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Stanca E, Spedicato F, Giudetti AM, Giannotti L, Di Chiara Stanca B, Damiano F, Siculella L. EPA and DHA Enhance CACT Promoter Activity by GABP/NRF2. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9095. [PMID: 39201781 PMCID: PMC11354350 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25169095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Carnitine-acylcarnitine translocase (CACT) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial carrier that catalyzes the transfer of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane for β-oxidation. In this study, we conducted a structural and functional characterization of the CACT promoter to investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the transcriptional regulation of the CACT gene by n-3 PUFA, EPA and DHA. In hepatic BRL3A cells, EPA and DHA stimulate CACT mRNA and protein expression. Deletion promoter analysis using a luciferase reporter gene assay identified a n-3 PUFA response region extending from -202 to -29 bp. This region did not contain a response element for PPARα, a well-known PUFA-responsive nuclear receptor. Instead, bioinformatic analysis revealed two highly conserved GABP responsive elements within this region. Overexpression of GABPα and GABPβ subunits, but not PPARα, increased CACT promoter activity, more remarkably upon treatment with EPA and DHA. ChIP assays showed that n3-PUFA enhanced the binding of GABPα to the -202/-29 bp sequence. Furthermore, both EPA and DHA induced nuclear accumulation of GABPα. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the upregulation of CACT by n3-PUFA in hepatic cells is independent from PPARα and could be mediated by GABP activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Stanca
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMeS), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy (L.S.)
| | - Francesco Spedicato
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy (A.M.G.)
| | - Anna Maria Giudetti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies (DiSTeBA), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy (A.M.G.)
| | - Laura Giannotti
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMeS), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy (L.S.)
| | | | - Fabrizio Damiano
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMeS), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy (L.S.)
| | - Luisa Siculella
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DiMeS), University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy (L.S.)
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Liu Y, Shen N, Xin H, Yu L, Xu Q, Cui Y. Unsaturated fatty acids in natural edible resources, a systematic review of classification, resources, biosynthesis, biological activities and application. FOOD BIOSCI 2023; 53:102790. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
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Borja-Magno A, Guevara-Cruz M, Flores-López A, Carrillo-Domínguez S, Granados J, Arias C, Perry M, Sears B, Bourges H, Gómez FE. Differential effects of high dose omega-3 fatty acids on metabolism and inflammation in patients with obesity: eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid supplementation. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1156995. [PMID: 37215211 PMCID: PMC10196397 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1156995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is complicated by low-grade chronic inflammation characterised by increases in inflammatory proteins and cells in peripheral blood. It has been known that omega-3 fatty acids (FA) like eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) could modulate the inflammatory process and improve metabolic markers. Objective This study aimed to determine the effect of high-dose omega-3 FA on metabolic and inflammatory markers among patients with obesity and healthy volunteers. Methods This prospective study included 12 women with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 35.0 kg/m2) and 12 healthy women (BMI < 24.0 kg/m2) who were supplemented with a dose of 4.8 g/day (3.2 g EPA plus 1.6 g DHA) for 3 months followed by no treatment for 1 month. Plasma metabolic and inflammatory markers and levels of mRNA transcripts of CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets were determined monthly. Results None of the participants exhibited changes in weight or body composition after study completion. EPA and DHA supplementation improved metabolic (insulin, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance [HOMA-IR], triglyceride [TG]/ high-density lipoprotein [HDL] ratio, TG, and arachidonic acid [AA]/EPA ratio) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Moreover, the levels of mRNA transcripts of T CD4+ lymphocyte subsets (TBX21, IFNG, GATA-3, interleukin [IL]-4, FOXP3, IL-10 IL-6, and TNF-α), were down-regulated during the intervention phase. After 1 month without supplementation, only insulin, HOMA-IR and the mRNA transcripts remained low, whereas all other markers returned to their levels before supplementation. Conclusion Supplementation with high-dose omega-3 FAs could modulate metabolism and inflammation in patients with obesity without weight loss or changes in body composition. However, these modulatory effects were ephemeral and with clear differential effects: short-duration on metabolism and long-lasting on inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Borja-Magno
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Martha Guevara-Cruz
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Adriana Flores-López
- Servicio de Nutriología Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Silvia Carrillo-Domínguez
- Departamento de Nutrición Animal, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio Granados
- Departamento de Trasplantes, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clorinda Arias
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mary Perry
- Inflammation Research Foundation, Peabody, MA, United States
| | - Barry Sears
- Inflammation Research Foundation, Peabody, MA, United States
| | - Hector Bourges
- Dirección de Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - F. Enrique Gómez
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Talamonti E, Jacobsson A, Chiurchiù V. Impairment of Endogenous Synthesis of Omega-3 DHA Exacerbates T-Cell Inflammatory Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043717. [PMID: 36835128 PMCID: PMC9966148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 (ω-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids, including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are involved in numerous biological processes and have a range of health benefits. DHA is obtained through the action of elongases (ELOVLs) and desaturases, among which Elovl2 is the key enzyme involved in its synthesis, and can be further metabolized into several mediators that regulate the resolution of inflammation. Our group has recently reported that ELOVL2 deficient mice (Elovl2-/-) not only display reduced DHA levels in several tissues, but they also have higher pro-inflammatory responses in the brain, including the activation of innate immune cells such as macrophages. However, whether impaired synthesis of DHA affects cells of adaptive immunity, i.e., T lymphocytes, is unexplored. Here we show that Elovl2-/- mice have significantly higher lymphocytes in peripheral blood and that both CD8+ and CD4+ T cell subsets produce greater amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines in both blood and spleen compared to wild type mice, with a higher percentage of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) as well as IFN-γ-producing Th1 and IL-17-producing Th17 CD4+ cells. Furthermore, we also found that DHA deficiency impacts the cross-talk between dendritic cells (DC) and T cells, inasmuch as mature DCs of Elovl2-/- mice bear higher expression of activation markers (CD80, CD86 and MHC-II) and enhance the polarization of Th1 and Th17 cells. Reintroducing DHA back into the diets of Elovl2-/- mice reversed the exacerbated immune responses observed in T cells. Hence, impairment of endogenous synthesis of DHA exacerbates T cell inflammatory responses, accounting for an important role of DHA in regulating adaptive immunity and in potentially counteracting T-cell-mediated chronic inflammation or autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Talamonti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, 114 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 114 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Jacobsson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, 114 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Valerio Chiurchiù
