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Gutiérrez Rico E, Joseph P, Noutsos C, Poon K. Hypothalamic and hippocampal transcriptome changes in App NL-G-F mice as a function of metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction. Neuroscience 2024; 554:107-117. [PMID: 39002757 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
The progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a silent phase that predates characteristic cognitive decline and eventually leads to active cognitive deficits. Metabolism, diet, and obesity have been correlated to the development of AD but is poorly understood. The hypothalamus is a brain region that exerts homeostatic control on food intake and metabolism and has been noted to be impacted during the active phase of Alzheimer's disease. This study, in using an amyloid overexpression AppNL-G-F mouse model under normal metabolic conditions, examines blood markers in young and old male AppNL-G-F mice (n = 5) that corresponds to the silent and active phases of AD, and bulk gene expression changes in the hypothalamus and the hippocampus. The results show a large panel of inflammatory mediators, leptin, and other proteins that may be involved in weakening the blood brain barrier, to be increased in the young AppNL-G-F mice but not in the old AppNL-G-F mice. There were also several differentially expressed genes in both the hypothalamus and the hippocampus in the young AppNL-G-F mice prior to amyloid plaque formation and cognitive decline that persisted in the old AppNL-G-F mice, including GABRa2 receptor, Wdfy1, and several pseudogenes with unknown function. These results suggests that a larger panel of inflammatory mediators may be used as blood markers to detect silent AD, and that a change in leptin and gene expression in the hypothalamus exist prior to cognitive effects, suggesting a coupling of metabolism with amyloid plaque induced cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Gutiérrez Rico
- Tohoku University, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Patricia Joseph
- SUNY Old Westbury, 223 Store Hill Rd, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Christos Noutsos
- SUNY Old Westbury, 223 Store Hill Rd, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA
| | - Kinning Poon
- SUNY Old Westbury, 223 Store Hill Rd, Old Westbury, NY 11568, USA.
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2
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O'Hearn LA. Signals of energy availability in sleep: consequences of a fat-based metabolism. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1397185. [PMID: 39267859 PMCID: PMC11390529 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1397185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans can flexibly switch between two primary metabolic modes, usually distinguished by whether substrate supply from glucose can meet energy demands or not. However, it is often overlooked that when glucose use is limited, the remainder of energy needs may still be met more or less effectively with fat and ketone bodies. Hence a fat-based metabolism marked by ketosis is often conflated with starvation and contexts of inadequate energy (including at the cellular level), even when energy itself is in ample supply. Sleep and satiation are regulated by common pathways reflecting energy metabolism. A conceptual analysis that distinguishes signals of inadequate energy in a glucose-dominant metabolism from signals of a fat-based metabolism that may well be energy sufficient allows a reexamination of experimental results in the study of sleep that may shed light on species differences and explain why ketogenic diets have beneficial effects simultaneously in the brain and the periphery. It may also help to distinguish clinically when a failure of a ketogenic diet to resolve symptoms is due to inadequate energy rather than the metabolic state itself.
