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González-Arostegui LG, Muñoz-Prieto A, García-López G, Cerón JJ, Tvarijonaviciute A, Rubio CP. Changes in biomarkers of the redox status in whole blood and red blood cell lysates in canine hypothyroidism. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:2185-2192. [PMID: 38662314 PMCID: PMC11315793 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10382-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Hypothyroidism is the most commonly diagnosed endocrine disease in dogs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in the redox status in canine hypothyroidism using whole blood (WB) and red blood cell (RBCs) lysates. For this purpose, a panel of five antioxidants and five oxidants biomarkers was measured in WB and RBCs lysates of 30 dogs with hypothyroidism, 26 dogs with non-thyroidal illnesses and 15 healthy dogs. The antioxidants measured were cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), thiol and paraoxonase type-1 (PON-1). Oxidants measured include the total oxidant status (TOS), peroxide-activity (POX-Act), reactive oxygen-derived metabolites (d-ROMs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). WB showed a significant decrease of the antioxidants CUPRAC, TEAC and thiol, and also an increase in TBARS and a decrease in AOPP in dogs with hypothyroidism compared to healthy dogs. Meanwhile, RBCs lysates showed a significant increase in FRAP and PON-1 in dogs with hypothyroidism. The changes in the redox biomarkers in this study show that WB in canine hypothyroidism had a higher number of changes in biomarkers of the redox status than RBCs lysates, making it a promising sample type for the evaluation of the redox status in this disease. In addition, WB is easier and simpler to process than RBCs lysates and unlike serum, it does not have any hemolysis interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- L G González-Arostegui
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - A Muñoz-Prieto
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - G García-López
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - J J Cerón
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - A Tvarijonaviciute
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - C P Rubio
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Mare Nostrum" University of Murcia, Murcia, 30100, Spain.
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Eskandari F, Hedayati M, Tavangar SM, Rezaei F, Khodagholipour A, Razavi SA. From balance to imbalance: disruption of plasma glutathione concentration in micropapillary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid Res 2024; 17:16. [PMID: 38946003 PMCID: PMC11215827 DOI: 10.1186/s13044-024-00204-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the presence of evidence that establishes a strong correlation between oxidative stress and thyroid cancer, there exists a scarcity of research that investigates the specific role of glutathione as an important antioxidant in this particular context. The objective of this study was to assess the altered balance of oxidative stress in cases of thyroid cancer, which includes both papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and micro PTC (mPTC), by examining and comparing the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and GSSG/GSH ratio with those of individuals diagnosed with multinodular goiter (MNG) as well as Healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Plasma samples were collected from 92 patients (23 mPTC, 23 PTC, 23 MNG, 23 Healthy). The levels of TAC, TOS, GSH, and GSSG were measured using a commercial assay kits, and the OSI and GSSG/GSH ratio were calculated for each sample. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the oxidative stress between the groups. RESULTS The plasma levels of TOS were significantly higher in the mPTC, PTC, and MNG groups compared to the Healthy individuals (p < 0.05). The OSI in the mPTC and PTC groups showed a significant increase compared to the Healthy group (p < 0.05). The levels of GSH in mPTC and PTC were markedly lower compared to the Healthy subjects (p < 0.01). Interestingly, the concentration of GSH in mPTC was found to be considerably lower than in PTC and MNG patients (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION These findings indicate that GSH may be a useful biomarker for evaluating oxidative stress and antioxidant system status in patients with PTC, especially mPTC. Low levels of GSH may indicate increased levels of oxidative stress, which may contribute to the development and progression of mPTC to PTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Eskandari
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 23, Shahid Arabi St. Yemen St. Velenjak, PO Box: 1985717413, Tehran, Iran
| | - S Mohammad Tavangar
- Department of Pathology, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Rezaei
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsaneh Khodagholipour
- Department of Anesthesia, Faculty of Paramedical, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - S Adeleh Razavi
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No 23, Shahid Arabi St. Yemen St. Velenjak, PO Box: 1985717413, Tehran, Iran.
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Javakhishvili I, Mardaleishvili K, Mantskava M, Shekiladze E, Tortladz M, Kalmakhelidze S, Sanikidze T. Possible Markers for Distinguishing benign and Malignant Thyroid Tumors and Predicting Malignancy in Patients with Genetic Predisposition to Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2024; 25:465-472. [PMID: 38415532 PMCID: PMC11077121 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2024.25.2.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that mutations in several genes disrupt oxidative metabolism, increasing the risk of developing tumors and their malignancy in patients with a family predisposition to cancer. The purpose of our study was to assess the characteristics of oxidative metabolism in patients with malignant and benign tumor with and without a family history of cancer and identify the marker predicting the likelihood of malignancy. METHODS We conducted a study on patients with thyroid pathology (thyrotoxicosis, benign tumor pathology of the thyroid gland, and thyroid cancer) who underwent treatment at LLC "Oncology Scientific Research Center" in Tbilisi, Georgia between 2020-2021. In patients' blood the thyroid hormones content, the oxidative metabolism parameters (activity of nonenzymatic antioxidant system (TAA), malondialdehyde (MDA) content), geometrical and rheological (deformability index (EDI), membrane proteins content) characteristics of erythrocytes were determined. RESULTS in the patient's blood serum with benign tumor (47 patients) MDA exceeded (p<0.005) and TAA decreased (p<0.005) in comparison to the control level; in patients with thyroid cancer (35 patients), MDA also exceeded (p<0.005), while TAA increased (p<0.005) up to the control level. In patients with benign and malignant tumors, the size of erythrocytes increased compared to the control indicators (p<0.005); in patients with thyroid cancer and benign tumors with a family history of cancer (29 patients) EDI increased (p<0.005), content of GLUT1 in erythrocyte membranes decreased (p<0.005) compared to the control level. CONCLUSIONS Alterations in redox metabolism play a crucial role in tumor formation; an imbalance between anti-/pro-oxidant systems may contribute to tumor formation and support its progression into a more malignant state. Thyroid cancer is characterized by a reduction in erythrocyte deformability, related to TSH levels. These alterations are less detectable in patients with benign thyroid tumors with a family history of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maia Mantskava
- Department of Physics, Biophysics, Biomechanics and Informative Technologies of Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Eka Shekiladze
- Department of Physics, Biophysics, Biomechanics and Informative Technologies of Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | | | - Sophio Kalmakhelidze
- Department of Physics, Biophysics, Biomechanics and Informative Technologies of Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
| | - Tamar Sanikidze
- Department of Physics, Biophysics, Biomechanics and Informative Technologies of Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi, Georgia.
