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Lu SL, Pei Y, Liu WW, Han K, Cheng JCH, Li PC. Evaluating ECM stiffness and liver cancer radiation response via shear-wave elasticity in 3D culture models. Radiat Oncol 2024; 19:128. [PMID: 39334323 PMCID: PMC11430210 DOI: 10.1186/s13014-024-02513-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stiffness of the tumor microenvironment (TME) directly influences cellular behaviors. Radiotherapy (RT) is a common treatment for solid tumors, but the TME can impact its efficacy. In the case of liver cancer, clinical observations have shown that tumors within a cirrhotic, stiffer background respond less to RT, suggesting that the extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness plays a critical role in the development of radioresistance. METHODS This study explored the effects of ECM stiffness and the inhibition of lysyl oxidase (LOX) isoenzymes on the radiation response of liver cancer in a millimeter-sized three-dimensional (3D) culture. We constructed a cube-shaped ECM-based millimeter-sized hydrogel containing Huh7 human liver cancer cells. By modulating the collagen concentration, we produced two groups of samples with different ECM stiffnesses to mimic the clinical scenarios of normal and cirrhotic livers. We used a single-transducer system for shear-wave-based elasticity measurement, to derive Young's modulus of the 3D cell culture to investigate how the ECM stiffness affects radiosensitivity. This is the first demonstration of a workflow for assessing radiation-induced response in a millimeter-sized 3D culture. RESULTS Increased ECM stiffness was associated with a decreased radiation response. Moreover, sonoporation-assisted LOX inhibition with BAPN (β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate) significantly decreased the initial ECM stiffness and increased RT-induced cell death. Inhibition of LOX was particularly effective in reducing ECM stiffness in stiffer matrices. Combining LOX inhibition with RT markedly increased radiation-induced DNA damage in cirrhotic liver cancer cells, enhancing their response to radiation. Furthermore, LOX inhibition can be combined with sonoporation to overcome stiffness-related radioresistance, potentially leading to better treatment outcomes for patients with liver cancer. CONCLUSIONS The findings underscore the significant influence of ECM stiffness on liver cancer's response to radiation. Sonoporation-aided LOX inhibition emerges as a promising strategy to mitigate stiffness-related resistance, offering potential improvements in liver cancer treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Lun Lu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu Pei
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate of Institute of Oral Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kun Han
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jason Chia-Hsien Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Oncology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Radiation Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Chi Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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2
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Ahmad R, Barcellini A, Baumann K, Benje M, Bender T, Bragado P, Charalampopoulou A, Chowdhury R, Davis AJ, Ebner DK, Eley J, Kloeber JA, Mutter RW, Friedrich T, Gutierrez-Uzquiza A, Helm A, Ibáñez-Moragues M, Iturri L, Jansen J, Morcillo MÁ, Puerta D, Kokko AP, Sánchez-Parcerisa D, Scifoni E, Shimokawa T, Sokol O, Story MD, Thariat J, Tinganelli W, Tommasino F, Vandevoorde C, von Neubeck C. Particle Beam Radiobiology Status and Challenges: A PTCOG Radiobiology Subcommittee Report. Int J Part Ther 2024; 13:100626. [PMID: 39258166 PMCID: PMC11386331 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpt.2024.100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Particle therapy (PT) represents a significant advancement in cancer treatment, precisely targeting tumor cells while sparing surrounding healthy tissues thanks to the unique depth-dose profiles of the charged particles. Furthermore, their linear energy transfer and relative biological effectiveness enhance their capability to treat radioresistant tumors, including hypoxic ones. Over the years, extensive research has paved the way for PT's clinical application, and current efforts aim to refine its efficacy and precision, minimizing the toxicities. In this regard, radiobiology research is evolving toward integrating biotechnology to advance drug discovery and radiation therapy optimization. This shift from basic radiobiology to understanding the molecular mechanisms of PT aims to expand the therapeutic window through innovative dose delivery regimens and combined therapy approaches. This review, written by over 30 contributors from various countries, provides a comprehensive look at key research areas and new developments in PT radiobiology, emphasizing the innovations and techniques transforming the field, ranging from the radiobiology of new irradiation modalities to multimodal radiation therapy and modeling efforts. We highlight both advancements and knowledge gaps, with the aim of improving the understanding and application of PT in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Ahmad
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amelia Barcellini
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Clinical Department Radiation Oncology Unit, National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Pavia, Italy
| | - Kilian Baumann
