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Magat G, Oncu E, Ozcan S, Orhan K. Comparison of cone-beam computed tomography and digital panoramic radiography for detecting peri-implant alveolar bone changes using trabecular micro-structure analysis. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2022; 48:41-49. [PMID: 35221306 PMCID: PMC8890962 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2022.48.1.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We compared changes in fractal dimension (FD) and grayscale value (GSV) of peri-implant alveolar bone on digital panoramic radiography (DPR) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) immediately after implant surgery and 12 months postoperative. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, 16 patients who received posterior mandibular area dental implants with CBCT scans taken about 2 weeks after implantation and one year after implantation were analyzed. A region of interest was selected for each patient. FDs and GSVs were evaluated immediately after implant surgery and at 12-month follow-up to examine the functional loading of the implants. Results There were no significant differences between DPR and CBCT measurements of FD values (P>0.05). No significant differences were observed between FD values and GSVs calculated after implant surgery and at the 12-month follow-up (P>0.05). GSVs were not correlated with FD values (P>0.05). Conclusion The DPR and reconstructed panoramic CBCT images exhibit similar image quality for the assessment of FD. There were no changes in FD values or GSVs of the peri-implant trabecular bone structure at the 12-month postoperative evaluation of the functional loading of the implant in comparison to values immediately after implantation. GSVs representing bone mass do not align with FD values that predict bone microstructural parameters. Therefore, GSVs and FDs should be considered different parameters for assessing bone quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guldane Magat
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Elif Oncu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Ozcan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Konya, Turkey
| | - Kaan Orhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Cavalcante DDS, Silva PGDB, Carvalho FSR, Quidute ARP, Kurita LM, Cid AMPL, Ribeiro TR, Gurgel ML, Kurita BM, Costa FWG. Is jaw fractal dimension a reliable biomarker for osteoporosis screening? A systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy studies. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2021; 51:20210365. [PMID: 34767466 PMCID: PMC9499197 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To summarize the evidence on the feasibility of maxillomandibular imaging exams-related fractal dimension (FD) in screening patients with osteoporosis. METHODS This registered systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Diagnostic Test Accuracy statement. High sensitivity search strategies were developed for six primary databases and grey literature. Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS-2) items evaluated the risk of bias, and the GRADE approach assessed the evidence certainty. RESULTS From 1034 records initially identified through database searching, four studies were included (total sample of 747 patients [osteoporosis, 136; control group, 611]). The meta-analysis showed that the overall sensitivity and specificity of the FD were 86.17 and 72.68%, respectively. In general, all studies showed low RoB and applicability concern. The certainty of the evidence was very low to moderate. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review showed that the jaw-related FD presented sensitivity and specificity values higher than 70%, and its sensitivity in osteoporosis screening was a better parameter than specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davi de Sá Cavalcante
- Division of Radiology, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Rosa Pinto Quidute
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Walter Cantídio University Hospital, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Lúcio Mitsuo Kurita
- Division of Radiology, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Thyciana Rodrigues Ribeiro
- Division of Patient with Special Needs, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcela Lima Gurgel
- Division of Radiology, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Bianca Moreira Kurita
- Division of Pharmacology, Maurício de Nassau Center University, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Fábio Wildson Gurgel Costa
- Division of Radiology, Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Trabecular and cortical mandibular bone investigation in familial adenomatous polyposis patients. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9143. [PMID: 33911117 PMCID: PMC8080795 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mandibular cortical and trabecular bone abnormalities in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) were evaluated using dental panoramic radiographs (DPR) radiomorphometric indices and fractal dimension (FD). Sixty DPRs from 15 FAP patients and 45 healthy controls were evaluated. FAP group was composed of 33.3% females and 66.6% males, agemean = 37.2 years (SD 15.79). The non-FAP group was paired by gender and sex. The parameters analyzed were: FD of the trabecular bone in four regions of interest (ROI), mandibular cortical index (MCI) and width (MCW). FD values were lower for the FAP group. Statistically significance differences were shown by ROI 2 and 3 anteriorly to the mental foramen bilaterally, p = 0.001, and p = 0.006. The ROI 1 and 4, at the mandibular angle trabeculae, indicated statistical significances on the right side (p = 0.036) and no differences on the left side (p = 0.091). There was no significant difference in MCI and MCW when the groups were compared, MCW (L) p = 0.247, and MCW (R) p = 0.070. Fractal values of FAP patients' mandibular trabecular bone were lower than healthy controls. The radiomorphometric indices MCI and MCW were not useful for analyzing the cortical bone pattern. Therefore, FD is a promising tool for detection of abnormal bone structure in DPRs and for supporting the appropriate referral of FAP patients.