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3
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Duhart JM, Inami S, Koh K. Many faces of sleep regulation: beyond the time of day and prior wake time. FEBS J 2023; 290:931-950. [PMID: 34908236 PMCID: PMC9198110 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The two-process model of sleep regulation posits two main processes regulating sleep: the circadian process controlled by the circadian clock and the homeostatic process that depends on the history of sleep and wakefulness. The model has provided a dominant conceptual framework for sleep research since its publication ~ 40 years ago. The time of day and prior wake time are the primary factors affecting the circadian and homeostatic processes, respectively. However, it is critical to consider other factors influencing sleep. Since sleep is incompatible with other behaviors, it is affected by the need for essential behaviors such as eating, foraging, mating, caring for offspring, and avoiding predators. Sleep is also affected by sensory inputs, sickness, increased need for memory consolidation after learning, and other factors. Here, we review multiple factors influencing sleep and discuss recent insights into the mechanisms balancing competing needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Manuel Duhart
- Department of Neuroscience, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA
- These authors contributed equally
- Present address: Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sho Inami
- Department of Neuroscience, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Kyunghee Koh
- Department of Neuroscience, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA
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4
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Cao V, Clark A, Aggarwal B. Dieting Behavior Characterized by Caloric Restriction and Relation to Sleep: A Brief Contemporary Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:276. [PMID: 36612601 PMCID: PMC9819120 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is sufficient evidence showing that greater sleep quality improves weight loss outcomes achieved through dietary modifications; however, the effects of dietary modifications such as caloric restriction on sleep outcomes is less established. Caloric restriction is a commonly recommended weight-loss method, yet it may result in short-term weight loss and subsequent weight regain, known as "weight cycling", which has recently been shown to be associated with both poor sleep and worse cardiovascular health. The purpose of this brief narrative review was to summarize the evidence from recent studies of the effects of caloric restriction on sleep. Six articles were identified that specifically measured effects of a caloric restriction-based intervention on aspects of sleep as primary or secondary outcomes. Most research to date indicates that caloric restriction improves sleep outcomes including sleep quality and sleep onset latency. However, the relation between caloric restriction and sleep duration is less clear. Given the mixed results and the potential for severe caloric restriction to lead to weight cycling, future studies are needed to clarify how caloric restriction affects sleep and the potential implications for weight-management efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Cao
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Alisha Clark
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Brooke Aggarwal
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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5
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Hafycz JM, Strus E, Naidoo N. Reducing ER stress with chaperone therapy reverses sleep fragmentation and cognitive decline in aged mice. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13598. [PMID: 35488730 PMCID: PMC9197403 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As the aging population grows, the need to understand age-related changes in health is vital. Two prominent behavioral changes that occur with age are disrupted sleep and impaired cognition. Sleep disruptions lead to perturbations in proteostasis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in mice. Further, consolidated sleep and protein synthesis are necessary for memory formation. With age, the molecular mechanisms that relieve cellular stress and ensure proper protein folding become less efficient. It is unclear if a causal relationship links proteostasis, sleep quality, and cognition in aging. Here, we used a mouse model of aging to determine if supplementing chaperone levels reduces ER stress and improves sleep quality and memory. We administered the chemical chaperone 4-phenyl butyrate (PBA) to aged and young mice, and monitored sleep and cognitive behavior. We found that chaperone treatment consolidates sleep and wake, and improves learning in aged mice. These data correlate with reduced ER stress in the cortex and hippocampus of aged mice. Chaperone treatment increased p-CREB, which is involved in memory formation and synaptic plasticity, in hippocampi of chaperone-treated aged mice. Hippocampal overexpression of the endogenous chaperone, binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), improved cognition, reduced ER stress, and increased p-CREB in aged mice, suggesting that supplementing BiP levels are sufficient to restore some cognitive function. Together, these results indicate that restoring proteostasis improves sleep and cognition in a wild-type mouse model of aging. The implications of these results could have an impact on the development of therapies to improve health span across the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Hafycz
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute and Department of MedicinePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ewa Strus
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute and Department of MedicinePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Nirinjini Naidoo
- Chronobiology and Sleep Institute and Department of MedicinePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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6
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Choi Y, Son B, Shin WC, Nam SU, Lee J, Lim J, Kim S, Yang C, Lee H. Association of Dietary Behaviors with Poor Sleep Quality and Increased Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Korean Military Service Members. Nat Sci Sleep 2022; 14:1737-1751. [PMID: 36187326 PMCID: PMC9521233 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s378564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep quality among military service members is important for enhancing their capabilities and preventing psychiatric problems. We aimed to explore the association of dietary behaviors with poor sleep quality and increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in military men on active duty. PATIENTS AND METHODS A large-scale multi-site cross-sectional survey was conducted in five units of the Republic of Korea's army. Poor sleep quality and increased risk of OSA were defined using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and Berlin Questionnaire, respectively. Information on dietary behaviors, including the frequency of skipping breakfast, eating snacks, consuming a night meal, and overeating, were collected. RESULTS From August 2021 to September 2021, 4389 male respondents, mean age (20.8 ± 1.3 years), completed the survey; 2579 (58.8%) were assessed as having poor sleep quality, and 614 (14.0%) increased risk of OSA. After adjusting for lifestyle and occupational covariates, skipping breakfast 1-2 times weekly was associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing poor sleep quality, compared with not skipping breakfast (odds ratio: 1.23 [95% CI 1.02-1.47]). Eating night meals 5-6 times weekly was also associated with poor sleep quality (odds ratio: 5.54 [95% CI 2.49-14.18]). In addition, skipping breakfast daily (odds ratio: 2.28 [95% CI 1.27-4.03]) and eating night meals daily (odds ratio: 2.30 [95% CI 1.21-4.22]) were related to an increased risk of OSA. CONCLUSION Dietary behaviors appear to be related to poor sleep quality and a high risk of OSA. To improve sleep quality, dietary factors could be considered when promoting health programs for military personnel in further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Choi