- Institute of Medical Physics and Radiation Protection, University of Applied Sciences Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Marburg Ion-Beam Therapy Center, Marburg, Germany
| | - Malte Benje
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Tamara Bender
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Paloma Bragado
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Charalampopoulou
- University School for Advanced Studies (IUSS), Pavia, Italy
- Radiobiology Unit, Development and Research Department, National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO), Pavia, Italy
| | - Reema Chowdhury
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Anthony J Davis
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel K Ebner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - John Eley
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jake A Kloeber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Robert W Mutter
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Thomas Friedrich
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Alexander Helm
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Marta Ibáñez-Moragues
- Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, Technology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorea Iturri
- Institut Curie, Université PSL, CNRS UMR3347, Inserm U1021, Signalisation Radiobiologie et Cancer, Orsay, France
| | - Jeannette Jansen
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Miguel Ángel Morcillo
- Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, Technology Department, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Puerta
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs.GRANADA), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada/Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | | | - Emanuele Scifoni
- TIFPA-INFN - Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, Trento, Italy
| | - Takashi Shimokawa
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Chiba, Japan
| | - Olga Sokol
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | | | - Juliette Thariat
- Centre François Baclesse, Université de Caen Normandie, ENSICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen UMR6534, Caen, France
| | - Walter Tinganelli
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Francesco Tommasino
- TIFPA-INFN - Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications, Trento, Italy
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Cläre von Neubeck
- Department of Particle Therapy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Duisburg, Germany
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3
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Jackson MR, Richards AR, Oladipupo ABA, Chahal SK, Caragher S, Chalmers AJ, Gomez-Roman N. ClonoScreen3D - A Novel 3-Dimensional Clonogenic Screening Platform for Identification of Radiosensitizers for Glioblastoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 120:162-177. [PMID: 38493899 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2024.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor. Standard-of-care treatment comprising surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy results in median survival rates of 12 to 15 months. Molecular-targeted agents identified using conventional 2-dimensional (2D) in vitro models of GBM have failed to improve outcome in patients, rendering such models inadequate for therapeutic target identification. A previously developed 3D GBM in vitro model that recapitulates key GBM clinical features and responses to molecular therapies was investigated for utility for screening novel radiation-drug combinations using gold-standard clonogenic survival as readout. METHODS AND MATERIALS Patient-derived GBM cell lines were optimized for inclusion in a 96-well plate 3D clonogenic screening platform, ClonoScreen3D. Radiation responses of GBM cells in this system were highly reproducible and comparable to those observed in low-throughout 3D assays. The screen methodology provided quantification of candidate drug single agent activity (half maximal effective concentration or EC50) and the interaction between drug and radiation (radiation interaction ratio). RESULTS The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors talazoparib, rucaparib, and olaparib each showed a significant interaction with radiation by ClonoScreen3D and were subsequently confirmed as true radiosensitizers by full clonogenic assay. Screening a panel of DNA damage response inhibitors revealed the expected propensity of these compounds to interact significantly with radiation (13/15 compounds). A second screen assessed a panel of compounds targeting pathways identified by transcriptomic analysis and demonstrated single agent activity and a previously unreported interaction with radiation of dinaciclib and cytarabine (radiation interaction ratio 1.28 and 1.90, respectively). These compounds were validated as radiosensitizers in full clonogenic assays (sensitizer enhancement ratio 1.47 and 1.35, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The ClonoScreen3D platform was demonstrated to be a robust method to screen for single agent and radiation-drug combination activity. Using gold-standard clonogenicity, this assay is a tool for identification of radiosensitizers. We anticipate this technology will accelerate identification of novel radiation-drug combinations with genuine translational value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Jackson
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Amanda R Richards
