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Echeverri GJ, Caicedo LA, Delgado A, Thomas LS, Garcia VH, Gomez C, Aristizabal AM, Arrunátegui AM, Rosso F. Aspergillus hepatic artery thrombosis in liver transplantation. Med Mycol Case Rep 2018; 22:27-29. [PMID: 30101055 PMCID: PMC6083899 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the first cirrhotic patient who underwent liver transplantation (LT) and presented a hepatic artery thrombosis of the graft due to Aspergillus fumigatus, within the first month of LT. This culminated in graft loss, re-transplant with multiple biliary and infectious complications. To our knowledge, this is a case report of an early hepatic artery thrombosis due to Aspergillus fumigatus in an infection-free patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel J Echeverri
- Transplant Surgery Department, Fundación Valle de Lilí, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia.,Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle de Lilí, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia.,Centre for Research on Advanced Surgery and Transplants (CICAT), Universidad Icesi, Cl. 18 #122-135, Cali 76008, Colombia
| | - Luis-Armando Caicedo
- Transplant Surgery Department, Fundación Valle de Lilí, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia.,Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle de Lilí, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia
| | - Alejandro Delgado
- Transplant Surgery Department, Fundación Valle de Lilí, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia.,Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle de Lilí, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia.,Centre for Research on Advanced Surgery and Transplants (CICAT), Universidad Icesi, Cl. 18 #122-135, Cali 76008, Colombia
| | - Laura-Sofia Thomas
- Transplant Surgery Department, Fundación Valle de Lilí, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia.,Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle de Lilí, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia.,Centre for Research on Advanced Surgery and Transplants (CICAT), Universidad Icesi, Cl. 18 #122-135, Cali 76008, Colombia
| | - Victor H Garcia
- Transplant Surgery Department, Fundación Valle de Lilí, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia.,Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle de Lilí, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia.,Centre for Research on Advanced Surgery and Transplants (CICAT), Universidad Icesi, Cl. 18 #122-135, Cali 76008, Colombia
| | - Catalina Gomez
- Transplant Surgery Department, Fundación Valle de Lilí, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia.,Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle de Lilí, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia.,Centre for Research on Advanced Surgery and Transplants (CICAT), Universidad Icesi, Cl. 18 #122-135, Cali 76008, Colombia
| | - Ana M Aristizabal
- Transplant Surgery Department, Fundación Valle de Lilí, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia.,Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle de Lilí, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia.,Centre for Research on Advanced Surgery and Transplants (CICAT), Universidad Icesi, Cl. 18 #122-135, Cali 76008, Colombia
| | - Ana M Arrunátegui
- Transplant Surgery Department, Fundación Valle de Lilí, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia.,Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle de Lilí, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia.,Pathology department, Fundación Valle de Lilí, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia
| | - Fernando Rosso
- Transplant Surgery Department, Fundación Valle de Lilí, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia.,Clinical Research Center, Fundación Valle de Lilí, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia.,Infectious disease department, Fundación Valle de Lilí, Carrera 98 # 18-49, Cali 760032, Colombia
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Hsieh SH, Brunke S, Brock M. Encapsulation of Antifungals in Micelles Protects Candida albicans during Gall-Bladder Infection. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:117. [PMID: 28203228 PMCID: PMC5285334 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is a dimorphic fungus that colonizes human mucosal surfaces with the potential to cause life-threatening invasive candidiasis. Studies on systemic candidiasis in a murine infection model using in vivo real-time bioluminescence imaging revealed persistence of C. albicans in the gall bladder under antifungal therapy. Preliminary analyses showed that bile conferred resistance against a wide variety of antifungals enabling survival in this cryptic host niche. Here, bile and its components were studied for their ability to reduce antifungal efficacy in order to elucidate the underlying mechanism of protection. While unconjugated bile salts were toxic to C. albicans, taurine, or glycine conjugated bile salts were well tolerated and protective against caspofungin and amphotericin B when exceeding their critical micellar concentration. Microarray experiments indicated that upregulation of genes generally known to mediate antifungal protection is not involved in the protection process. In contrast, rhodamine 6G and crystal violet in- and efflux experiments indicated encapsulation of antifungals in micelles, thereby reducing their bioavailability. Furthermore, farnesol sensing was abolished in the presence of conjugated bile salts trapping C. albicans cells in the hyphal morphology. This suggests that bioavailability of amphiphilic and hydrophobic compounds is reduced in the presence of bile. In contrast, small and hydrophilic molecules, such as cycloheximide, flucytosine, or sodium azide kept their antifungal properties. We therefore conclude that treatment of gall bladder and bile duct infections is hampered by the ability of bile salts to encapsulate antifungals in micelles. As a consequence, treatment of gall bladder or bile duct infections should favor the use of small hydrophilic drugs that are not solubilised in micelles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hung Hsieh
- Microbial Biochemistry and Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell InstituteJena, Germany; Fungal Genetics and Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of NottinghamNottingham, UK
| | - Sascha Brunke
- Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell Institute Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Brock
- Microbial Biochemistry and Physiology, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knoell InstituteJena, Germany; Fungal Genetics and Biology Group, School of Life Sciences, University of NottinghamNottingham, UK
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