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Abstract
Members of Venturiales (Dothideomycetes) are widely distributed, and comprise saprobes, as well as plant, human and animal pathogens. In spite of their economic importance, the general lack of cultures and DNA data has resulted in taxa being poorly resolved. In the present study five loci, ITS, LSU rDNA, tef1, tub2 and rpb2 are used for analysing 115 venturialean taxa representing 30 genera in three families in the current classification of Venturiales. Based on the multigene phylogenetic analysis, morphological and ecological characteristics, one new family, Cylindrosympodiaceae, and eight new genera are described, namely Bellamyces, Fagicola, Fraxinicola, Fuscohilum,Neofusicladium, Parafusicladium, Pinaceicola and Sterila. In addition, 12 species are described as new to science, and 41 new combinations are proposed. The taxonomic status of 153 species have been re-evaluated with 20 species excluded from Venturiales. Based on this revision of Venturiales, morphological characteristics such as conidial arrangement (solitary or in chains) or conidiogenesis (blastic-solitary, sympodial or annellidic), proved to be significant at generic level. Venturia as currently defined represents a generic complex. Furthermore, plant pathogens appear more terminal in phylogenetic analyses within Venturiaceae and Sympoventuriaceae, suggesting that the ancestral state of Venturiales is most likely saprobic.
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Key Words
- Bellamyces Crous, Coppins & U. Braun
- Bellamyces quercus Crous, Coppins & U. Braun
- Cylindrosympodiaceae Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Fagicola Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Fagicola fagi (Crous & de Hoog) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Fraxinicola Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Fraxinicola europaea Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Fraxinicola fraxini (Aderh.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Fraxinicola italica Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Fraxinicola orni (M. Ibrahim et al.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Fuscohil`um Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Fuscohilum Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Fuscohilum rhodensis (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter, Fuscohilum siciliana (Koukol) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Multigene analysis
- Neocoleroa cameroonensis Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Neofusicladium Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Neofusicladium eucalypti (Crous & R.G. Shivas) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Neofusicladium eucalypticola (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Neofusicladium regnans (Crous) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- New taxa
- Niesslia iridicola (M.E. Barr) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Niesslia parasitica (Ellis & Everh.) M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Niesslia vaccinii (Ellis & Everh.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Parafusicladium Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Parafusicladium amoenum (R.F. Castañeda & Dugan) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Parafusicladium intermedium (Crous & W.B. Kendr.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Parafusicladium paraamoenum (Crous et al.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Pinaceicola Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Pinaceicola cordae (Koukol) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Pinaceicola pini(Crous & de Hoog) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Pseudosigmoidea excentrica (R.F. Castañeda et al.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Scab disease
- Scolecobasidium aquaticum (Samerp. et al.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Scolecobasidium atlanticuum (A.M. Wellman) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Scolecobasidium bacilliforme (Samerp. et al.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Scolecobasidium capsici (Crous & Cheew.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Scolecobasidium cordanae (Samerp. et al.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Scolecobasidium dracaenae (Crous) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Scolecobasidium globale (Samerp. et al.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Scolecobasidium icarus (Samerp. et al.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Scolecobasidium macrozamiae (Crous & R.G. Shivas) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Scolecobasidium minimum (Fassat.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Scolecobasidium musicola (Crous) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Scolecobasidium olivaceum (A. Giraldo et al.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Scolecobasidium pandanicola (Crous & M.J. Wingf.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Scolecobasidium phaeophorum (Samerp. et al.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Scolecobasidium podocarpi (Crous) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Scolecobasidium ramosum (A. Giraldo et al.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Scolecobasidium robustum (Samerp. et al.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Scolecobasidium sexuale (Samerp. et al.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Scolecobasidium verrucosum (Zachariah et al.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Sterila Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Sterila eucalypti Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Sympoventuria africana (Crous) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Systematics
- Tyrannosorus hanlinianus (U. Braun & Feiler) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Tyrannosorus hystrioides (Dugan et al.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Tyrannosorus lichenicola Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Tyrannosorus pini-sylvestris Crous & R.K. Schumach.