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Sandeep K Chahal
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Seamus Caragher
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachussetts, USA
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Natividad Gomez-Roman
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK; Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
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4
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Lawrence PT, Daniels AS, Tierney AJ, Sykes ECH, Mace CR. Ligand Shell Thickness of PEGylated Gold Nanoparticles Controls Cellular Uptake and Radiation Enhancement. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:36847-36856. [PMID: 39220474 PMCID: PMC11360023 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c06568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The drive to improve the safety and efficacy of radiotherapies for cancers has prompted the development of nanomaterials that can locally amplify the radiation dose at a tumor without damaging the surrounding healthy tissue. Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), in particular, exhibit promising radiosensitizing properties under kilovolt X-ray exposure, although the precise mechanism behind this enhancement is not fully understood. While most studies recognize the involvement of factors such as core composition, size, shape, and ligand chemistry in the effectiveness of Au NPs for radiation-induced cancer treatment, there is a scarcity of direct assessments that connect the photophysical properties of the nanomaterial with the observed cellular or biological outcomes. Despite previous evidence of low-energy electron (LEE) emission from Au NPs and their potential to initiate biological damage, to our knowledge, no studies directly correlate the secondary LEE emission with radiation-induced cell death. In this study we assessed Au NPs functionalized with polyethylene glycol (PEG) ligands of varying molecular weights and lengths (1, 5, and 20 kDa PEG) as potential radiosensitizers of A549 lung cancer cells using kilovolt X-ray source potentials (33-130 kVp). We assessed NP internalization using mass cytometry, radiation dose enhancement using clonogenic survival assays, and secondary LEE emission using a retarding field analyzer. Results reveal a statistically significant difference in cellular uptake and radiation dose enhancement for 5 kDa PEG-Au NPs compared to formulations using 1 and 20 kDa PEG, while analysis of secondary LEE emission spectra demonstrated that differences in the length of the PEG ligand did not cause statistically significant attenuation of secondary LEE flux. Consequently, we inferred increased cellular uptake of NPs to be the cause for the observed enhancement in radiosensitivity for 5 kDa PEGylated Au NPs. The approach used in this study establishes a more complete workflow for designing and characterizing the performance of nanomaterial radiosensitizers, allowing for quantification of secondary LEEs and cellular uptake, and ultimately correlation with localized dose enhancement that leads to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T. Lawrence
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Avery S. Daniels
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Allison J. Tierney
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - E. Charles H. Sykes
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Charles R. Mace
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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5
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Policei Marques N, Isikawa MM, Muradova Z, Morris T, Berbeco R, Guidelli EJ. Size-Dependent Blue Emission from Europium-Doped Strontium Fluoride Nanoscintillators for X-Ray-Activated Photodynamic Therapy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400372. [PMID: 38630101 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Successful implementation of X-ray-activated photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) is challenging because most photosensitizers (PSs) absorb light in the blue region, but few nanoscintillators produce efficient blue scintillation. Here, efficient blue-emitting SrF2:Eu scintillating nanoparticles (ScNPs) are developed. The optimized synthesis conditions result in cubic nanoparticles with ≈32 nm diameter and blue emission at 416 nm. Coating them with the meso-tetra(n-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (TMPyP) in a core-shell structure (SrF@TMPyP) results in maximum singlet oxygen (1O2) generation upon X-ray irradiation for nanoparticles with 6TMPyP depositions (SrF@6TMPyP). The 1O2 generation is directly proportional to the dose, does not vary in the low-energy X-ray range (48-160 kVp), but is 21% higher when irradiated with low-energy X-rays than irradiations with higher energy gamma rays. In the clonogenic assay, cancer cells treated with SrF@6TMPyP and exposed to X-rays present a significantly reduced survival fraction compared to the controls. The SrF2:Eu ScNPs and their conjugates stand out as tunable nanoplatforms for X-PDT due to the efficient blue emission from the SrF2:Eu cores; the ability to adjust the scintillation emission in terms of color and intensity by controlling the nanoparticle size; the efficient 1O2 production when conjugated to a PS and the efficacy of killing cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Policei Marques
- Departamento de Física-Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Mileni M Isikawa