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Resolution of Neuroinflammation, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: or
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Chen Z, Lu Q, Wang J, Cao X, Wang K, Wang Y, Wu Y, Yang Z. The function of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in response to cadmium exposure. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1023999. [PMID: 36248838 PMCID: PMC9558127 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1023999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, pollution has become a part of our daily life with the improvement of life quality and the advancement of industry and heavy industry. In recent years, the adverse effects of heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd), on human health have been widely discussed, particularly on the immune system. Here, this review summarizes the available evidence on how Cd exposure may affect health. By analyzing the general manifestations of inflammation caused by Cd exposure, we find that the role of omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in vivo can counteract Cd-induced harm. Additionally, we elucidate the effects of n-3 PUFAs on the immune system, and analyze their prophylactic and therapeutic effects on Cd exposure. Overall, this review highlights the role of n-3 PUFAs in the pathological changes induced by Cd exposure. Although n-3 PUFAs remain to be verified whether they can be used as therapeutic agents, as rehabilitation therapy, supplementation with n-3 PUFAs is reliable and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qinyue Lu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jiacheng Wang
- College of Medical, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuhao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanni Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhangping Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture & Agri-Product Safety, Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhangping Yang,
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Simard M, Morin S, Ridha Z, Pouliot R. Current knowledge of the implication of lipid mediators in psoriasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:961107. [PMID: 36091036 PMCID: PMC9459139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.961107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is an organ involved in several biological processes essential to the proper functioning of the organism. One of these essential biological functions of the skin is its barrier function, mediated notably by the lipids of the stratum corneum, and which prevents both penetration from external aggression, and transepidermal water loss. Bioactive lipid mediators derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) constitute a complex bioactive lipid network greatly involved in skin homeostasis. Bioactive lipid mediators derived from n-3 and n-6 PUFAs have well-documented anti- and pro-inflammatory properties and are recognized as playing numerous and complex roles in the behavior of diverse skin diseases, including psoriasis. Psoriasis is an inflammatory autoimmune disease with many comorbidities and is associated with enhanced levels of pro-inflammatory lipid mediators. Studies have shown that a high intake of n-3 PUFAs can influence the development and progression of psoriasis, mainly by reducing the severity and frequency of psoriatic plaques. Herein, we provide an overview of the differential effects of n-3 and n-6 PUFA lipid mediators, including prostanoids, hydroxy-fatty acids, leukotrienes, specialized pro-resolving mediators, N-acylethanolamines, monoacylglycerols and endocannabinoids. This review summarizes current findings on lipid mediators playing a role in the skin and their potential as therapeutic targets for psoriatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélissa Simard
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/Laboratoire d’Organogénèse EXpérimentale (LOEX), Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Morin
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/Laboratoire d’Organogénèse EXpérimentale (LOEX), Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Zainab Ridha
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/Laboratoire d’Organogénèse EXpérimentale (LOEX), Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Roxane Pouliot
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l’Université Laval/Laboratoire d’Organogénèse EXpérimentale (LOEX), Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Roxane Pouliot,
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Decsi T, Marosvölgyi T, Muszil E, Bódy B, Szabó É. Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Status at Birth and Development of Childhood Allergy: A Systematic Review. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:526. [PMID: 35455017 PMCID: PMC9030843 DOI: 10.3390/life12040526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The associations of fetal fatty acids status to immune-related health parameters later in life are unclear. Our aim is to collect all available information on the relationship between fatty acid status at birth and allergy in childhood. Systematic literature search was performed on Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, and Embase. The search retrieved 897 articles without duplicates; 14 articles remained after excluding those that did not fit into our inclusion criteria. When the dichotomous parameter of suffering or not from allergic condition in childhood was analyzed, cord blood eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) values proved to be significantly lower in allergic than non-allergic children in four comparisons from three studies. When the linear parameters of odds ratios and relative risks for allergy were taken into consideration, high cord blood EPA, but also high docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and high total n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid values were associated to clinically relevant reduction (at least 38%) in eight comparisons from five studies. Within the cord blood samples, higher EPA, docosapentaenoic acid, and DHA values were significantly and negatively associated in eight correlation analyses from three studies with laboratory parameters considered to reflect allergic trait. The data reported here may provide information for defining optimal fatty acid intakes for pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Decsi
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary; (T.D.); (E.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Tamás Marosvölgyi
- Institute of Bioanalysis, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Eszter Muszil
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary; (T.D.); (E.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Blanka Bódy
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, 7623 Pécs, Hungary; (T.D.); (E.M.); (B.B.)
| | - Éva Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Medical School, University of Pécs, 7624 Pécs, Hungary
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