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Lee GY, Yang WI, Jeung HC, Kim SC, Seo MY, Park CH, Chung HC, Rha SY. Genome-wide genetic aberrations of thymoma using cDNA microarray based comparative genomic hybridization. BMC Genomics 2007; 8:305. [PMID: 17764580 PMCID: PMC2082448 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2006] [Accepted: 09/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Thymoma is a heterogeneous group of tumors in biology and clinical behavior. Even though thymoma is divided into five subgroups following the World Health Organization classification, the nature of the disease is mixed within the subgroups. Results We investigated the molecular characteristics of genetic changes variation of thymoma using cDNA microarray based-comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) with a 17 K cDNA microarray in an indirect, sex-matched design. Genomic DNA from the paraffin embedded 39 thymoma tissues (A 6, AB 11, B1 7, B2 7, B3 8) labeled with Cy-3 was co-hybridized with the reference placenta gDNA labeled with Cy-5. Using the CAMVS software, we investigated the deletions on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13 and 18 throughout the thymoma. Then, we evaluated the genetic variations of thymoma based on the subgroups and the clinical behavior. First, the 36 significant genes differentiating five subgroups were selected by Significance Analysis of Microarray. Based on these genes, type AB was suggested to be heterogeneous at the molecular level as well as histologically. Next, we observed that the thymoma was divided into A, B (1, 2) and B3 subgroups with 33 significant genes. In addition, we selected 70 genes differentiating types A and B3, which differ largely in clinical behaviors. Finally, the 11 heterogeneous AB subtypes were able to correctly assign into A and B (1, 2) types based on their genetic characteristics. Conclusion In our study, we observed the genome-wide chromosomal aberrations of thymoma and identified significant gene sets with genetic variations related to thymoma subgroups, which might provide useful information for thymoma pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui Youn Lee
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, National Biochip Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Ick Yang
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hei Cheul Jeung
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, National Biochip Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Chul Kim
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, National Biochip Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Young Seo
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, National Biochip Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Hee Park
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, National Biochip Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Cheol Chung
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, National Biochip Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Rha
- Cancer Metastasis Research Center, National Biochip Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Nicodème F, Geffroy S, Conti M, Delobel B, Soenen V, Grardel N, Porte H, Copin MC, Laï JL, Andrieux J. Familial occurrence of thymoma and autoimmune diseases with the constitutional translocation t(14;20)(q24.1;p12.3). Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2005; 44:154-60. [PMID: 15942943 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymomas are low-grade epithelial cancers of the thymus whose prevalence varies between 0.1/100,000 and 0.4/100,000. Familial occurrence of thymoma is very rare. We studied a family bearing the constitutional chromosome translocation t(14;20)(q24;p12), 3 of whose members had a thymoma. In this family, among 27 patients, 11 had the translocation: 3 had thymoma and 4 others had 5 different autoimmune diseases: type 1 diabetes mellitus, Graves' disease, pernicious anemia, primitive Sjögren disease, and autoimmune pancytopenia. FISH studies allowed us to be more specific about the translocation breakpoints. The 14q24 breakpoint was in intron 5 of RAD51L1, and the 20p12 breakpoint was 100 kb telomeric to BMP2. RAD51L1 is a tumor-suppressor gene belonging to the RAD51 family, already implicated in many tumors (uterine leiomyomas, pseudo-Meigs syndromes, pulmonary chondroid hamartomas) and involved in recombinational repair of DNA double-strand breaks. BMP2 belongs to the TGFbeta superfamily, and the BMP2-BMP4 genes are involved in thymocyte differentiation by blocking progression from CD4-CD8- to CD4+CD8+ while maintaining a sufficient pool of immature precursors. Dysregulation of RAD51L1 and/or BMP2 may explain this familial occurrence of thymomas and autoimmune diseases. Using QRT-PCR, we studied the expression of BMP2 in 20 sporadic thymomas and found various levels of expression that may be associated with autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Nicodème
- Laboratoire de Génétique Médicale, Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre, CHRU, Lille, France
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Herens C, Radermecker M, Servais A, Quatresooz P, Jardon-Jeghers C, Bours V, de Leval L. Deletion (6)(p22p25) is a recurrent anomaly of thymoma: report of a second case and review of the literature. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003; 146:66-9. [PMID: 14499698 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(03)00098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A patient with type AB thymoma and del(6)(p22p25) as the sole cytogenetic anomaly is described. This is the second report of a del(6)(p22p25) in a thymoma. The same deletion was previously found in association with a type A thymoma. Both patients presented with benign tumors. These data suggest that partial deletion of the short arm of chromosome 6 is a nonrandom change associated with benign thymomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Herens
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Liège, Tour de Pathologie, B23 Sart Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium.
