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Huang Y, Hsu JC, Koo H, Cormode DP. Repurposing ferumoxytol: Diagnostic and therapeutic applications of an FDA-approved nanoparticle. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:796-816. [PMID: 34976214 PMCID: PMC8692919 DOI: 10.7150/thno.67375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferumoxytol is an intravenous iron oxide nanoparticle formulation that has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease. In recent years, ferumoxytol has also been demonstrated to have potential for many additional biomedical applications due to its excellent inherent physical properties, such as superparamagnetism, biocatalytic activity, and immunomodulatory behavior. With good safety and clearance profiles, ferumoxytol has been extensively utilized in both preclinical and clinical studies. Here, we first introduce the medical needs and the value of current iron oxide nanoparticle formulations in the market. We then focus on ferumoxytol nanoparticles and their physicochemical, diagnostic, and therapeutic properties. We include examples describing their use in various biomedical applications, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), multimodality imaging, iron deficiency treatment, immunotherapy, microbial biofilm treatment and drug delivery. Finally, we provide a brief conclusion and offer our perspectives on the current limitations and emerging applications of ferumoxytol in biomedicine. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the developments of ferumoxytol as an agent with diagnostic, therapeutic, and theranostic functionalities.
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Pezhouman A, Nguyen NB, Sercel AJ, Nguyen TL, Daraei A, Sabri S, Chapski DJ, Zheng M, Patananan AN, Ernst J, Plath K, Vondriska TM, Teitell MA, Ardehali R. Transcriptional, Electrophysiological, and Metabolic Characterizations of hESC-Derived First and Second Heart Fields Demonstrate a Potential Role of TBX5 in Cardiomyocyte Maturation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:787684. [PMID: 34988079 PMCID: PMC8722677 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.787684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hESC-CMs) can be used as a source for cell delivery to remuscularize the heart after myocardial infarction. Despite their therapeutic potential, the emergence of ventricular arrhythmias has limited their application. We previously developed a double reporter hESC line to isolate first heart field (FHF: TBX5+NKX2-5+) and second heart field (SHF: TBX5-NKX2-5+) CMs. Herein, we explore the role of TBX5 and its effects on underlying gene regulatory networks driving phenotypical and functional differences between these two populations. Methods: We used a combination of tools and techniques for rapid and unsupervised profiling of FHF and SHF populations at the transcriptional, translational, and functional level including single cell RNA (scRNA) and bulk RNA sequencing, atomic force and quantitative phase microscopy, respirometry, and electrophysiology. Results: Gene ontology analysis revealed three biological processes attributed to TBX5 expression: sarcomeric structure, oxidative phosphorylation, and calcium ion handling. Interestingly, migratory pathways were enriched in SHF population. SHF-like CMs display less sarcomeric organization compared to FHF-like CMs, despite prolonged in vitro culture. Atomic force and quantitative phase microscopy showed increased cellular stiffness and decreased mass distribution over time in FHF compared to SHF populations, respectively. Electrophysiological studies showed longer plateau in action potentials recorded from FHF-like CMs, consistent with their increased expression of calcium handling genes. Interestingly, both populations showed nearly identical respiratory profiles with the only significant functional difference being higher ATP generation-linked oxygen consumption rate in FHF-like CMs. Our findings suggest that FHF-like CMs display more mature features given their enhanced sarcomeric alignment, calcium handling, and decreased migratory characteristics. Finally, pseudotime analyses revealed a closer association of the FHF population to human fetal CMs along the developmental trajectory. Conclusion: Our studies reveal that distinguishing FHF and SHF populations based on TBX5 expression leads to a significant impact on their downstream functional properties. FHF CMs display more mature characteristics such as enhanced sarcomeric organization and improved calcium handling, with closer positioning along the differentiation trajectory to human fetal hearts. These data suggest that the FHF CMs may be a more suitable candidate for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Pezhouman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ngoc B. Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexander J. Sercel
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Doctoral Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Thang L. Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ali Daraei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Shan Sabri
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Douglas J. Chapski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Melton Zheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alexander N. Patananan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jason Ernst
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kathrin Plath
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Thomas M. Vondriska
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Michael A. Teitell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Reza Ardehali,
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Friedrich RP, Cicha I, Alexiou C. Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092337. [PMID: 34578651 PMCID: PMC8466586 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many promising nanotechnological approaches to biomedical research have been developed in order to increase implementation of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering in clinical practice. In the meantime, the use of nanomaterials for the regeneration of diseased or injured tissues is considered advantageous in most areas of medicine. In particular, for the treatment of cardiovascular, osteochondral and neurological defects, but also for the recovery of functions of other organs such as kidney, liver, pancreas, bladder, urethra and for wound healing, nanomaterials are increasingly being developed that serve as scaffolds, mimic the extracellular matrix and promote adhesion or differentiation of cells. This review focuses on the latest developments in regenerative medicine, in which iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) play a crucial role for tissue engineering and cell therapy. IONPs are not only enabling the use of non-invasive observation methods to monitor the therapy, but can also accelerate and enhance regeneration, either thanks to their inherent magnetic properties or by functionalization with bioactive or therapeutic compounds, such as drugs, enzymes and growth factors. In addition, the presence of magnetic fields can direct IONP-labeled cells specifically to the site of action or induce cell differentiation into a specific cell type through mechanotransduction.
