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Ghasemi M, Savabi-Esfahani M, Noroozi M, Satari M. Prediction of cervical cancer screening: application of the information-motivation-behavioral skills model. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:351. [PMID: 38504202 PMCID: PMC10949627 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12098-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Screening is an effective method for preventing cervical cancer. The present study aimed to determine the predictability of cervical cancer screening using the information-motivation-behavioral skills (IMB) model, as this model can help understand the factors that influence health-related behaviors. METHOD The present cross-sectional study examined 310 women aged 20 to 60 in Isfahan, Iran, between 2020 and 2021. To this end, comprehensive health centers and gynecology clinics of hospitals were randomly selected by lot. Women who met the study's inclusion criteria were selected via convenience sampling. An IMB skills questionnaire developed by researchers comprised the data collection tool. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22 software, descriptive and regression tests, and AMOS 24.0 software. FINDINGS Approximately 18.1% of the participants had never undergone routine cervical cancer screening. The regression model results indicated that the model components accurately predicted regular cervical cancer screening (P < 0.00). Path analysis revealed that information (β = 0.05, P = 0.002), motivation (β = 0.187, P = 0.026), and behavioral skills (β = 0.95, P < 0.001) were directly associated with regular cervical cancer screening. Furthermore, behavioral skills had the greatest direct effect on regular cervical cancer screening. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results demonstrated that the IMB model accurately predicted cervical cancer screening. Therefore, it is possible to improve cervical cancer screening in women by designing and implementing interventions based on this model's components, particularly those that improve behavioral skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Ghasemi
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mitra Savabi-Esfahani
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Mahnaz Noroozi
- Department of Midwifery and Reproductive Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Satari
- Department Health Information Technology, Health Information Technology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Chen L, Pan Q, Li X, Luo S, Pan X, Huang H. Factors Influencing the Knowledge and Attitudes of Hospice Care Practitioners in Guangxi, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2024; 17:387-397. [PMID: 38476198 PMCID: PMC10928918 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s451588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Practitioners in China who implement hospice care services include doctors, nurses, and care workers. These individuals play an important role in the holistic care of patients at the end of life and their families. This study aimed to provide baseline data to develop hospice care services and improve relevant policies by investigating the knowledge and attitudes of hospice care practitioners (HCPs) and analyzing influencing factors. Methods This cross-sectional descriptive study used stratified sampling and quota sampling. The HCPs were from nursing homes, medical institutions, integrated medical and nursing institutions, and community health service centers in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. We examined HCPs' demographic characteristics and scores on a self-designed Chinese scale to measure their knowledge and attitudes(K&A scale). A total of 1821 HCPs completed surveys from May 2022 to July 2022. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, univariate analysis and multiple linear regression. Results The standard score of the K&A scale of 1821 HCPs was 61.62 (SD=9.78), and the individual mean scores of knowledge and attitudes were 76.42 (SD=28.13) and 58.69 (SD=11.31), respectively. The final multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the main factors that influenced the K&A score were monthly income, job satisfaction, and the hospice care-related system (HCS). Conclusion The HCPs in this study displayed moderate mean scores for knowledge and a less favorable attitude toward hospice care. Monthly income, job satisfaction and the HCS were the common factors that influenced HCPs' K&A. The results suggest the need to strengthen targeted and professional training for HCPs, increase their welfare and benefits, and improve indigenous policies of hospice care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qini Pan
- Department of nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuangli Luo
- Department of nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guxngxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao Pan