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Toretsky JA, Jenson J, Sun CC, Eskenazi AE, Campbell A, Hunger SP, Caires A, Frantz C, Hill JL, Stamberg J. Translocation (11;15;19): a highly specific chromosome rearrangement associated with poorly differentiated thymic carcinoma in young patients. Am J Clin Oncol 2003; 26:300-6. [PMID: 12796605 DOI: 10.1097/01.coc.0000020960.98562.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Thymic carcinoma is a rare epithelial neoplasm of the thymus. The presence of a specific chromosomal abnormality may augment diagnosis and therapeutic stratification. We report a 15-year-old boy diagnosed with thymic carcinoma who presented with a large anterior mediastinal mass, pleural effusion, and bone metastasis. The pleural fluid, cytology, bony lesions, and bone marrow were examined and chromosomal studies were performed. Histologic and immunohistochemical studies confirmed a poorly differentiated squamous cell type of thymic carcinoma. The karyotype of the pleural fluid at the time of diagnosis revealed a complex three-way translocation t(11;15;19)(p15;q12;p13.3). The constitutional karyotype was 46,XY. Five months after diagnosis, a bone marrow aspirate demonstrated tetraploidy with all translocation chromosomes in duplicate, as well as an unbalanced rearrangement involving chromosome 1: 92,XXYY,t(11;15;19)(p15;q12;p13.3)x2[15]/92,XXYY,idem,add(1)(qter)[5]. Despite aggressive multiagent chemotherapy, the patient's condition progressed with bone marrow disease and he died 6 months after diagnosis. Several case reports of a similar chromosomal abnormality have been reported for thymic carcinoma in young patients with poor outcome. This karyotypic abnormality appears to mark a cohort of patients with thymic carcinoma who have a poor prognosis despite aggressive chemotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/pathology
- Bone Neoplasms/secondary
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19
- Cytogenetic Analysis
- Fatal Outcome
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Karyotyping
- Male
- Thymus Neoplasms/genetics
- Thymus Neoplasms/pathology
- Translocation, Genetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Toretsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Inoue M, Marx A, Zettl A, Ströbel P, Müller-Hermelink HK, Starostik P. Chromosome 6 suffers frequent and multiple aberrations in thymoma. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2002; 161:1507-13. [PMID: 12368223 PMCID: PMC1867301 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64426-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Thymoma is the most frequent tumor arising in human thymus. In this study, we performed a detailed mapping of deleted regions on chromosome 6 shown previously to harbor the most frequent genetic aberrations in this cancer. We analyzed 40 thymomas using 41 microsatellites. Two hundred ninety-four (23.5%) of 1253 informative genotypes showed loss of heterozygosity (LOH), only 39 (2.4%) were positive for microsatellite instability (MSI). Genetic aberrations on chromosome 6 were found in 31 of 40 cases (77.5%) in five hot spots. The most frequent LOHs (48.6%) occurred in region 6q25.2 within a 0.7-Mb interval flanked by markers D6S441 and D6S290. Another hot spot showing LOH in 32.4% of tumors was located between markers D6S442 and D6S1708 (0.4 Mb apart) on 6q25.2-25.3, just 1.1 Mb from the D6S441-D6S290 deletions. The third hot spot (30%) showing LOH appeared in region 6p21.31 including the MHC locus (markers D6S1666-D6S1560, 1 Mb apart). The fourth hot spot (26.3%) was detected on 6q14.1-14.3 (D6S1596-D6S284, 5.2 Mb apart). Some tumors (21.6%) showed LOHs within a fifth hot spot on 6q21 (D6S447-D6S1592, 0.3 Mb apart). Thus, several tumor suppressor genes on chromosome 6 seem to be involved in the pathogenesis of thymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Inoue
- Institute of Pathology, Würzburg University, Würzburg, Germany
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Van den Berghe I, Debiec-Rychter M, Proot L, Hagemeijer A, Michielssen P. Ring chromosome 6 may represent a cytogenetic subgroup in benign thymoma. CANCER GENETICS AND CYTOGENETICS 2002; 137:75-7. [PMID: 12377419 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-4608(02)00551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenetic and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of a thymoma revealed the presence of an abnormal clone with a karyotype 46,XY,r(6)(p2?q35?).ish r(6)(p2?q35?)(WCP6+,dJ476O18-,dJ62I11-, PAC59C23+,PAC57H24-),der(21)t(6;21)(p25;q22)(dJ62I11+,cosC9a1-). Histologically, the tumor was encapsulated and classified as thymoma type AB (World Health Organization classification) or mixed thymoma (Muller-Hermelink classification), composed of well-formed lobules with sharp demarcation of both the spindly type A and lymphocyte-rich type B components. This finding, together with literature data, strongly suggests that terminal deletion of the short arm of chromosome 6 is a recurrent aberration in thymoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Van den Berghe
- AZ. St. Jan, Department of Pathology, Ruddershove 10, 8000, Bruges, Belgium.
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