- Departamento de Física-Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil
| | - Zeinaf Muradova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Toby Morris
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, 01854, USA
| | - Ross Berbeco
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Eder J Guidelli
- Departamento de Física-Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-901, Brazil
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6
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Biagiotti G, Cazzoli R, Andreozzi P, Aresta G, Francesco M, Mangini C, di Gianvincenzo P, Tobia C, Recchia S, Polito L, Severi M, Vittorio O, Cicchi S, Moya SE, Ronca R, Albini A, Berti D, Orecchia R, Garibaldi C, Minucci S, Richichi B. Biocompatible cellulose nanocrystal-based Trojan horse enables targeted delivery of nano-Au radiosensitizers to triple negative breast cancer cells. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024; 9:1211-1218. [PMID: 38775782 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00042k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
A hybrid cellulose-based programmable nanoplatform for applications in precision radiation oncology is described. Here, sugar heads work as tumor targeting moieties and steer the precise delivery of radiosensitizers, i.e. gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. This "Trojan horse" approach promotes a specific and massive accumulation of radiosensitizers in TNBC cells, thus avoiding the fast turnover of small-sized AuNPs and the need for high doses of AuNPs for treatment. Application of X-rays resulted in a significant increase of the therapeutic effect while delivering the same dose, showing the possibility to use roughly half dose of X-rays to obtain the same radiotoxicity effect. These data suggest that this hybrid nanoplatform acts as a promising tool for applications in enhancing cancer radiotherapy effects with lower doses of X-rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Biagiotti
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Cazzoli
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- School of biomedical sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Patrizia Andreozzi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Giusi Aresta
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Mattii Francesco
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Chiara Mangini
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Paolo di Gianvincenzo
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Chiara Tobia
- Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sandro Recchia
- Department of Science and High Technology, University of Insubria, Via Valleggio 11, 22100 Como, Italy
| | - Laura Polito
- National Research Council, CNR-SCITEC, Via G. Fantoli 16/15, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Mirko Severi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Orazio Vittorio
- School of biomedical sciences, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Stefano Cicchi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Sergio E Moya
- Soft Matter Nanotechnology, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 194, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Experimental Oncology and Immunology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Debora Berti
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Roberto Orecchia
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Scientific Directorate, IEO, IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Saverio Minucci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, 20141 Milan, Italy
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Department of Chemistry 'Ugo Schiff', University of Firenze, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
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7
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Walker FM, Sobral LM, Danis E, Sanford B, Donthula S, Balakrishnan I, Wang D, Pierce A, Karam SD, Kargar S, Serkova NJ, Foreman NK, Venkataraman S, Dowell R, Vibhakar R, Dahl NA. Rapid P-TEFb-dependent transcriptional reorganization underpins the glioma adaptive response to radiotherapy. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4616. [PMID: 38816355 PMCID: PMC11139976 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48214-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic regulation of gene expression is fundamental for cellular adaptation to exogenous stressors. P-TEFb-mediated pause-release of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is a conserved regulatory mechanism for synchronous transcriptional induction in response to heat shock, but this pro-survival role has not been examined in the applied context of cancer therapy. Using model systems of pediatric high-grade glioma, we show that rapid genome-wide reorganization of active chromatin facilitates P-TEFb-mediated nascent transcriptional induction within hours of exposure to therapeutic ionizing radiation. Concurrent inhibition of P-TEFb disrupts this chromatin reorganization and blunts transcriptional induction, abrogating key adaptive programs such as DNA damage repair and cell cycle regulation. This combination demonstrates a potent, synergistic therapeutic potential agnostic of glioma subtype, leading to a marked induction of tumor cell apoptosis and prolongation of xenograft survival. These studies reveal a central role for P-TEFb underpinning the early adaptive response to radiotherapy, opening avenues for combinatorial treatment in these lethal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faye M Walker
