal rupture of mouse lung. CONCLUSION It revealed that 1217A or 1217B could regulate the immune responses and improve pulmonary function. Data suggests that modified LWDHW of 1217A or 1217B have the potential for use as a therapeutic intervention for the treatment of mite allergen Der p 2-induced allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaw-Ji Tsai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yang Yen
- Department of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Hsu
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Heping Fuyou Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Jie Yu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsien Chen
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No.46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan
| | - En-Chih Liao
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, No.46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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Wang J, Que SQ, Liu X, Jin M, Xin TR, Zou ZW, Xia B. Characteristic and expression of Hsp70 and Hsp90 genes from Tyrophagus putrescentiae and their response to thermal stress. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11672. [PMID: 34083669 PMCID: PMC8175703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91206-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of insects is critically affected by temperature, which therefore plays an important role in the control of stored grain pests. Extreme temperature stress conditions lead to biological responses in mites, such as the synthesis of heat shock proteins. Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Tp) is a pest mite in stored grain that has negative effects on both economy and health. Since T. putrescentiae population dynamics are strongly influenced by temperature, in the present study we have cloned the cDNA of HSP70 and HSP90 (referred to as TpHSP70-1, TpHSP70-2 and TpHSP90) and determined their expression by fluorescence real time quantitative PCR. TpHSP70 and TpHSP90 showed high homology with similar genes in other species and the open reading frames of TpHSP70-1, TpHSP70-2 and TpHSP90 encoded proteins of 665, 661 and 718 amino acid residues, respectively. Under thermal stress, expression of TpHsp70-1 and TpHsp90 was up-regulated at higher temperatures, suggesting their role in the defense against thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Sheng-Quan Que
- Institute of Forest Pest, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Mengru Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Tian-Rong Xin
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Bin Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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Case report: Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Acari) attacking laying birds in conventional poultry houses. Vet Res Commun 2021; 45:159-162. [PMID: 33895909 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-021-09793-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank) (Acaridae) is one of the most allergenic mite species worldwide, and it particularly infests household environments, animal feed factories, and food factories. It has been the aim of several studies recently in the healthcare area due to its allergenic potential. However, there had been no records of this species attacking laying birds until this report. This is the first record of adverse reactions in animals triggered by infestations of this species. Therefore, the present study aims at describing the damages and symptomatology of T. putrescentiae infestations on commercial laying hens. Alopecia and dermatitis were symptoms exacerbated by T. putrescentiae infestation starting at 40 weeks old. The presence of this species on hens, as observed in the present study, might be directly related to the accumulation of food and poultry litter on these birds, in their cages, or in the vicinities. Hence, the results might be related to their feeding behavior, which consists of continuous supply of animal feed in these management systems. The present study provides an unprecedented record that reveals the importance and potential for emergency pest status of T. putrescentiae in the poultry industry. Its infestations in poultry houses probably required constant sanitary care and monitoring are required in order to prevent outbreaks of this mite.
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Lin J, Huang N, Li J, Liu X, Xiong Q, Hu C, Chen D, Guan L, Chang K, Li D, Tsui SKW, Zhong N, Liu Z, Yang PC. Cross-reactive antibodies against dust mite-derived enolase induce neutrophilic airway inflammation. Eur Respir J 2021; 57:13993003.02375-2019. [PMID: 32817257 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02375-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Neutrophilic inflammation is a hallmark of some specific asthma phenotypes; its aetiology is not yet fully understood. House dust mite (HDM) is the most common factor in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation. This study aims to elucidate the role of cross-antibodies against HDM-derived factors in the development of neutrophilic inflammation in the airway. METHODS Blood samples were collected from asthma patients with chronic neutrophilic asthma for analysis of HDM-specific cross-reactive antibodies. The role of an antibody against HDM-derived enolase (EnoAb) in the impairment of airway epithelial barrier function and induction of airway inflammation was assessed in a cell culture model and an animal model. RESULTS High similarity (72%) of the enolase gene sequences was identified between HDM and human. Serum EnoAb was detected in patients with chronic neutrophilic asthma. The EnoAb bound to airway epithelial cells to form complexes with enolase, which activated complement, impaired airway epithelial barrier functions and induced neutrophilic inflammation in the airway tissues. CONCLUSIONS HDM-derived enolase can induce specific cross-antibodies in humans, which induce neutrophilic inflammation in the airway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianli Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Nana Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Qing