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunwoo Son
- Combined Dispensary, 7th Corps, Republic of Korea Army, Icheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Chul Shin
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Medical Company, 1st Airborne Special Forces Brigade, Republic of Korea Army, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Uk Nam
- 28th Division, Republic of Korea Army, Yangju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehong Lee
- Medical Corps, The Capital Defense Command, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwoong Lim
- Department of Clinical Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Wonkwang University Gwangju Korean Medicine Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungha Kim
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsop Yang
- KM Science Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonhoon Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,9th Division, Republic of Korea Army, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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7
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Tan Y, Hang F, Liu ZW, Stoiljkovic M, Wu M, Tu Y, Han W, Lee AM, Kelley C, Hajós M, Lu L, de Lecea L, De Araujo I, Picciotto MR, Horvath TL, Gao XB. Impaired hypocretin/orexin system alters responses to salient stimuli in obese male mice. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:4985-4998. [PMID: 32516139 DOI: 10.1172/jci130889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The brain has evolved in an environment where food sources are scarce, and foraging for food is one of the major challenges for survival of the individual and species. Basic and clinical studies show that obesity or overnutrition leads to overwhelming changes in the brain in animals and humans. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the consequences of excessive energy intake are not well understood. Neurons expressing the neuropeptide hypocretin/orexin (Hcrt) in the lateral/perifonical hypothalamus (LH) are critical for homeostatic regulation, reward seeking, stress response, and cognitive functions. In this study, we examined adaptations in Hcrt cells regulating behavioral responses to salient stimuli in diet-induced obese mice. Our results demonstrated changes in primary cilia, synaptic transmission and plasticity, cellular responses to neurotransmitters necessary for reward seeking, and stress responses in Hcrt neurons from obese mice. Activities of neuronal networks in the LH and hippocampus were impaired as a result of decreased hypocretinergic function. The weakened Hcrt system decreased reward seeking while altering responses to acute stress (stress-coping strategy), which were reversed by selectively activating Hcrt cells with chemogenetics. Taken together, our data suggest that a deficiency in Hcrt signaling may be a common cause of behavioral changes (such as lowered arousal, weakened reward seeking, and altered stress response) in obese animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tan
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Fu Hang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Guangxi Reproductive Medical Research Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhong-Wu Liu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Milan Stoiljkovic
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Mingxing Wu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Second Affiliate Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Tu
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Health Preservation, Second Clinic Medical School, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenfei Han
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Angela M Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Craig Kelley
- Joint Biomedical Engineering Program, SUNY Downstate and NYU Tandon, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Mihály Hajós
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Luis de Lecea
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ivan De Araujo
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Marina R Picciotto
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tamas L Horvath
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xiao-Bing Gao
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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8
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Liu J, Dimitrov S, Sawangjit A, Born J, Ehrlich I, Hallschmid M. Short-term high-fat feeding induces a reversible net decrease in synaptic AMPA receptors in the hypothalamus. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 87:108516. [PMID: 33022406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dietary obesity compromises brain function, but the effects of high-fat food on synaptic transmission in hypothalamic networks, as well as their potential reversibility, are yet to be fully characterized. We investigated the impact of high-fat feeding on a hallmark of synaptic plasticity, i.e., the expression of glutamatergic α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) that contain the subunits GluA1 and GluA2, in hypothalamic and cortical synaptoneurosomes of male rats. In the main experiment (experiment 1), three days, but not one day of high-fat diet (HFD) decreased the levels of AMPAR GluA1 and GluA2 subunits, as well as GluA1 phosphorylation at Ser845, in hypothalamus but not cortex. In experiment 2, we compared the effects of the three-day HFD with those a three-day HFD followed by four recovery days of normal chow. This experiment corroborated the suppressive effect of high-fat feeding on hypothalamic but not cortical AMPAR GluA1, GluA2, and GluA1 phosphorylation at Ser845, and indicated that the effects are reversed by normal-chow feeding. High-fat feeding generally increased energy intake, body weight, and serum concentrations of insulin, leptin, free fatty acids, and corticosterone; only the three-day HFD increased wakefulness assessed via video analysis. Results indicate a reversible down-regulation of hypothalamic glutamatergic synaptic strength in response to short-term high-fat feeding. Preceding the manifestation of obesity, this rapid change in glutamatergic neurotransmission may underlie counter-regulatory efforts to prevent excess body weight gain, and therefore, represent a new target of interventions to improve metabolic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Liu
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stoyan Dimitrov
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anuck Sawangjit
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ingrid Ehrlich
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Manfred Hallschmid
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Tübingen, Germany; Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany.
