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Lewton JR, Woodward AD, Moser RL, Thelen KM, Moeser AJ, Trottier NL, Tempelman RJ, Rozeboom DW. Effects of a multi-strain Bacillus subtilis-based direct-fed microbial on weanling pig growth performance and nutrient digestibility. Transl Anim Sci 2021; 5:txab058. [PMID: 34278233 PMCID: PMC8281103 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of a multi-strain Bacillus subtilis-based direct-fed microbial (DFM) on growth performance and apparent nutrient digestibility of nursery pigs. Eighty pigs, of equal number of barrows and gilts (initial body weight: 7.0 ± 0.60 kg), were weaned at 21 ± 1 d and randomly allotted to 1 of the 16 pens, with 5 pigs per pen. Two dietary treatments were implemented, a basal control (CON) and a control plus DFM (CDFM). Both diets were corn, soybean meal, and distillers dried grains based. Diets were fed for 42 d and growth performance measures were recorded weekly. On days 21 and 42 of the experiment, one pig per pen, with equal number of males and females, was randomly selected and euthanized. Digestibility of nitrogen (N), amino acids (AA), and energy were evaluated within the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and ascending and distal colon. Relative to CON, CDFM tended to increase ADG during week 2 (P = 0.08) and significantly increased ADFI during week 2 (P = 0.04) and week 3 (P = 0.02). In addition, CDFM decreased the gain to feed ratio (G:F) during week 6 relative to CON (P = 0.04). Within the jejunum, pigs fed the DFM had greater digestibility of tryptophan (P = 0.04) and cysteine (P = 0.04) and tended to have greater digestibility of lysine (P = 0.07), methionine (P = 0.06), and threonine (P = 0.08), relative to CON. The content pH in the ascending colon did not differ between CDFM and CON. Compared with CON, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy did not differ from CDFM, whereas ATTD of nitrogen of CDFM was lower (P = 0.05). The addition of a multi-strain B. subtilis-based DFM appears to impact growth performance, AA, and N digestibility depending upon the location in the gastrointestinal tract, with primary AA differences occurring within the mid-jejunum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaron R Lewton
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | | | | | - Kyan M Thelen
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Adam J Moeser
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Nathalie L Trottier
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Robert J Tempelman
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Dale W Rozeboom
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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The Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Prebiotic and Peptide on Growth Performance and Blood Parameters in Suckling Zell Lambs. Small Rumin Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2020.106121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Lee JJ, Choe J, Kang J, Cho JH, Park S, Perez-Maldonado R, Cho JY, Park IH, Kim HB, Song M. Dietary protease improves growth rate and protein digestibility of growing-finishing pigs. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:313-320. [PMID: 32568259 PMCID: PMC7288229 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.3.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This research was performed to investigate the hypothesis that dietary
mono-component protease (PRO) might improve growth performance, nutrient
digestibility, and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. A total of
eighty-four pigs [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire), 25.3 ±
2.16 kg initial body weight] were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments
(7 replicates/treatment; 2 barrows and 2 gilts/replicate) in a randomized
complete block design (block = sex). The dietary treatments were prepared as
follows; (1) a positive control (PC) as a typical growing-finishing diet based
on corn and soybean meal, (2) PC added with 0.015% of PRO (PCPRO), and (3) a
negative control (NC) added with 0.015% of PRO (NCPRO). The NC had a lower
concentration of crude protein (CP) compared with PC. The PRO was a commercial
product that contained 75,000 protease units/g and derived from
Nocardiopsis prasina produced in Bacillus
licheniformis. Dietary treatments were offered to pigs during
growing and finishing periods. Measurements were growth performance, apparent
total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, and carcass characteristics. The
PCPRO and/or NCPRO increased average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio
(G:F) during growing (p < 0.10), finishing
(p < 0.05), and growing-finishing periods
(p < 0.10) compared with PC. Furthermore, pigs fed
PCPRO and NCPRO had higher (p < 0.05) ATTD of CP and
energy during growing and/or finishing periods than those fed PC. In conclusion,
the supplementation of PRO in diets improved growth performance and protein
digestibility of growing-finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Jae Lee
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jeehwan Choe
- Department of Beef Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Joowon Kang
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jin Ho Cho
- Division of Food and Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sangwoo Park
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | | | | | - Il-Hun Park
- DSM Nutrition Korea Ltd., Seoul 06675, Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Division of Animal and Dairy Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