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Sun J, Huang J, Bao G, Zheng H, Wang C, Wei J, Fu Y, Qiu J, Liao Y, Cai J. MRI detection of the malignant transformation of stem cells through reporter gene expression driven by a tumor-specific promoter. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:284. [PMID: 33980305 PMCID: PMC8117323 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Existing evidence has shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can undergo malignant transformation, which is a serious limitation of MSC-based therapies. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor malignant transformation of MSCs via a noninvasive imaging method. Although reporter gene-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been successfully applied to longitudinally monitor MSCs, this technique cannot distinguish the cells before and after malignant transformation. Herein, we investigated the feasibility of using a tumor-specific promoter to drive reporter gene expression for MRI detection of the malignant transformation of MSCs. Methods The reporter gene ferritin heavy chain (FTH1) was modified by adding a promoter from the tumor-specific gene progression elevated gene-3 (PEG3) and transduced into MSCs to obtain MSCs-PEG3-FTH1. Cells were induced to undergo malignant transformation via indirect coculture with C6 glioma cells, and these transformed cells were named MTMSCs-PEG3-FTH1. Western blot analysis of FTH1 expression, Prussian blue staining and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to detect intracellular iron, and MRI to detect signal changes were performed before and after malignant transformation. Then, the cells before and after malignant transformation were inoculated subcutaneously into nude mice, and MRI was performed to observe the signal changes in the xenografts. Results After induction of malignant transformation, MTMSCs demonstrated tumor-like features in morphology, proliferation, migration, and invasion. FTH1 expression was significantly increased in MTMSCs-PEG3-FTH1 compared with MSCs-PEG3-FTH1. Prussian blue staining and TEM showed a large amount of iron particles in MTMSCs-PEG3-FTH1 but a minimal amount in MSCs-PEG3-FTH1. MRI demonstrated that the T2 value was significantly decreased in MTMSCs-PEG3-FTH1 compared with MSCs-PEG3-FTH1. In vivo, mass formation was observed in the MTMSCs-PEG3-FTH1 group but not the MSCs-PEG3-FTH1 group. T2-weighted MRI showed a significant signal decrease, which was correlated with iron accumulation in the tissue mass. Conclusions We developed a novel MRI model based on FTH1 reporter gene expression driven by the tumor-specific PEG3 promoter. This approach could be applied to sensitively detect the occurrence of MSC malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Sun
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Department of Radiology, Chongqing University Central Hospital, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Guangcheng Bao
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Helin Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jie Wei
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yuanqiao Fu
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Jiawen Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, China.,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Yifan Liao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital affiliated with Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Jinhua Cai
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing, 400014, China. .,Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing, 400014, China.
