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Influence of the Fermented Feed and Vaccination and Their Interaction on Parameters of Large White/Norwegian Landrace Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10071201. [PMID: 32679752 PMCID: PMC7401620 DOI: 10.3390/ani10071201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of fermented with a newly isolated lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains combination (Lactobacillus plantarum LUHS122, Lactobacillus casei LUHS210, Lactobacillus farraginis LUHS206, Pediococcus acidilactici LUHS29, Lactobacillus plantarum LUHS135 and Lactobacillus uvarum LUHS245) feed on non-vaccinated (NV) and vaccinated with Circovac porcine circovirus type 2 vaccine (QI09AA07, CEVA-PHYLAXIA Co. Ltd. Szállás u. 5. 1107 Budapest, Hungary) piglets' blood parameters, gut microbial composition, growth performance and ammonia emission. The 36-day experiment was conducted using 25-day-old Large White/Norwegian Landrace (LW/NL) piglets, which were randomly divided into four groups with 100 piglets each: SnonV-non-vaccinated piglets fed with control group compound feed; SV-vaccinated piglets fed with control group compound feed; RFnonV-non-vaccinated piglets fed with fermented compound feed; RFV-vaccinated piglets fed with fermented compound feed. Samples from 10 animals per group were collected at the beginning and end of the experiment. Metagenomic analysis showed that fermentation had a positive impact on the Lactobacillus prevalence during the post-weaning period of pigs, and vaccination had no negative impact on microbial communities. Although a higher amount of Lactobacillus was detected in vaccinated, compared with non-vaccinated groups. At the end of experiment, there was a significantly higher LAB count in the faeces of both vaccinated compared to non-vaccinated groups (26.6% for SV and 17.2% for RFV), with the highest LAB count in the SV group. At the end of experiment, the SV faeces also had the highest total bacteria count (TBC). The RFV group had a 13.2% increase in total enterobacteria count (TEC) at the end of experiment, and the SV group showed a 31.2% higher yeast/mould (Y/M) count. There were no significant differences in the average daily gain (ADG) among the groups; however, there were significant differences in the feed conversion ratios (FCR) between several groups: SV vs. SnonV (11.5% lower in the SV group), RFV vs. RFnonV (10.2% lower in the RFnonV group) and SV vs. RFV (21.6% lower in the SV group). Furthermore, there was a significant, very strong positive correlation between FCR and TEC in piglets' faeces (R = 0.919, p = 0.041). The lowest ammonia emission was in RFV group section (58.2, 23.8, and 47.33% lower compared with the SnonV, SV and RFnonV groups, respectively). Notably, there was lower ammonia emission in vaccinated groups (45.2% lower in SV vs. SnonV and 47.33% lower in RFV vs. RFnonV). There was also a significant, very strong positive correlation between ammonia emission and Y/M count in piglets' faeces at the end of the experiment (R = 0.974; p = 0.013). Vaccination as a separate factor did not significantly influence piglets' blood parameters. Overall, by changing from an extruded soya to cheaper rapeseed meal and applying the fermentation model with the selected LAB combination, it is possible to feed piglets without any undesirable changes in health and growth performance in a more sustainable manner. However, to evaluate the influence of vaccination and its interaction with other parameters (feed, piglets' age, breed, etc.) on piglets' parameters, additional studies should be performed and methods should be standardised to ensure the results may be compared.
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Xu B, Zhu L, Fu J, Li Z, Wang Y, Jin M. Overall assessment of fermented feed for pigs: a series of meta-analyses. J Anim Sci 2020; 97:4810-4821. [PMID: 31712812 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As an alternative to antimicrobial growth promoters, fermented feed (FF) has been continuously developed for two decades; however, its effects on feed, performance, digestibility, and meat quality of pigs have yet to be systematically and comprehensively evaluated. This study aimed to (i) quantitatively evaluate the effects of fermentation on nutritional components of feed stuffs; (ii) quantitatively evaluate the effects of FF on pig growth performance, digestibility, and meat quality; and (iii) explore the dose-effect relationship. From PubMed and Web of Science (searched range from January 1, 2000 to April 4, 2019), we collected 3,271 articles, of which 30 articles (3,562 pigs) were included in our meta-analysis. Our analysis revealed that fermentation significantly increased the CP content in feed (P < 0.05). For weaned piglets and growing pigs, FF significantly improved ADG, G:F, DM digestibility, N digestibility, and energy digestibility (P < 0.05). However, compared with the basal diet, FF had no significant effects on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in finishing pigs (P > 0.05). In the subgroup analyses, fermented ingredients increased the growth performance of weaned piglets and growing pigs, and fermented additives promoted the growth of pigs at all stages. The dose-effect analysis confirmed that the optimal doses of fermented ingredients and additives were 8% and 0.15%, respectively. Furthermore, FF had beneficial impacts on meat quality through increased lightness, redness, marbling and flavor and reduced drip loss (P < 0.05). In conclusions, FF improved growth performance and meat quality primarily due to its positive effects on nutritive value and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bocheng Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Luoyi Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jie Fu