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Macvanin MT, Gluvic Z, Zafirovic S, Gao X, Essack M, Isenovic ER. The protective role of nutritional antioxidants against oxidative stress in thyroid disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1092837. [PMID: 36686463 PMCID: PMC9846570 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1092837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An imbalance between pro-oxidative and antioxidative cellular mechanisms is oxidative stress (OxS) which may be systemic or organ-specific. Although OxS is a consequence of normal body and organ physiology, severely impaired oxidative homeostasis results in DNA hydroxylation, protein denaturation, lipid peroxidation, and apoptosis, ultimately compromising cells' function and viability. The thyroid gland is an organ that exhibits both oxidative and antioxidative processes. In terms of OxS severity, the thyroid gland's response could be physiological (i.e. hormone production and secretion) or pathological (i.e. development of diseases, such as goitre, thyroid cancer, or thyroiditis). Protective nutritional antioxidants may benefit defensive antioxidative systems in resolving pro-oxidative dominance and redox imbalance, preventing or delaying chronic thyroid diseases. This review provides information on nutritional antioxidants and their protective roles against impaired redox homeostasis in various thyroid pathologies. We also review novel findings related to the connection between the thyroid gland and gut microbiome and analyze the effects of probiotics with antioxidant properties on thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana T. Macvanin
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zoran Gluvic
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Zemun Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Zafirovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Xin Gao
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Magbubah Essack
- Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Computer Science Program, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Department of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, VINČA Institute of Nuclear Sciences - National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Wang CL, Gao MZ, Gao XJ, Mu XY, Wang JQ, Gao DM, Qiao MQ. Mechanism Study on Chinese Medicine in Treatment of Nodular Goiter. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 29:566-576. [PMID: 36044118 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nodular goiter has become increasingly prevalent in recent years. Clinically, there has been a burgeoning interest in nodular goiter due to the risk of progression to thyroid cancer. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of Chinese medicine (CM) in nodular goiter. Articles were systematically retrieved from databases, including PubMed, Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. New evidence showed that CM exhibited multi-pathway and multi-target characteristics in the treatment of nodular goiter, involving hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis, oxidative stress, blood rheology, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy, especially inhibition of cell proliferation and promotion of cell apoptosis, involving multiple signal pathways and a variety of cytokines. This review provides a scientific basis for the therapeutic use of CM against nodular goiter. Nonetheless, future studies are warranted to identify more regulatory genes and pathways to provide new approaches for the treatment of nodular goiter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Lin Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.,Research and Innovation Team of Emotional Diseases and Syndromes of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Ming-Zhou Gao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.,Research and Innovation Team of Emotional Diseases and Syndromes of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Xiang-Ju Gao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.,Research and Innovation Team of Emotional Diseases and Syndromes of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Xiang-Yu Mu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.,Research and Innovation Team of Emotional Diseases and Syndromes of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Wang
- Research and Innovation Team of Emotional Diseases and Syndromes of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250355, China.,School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.,Youth Research and Innovation Team of Pharmacology of Liver Viscera in Emotional Disease and Syndromes, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Dong-Mei Gao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.,Research and Innovation Team of Emotional Diseases and Syndromes of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China.,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Ming-Qi Qiao
- School of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China. .,Research and Innovation Team of Emotional Diseases and Syndromes of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China. .,Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Jinan, 250355, China.
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The Influence of Oxidative Stress on Thyroid Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091442. [PMID: 34573074 PMCID: PMC8465820 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid diseases, including neoplasms, autoimmune diseases and thyroid dysfunctions, are becoming a serious social problem with rapidly increasing prevalence. The latter is increasingly linked to oxidative stress. There are many methods for determining the biomarkers of oxidative stress, making it possible to evaluate the oxidative profile in patients with thyroid diseases compared to the healthy population. This opens up a new perspective for investigating the role of elevated parameters of oxidative stress and damage in people with thyroid diseases, especially of neoplastic nature. An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants is observed at different stages and in different types of thyroid diseases. The organ, which is part of the endocrine system, uses free radicals (reactive oxygen species, ROS) to produce hormones. Thyroid cells release enzymes that catalyse ROS generation; therefore, a key role is played by the internal defence system and non-enzymatic antioxidants that counteract excess ROS not utilised to produce thyroid hormones, acting as a buffer to neutralise free radicals and ensure whole-body homeostasis. An excess of free radicals causes structural cell damage, undermining genomic stability. Looking at the negative effects of ROS accumulation, oxidative stress appears to be implicated in both the initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. The aim of this review is to investigate the oxidation background of thyroid diseases and to summarise the links between redox imbalance and thyroid dysfunction and disease.
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