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9
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KLF4 Exerts Sedative Effects in Pentobarbital-Treated Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:596-606. [PMID: 32789565 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01680-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
KLF4 is a zinc-finger transcription factor that plays an essential role in many biological processes, including neuroinflammation, neuron regeneration, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Through effects on these processes, KLF4 has likely roles in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and traumatic brain injury. However, little is known about the role of KLF4 in more immediate behavioral processes that similarly depend upon broad changes in brain excitability, such as the sleep process. Here, behavioral approaches, western blot, and immunohistochemical experiments were used to explore the role of KLF4 on sedation and the potential mechanisms of those effects. The results showed that overexpression of KLF4 prolonged loss of righting reflex (LORR) duration in pentobarbital-treated mice and increased c-Fos expression in the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO), while it decreased c-Fos expression in the tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN). Moreover, overexpression of KLF4 reduced the expression of p53 in the hypothalamus and increased the expression of STAT3 in the hypothalamus. Therefore, these results suggest that KLF4 exerts sedative effects through the regulation of p53 and STAT3 expression, and it indicates a role of KLF4 ligands in the treatment of sleep disorders.
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10
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Pahlavani N, Khayyatzadeh SS, Banazadeh V, Bagherniya M, Tayefi M, Eslami S, Ferns GA, Ghayour-Mobarhan M. Adherence to a Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-Style in Relation to Daytime Sleepiness. Nat Sci Sleep 2020; 12:325-332. [PMID: 32607032 PMCID: PMC7292369 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s246991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial impact of adherence to a DASH diet on several metabolic conditions and psychological well-being has been shown previously. Dietary modification can affect sleep quality. Thus, the aim of this present study was to investigate the correlation between adherence to the DASH diet and daytime sleepiness score in adolescent girls. METHODS A total of 535 adolescent girls aged between 12 and 18 years old were recruited from different regions of Khorasan Razavi in northeastern of Iran, using a random cluster sampling method. DASH scores were determined according to the method of Fung et al. A Persian translation of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS-IR) was used to assess of daytime sleepiness. To investigate the correlation between DASH-style diet and daytime sleepiness score, we applied logistic regression analysis in crude and adjusted models. RESULTS As may be expected, participants with the greatest adherence to the DASH diet had significantly higher intakes of fruits, vegetables, low-fat dairy products, fish and nuts, and lower consumption of refined grains, red and processed meat, sugar-sweetened beverages and sweets. There was an inverse correlation between adherence to the DASH-style diet and scores for daytime sleepiness in crude model (β= -0.12; P=0.005). These findings were remained significant after adjustment for confounding variables (β= -0.08 P=0.04). CONCLUSION There is an inverse correlation between adherence to DASH diet and daytime sleepiness score. Further studies, particularly longitudinal studies, are required to determine whether dietary intervention may improve daytime sleepiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseh Pahlavani
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sayyed Saeid Khayyatzadeh
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Vahideh Banazadeh
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Bagherniya
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Tayefi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Science (MUMS), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeid Eslami
- Department of Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Division of Medical Education, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Department of Modern Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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11
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Chellappa K, Perron IJ, Naidoo N, Baur JA. The leptin sensitizer celastrol reduces age-associated obesity and modulates behavioral rhythms. Aging Cell 2019; 18:e12874. [PMID: 30821426 PMCID: PMC6516176 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity increases with age in humans and in rodents. Age‐related obesity is characterized by leptin resistance and associated with heightened risk of metabolic disorders. However, the effect of leptin resistance per se has been difficult to disentangle from other effects of aging. Here we demonstrate that celastrol, a natural phytochemical that was previously shown to act as a leptin sensitizer, induces weight loss in aged animals, but not in young controls. Celastrol reduces food intake and lowers fasting glucose without affecting energy expenditure. Unexpectedly, administration of celastrol just before the dark period disrupted circadian rhythms of sleep and activity. This regimen was also associated with loss of lean mass an outcome that would not be desirable in elderly patients. Adjusting the timing of celastrol administration by 12 hr, to the beginning of the light period, avoided interference with circadian rhythms while retaining the reductions in body weight and adiposity. Thus, targeting leptin signaling is an effective strategy to ameliorate age‐associated weight gain, and can profoundly impact circadian rhythms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karthikeyani Chellappa