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Rezazadeh F, Kowsar R, Rafiee H, Riasi A. Fermentation of soybean meal improves growth performance and immune response of abruptly weaned Holstein calves during cold weather. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Jeong JS, Kim IH. Comparative efficacy of up to 50% partial fish meal replacement with fermented soybean meal or enzymatically prepared soybean meal on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fecal microflora in weaned pigs. Anim Sci J 2015; 86:624-33. [PMID: 25511109 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the comparative efficacy of partial fish meal (FM) replacement (up to 50%) with fermented soybean meal (FSBM; SoELAB, PepSoyGen and Soytide) or enzymatically prepared SBM (HP 300) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and fecal microflora in weaned pigs. A total of 100 weaned pigs (body weight 6.59 ± 0.29 kg) were used in experimental feeding trials, lasting for up to 6 weeks, and were randomly allotted to five groups with four block replicates of five pigs per pen serving as one block. Dietary treatments were as follows: (i) 100% FM, (ii) 50% FM + 50% SoELAB-54, (iii) 50% FM + 50% PepSoyGen, (iv) 50% FM + 50% Soytide and (v) 50% FM + 50% HP 300. Concerning growth performance, none of the treated SBM preparations demonstrated any significantly different effect compared with FM treatment. With respect to nutrient digestibility, SoELAB and HP 300 treatments demonstrated no significant difference compared with FM treatment. Lastly, none of the SBM preparations demonstrated any significant differences in animal fecal score and all of the differentially treated SBM increased fecal Lactobacillus counts, while maintaining similar Escherichia coli counts compared with FM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Suk Jeong
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
| | - In Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam, South Korea
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Zhao PY, Park JW, Heo JM, Yoo JH, Jeong JS, Kim IH. Partial fish meal replacement with fermented or enzymatically prepared soybean meal in weaned pig diets. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1071/anv55n12ab009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kim MH, Yun CH, Lee CH, Ha JK. The effects of fermented soybean meal on immunophysiological and stress-related parameters in Holstein calves after weaning. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:5203-5212. [PMID: 22916926 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2012-5317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of partial substitution of soybean meal (SBM) with fermented SBM (FSBM) on immunophysiological and stress-related parameters in Holstein calves after weaning. Eighteen Holstein calves were randomly assigned to receive either SBM or FSBM (5% of SBM was replaced with FSBM) calf starter and calves were weaned at 42 d of age. It was noted that FSBM contained a lower content of trypsin inhibitor but higher crude protein, amino acids, and small-sized peptides than those of SBM. The group fed FSBM calf starter significantly increased body weight gain and intakes of both feed and milk, when compared with those fed SBM calf starter at 4 wk of age. Calves fed the FSBM calf starter had significantly lower fecal scores than those fed the SBM calf starter during both pre- and postweaning periods. Calves also had better health scores when fed the FSBM calf starter than those fed SBM during the preweaning period. Weaning challenge significantly increased proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels at 1d postweaning (DPW). The TNF-α and IL-6 levels of the SBM group were significantly higher compared with those of the FSBM group at 3 DPW. Acute phase proteins (serum amyloid A and haptoglobin) in the serum were increased after weaning. Concentrations of serum amyloid A and haptoglobin in calves fed FSBM calf starter were significantly lower than those fed the SBM calf starter at 3 and 5 DPW, respectively. The concentration of cortisol was significantly lower in the FSBM group than that of the SBM group at 3 DPW. Weaning stress did not cause drastic changes in the total serum immunoglobulin levels and composition of peripheral lymphocytes. Our results indicate that FSBM may not only improve growth performance, feed intake, and health conditions during the preweaning period, but also alleviate stress responses, which was indicated by reduced induction of stress hormone, proinflammatory cytokines, and acute phase proteins in Holstein calves after weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - C H Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea; Center for Agricultural Biomaterials, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanangno, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - C H Lee
- Genebiotech Co. Ltd., Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - J K Ha
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea.
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Lee DW, Shin JH, Park JM, Song JC, Suh HJ, Chang UJ, An BK, Kang CW, Kim JM. Growth Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chicks Fed Germinated and Fermented Soybeans. Korean J Food Sci Anim Resour 2010. [DOI: 10.5851/kosfa.2010.30.6.938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kim MH, Yun CH, Kim HS, Kim JH, Kang SJ, Lee CH, Ko JY, Ha JK. Effects of fermented soybean meal on growth performance, diarrheal incidence and immune-response of neonatal calves. Anim Sci J 2010; 81:475-81. [PMID: 20662817 DOI: 10.1111/j.1740-0929.2010.00760.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of partial substitution of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) for soybean meal (SBM) on immune-physiological parameters, growth performance and diarrheal incidence in neonatal calves after microbial infection were investigated. Holstein calves (n = 12) were randomly assigned to two dietary treatments: the SBM and the FSBM group. The latter group received a calf starter containing 5% FSBM instead of SBM. In order to evaluate the immunocompetence against microbial infection, all calves were challenged with porcine live vaccine by intramuscular injection at 21 days of age. The incidence and severity of diarrhea were significantly less (P < 0.05) in the FSBM group compared to those in the SBM group at 21 and 42 days of age. Feeding FSBM starter resulted in a higher (P < 0.05) relative amount of bacterial-specific IgA than those on SBM at days 5 and 14 post-microbial infection (DPMI). Viral-specific IgA also increased (P < 0.05) at 5 DPMI in the FSBM group when compared to the SBM group. The average concentration of haptoglobin of calves fed FSBM was generally higher at 3 DPMI. Our results indicate that FSBM plays a role in the alleviation of diarrhea and in the production of immune-related effector cells such as IgA and haptoglobin in calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung H Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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