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Liu C, Han D, Liang P, Li Y, Cao F. The Current Dilemma and Breakthrough of Stem Cell Therapy in Ischemic Heart Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:636136. [PMID: 33968924 PMCID: PMC8100527 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.636136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Stem cell transplantation has become a promising approach for the treatment of IHD in recent decades. It is generally recognized that preclinical cell-based therapy is effective and have yielded encouraging results, which involves preventing or reducing myocardial cell death, inhibiting scar formation, promoting angiogenesis, and improving cardiac function. However, clinical studies have not yet achieved a desired outcome, even multiple clinical studies showing paradoxical results. Besides, many fundamental puzzles remain to be resolved, for example, what is the optimal delivery timing and approach? Additionally, limited cell engraftment and survival, challenging cell fate monitoring, and not fully understood functional mechanisms are defined hurdles to clinical translation. Here we review some of the current dilemmas in stem cell-based therapy for IHD, along with our efforts and opinions on these key issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbin Liu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
- The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Han
- The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Interventional Ultrasond, The Fifth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Cao
- The Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Beijing, China
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6
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Chandy M, Wu JC. Molecular Imaging of Stem Cell Therapy in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. Mol Imaging 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-816386-3.00065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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7
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Sun Y, Lu Y, Yin L, Liu Z. The Roles of Nanoparticles in Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:947. [PMID: 32923434 PMCID: PMC7457042 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently one of the primary causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Nanoparticles (NPs) are playing increasingly important roles in regulating stem cell behavior because of their special features, including shape, size, aspect ratio, surface charge, and surface area. In terms of cardiac disease, NPs can facilitate gene delivery in stem cells, track the stem cells in vivo for long-term monitoring, and enhance retention after their transplantation. The advantages of applying NPs in peripheral vascular disease treatments include facilitating stem cell therapy, mimicking the extracellular matrix environment, and utilizing a safe non-viral gene delivery tool. However, the main limitation of NPs is toxicity, which is related to their size, shape, aspect ratio, and surface charge. Currently, there have been many animal models proving NPs’ potential in treating CVD, but no extensive applications of stem-cell therapy using NPs are available in clinical practice. In conclusion, NPs might have significant potential uses in clinical trials of CVD in the future, thereby meeting the changing needs of individual patients worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Sun
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuexin Lu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Yin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjie Liu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Suciu M, Ionescu CM, Ciorita A, Tripon SC, Nica D, Al-Salami H, Barbu-Tudoran L. Applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in drug and therapeutic delivery, and biotechnological advancements. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 11:1092-1109. [PMID: 32802712 PMCID: PMC7404288 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.11.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have unique properties with regard to biological and medical applications. SPIONs have been used in clinical settings although their safety of use remains unclear due to the great differences in their structure and in intra- and inter-patient absorption and response. This review addresses potential applications of SPIONs in vitro (formulations), ex vivo (in biological cells and tissues) and in vivo (preclinical animal models), as well as potential biomedical applications in the context of drug targeting, disease treatment and therapeutic efficacy, and safety studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Suciu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Biology and Geology Faculty, Babes-Bolyai University, 5–7 Clinicilor Str., Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, 400006, Romania
- Electron Microscopy Integrated Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath Str., Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, 400293, Romania
| | - Corina M Ionescu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Biology and Geology Faculty, Babes-Bolyai University, 5–7 Clinicilor Str., Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, 400006, Romania
| | - Alexandra Ciorita
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Biology and Geology Faculty, Babes-Bolyai University, 5–7 Clinicilor Str., Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, 400006, Romania
- Electron Microscopy Integrated Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath Str., Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, 400293, Romania
| | - Septimiu C Tripon
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Biology and Geology Faculty, Babes-Bolyai University, 5–7 Clinicilor Str., Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, 400006, Romania
- Electron Microscopy Integrated Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath Str., Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, 400293, Romania
| | - Dragos Nica
- Functional Sciences Department, Medical Faculty, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Victor Babes”, 2 Eftimie Murgu, Timisoara, Timis County, 300041, Romania