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Isaac J. Perron
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Nirinjini Naidoo
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
| | - Joseph A. Baur
- Department of Physiology and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania
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12
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Perron IJ, Keenan BT, Chellappa K, Lahens NF, Yohn NL, Shockley KR, Pack AI, Veasey SC. Dietary challenges differentially affect activity and sleep/wake behavior in mus musculus: Isolating independent associations with diet/energy balance and body weight. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196743. [PMID: 29746501 PMCID: PMC5945034 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Associated with numerous metabolic and behavioral abnormalities, obesity is classified by metrics reliant on body weight (such as body mass index). However, overnutrition is the common cause of obesity, and may independently contribute to these obesity-related abnormalities. Here, we use dietary challenges to parse apart the relative influence of diet and/or energy balance from body weight on various metabolic and behavioral outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventy male mice (mus musculus) were subjected to the diet switch feeding paradigm, generating groups with various body weights and energetic imbalances. Spontaneous activity patterns, blood metabolite levels, and unbiased gene expression of the nutrient-sensing ventral hypothalamus (using RNA-sequencing) were measured, and these metrics were compared using standardized multivariate linear regression models. RESULTS Spontaneous activity patterns were negatively related to body weight (p<0.0001) but not diet/energy balance (p = 0.63). Both body weight and diet/energy balance predicted circulating glucose and insulin levels, while body weight alone predicted plasma leptin levels. Regarding gene expression within the ventral hypothalamus, only two genes responded to diet/energy balance (neuropeptide y [npy] and agouti-related peptide [agrp]), while others were related only to body weight. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these results demonstrate that individual components of obesity-specifically obesogenic diets/energy imbalance and elevated body mass-can have independent effects on metabolic and behavioral outcomes. This work highlights the shortcomings of using body mass-based indices to assess metabolic health, and identifies novel associations between blood biomarkers, neural gene expression, and animal behavior following dietary challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac J. Perron
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Brendan T. Keenan
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Karthikeyani Chellappa
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nicholas F. Lahens
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nicole L. Yohn
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Keith R. Shockley
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Allan I. Pack
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Sigrid C. Veasey
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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13
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Ly S, Pack AI, Naidoo N. The neurobiological basis of sleep: Insights from Drosophila. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 87:67-86. [PMID: 29391183 PMCID: PMC5845852 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sleep is a biological enigma that has raised numerous questions about the inner workings of the brain. The fundamental question of why our nervous systems have evolved to require sleep remains a topic of ongoing scientific deliberation. This question is largely being addressed by research using animal models of sleep. Drosophila melanogaster, also known as the common fruit fly, exhibits a sleep state that shares common features with many other species. Drosophila sleep studies have unearthed an immense wealth of knowledge about the neuroscience of sleep. Given the breadth of findings published on Drosophila sleep, it is important to consider how all of this information might come together to generate a more holistic understanding of sleep. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the neurobiology of Drosophila sleep and explores the broader insights and implications of how sleep is regulated across species and why it is necessary for the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ly
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, 125 South 31st St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3403, United States.
| | - Allan I Pack
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, 125 South 31st St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3403, United States; Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 125 South 31st St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3403, United States
| | - Nirinjini Naidoo
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, 125 South 31st St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3403, United States; Division of Sleep Medicine/Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 125 South 31st St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104-3403, United States.