Xiong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chengshen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Desheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lvxin Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kexin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - Nanshan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Center for Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Nanshan Zhong, Zhigang Liu and Ping-Chang Yang contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Zhigang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Nanshan Zhong, Zhigang Liu and Ping-Chang Yang contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Ping-Chang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease for Allergy at Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University School of Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Immunity and Diseases, Shenzhen, China.,Nanshan Zhong, Zhigang Liu and Ping-Chang Yang contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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Yu CH, Tsai JJ, Lin YH, Yu SJ, Liao EC. Identification the Cross-Reactive or Species-Specific Allergens of Tyrophagus putrescentiae and Development Molecular Diagnostic Kits for Allergic Diseases. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E665. [PMID: 32887361 PMCID: PMC7555383 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10090665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mite allergens are considerable factors in the genesis of allergic diseases. The storage mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Tp) appears in contaminated foods and household surroundings. The current diagnostic tools for Tp allergy are mostly based on crude extracts and still contain shortcomings. This study aimed to investigate the immunoglobulin E (IgE)- responsiveness profiles of Tp-allergic patients and develop a molecular diagnostic method using recombinant allergens. Allergenic components were characterized as cross-reacting or species-specific allergens, in which the effective combinations of recombinant allergens were developed and analyzed in terms of the prediction accuracy for clinical diagnosis. Seven recombinant allergens were cloned and generated to detect the IgE responsiveness of the Tp allergy. A survey on the prevalence of mite allergy showed there were higher sensitizations with IgE responsiveness to house dust mites (HDM) (78.9-80.9%) than to storage mites Tp (35.6%). Prevalence of sensitization to Tp was higher in elderly subjects. The principal IgE-binding components of Tp were Tyr p 1, Tyr p 2 and Tyr p 3. Prediction accuracy for Tp allergy by IgE-responsiveness combination D (Tyr p 1, Tyr p 2 & Tyr p 3) was with high precision (100%). Avoiding the cross-reactivity of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, the prediction accuracy of IgE-responsiveness combination H+ (Tyr p 1, Tyr p 2, Tyr p 3, Tyr p 7, Tyr p 8, Tyr p 10 & Tyr p 20) was suitable for Tp-specific diagnosis. Panels of Tp allergens were generated and developed a diagnostic kit able beneficial to identify IgE-mediated Tp hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Hsiang Yu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan;
| | - Jaw-Ji Tsai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asia University Hospital, Taichung 413, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Hsueh Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan;
| | - Sheng-Jie Yu
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813, Taiwan;
| | - En-Chih Liao
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City 252, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City 252, Taiwan
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Shen CY, Yen CY, Chien DK, Tsai JJ, Yu SJ, Liao EC. Influence of storage conditions on the infestation of Tyrophagus putrescentiae and prevalence of mite hypersensitivity in Taiwan. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 80:381-398. [PMID: 32030607 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-019-00453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sensitization to mites is a considerable factor in the development of allergic diseases. Because of its abundance, Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Tp) is the predominant storage mite found in home storage rooms, kitchens, and bakeries. Patients allergic to mites might exhibit a severely hypersensitive reaction upon ingesting Tp-contaminated food. The objective of this study was to investigate the rates of Tp contamination in commercial storage products from various areas, storage conditions, and environments in Taiwan. A specific antibody against Tyr p 3, the allergen on Tp, could be used as an indicator to monitor the contamination condition in storage foods. The microscopic mite examination, allergen detection by ELISA and cultured mite chemotaxis were used to evaluate the prevalence of T. putrescentiae contamination. Moreover, the IgE responses of patients allergic to mites were examined. We found that pet food and mushrooms were commonly contaminated with Tp, and this was validated through Tyr p 3 concentration and chemotaxis experiments. Tp contamination rates decreased significantly when samples were sealed and stored at a low temperature (< 4 °C), low relative humidity (RH < 60%), or for longer periods at a low temperature. The results of the clinical study indicated that the mites that elicited major positive IgE responses in allergic subjects were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae. Thus, people who are sensitized to D. pteronyssinus or D. farinae might be at risk of a second anaphylactic reaction due to cross-reactivity upon ingestion of Tp-contaminated food. Accordingly, Tp contamination can be prevented by keeping food packages sealed and stored at a low temperature. This prevents the severe allergic reaction caused by the inadvertent ingestion of contaminated food-borne Tp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ying Shen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yang Yen
- Department of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Kuo Chien
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jaw-Ji Tsai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology & Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Jie Yu
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - En-Chih Liao
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, No. 46, Sec. 3, Zhongzheng Rd., Sanzhi Dist., New Taipei City, 252, Taiwan.