- Department of nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiqiao Huang
- Department of nursing, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
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Toptaş Acar B, Aksu H. The effect of online training and counseling on women's attitudes and anxiety toward gynecological examination: A randomized controlled study. Health Care Women Int 2023; 45:748-764. [PMID: 38085981 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2023.2291437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Gynecological examination has an very place among to maintain women's health. Negative attitudes and anxiety about gynecological examination may affect coming to the examination. In this study, we aimed to determine the effect of online training and counseling on women's attitudes and anxiety toward the gynecological examination. We randomized 100 women participating in the study into experimental and control groups. We concluded that online training and counseling had a positive effect on the attitudes of women in the experimental group toward gynecological examination. Also we determined that online training and counseling reduced women's state anxiety toward gynecological examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belma Toptaş Acar
- Faculty of Nursing, Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Diseases Nursing, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
| | - Hilmiye Aksu
- Faculty of Nursing, Department of Obstetrics-Gynecology and Diseases Nursing, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydin, Turkey
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Lee D, Lee TS. The Association between Metabolic Syndrome and Epithelial Cell Abnormalities Detected on Pap Smear: A Nationwide Population-Based Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082954. [PMID: 37109290 PMCID: PMC10146183 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several epidemiologic studies have suggested the correlation between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cervical cancer. The identification of epithelial cell abnormalities through cervical cytology implies lesions that may lead to cervical cancer in the long term, making screening a crucial measure for its prevention. We conducted a case-control study using data from the National Health Screening Programs under the Health Insurance System of South Korea between 2009 and 2017. Among women who underwent a Pap smear during this period, 8,606,394 tests reported negative results for epithelial cell abnormalities (controls, 93.7%), while 580,012 tests reported epithelial cell abnormalities (cases, 6.3%). Of these, the incidence of MetS was significantly higher in the case group, with 21.7% of cases and 18.4% of controls meeting the MetS criteria with p-Value of less than 0.0001; however, the effect size was small with odds ratio of 1.23. Logistic regression analysis revealed increased odds of epithelial cell abnormalities in women with MetS after adjusting for associated risk factors (AOR 1.202, 95% CI 1.195-1.210, p < 0.0001). These findings indicate that women with MetS have an elevated risk of developing epithelial cell abnormalities, reinforcing the importance of regular Pap smear screening to prevent cervical cancer progression in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayong Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek Sang Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul Metropolitan Government-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul 07061, Republic of Korea
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Urrutia MT, Padilla O. Validity of a questionnaire on self-efficacy for Pap test adherence screening. Front Oncol 2022; 12:979799. [DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.979799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IntroductionSelf-efficacy has been related to different health preventive behaviors, included adherence to the Papanicolaou test—also called Pap smear or Pap test. The aim of this study is to test construct and criterion validity and reliability of a questionnaire on self-efficacy and the Pap test in Chilean women.MethodThis study was carried out on a sample of 969 women of ages from 25 to 64, who are users of the public health care system in Santiago, Chile. The validity of the Self-Efficacy Scale for the Pap Smear Screening Participation (SES-PSSP) questionnaire was done by confirmatory factor analysis, external criteria by t-test, and reliability by Cronbach’s alpha.ResultsThree models were tested, obtaining a questionnaire with 20 items and 2 dimensions. The criteria validity was confirmed by adherence to the Pap test. The final questionnaire has a reliability of 0.95, measured by Cronbach´s alpha.ConclusionA valid and reliable questionnaire to measure self-efficacy in relation to the Pap test is a relevant contribution in cervical cancer prevention, especially related to interventions focused on increasing adherence.