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14
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Abstract
Scientists using laboratory animals are under increasing pressure to justify their sample sizes using a "power analysis". In this paper I review the three methods currently used to determine sample size: "tradition" or "common sense", the "resource equation" and the "power analysis". I explain how, using the "KISS" approach, scientists can make a provisional choice of sample size using any method, and then easily estimate the effect size likely to be detectable according to a power analysis. Should they want to be able to detect a smaller effect they can increase their provisional sample size and recalculate the effect size. This is simple, does not need any software and provides justification for the sample size in the terms used in a power analysis.
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15
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Ho JM, Ducich NH, Nguyen NQK, Opp MR. Acute sleep disruption- and high-fat diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation are not related to glucose tolerance in mice. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2018; 4:1-9. [PMID: 29732438 PMCID: PMC5931726 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic insufficient sleep is a major societal problem and is associated with increased risk of metabolic disease. Hypothalamic inflammation contributes to hyperphagia and weight gain in diet-induced obesity, but insufficient sleep-induced neuroinflammation has yet to be examined in relation to metabolic function. We therefore fragmented sleep of adult male C57BL/6J mice for 18 h daily for 9 days to determine whether sleep disruption elicits inflammatory responses in brain regions that regulate energy balance and whether this relates to glycemic control. To additionally test the hypothesis that exposure to multiple inflammatory factors exacerbates metabolic outcomes, responses were compared in mice exposed to sleep fragmentation (SF), high-fat diet (HFD), both SF and HFD, or control conditions. Three or 9 days of high-fat feeding reduced glucose tolerance but SF alone did not. Transient loss of body mass in SF mice may have affected outcomes. Comparisons of pro-inflammatory cytokine concentrations among central and peripheral metabolic tissues indicate that patterns of liver interleukin-1β concentrations best reflects observed changes in glucose tolerance. However, we demonstrate that SF rapidly and potently increases Iba1 immunoreactivity (-ir), a marker of microglia. After 9 days of manipulations, Iba1-ir remains elevated only in mice exposed to both SF and HFD, indicating a novel interaction between sleep and diet on microglial activation that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M. Ho
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicole H. Ducich
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nhat-Quynh K. Nguyen
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark R. Opp
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Corresponding author. Present addrss: Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, UCB 354, 2860 Wilderness Place, 201K, Boulder, CO 80301, USA.
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16
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Restoring Serotonergic Homeostasis in the Lateral Hypothalamus Rescues Sleep Disturbances Induced by Early-Life Obesity. J Neurosci 2017; 38:441-451. [PMID: 29196316 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1333-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-life obesity predisposes to obesity in adulthood, a condition with broad medical implications including sleep disorders, which can exacerbate metabolic disturbances and disrupt cognitive and affective behaviors. In this study, we examined the long-term impact of transient peripubertal diet-induced obesity (ppDIO, induced between 4 and 10 weeks of age) on sleep-wake behavior in male mice. EEG and EMG recordings revealed that ppDIO increases sleep during the active phase but reduces resting-phase sleep quality. This impaired sleep phenotype persisted for up to 1 year, although animals were returned to a non-obesiogenic diet from postnatal week 11 onwards. To better understand the mechanisms responsible for the ppDIO-induced alterations in sleep, we focused on the lateral hypothalamus (LH). Mice exposed to ppDIO did not show altered mRNA expression levels of orexin and melanin-concentrating hormone, two peptides that are important for sleep-wake behavior and food intake. Conversely, the LH of ppDIO-exposed mice had reduced contents of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), a neurotransmitter involved in both sleep-wake and satiety regulation. Interestingly, an acute peripheral injection of the satiety-signaling peptide YY 3-36 increased 5-HT turnover in the LH and ameliorated the ppDIO-induced sleep disturbances, suggesting the therapeutic potential of this peptide. These findings provide new insights into how sleep-wake behavior is programmed during early life and how peripheral and central signals are integrated to coordinate sleep.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Adult physiology and behavior are strongly influenced by dynamic reorganization of the brain during puberty. The present work shows that obesity during puberty leads to persistently dysregulated patterns of sleep and wakefulness by blunting serotonergic signaling in the lateral hypothalamus. It also shows that pharmacological mimicry of satiety with peptide YY3-36 can reverse this neurochemical imbalance and acutely restore sleep composition. These findings add insight into how innate behaviors such as feeding and sleep are integrated and suggest a novel mechanism through which diet-induced obesity during puberty imposes its long-lasting effects on sleep-wake behavior.