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Fractal dimension in CBCT images as predictor for MRONJ: a retrospective cohort study. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:2113-2118. [PMID: 32827078 PMCID: PMC7966145 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03523-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective To estimate boxcounting fractal dimension in a standardized approach in CBCT images of the mandible and maxilla in a group of patients with MRONJ in comparison to a healthy control group. Material and methods From our records, a study group consisting of 80 maxillary and mandibular CBCTs in 77 cases of patients having MRONJ was collected. The control group consisted of 84 mandibular and maxillary CBCTs in a total of 78 patients. Using the boxcounting method, fractal dimension (FD) was estimated in a standardized fashion either cranially to the apex of the canine (maxilla) or beneath the tooth apices of the lower molars in the bone area above the mandibular canal (mandible). Intra-observer reproducibility of the FD-measurements was assessed by 6 repeated measurements in 10 individuals. FD values were correlated to age and sex of the individuals as well as to region of interest (ROI) sizes. Results FD in the study group (1.684 ± 0.051) was roughly 3.5 % lower than in the control group (1.745 ± 0.026, p < 0.0001). Sex and age had a significant (p < 0.001) influence on FD values in the study group, yet not in the control group. FD values increased with age (study group, spearman-rho: 0.2895, p < 0.05) and also ROI size (both groups, p < 0.0001). Reproducibility was good (intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC): 0.87). Conclusions Fractal dimension as assessed by boxcounting seems to be a good descriptor for MRONJ in jaw bones. Influence of age and sex on the outcome values needs to be further investigated in future studies. Clinical relevance CBCTs could be assessed with respect to FD to obtain an overview of the disease status of MRONJ patients.
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Kış HC, Güleryüz Gürbulak A. Evaluation of the peri-implant bone trabecular microstructure changes in short implants with fractal analysis. Int J Implant Dent 2020; 6:13. [PMID: 32236773 PMCID: PMC7109216 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-020-00209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS This study aimed to evaluate the microstructural changes in the peri-implant bone in patients with short implants in terms of implant survival status by using fractal analysis measurements. RESULTS Dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) of 67 patients were examined and included in this study. Fractal analysis and measurement of the crown-implant ratio were performed with ImageJ. The fractal analysis measurement was performed on the DPRs obtained at preoperative (FD0) and in the follow-up periods (after 2 ± 2 weeks (FD1), 2 months ± 2 weeks (FD2), 6 months ± 2 weeks (FD3), and 12 months + (FD4)). A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Power analyses were conducted for the test results that did not reject null hypothesis. A significant difference was found in the FD1 and FD2 values between the implant survival groups (p < 0.001 and p = 0.023, respectively). The mean FD1 and FD2 values of the success group were significantly higher than those of the failure group. CONCLUSIONS Fractal analysis is a useful method to measure the trabecular microstructure of bone in non-standardized dental radiographs. The present study has a low power to reject the null hypothesis because of the low number of cases of implant failure. Therefore, further study with a large sample size is warranted. In clinical practice, the survival of implants may be predicted by analyzing fractal dimension of the surrounding trabecular bone of the implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Cansu Kış
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Nuh Naci Yazgan University, Kayseri, Turkey.
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Magat G, Ozcan Sener S. Evaluation of trabecular pattern of mandible using fractal dimension, bone area fraction, and gray scale value: comparison of cone-beam computed tomography and panoramic radiography. Oral Radiol 2018; 35:35-42. [PMID: 30484179 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-018-0316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to compare the fractal dimension (FD), bone area fraction (BAF), and gray scale value (GSV) on digital panoramic radiography (DPR) and cross-sectional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) using image analysis and to determine whether a relationship exists among parameters associated with bone quality. METHODS Thirty edentulous human hemimandibles were scanned by DPR and CBCT. Ninety regions of interest (ROIs) were evaluated on DPR and CBCT images to calculate the FD and BAF. The GSV of the ROI on CBCT was also calculated. RESULTS Statistically significant differences were observed in the FD values of the ROIs between DPR and CBCT (p = 0.002) and in the BAF values of ROIs between DPR and CBCT (p = 0.017). The Spearman's correlation test revealed a statistically significant high correlation between the FD and BAF values of the ROIs on DPR and between the FD and BAF values of the ROIs on CBCT (p < 0.01). No significant correlations were observed between the GSVs of ROIs on CBCT and the FD values of ROIs on DPR, the BAF values of ROIs on DPR, the FD values of ROIs on CBCT, and the BAF values of ROIs on CBCT (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The GSV did not support the FD and BAF. Additionally, DPR and CBCT did not have similar image quality for assessing the FD, BAF, and GSV. In evaluating the trabecular structure, the use of panoramic radiographs should be continued because the image resolution of CBCT is lower and its generalized dose is higher than that of panoramic radiography. These results may serve as a reference for clinical practitioners using dental CBCT to analyze the trabecular structures of alveolar bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guldane Magat
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Karaciğan Mahallesi, No:A, Ankara Cd., No:74, 42050, Karatay/Konya, Turkey.