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Kazemi S, Zarei F, Heidarnia A, Alhani F. Improve the cervical cancer prevention behaviors through mobile-based educational intervention based on I-CHANGE model: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2022; 23:805. [PMID: 36153560 PMCID: PMC9509552 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06744-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Applications of mobile technologies (mHealth) have the potential to reduce health inequalities, give patients more control over their health, and improve health care’s cost-effectiveness. The widespread use of mobile phones offers us a new way to prevent cervical cancer. The objective of the study was to design and develop a mobile phone application (app) that aims to conduct a behavioral intervention for women and to evaluate the efficacy of the app-based intervention. Methods This study involves 5 phases. In the first phase, understanding women’s perspectives will be identified using a qualitative approach based on the I-Change model. In phase 2, the results from the qualitative approach and requirement prioritization through providing experts’ perspectives will be done. The main outputs of this phase will be resulted in prioritizing the main measurable effective variables of the I-Change model. Phase 3 will be processed for the development and psychometric of an assessment tool regarding selected constructs. In phase 4, the App framework and content development will be performed. In phase 5, a three-armed, parallel-design randomized controlled trial will be conducted on women. Two hundred ten women will be randomly assigned to three groups including two intervention groups and one control group. The intervention groups included the following: (1) a mobile application and (2) a digital book. The data will be evaluated using tools designed and constructed in phase 3 of the study at baseline in 3-month follow-up assessments. The impact of the two interventions on cervical cancer prevention behaviors through mobile-based educational intervention will then be evaluated. Discussion A theory-based health education program using a mobile app to improve cervical cancer-preventive behaviors will be implemented for the first time in Iran. With an effective health mobile-based educational design, it is very important to determine whether Iranian women will be motivated to adhere to preventive behavior related to CC. Trial registration Iranian Clinical Trial Register IRCT20181205041861N3. Registered V2.0 on 26 October 2021.
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Evaluation of mobile health applications for cervical cancer in the digital marketplace. Obstet Gynecol Sci 2022; 65:244-255. [PMID: 35381627 PMCID: PMC9119733 DOI: 10.5468/ogs.22037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the quality of mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) for cervical cancer using the mobile app rating scale (MARS), APPLICATIONS scoring system, and app rating using specific statements. Methods We searched for cervical cancer apps on two major mobile operating systems (Google Play Store and Apple iTunes Store) in March 2021. Eligible apps were downloaded and assessed for quality by two independent reviewers using multimodal assessment tools. Results The overall quality of the MARS score was 2.61±0.795. The highest scoring app was “The American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) Management Guidelines” (3.98). Overall, apps scored highest in the functionality domain, followed by information, engagement, and aesthetics domains. The mean±standard deviation of the APPLICATIONS scoring system was 8.50±1.712. The highest-rated apps were “ASCCP Management Guidelines,” “The British Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (BSCCP),” and “Cervical Cancer Guide.” Apps scored the highest in the paid subscription and price domains. By contrast, apps scored poorly in the text search, literature, and subjective presentation domains. Concerning app content, many apps infrequently provided misconceptions regarding cervical cancer. The apps’ rating using specific statements was 7.81±4.562. Conclusion Overall, the apps analyzed using the MARS and APPLICATIONS scoring systems demonstrated above-average quality. However, there is a need to improve the essential information conveyed by these applications. Moreover, the assessment tools have influenced different app quality rating results, confirming the lack of standardized quality assessment tools for mHealth apps.
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Ghalavandi S, Zarei F, Heidarnia A, Beiranvand R. A blended educational intervention program on Pap-test related behavior among Iranian women. Reprod Health 2021; 18:228. [PMID: 34774076 PMCID: PMC8590270 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-021-01281-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of a blended educational program to promote performing the PST among Iranian women. DESIGN In a randomized control trial four main variables; knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and practice about PST was evaluated using a man-made questionnaire for PST. SETTING Women aged 18-49 living in Andimeshk (Khuzestan, Iran), covered by 16 health centers, participated in study from November 2019 till April 2019. METHOD The educational intervention conducted to increasing women's performing the PST. The experimental group received an intervention, whereas the control group received usual care. Participants were tested at four-time points: pre-test (baseline), post-test 1 (immediately after the program's completion) post-test 2 (4 weeks after the program's completion) and post-test 3 (12 weeks after the program completion). RESULTS A total of 84 women with average aged 32.27 (42 in the experimental group, 42 in the control group) were recruited from 16 health centers in Andimeshk, southern Iran. Significant group differences were found at different times in knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and practice about PST. CONCLUSION A blended method was effective in sustaining the effects of the educational program in the experimental group. The development of appropriate teaching method on restricted situation such as COVID-19 pandemic to promote participation is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Ghalavandi
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-331, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zarei
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-331, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alireza Heidarnia
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 14115-331, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Beiranvand
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 14115-331, Tehran, Iran
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