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17
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Gerstner JR, Perron IJ, Riedy SM, Yoshikawa T, Kadotani H, Owada Y, Van Dongen HPA, Galante RJ, Dickinson K, Yin JCP, Pack AI, Frank MG. Normal sleep requires the astrocyte brain-type fatty acid binding protein FABP7. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602663. [PMID: 28435883 PMCID: PMC5381954 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is found widely in the animal kingdom. Despite this, few conserved molecular pathways that govern sleep across phyla have been described. The mammalian brain-type fatty acid binding protein (Fabp7) is expressed in astrocytes, and its mRNA oscillates in tandem with the sleep-wake cycle. However, the role of FABP7 in regulating sleep remains poorly understood. We found that the missense mutation FABP7.T61M is associated with fragmented sleep in humans. This phenotype was recapitulated in mice and fruitflies bearing similar mutations: Fabp7-deficient mice and transgenic flies that express the FABP7.T61M missense mutation in astrocytes also show fragmented sleep. These results provide novel evidence for a distinct molecular pathway linking lipid-signaling cascades within astrocytes in sleep regulation among phylogenetically disparate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Gerstner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210, USA
| | - Isaac J. Perron
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Samantha M. Riedy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210, USA
| | - Takeo Yoshikawa
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kadotani
- Department of Sleep and Behavioral Sciences, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu City, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Yuji Owada
- Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Hans P. A. Van Dongen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210, USA
| | - Raymond J. Galante
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kaitlin Dickinson
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jerry C. P. Yin
- Department of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Allan I. Pack
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marcos G. Frank
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Washington State University, Spokane, WA 99210, USA
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18
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Luppi M, Al-Jahmany AA, Del Vecchio F, Cerri M, Di Cristoforo A, Hitrec T, Martelli D, Perez E, Zamboni G, Amici R. Wake-sleep and cardiovascular regulatory changes in rats made obese by a high-fat diet. Behav Brain Res 2017; 320:347-355. [PMID: 28011172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is known to be associated with alterations in wake-sleep (WS) architecture and cardiovascular parameters. This study was aimed at assessing the possible influence of diet-induced obesity (DIO) on sleep homeostasis and on the WS state-dependent levels of arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate in the rat. Two groups of age-matched Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a high-fat hypercaloric diet, leading to DIO, or a normocaloric standard diet (lean controls) for 8 weeks. While under general anesthesia, animals were implanted with instrumentation for the recording of electroencephalogram, electromyogram, arterial pressure, and deep brain temperature. The experimental protocol consisted of 48h of baseline, 12h of gentle handling, enhancing wake and depressing sleep, and 36-h post-handling recovery. Compared to lean controls, DIO rats showed: i) the same amount of rapid-eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep in the rest period, although the latter was characterized by more fragmented episodes; ii) an increase in both REM sleep and NREM sleep in the activity period; iii) a comparable post-handling sleep homeostatic response, in terms of either the degree of Delta power increase during NREM sleep or the quantitative compensation of the REM sleep loss at the end of the 36-h recovery period; iv) significantly higher levels of AP, irrespectively of the different WS states and of the changes in their intensity throughout the experimental protocol. Overall, these changes may be the reflection of a modification in the activity of the hypothalamic areas where WS, autonomic, and metabolic regulations are known to interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Luppi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Abed A Al-Jahmany
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Flavia Del Vecchio
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Matteo Cerri
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessia Di Cristoforo
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Timna Hitrec
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Davide Martelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, 3052, Australia.