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Lays Martin Sobral
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Etienne Danis
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Bridget Sanford
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sahiti Donthula
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ilango Balakrishnan
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Angela Pierce
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sana D Karam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Soudabeh Kargar
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Natalie J Serkova
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nicholas K Foreman
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Sujatha Venkataraman
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robin Dowell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Rajeev Vibhakar
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nathan A Dahl
- Morgan Adams Foundation Pediatric Brain Tumor Research Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
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8
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Abrishami A, Bahrami AR, Nekooei S, Sh Saljooghi A, Matin MM. Hybridized quantum dot, silica, and gold nanoparticles for targeted chemo-radiotherapy in colorectal cancer theranostics. Commun Biol 2024; 7:393. [PMID: 38561432 PMCID: PMC10984983 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Multimodal nanoparticles, utilizing quantum dots (QDs), mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), and gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), offer substantial potential as a smart and targeted drug delivery system for simultaneous cancer therapy and imaging. This method entails coating magnetic GZCIS/ZnS QDs with mesoporous silica, loading epirubicin into the pores, capping with Au NPs, PEGylation, and conjugating with epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) aptamers to actively target colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. This study showcases the hybrid QD@MSN-EPI-Au-PEG-Apt nanocarriers (size ~65 nm) with comprehensive characterizations post-synthesis. In vitro studies demonstrate the selective cytotoxicity of these targeted nanocarriers towards HT-29 cells compared to CHO cells, leading to a significant reduction in HT-29 cell survival when combined with irradiation. Targeted delivery of nanocarriers in vivo is validated by enhanced anti-tumor effects with reduced side effects following chemo-radiotherapy, along with imaging in a CRC mouse model. This approach holds promise for improved CRC theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abrishami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bahrami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
- Industrial Biotechnology Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sirous Nekooei
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Sh Saljooghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Maryam M Matin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
- Novel Diagnostics and Therapeutics Research Group, Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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9
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Guerra Liberal FDC, Parsons JL, McMahon SJ. Most DNA repair defects do not modify the relationship between relative biological effectiveness and linear energy transfer in CRISPR-edited cells. Med Phys 2024; 51:591-600. [PMID: 37753877 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease, driven by frequent genetic alterations which have significant effects on radiosensitivity. However, radiotherapy for a given cancer type is typically given with a standard dose determined from population-level trials. As a result, a proportion of patients are under- or over-dosed, reducing the clinical benefit of radiotherapy. Biological optimization would not only allow individual dose prescription but also a more efficient allocation of limited resources, such as proton and carbon ion therapy. Proton and ion radiotherapy offer an advantage over photons due to their elevated Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) resulting from their elevated Linear Energy Transfer (LET). Despite significant interest in optimizing LET by tailoring radiotherapy plans, RBE's genetic dependence remains unclear. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to better define the RBE/LET relationship in a panel of cell lines with different defects in DSB repair pathways, but otherwise identical biological features and genetic background to isolate these effects. METHODS Normal human cells (RPE1), genetically modified to introduce defects in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair genes, ATM, BRCA1, DCLRE1C, LIG4, PRKDC and TP53, were used to map the RBE-LET relationship. Cell survival was measured with clonogenic assays after exposure to photons, protons (LET 1 and 12 keV/µm) and alpha particles (129 keV/µm). Gene knockout sensitizer enhancement ratio (SER) values were calculated as the ratio of the mean inactivation dose (MID) of wild-type cells to repair-deficient cells, and RBE values were calculated as the ratio of the MID of X-ray and particle irradiated cells. 