| | - Hani Al-Salami
- Biotechnology and Drug Development Research Laboratory, the School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth Western Australia 6845, Australia
| | - Lucian Barbu-Tudoran
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Biology and Geology Faculty, Babes-Bolyai University, 5–7 Clinicilor Str., Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, 400006, Romania
- Electron Microscopy Integrated Laboratory, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath Str., Cluj-Napoca, Cluj County, 400293, Romania
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Abstract
Regenerative medicine with the use of stem cells has appeared as a potential therapeutic alternative for many disease states. Despite initial enthusiasm, there has been relatively slow transition to clinical trials. In large part, numerous questions remain regarding the viability, biology and efficacy of transplanted stem cells in the living subject. The critical issues highlighted the importance of developing tools to assess these questions. Advances in molecular biology and imaging have allowed the successful non-invasive monitoring of transplanted stem cells in the living subject. Over the years these methodologies have been updated to assess not only the viability but also the biology of transplanted stem cells. In this review, different imaging strategies to study the viability and biology of transplanted stem cells are presented. Use of these strategies will be critical as the different regenerative therapies are being tested for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhar Abbas
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sanjiv Sam Gambhir
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Bio-Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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10
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Bose RJC, Mattrey RF. Accomplishments and challenges in stem cell imaging in vivo. Drug Discov Today 2018; 24:492-504. [PMID: 30342245 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell therapies have demonstrated promising preclinical results, but very few applications have reached the clinic owing to safety and efficacy concerns. Translation would benefit greatly if stem cell survival, distribution and function could be assessed in vivo post-transplantation, particularly in patients. Advances in molecular imaging have led to extraordinary progress, with several strategies being deployed to understand the fate of stem cells in vivo using magnetic resonance, scintigraphy, PET, ultrasound and optical imaging. Here, we review the recent advances, challenges and future perspectives and opportunities in stem cell tracking and functional assessment, as well as the advantages and challenges of each imaging approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran J C Bose
- Department of Radiology and Advanced Imaging Research Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8514, USA; Current affiliation: Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS) and the Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5427, USA
| | - Robert F Mattrey
- Department of Radiology and Advanced Imaging Research Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8514, USA.
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Abstract
Despite preliminary confidence on biosafety of polymer coated iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), toxicity concerns have hampered their clinical translation. SPIONs toxicity is known to be due to catalytic activity of their surface and release of toxic Fe ions originating from the core biodegradation, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we hypothesized that a double-layer polymeric corona comprising of dextran as an interior, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as an exterior layer better shields the core SPIONs. We found that ROS generation was cell specific and depended on SPIONs concentration, although it was reduced by sufficient PEG immobilization or 100 µM deferoxamine. 24 h following injection, PEGylated samples showed reduction of biodistribution in liver, heterogenous biodistribution profile in spleen, and no influence on NPs blood retention. Sufficient surface masking or administration of deferoxamine could be beneficial strategies in designing and clinical translation of future biomedical SPIONs.
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12
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Mohanty S, Jain KG, Nandy SB, Kakkar A, Kumar M, Dinda AK, Singh H, Ray A. Iron oxide labeling does not affect differentiation potential of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exhibited by their differentiation into cardiac and neuronal cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 448:17-26. [PMID: 29450799 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising outcomes in cardiac and neuronal diseases. Efficient and noninvasive tracking of MSCs is essential to harness their therapeutic potential. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have emerged as effective means to label stem cells and visualize them using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It is known that IONPs do not affect viability and cell proliferation of stem cells. However, very few studies have demonstrated differentiation potential of iron oxide-labeled MSCs and their differentiation into specific lineages that can contribute to cellular therapies. The differentiation of IONP-labeled human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) into cardiac and neuronal lineages has never been studied. In this study, we have shown that IONP-labeled hBM-MSCs retain their differentiation potential to cardiac and neuronal cell lineages. We also confirmed that labeling hBM-MSCs with IONP does not affect their characteristic properties such as viability, cellular proliferation rate, surface marker profiling, and trilineage differentiation capacity. This study shows that IONP can be efficiently tracked, and its labeling does not alter stemness and differentiation potential of hBM-MSCs. Thus, the labeled hBM-MSCs can be used in clinical therapies and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.