| | - Emanuele Perez
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giovanni Zamboni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Roberto Amici
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences-Physiology, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Piazza di Porta San Donato, 2, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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19
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Tan X, Alén M, Wang K, Tenhunen J, Wiklund P, Partinen M, Cheng S. Effect of Six-Month Diet Intervention on Sleep among Overweight and Obese Men with Chronic Insomnia Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8110751. [PMID: 27886073 PMCID: PMC5133133 DOI: 10.3390/nu8110751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that diet alteration affects sleep, but this has not yet been studied in adults with insomnia symptoms. We aimed to determine the effect of a six-month diet intervention on sleep among overweight and obese (Body mass index, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) men with chronic insomnia symptoms. Forty-nine men aged 30–65 years with chronic insomnia symptoms were randomized into diet (n = 28) or control (n = 21) groups. The diet group underwent a six-month individualized diet intervention with three face-to-face counseling sessions and online supervision 1–3 times per week; 300–500 kcal/day less energy intake and optimized nutrient composition were recommended. Controls were instructed to maintain their habitual lifestyle. Sleep parameters were determined by piezoelectric bed sensors, a sleep diary, and a Basic Nordic sleep questionnaire. Compared to the controls, the diet group had shorter objective sleep onset latency after intervention. Within the diet group, prolonged objective total sleep time, improved objective sleep efficiency, lower depression score, less subjective nocturnal awakenings, and nocturia were found after intervention. In conclusion, modest energy restriction and optimized nutrient composition shorten sleep onset latency in overweight and obese men with insomnia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tan
- Exercise Health and Technology Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland.
| | - Markku Alén
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland.
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Oulu University Hospital and Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland.
| | - Kun Wang
- Exercise Health and Technology Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - Jarkko Tenhunen
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland.
| | - Petri Wiklund
- Exercise Health and Technology Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland.
| | - Markku Partinen
- VitalMed Research Center, Helsinki Sleep Clinic and Department of Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00380, Finland.
| | - Sulin Cheng
- Exercise Health and Technology Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä 40014, Finland.
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20
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Collet TH, van der Klaauw AA, Henning E, Keogh JM, Suddaby D, Dachi SV, Dunbar S, Kelway S, Dickson SL, Farooqi IS, Schmid SM. The Sleep/Wake Cycle is Directly Modulated by Changes in Energy Balance. Sleep 2016; 39:1691-700. [PMID: 27306267 PMCID: PMC4989258 DOI: 10.5665/sleep.6094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The rise in obesity has been paralleled by a decline in sleep duration in epidemiological studies. However, the potential mechanisms linking energy balance and the sleep/wake cycle are not well understood. We aimed to examine the effects of manipulating energy balance on the sleep/wake cycle. METHODS Twelve healthy normal weight men were housed in a clinical research facility and studied at three time points: baseline, after energy balance was disrupted by 2 days of caloric restriction to 10% of energy requirements, and after energy balance was restored by 2 days of ad libitum/free feeding. Sleep architecture, duration of sleep stages, and sleep-associated respiratory parameters were measured by polysomnography. RESULTS Two days of caloric restriction significantly increased the duration of deep (stage 4) sleep (16.8% to 21.7% of total sleep time; P = 0.03); an effect which was entirely reversed upon free feeding (P = 0.01). Although the apnea-hypopnea index stayed within the reference range (< 5 events per hour), it decreased significantly from caloric restriction to free feeding (P = 0.03). Caloric restriction was associated with a marked fall in leptin (P < 0.001) and insulin levels (P = 0.002). The fall in orexin levels from baseline to caloric restriction correlated positively with duration of stage 4 sleep (Spearman rho = 0.83, P = 0.01) and negatively with the number of awakenings in caloric restriction (Spearman rho = -0.79, P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that changes in energy homeostasis directly and reversibly impact on the sleep/wake cycle. These findings provide a mechanistic framework for investigating the association between sleep duration and obesity risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinh-Hai Collet
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Agatha A. van der Klaauw
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elana Henning
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia M. Keogh
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Diane Suddaby
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sekesai V. Dachi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Síle Dunbar
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah Kelway
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Suzanne L. Dickson
- Institute for Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - I. Sadaf Farooqi
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sebastian M. Schmid
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and the NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Lübeck, Germany
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