| | - Sevgi Ozcan Sener
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Necmettin Erbakan University, Karaciğan Mahallesi, No:A, Ankara Cd., No:74, 42050, Karatay/Konya, Turkey
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Fractal Based Analysis of the Influence of Odorants on Heart Activity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38555. [PMID: 27929045 PMCID: PMC5144066 DOI: 10.1038/srep38555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An important challenge in heart research is to make the relation between the features of external stimuli and heart activity. Olfactory stimulation is an important type of stimulation that affects the heart activity, which is mapped on Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Yet, no one has discovered any relation between the structures of olfactory stimuli and the ECG signal. This study investigates the relation between the structures of heart rate and the olfactory stimulus (odorant). We show that the complexity of the heart rate is coupled with the molecular complexity of the odorant, where more structurally complex odorant causes less fractal heart rate. Also, odorant having higher entropy causes the heart rate having lower approximate entropy. The method discussed here can be applied and investigated in case of patients with heart diseases as the rehabilitation purpose.
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Namazi H, Akrami A, Hussaini J, Silva ON, Wong A, Kulish VV. The fractal based analysis of human face and DNA variations during aging. Biosci Trends 2016; 10:477-481. [PMID: 27795483 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2016.01182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Human DNA is the main unit that shapes human characteristics and features such as behavior. Thus, it is expected that changes in DNA (DNA mutation) influence human characteristics and features. Face is one of the human features which is unique and also dependent on his gen. In this paper, for the first time we analyze the variations of human DNA and face simultaneously. We do this job by analyzing the fractal dimension of DNA walk and face during human aging. The results of this study show the human DNA and face get more complex by aging. These complexities are mapped on fractal exponents of DNA walk and human face. The method discussed in this paper can be further developed in order to investigate the direct influence of DNA mutation on the face variations during aging, and accordingly making a model between human face fractality and the complexity of DNA walk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Namazi
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University
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Analysis of the Influence of Complexity and Entropy of Odorant on Fractal Dynamics and Entropy of EEG Signal. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:5469587. [PMID: 27699169 PMCID: PMC5031905 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5469587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An important challenge in brain research is to make out the relation between the features of olfactory stimuli and the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. Yet, no one has discovered any relation between the structures of olfactory stimuli and the EEG signal. This study investigates the relation between the structures of EEG signal and the olfactory stimulus (odorant). We show that the complexity of the EEG signal is coupled with the molecular complexity of the odorant, where more structurally complex odorant causes less fractal EEG signal. Also, odorant having higher entropy causes the EEG signal to have lower approximate entropy. The method discussed here can be applied and investigated in case of patients with brain diseases as the rehabilitation purpose.
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Namazi H, Kulish VV, Akrami A. The analysis of the influence of fractal structure of stimuli on fractal dynamics in fixational eye movements and EEG signal. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26639. [PMID: 27217194 PMCID: PMC4877595 DOI: 10.1038/srep26639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major challenges in vision research is to analyze the effect of visual stimuli on human vision. However, no relationship has been yet discovered between the structure of the visual stimulus, and the structure of fixational eye movements. This study reveals the plasticity of human fixational eye movements in relation to the ‘complex’ visual stimulus. We demonstrated that the fractal temporal structure of visual dynamics shifts towards the fractal dynamics of the visual stimulus (image). The results showed that images with higher complexity (higher fractality) cause fixational eye movements with lower fractality. Considering the brain, as the main part of nervous system that is engaged in eye movements, we analyzed the governed Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal during fixation. We have found out that there is a coupling between fractality of image, EEG and fixational eye movements. The capability observed in this research can be further investigated and applied for treatment of different vision disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Namazi
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Vladimir V Kulish
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Amin Akrami
- School of Mechanical engineering, University of Tehran, Iran
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Ţălu Ş, Stach S, Lainović T, Vilotić M, Blažić L, Alb SF, Kakaš D. Surface roughness and morphology of dental nanocomposites polished by four different procedures evaluated by a multifractal approach. APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.12.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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