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory of Biological Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Control, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
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Xu QY, Wang CA, Zhao ZG, Luo L. Effects of Replacement of Fish Meal by Soy Protein Isolate on the Growth, Digestive Enzyme Activity and Serum Biochemical Parameters for Juvenile Amur Sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii). ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2014; 25:1588-94. [PMID: 25049521 PMCID: PMC4093030 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
An 8-wk experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing fish meal (FM) with soy protein isolate (SPI) on the growth, digestive enzyme activity and serum biochemical parameters of juvenile Amur sturgeon (Acipenser schrenckii). SPI was used to replace 0, 25, 50, 62.5, 75, 87.5, 100% of dietary FM and 100% replacement supplemented crystalline amino acid. Healthy sturgeon with an average initial weight of 26.38±0.24 g were randomly assigned to 24 aquaria (8 treatments with triplicates each) at an initial stocking density of 11 fish per aquarium and cultured for 8 wks. The results showed that 75.00% or more substitution resulted in a poor weight gain rate, feed conversion ratio and survival rate compared to that of fish fed the control diet (p<0.05), whereas no significant differences were observed between diets of 25.00% to 62.50% substitution. Protease, lipase and amylase activity in foregut, mid-gut and hindgut were significantly (p<0.05) decreased by diets where SPI replacement levels were 62.50% or more. Levels of serum total protein (TP) and globulin decreased significantly from 21.03, 10.34 to 14.05, 5.63 g/L with the increasing dietary SPI (p<0.05), but alkaline phosphatase activity significantly increased (p<0.05). In addition, supplemental crystalline amino acid in the FM absence diet did not improve growth performance, intestine digestive enzyme activities and serum biochemical parameters. In conclusion, the results from this study showed adverse effects of inclusion of SPI in diets on growth performance, feed utilization and serum biochemical parameters in juvenile Amur sturgeon. Based on WGR and replacement ratio presented in this report, a 57.64% replacement level was recommended.
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Frikha M, Mohiti-Asli M, Chetrit C, Mateos G. Hydrolyzed porcine mucosa in broiler diets: Effects on growth performance, nutrient retention, and histomorphology of the small intestine. Poult Sci 2014; 93:400-11. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Berrocoso JD, Serrano MP, Cámara L, López A, Mateos GG. Influence of source and micronization of soybean meal on nutrient digestibility and growth performance of weanling pigs. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:309-17. [PMID: 23100572 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 288 piglets weaned at 28 d and weighing 7.6 ± 0.2 kg were used in a 35-d experiment to evaluate the effect of CP content (44% vs. 49% CP) of soybean meal (SBM), micronization (fine grinding) of the 49% CP SBM (HP-SBM), and soy protein concentrate (SPC; 65% CP) on total tract apparent digestibility (TTAD) and growth performance. In phase I (d 0 to 21 of experiment), there was a positive control diet that included 6.5% of CP from a SPC with 65% CP and a negative control diet that supplied the same amount of CP as regular SBM (R-SBM) with 44% CP. The other 4 diets included the same amount of dietary CP from 2 different sources of HP-SBM that were either ground (990 μm) or micronized (60 μm). All diets were isonutritive, and the main difference was the source of SBM used. Each treatment was replicated 8 times (6 pigs per pen). In phase II (d 21 to 35), all pigs were fed a common commercial starter diet. For the entire phase I, the type of soy product did not affect growth performance of the pigs. However, from 0 to 7 d of experiment, pigs fed the micronized HP-SBM had better G:F (1.11 vs. 0.98; P<0.05) than piglets fed the ground HP-SBM. Also, from 7 to 14 d of experiment, ADFI tended to be greater (P=0.08) for pigs fed the micronized HP-SBM than for piglets fed the ground HP-SBM. During phase II (all the pigs received the same diet), no differences among treatments were observed. In general, TTAD of nutrients at 7 d of experiment was greater for the SPC than the R-SBM diet, with the HP-SBM diets being intermediate. The TTAD of CP was greater (83.8% vs. 81.9%; P≤0.01) for the SPC diet than the average of the SBM diets. Also, the digestibility of OM and DM was greater (P<0.01) for the HP-SBM either ground or micronized than the R-SBM diet. Micronization of the HP-SBM did not affect nutrient digestibility. It is concluded that when the R-SBM is substituted by SPC, CP digestibility is improved, but no effects are observed on growth performance. The use of the HP-SBM in substitution of the R-SBM in the diet improved nutrient digestibility but did not affect piglet performance. The inclusion of micronized HP-SBM in the diet improved G:F during the first week postweaning but did not affect TTAD of nutrients. In general, the inclusion of added-value soy products (SPC or micronized SBM) in the diet presents little advantage in terms of growth performance over the use of HP-SBM in pigs weaned at 28 d of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Berrocoso
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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