| | - Krishan Gopal Jain
- Stem Cell Facility, Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Sushmita Bose Nandy
- Stem Cell Facility, Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, AIIMS, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Northern New Mexico College, Espanola, NM, USA
| | - Anupama Kakkar
- Stem Cell Facility, Center of Excellence for Stem Cell Research, AIIMS, New Delhi, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Harpal Singh
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Alok Ray
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Gu L, Li X, Jiang J, Guo G, Wu H, Wu M, Zhu H. Stem cell tracking using effective self-assembled peptide-modified superparamagnetic nanoparticles. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:15967-15979. [PMID: 29916501 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr07618e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Peptide modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been developed as excellent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents for stem cell labeling and tracking due to their biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)
- Department of Radiology
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
| | - Xue Li
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Jing Jiang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)
- Department of Radiology
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
| | - Gang Guo
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
| | - Haoxing Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)
- Department of Radiology
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
| | - Min Wu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC)
- Department of Radiology
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy
- West China Hospital
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu
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Mavrogeni SI, Markousis-Mavrogenis G, Kolovou G. Ferumoxytol in acute myocarditis: ‘keep your head in the clouds and your feet on the earth’. Heart 2017; 104:278-279. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-312004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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15
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Jasmin, de Souza GT, Louzada RA, Rosado-de-Castro PH, Mendez-Otero R, Campos de Carvalho AC. Tracking stem cells with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles: perspectives and considerations. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:779-793. [PMID: 28182122 PMCID: PMC5279820 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s126530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been used for diagnoses in biomedical applications, due to their unique properties and their apparent safety for humans. In general, SPIONs do not seem to produce cell damage, although their long-term in vivo effects continue to be investigated. The possibility of efficiently labeling cells with these magnetic nanoparticles has stimulated their use to noninvasively track cells by magnetic resonance imaging after transplantation. SPIONs are attracting increasing attention and are one of the preferred methods for cell labeling and tracking in preclinical and clinical studies. For clinical protocol approval of magnetic-labeled cell tracking, it is essential to expand our knowledge of the time course of SPIONs after cell incorporation and transplantation. This review focuses on the recent advances in tracking SPION-labeled stem cells, analyzing the possibilities and limitations of their use, not only focusing on myocardial infarction but also discussing other models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin
- NUMPEX-Bio, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Duque de Caxias, RJ
- Correspondence: Jasmin, Estrada de Xerém, 27, NUMPEX-Bio – UFRJ, Xerém, Duque de Caxias, RJ, 25245-390, Brazil, Tel +55 21 2679 1018, Email
| | - Gustavo Torres de Souza
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, MG
- Laboratory of Genetics, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ruy Andrade Louzada
- Institute Gustave-Roussy of Oncology, Paris-Sud University, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Rosalia Mendez-Otero
- Institute Carlos Chagas Filho of Biophysics, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Zheng Y, Qin J, Wang X, Peng Z, Hou P, Lu X. Dynamic imaging of allogeneic adipose-derived regenerative cells transplanted in ischemic hind limb of apolipoprotein E mouse model. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 12:61-71. [PMID: 28053524 PMCID: PMC5191626 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s118328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transplantation of allogeneic adipose-derived regenerative cells (ADRCs) is a promising treatment modality for severe ischemic diseases. However, minimal information is available on the in vivo effects, fate, and migration of ADRCs, as well as the mechanisms of their therapeutic angiogenesis. Materials and methods In this study, green fluorescent protein-expressing ADRCs (GFP-ADRCs) were obtained, labeled with acetylated 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTS)-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (APTS NPs), and injected into an old apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE-KO) mouse model with hind limb ischemia. Then, 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed to dynamically trace the role of ADRCs targeting hind limb ischemia in the ApoE-KO mice model. Results Labeled cells were visualized as large hypointense spots in ischemic muscles by serial 3.0 T MRI scans during a 4-week follow-up. The presence of labeled GFP-ADRCs was confirmed by Prussian blue staining and fluorescence microscopy on postmortem specimens. Conclusion This study showed that allogeneic ADRCs offer great potential application for therapeutic angiogenesis in severe ischemic disease based on the efficacy and feasibility of ADRC transplantation and on the available amounts of tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi
| | - Jinbao Qin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University
| | - Zhiyou Peng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University
| | - Peiyong Hou
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi
| | - Xinwu Lu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai JiaoTong University; Vascular Center of Shanghai JiaoTong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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