- Venturia
- Venturia albae Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Venturia australiana Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Venturia caesiae Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Venturia finlandica Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Venturia peltigericola (Crous & Diederich) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Venturia quebecensis Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
- Verruconis terricola (J. Ren et al.) Crous, M. Shen & Y. Zhang ter
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shen
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, P.O. Box 61, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - J Q Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, P.O. Box 61, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - L L Zhao
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, P.O. Box 61, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - J Z Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Y Zhang
- School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, P.O. Box 61, Beijing, 100083, PR China
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Karlsson E, Johansson AM, Ahlinder J, Lundkvist MJ, Singh NJ, Brodin T, Forsman M, Stenberg P. Airborne microbial biodiversity and seasonality in Northern and Southern Sweden. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8424. [PMID: 32025374 PMCID: PMC6991134 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms are essential constituents of ecosystems. To improve our understanding of how various factors shape microbial diversity and composition in nature it is important to study how microorganisms vary in space and time. Factors shaping microbial communities in ground level air have been surveyed in a limited number of studies, indicating that geographic location, season and local climate influence the microbial communities. However, few have surveyed more than one location, at high latitude or continuously over more than a year. We surveyed the airborne microbial communities over two full consecutive years in Kiruna, in the Arctic boreal zone, and Ljungbyhed, in the Southern nemoral zone of Sweden, by using a unique collection of archived air filters. We mapped both geographic and seasonal differences in bacterial and fungal communities and evaluated environmental factors that may contribute to these differences and found that location, season and weather influence the airborne communities. Location had stronger influence on the bacterial community composition compared to season, while location and season had equal influence on the fungal community composition. However, the airborne bacterial and fungal diversity showed overall the same trend over the seasons, regardless of location, with a peak during the warmer parts of the year, except for the fungal seasonal trend in Ljungbyhed, which fluctuated more within season. Interestingly, the diversity and evenness of the airborne communities were generally lower in Ljungbyhed. In addition, both bacterial and fungal communities varied significantly within and between locations, where orders like Rhizobiales, Rhodospirillales and Agaricales dominated in Kiruna, whereas Bacillales, Clostridiales and Sordariales dominated in Ljungbyhed. These differences are a likely reflection of the landscape surrounding the sampling sites where the landscape in Ljungbyhed is more homogenous and predominantly characterized by artificial and agricultural surroundings. Our results further indicate that local landscape, as well as seasonal variation, shapes microbial communities in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Karlsson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Biological Agents, Division of CBRN Defense and Security, Swedish Defense Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Jon Ahlinder
- Department of Biological Agents, Division of CBRN Defense and Security, Swedish Defense Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Moa J Lundkvist
- Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Navinder J Singh
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tomas Brodin
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats Forsman
- Department of Biological Agents, Division of CBRN Defense and Security, Swedish Defense Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Per Stenberg
- Department of Biological Agents, Division of CBRN Defense and Security, Swedish Defense Research Agency, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Marin-Felix Y, Groenewald J, Cai L, Chen Q, Marincowitz S, Barnes I, Bensch K, Braun U, Camporesi E, Damm U, de Beer Z, Dissanayake A, Edwards J, Giraldo A, Hernández-Restrepo M, Hyde K, Jayawardena R, Lombard L, Luangsa-ard J, McTaggart A, Rossman A, Sandoval-Denis M, Shen M, Shivas R, Tan Y, van der Linde E, Wingfield M, Wood A, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Crous P. Genera of phytopathogenic fungi: GOPHY 1. Stud Mycol 2017; 86:99-216. [PMID: 28663602 PMCID: PMC5486355 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Genera of Phytopathogenic Fungi (GOPHY) is introduced as a new series of publications in order to provide a stable platform for the taxonomy of phytopathogenic fungi. This first paper focuses on 21 genera of phytopathogenic fungi: Bipolaris, Boeremia, Calonectria, Ceratocystis, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum, Coniella, Curvularia, Monilinia, Neofabraea, Neofusicoccum, Pilidium, Pleiochaeta, Plenodomus, Protostegia, Pseudopyricularia, Puccinia, Saccharata, Thyrostroma, Venturia and Wilsonomyces. For each genus, a morphological description and information about its pathology, distribution, hosts and disease symptoms are provided. In addition, this information is linked to primary and secondary DNA barcodes of the presently accepted species, and relevant literature. Moreover, several novelties are introduced, i.e. new genera, species and combinations, and neo-, lecto- and epitypes designated to provide a stable taxonomy. This first paper includes one new genus, 26 new species, ten new combinations, and four typifications of older names.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Marin-Felix
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - J.Z. Groenewald
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - L. Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - Q. Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China
| | - S. Marincowitz
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - I. Barnes
- Department of Genetics, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - K. Bensch
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Botanische Staatssammlung München, Menzinger Straße 67, D-80638 München, Germany
| | - U. Braun
- Martin-Luther-Universität, Institut für Biologie, Bereich Geobotanik und Botanischer Garten, Herbarium, Neuwerk 21, D-06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - E. Camporesi
- A.M.B. Gruppo Micologico Forlivese “Antonio Cicognani”, Via Roma 18, Forlì, Italy
- A.M.B. Circolo Micologico “Giovanni Carini”, C.P. 314, Brescia, Italy
- Società per gli Studi Naturalistici della Romagna, C.P. 144, Bagnacavallo (RA), Italy
| | - U. Damm
- Senckenberg Museum of Natural History Görlitz, PF 300 154, 02806 Görlitz, Germany
| | - Z.W. de Beer
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A. Dissanayake
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, PR China
| | - J. Edwards
- AgriBio Centre for AgriBiosciences, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, 5 Ring Road, LaTrobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - A. Giraldo
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M. Hernández-Restrepo
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - K.D. Hyde
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - R.S. Jayawardena
- Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
- Institute of Plant and Environment Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, PR China
| | - L. Lombard
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J. Luangsa-ard
- Microbe Interaction and Ecology Laboratory, Biodiversity and Biotechnological Resource Research Unit (BBR), BIOTEC, NSTDA 113 Thailand Science Park Phahonyothin Rd., Khlong Nueng, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - A.R. McTaggart
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A.Y. Rossman
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - M. Sandoval-Denis
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - M. Shen
- Institute of Microbiology, P.O. Box 61, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - R.G. Shivas
- Centre for Crop Health, Institute for Agriculture and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba 4350, Queensland, Australia
| | - Y.P. Tan
- Department of Agriculture & Fisheries, Biosecurity Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, Queensland 4102, Australia
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E.J. van der Linde
- ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, Biosystematics Division – Mycology, P. Bag X134, Queenswood 0121, South Africa
| | - M.J. Wingfield
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A.R. Wood
- ARC – Plant Protection Research Institute, P. Bag X5017, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa
| | - J.Q. Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, P.O. Box 61, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - Y. Zhang
- Institute of Microbiology, P.O. Box 61, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - P.W. Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, P.O. Box 85167, 3508 AD Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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