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Dong X, Zhong N, Fang Y, Cai Q, Lu M, Lu Q. MicroRNA 27b-3p Modulates SYK in Pediatric Asthma Induced by Dust Mites. Front Pediatr 2018; 6:301. [PMID: 30406061 PMCID: PMC6204538 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The PI3K-AKT pathway is known to regulate cytokines in dust mite-induced pediatric asthma. However, the underlying molecular steps involved are not clear. In order to clarify further the molecular steps, this study investigated the expression of certain genes and the involvement of miRNAs in the PI3K-AKT pathway, which might affect the resultant cytokine-secretion. in-vivo and in-vitro ELISA, qRT-PCR and microarrays analyses were used in this study. A down-expression of miRNA-27b-3p in dust mite induced asthma group (group D) was found by microarray analysis. This was confirmed by qRT-PCR that found the miRNA-27b-3p transcripts that regulated the expression of SYK and EGFR were also significantly decreased (p < 0.01) in group D. The transcript levels of the SYK and PI3K genes were higher, while those of EGFR were lower in the former group. Meanwhile, we found significant differences in plasma concentrations of some cytokines between the dust mite-induced asthma subjects and the healthy controls. On the other hand, this correlated with the finding that the transcripts of SYK and its downstream PI3K were decreased in HBE transfected with miRNA-27b-3p, but were increased in HBE transfected with the inhibitor in vitro. Our results indicate that the differential expression of the miRNAs in dust mite-induced pediatric asthma may regulate their target gene SYK and may have an impact on the PI3K-AKT pathway associated with the production of cytokines. These findings should add new insight into the pathogenesis of pediatric asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Dong
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Nanbert Zhong
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Human Genetics, Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, United States
- Chinese Alliance of Translational Medicine for Maternal and Children's Health, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center of Medical Genetics, Peking University Health Science Centre, Beijing, China
| | - Yudan Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qin Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Lu
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Lu
- Department of Pulmonary, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Danger-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs): the Derivatives and Triggers of Inflammation. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep 2018; 18:63. [PMID: 30267163 DOI: 10.1007/s11882-018-0817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Allergen is an umbrella term for irritants of diverse origin. Along with other offenders such as pathogens, mutagens, xenobiotics, and pollutants, allergens can be grouped as inflammatory agents. Danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are altered metabolism products of necrotic or stressed cells, which are deemed as alarm signals by the innate immune system. Like inflammation, DAMPs play a role in correcting the altered physiological state, but in excess, they can be lethal due to their signal transduction roles. In a vicious loop, inflammatory agents are DAMP generators and DAMPs create a pro-inflammatory state. Only a handful of DAMPs such as uric acid, mtDNA, extracellular ATP, HSPs, amyloid β, S100, HMGB1, and ECM proteins have been studied till now. A large number of DAMPs are still obscure, in need to be unveiled. The identification and functional characterization of those DAMPs in inflammation pathways can be insightful. RECENT FINDINGS As inflammation and immune activation have been implicated in almost all pathologies, studies on them have been intensified in recent times. Consequently, the pathologic mechanisms of various DAMPs have emerged. Following PRR ligation, the activation of inflammasome, MAPK, and NF-kB is some of the common pathways. The limited number of recognized DAMPs are only a fraction of the vast array of other DAMPs. In fact, any misplaced or abnormal level of metabolite can be a DAMP. Sophisticated analysis studies can reveal the full profile of the DAMPs. Lowering the level of DAMPs is useful therapeutic intervention but certainly not as effective as avoiding the DAMP generators, i.e., the inflammatory agents. So, rather than mitigating DAMPs, efforts should be focused on the elimination of inflammatory agents.
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Dutra MS, Roncada C, da Silva GL, Ferla NJ, Pitrez PM. Mite Fauna Assessment in Houses of Two distinct Socioeconomic Groups From Southern Brazil. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2018; 55:620-625. [PMID: 29281052 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
House dust mites (HDM) are the main source of aeroallergens worldwide, yet epidemiological differences between socioeconomic factors in association with this medical condition have not been studied in the south region of Brazil. To assess the prevalence of HDM in two socioeconomically distinct populations of patients with allergic asthma or rhinitis, the differences between samples from houses of high-income families and low-income families were analyzed. Mite samples were collected between July and December 2015, in Porto Alegre, Brazil. The HDM were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophagoides farinae (Hughes; Acari: Pyroglyphidae). Also, other non-pyroglyphid house mites were identified in dust samples: Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Schrank; Acari: Acaridae), Chortoglyphus arcuatus, and Cheyletus malaccensis. Identification of species was performed through morphological keys with a stereomicroscope and a phase optical microscope. A total of 104 homes was evaluated (low-income group: n = 53; high-income group, n = 51). We found a total of 721 mites, representing 11 species, in 93 (89%) houses. In the remaining houses, no mites were found. We observed no significant differences of species composition between the groups studied. However, the number of mites was significantly higher in the low-income group (P < 0.001). D. pteronyssinus was the predominant species detected, with 286 mites (39.6%). D. farinae was not detected in any sample. Our results show that living-rooms from low-income families present higher numbers of HDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés S Dutra
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Infant Center, Institute for Biomedical Research (IPB), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristian Roncada
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Infant Center, Institute for Biomedical Research (IPB), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L da Silva
- Laboratory of Acarology (TECNOVATES), University of Taquari Valley (UNIVATES), Lajeado, Brazil
| | - Noeli J Ferla
- Laboratory of Acarology (TECNOVATES), University of Taquari Valley (UNIVATES), Lajeado, Brazil
| | - Paulo M Pitrez
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Infant Center, Institute for Biomedical Research (IPB), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Yen CY, Chiang WD, Liu SY, Wang KT, Liao EC, Hsieh CL. Lithospermum erythrorhizon extract inhibits Der p2-induced inflammatory response through alleviation of thymic stromal lymphopoietin, nuclear factor Kappa B, and inflammasome expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 201:1-8. [PMID: 28254482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE) and Angelica sinensis (AS), widely used in several folk medicine for wound, pus discharge and dermatitis for the history of several hundred years in Asian countries. AIM OF STUDY To investigate the therapeutic effect of LE and AS on Der p2-induced inflammatory response in human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. METHODS The effects of Der p2 stimulation on thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway, the inflammasome (specifically, the apoptosis speck-like protein [ASC] and nod-like receptor 3 [NLRP3]), Caspase-1 and the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 pathway were evaluated in the human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. RESULTS The results indicated that LE, AS, and LE+AS reduced TSLP, I kappa B kinase-α, and NLRP3 levels; LE and AS reduced Caspase-1; LE and LE+AS also reduced NF-κB p50, NF-κB p65, ASC, and STAT3 levels. CONCLUSION Both LE and AS aqueous extracts exert anti-inflammatory effects in Der p2-stimulated BEAS-2B cells. These effects may involve multiple mechanisms, including the inhibition of TSLP production as well as the suppression of IKKα, Caspase-1 and NLRP3; however, additional studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Yang Yen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Dee Chiang
- Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan.
| | - Shang-Yong Liu
- Department of Food Science, Tunghai University, Taichung 40704, Taiwan.
| | - Kun-Teng Wang
- Brion Research Institute, New Taipei City 23143, Taiwan.
| | - En-Chih Liao
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan.
| | - Ching-Liang Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
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Patel S, Meher B. A review on emerging frontiers of house dust mite and cockroach allergy research. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 2016; 44:580-593. [PMID: 26994963 DOI: 10.1016/j.aller.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Currently, mankind is afflicted with diversified health issues, allergies being a common, yet little understood malady. Allergies, the outcome of a baffled immune system encompasses myriad allergens and causes an array of health consequences, ranging from transient to recurrent and mild to fatal. Indoor allergy is a serious hypersensitivity in genetically-predisposed people, triggered by ingestion, inhalation or mere contact of allergens, of which mite and cockroaches are one of the most-represented constituents. Arduous to eliminate, these aeroallergens pose constant health challenges, mostly manifested as respiratory and dermatological inflammations, leading to further aggravations if unrestrained. Recent times have seen an unprecedented endeavour to understand the conformation of these allergens, their immune manipulative ploys and other underlying causes of pathogenesis, most importantly therapies. Yet a large section of vulnerable people is ignorant of these innocuous-looking immune irritants, prevailing around them, and continues to suffer. This review aims to expedite this field by a concise, informative account of seminal findings in the past few years, with particular emphasis on leading frontiers like genome-wide association studies (GWAS), epitope mapping, metabolomics etc. Drawbacks linked to current approaches and solutions to overcome them have been proposed.
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Chen H, Zhang K, Wang S, Xu C, Zou Z, Tao A. Generation and purification of monoclonal antibodies against Der f 2, a major allergen from Dermatophagoides farinae. Drug Discov Ther 2016; 10:103-8. [PMID: 27210892 DOI: 10.5582/ddt.2016.01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are needed for the quantitation of environmental allergens for precise diagnosis and immunotherapy. In this study, we produced and purified monoclonal antibodies against Der f 2, one of the major allergens of the house dust mite Dermatophagoides farina, in order to develop an assay for the detection of this allergen. BALB/c mice were immunized four times with the protein Der f 2 together with an adjuvant after which splenocytes were collected and fused with SP2/0 (myeloma cells) in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG). The fused cells were selected in the presence of Hypoxanthine-Aminopterin-Thymidine (HAT) and then Hypoxanthine-Thymidine (HT) medium. Positive cells were screened with ELISA and subcloned by limited dilution at least three times to achieve stable mAb-producing clones. Four stable mAb-producing clones were obtained. One clone with IgG1 isotype and another with IgG2b isotype were chosen to produce large amounts of mAb by inoculation of the cells into the abdominal cavity of mice. Ascites were collected and the mAbs were purified using protein A affinity chromatography. Testing of the ascites by ELISA showed the titration of IgG1 and IgG2b to be higher than 1/10(6) dilution. The specificity of both antibodies was confirmed by immunoblotting. Thus, we produced two mAb clones against Der f 2 that can be used to create a precise quantitative method to identify allergen components in dust samples and facilitate further study in Der f 2 component-resolved diagnosis (CRD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, The State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Allergy & Clinical Immunology
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Nuñez NK, da Cunha AA, Dos Santos Dutra M, Barbosa GL, Morassutti AL, de Souza RG, Vargas MHM, Antunes GL, Silveira JS, da Silva GL, Pitrez PM. Acute and chronic exposure to Tyrophagus putrescentiae induces allergic pulmonary response in a murine model. Asia Pac Allergy 2016; 6:48-55. [PMID: 26844220 PMCID: PMC4731481 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2016.6.1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Tp) is a source of aeroallergen that causes allergic diseases. Objective To describe an acute and chronic murine model of allergic asthma with Tp extract with no systemic sensitization and no use of adjuvant. Methods Mites from dust sample were cultured and a raw extract was produced. Female BALB/c mice (6-8 weeks) were challenged intranasally with Tp extract or Dulbecco's phosphate-buffered saline, for 10 consecutive days (acute protocol) or for 6 weeks (chronic protocol). Twenty-four hours after the last intranasal challenge, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was performed for total and differential cells count, cytokine analysis, and eosinophil peroxidase activity. Lung tissue was also removed for histopathologic analysis. Results Tp extract has shown a significant increase in total cells count from BALF as well as an increase in absolute eosinophils count, eosinophil peroxidase activity, interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 levels, in both acute and chronic protocols. Peribronchovascular infiltrate, goblet cells hyperplasia and collagen deposition were shown in the airways of acute and chronic Tp-exposed mice. Conclusion Our data suggest that the intranasal exposure to Tp extract, with no systemic sensitization and no use of adjuvants, induces a robust allergic inflammation in the lungs of mice, in both acute and chronic models. Our Tp extract seems to be a potent allergen extract which may be used in asthma model studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nailê Karine Nuñez
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Aline Andrea da Cunha
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Moisés Dos Santos Dutra
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Leivas Barbosa
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, Santiago 97700-000, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Godinho de Souza
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Mauro Henrique Moraes Vargas
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Géssica Luana Antunes
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Josiane Silva Silveira
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Márcio Pitrez
- Laboratory of Pediatric Respirology, Infant Center, Institute of Biomedical Research, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre 90610-000, Brazil
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Chang YS. In the memory of Professor Felicidad Cua-Lim. Asia Pac Allergy 2014; 4:185-6. [PMID: 25379477 PMCID: PMC4215433 DOI: 10.5415/apallergy.2014.4.4.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Seok Chang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam 463-802, Korea
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