53BP1 foci were used to quantify radiation-induced DSBs and their repair following irradiation. RESULTS Deletion of NHEJ genes had the greatest impact on photon sensitivity (ATM-/- SER = 2.0 and Lig4-/- SER = 1.8), with genes associated with HR having smaller effects (BRCA1-/- SER = 1.2). Wild-type cells showed RBEs of 1.1, 1.3, 5.0 for low- and high-LET protons and alpha particles respectively. SERs for different genes were independent of LET, apart from NHEJ knockouts which proved to be markedly hypersensitive across all tested LETs. Due to this hypersensitivity, the impact of high LET was reduced in cell models lacking the NHEJ repair pathway. HR-defective cells had moderately increased sensitivity across all tested LETs, but, notably, the contribution of HR pathway to survival appeared independent of LET. Analysis of 53BP1 foci shows that NHEJ-defective cells had the least DSB repair capacity after low LET exposure, and no visible repair after high LET exposure. HR-defective cells also had slower repair kinetics, but the impact of HR defects is not as severe as NHEJ defects. CONCLUSIONS DSB repair defects, particularly in NHEJ, conferred significant radiosensitivity across all LETs. This sensitization appeared independent of LET, suggesting that the contribution of different DNA repair pathways to survival does not depend on radiation quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason L Parsons
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stephen J McMahon
- The Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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10
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Zimmermann M, Gerken LRH, Wee S, Kissling VM, Neuer AL, Tsolaki E, Gogos A, Lukatskaya MR, Herrmann IK. X-ray radio-enhancement by Ti 3C 2T x MXenes in soft tissue sarcoma. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:7826-7837. [PMID: 37878039 PMCID: PMC10697419 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00607g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a cornerstone of cancer treatment. However, due to the low tissue specificity of ionizing radiation, damage to the surrounding healthy tissue of the tumor remains a significant challenge. In recent years, radio-enhancers based on inorganic nanomaterials have gained considerable interest. Beyond the widely explored metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, 2D materials, such as MXenes, could present potential benefits because of their inherently large specific surface area. In this study, we highlight the promising radio-enhancement properties of Ti3C2Tx MXenes. We demonstrate that atomically thin layers of titanium carbides (Ti3C2Tx MXenes) are efficiently internalized and well-tolerated by mammalian cells. Contrary to MXenes suspended in aqueous buffers, which fully oxidize within days, yielding rice-grain shaped rutile nanoparticles, the MXenes internalized by cells oxidize at a slower rate. This is consistent with cell-free experiments that have shown slower oxidation rates in cell media and lysosomal buffers compared to dispersants without antioxidants. Importantly, the MXenes exhibit robust radio-enhancement properties, with dose enhancement factors reaching up to 2.5 in human soft tissue sarcoma cells, while showing no toxicity to healthy human fibroblasts. When compared to oxidized MXenes and commercial titanium dioxide nanoparticles, the intact 2D titanium carbide flakes display superior radio-enhancement properties. In summary, our findings offer evidence for the potent radio-enhancement capabilities of Ti3C2Tx MXenes, marking them as a promising candidate for enhancing radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Zimmermann
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Lukas R H Gerken
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Shianlin Wee
- Electrochemical Energy Systems Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vera M Kissling
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Anna L Neuer
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Elena Tsolaki
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Gogos
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Maria R Lukatskaya
- Electrochemical Energy Systems Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inge K Herrmann
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St Gallen, Switzerland
- The Ingenuity Lab, University Hospital Balgrist, Balgrist Campus, Forchstrasse 340, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Rämistrasse 71, 8006 Zurich, Switzerland
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11
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Alanazi N, Alanazi R, Algawati M, Alzahrani K, Alodhayb AN. Effect of Gold Nanoparticle Radiosensitization on DNA Damage Using a Quartz Tuning Fork Sensor. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1963. [PMID: 37893400 PMCID: PMC10609368 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of sensor technology enables the creation of DNA-based biosensors for biomedical applications. Herein, a quartz tuning fork (QTF) sensing system was employed as a transducer for biomedical applications to address indirect DNA damage associated with gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and enhance the effectiveness of low-dose gamma radiation in radiation therapy. The experiment included two stages, namely during and after irradiation exposure; shift frequencies (Δf) were measured for 20 min in each stage. During the irradiation stage, the QTF response to DNA damage was investigated in a deionized aqueous solution with and without 100 nm GNPs at different concentrations (5, 10, 15, and 20 µg/mL). Upon exposure to gamma radiation for 20 min at a dose rate of 2.4 µGy/min, the ratio of Δf/ΔT indicates increased fork displacement frequencies with or without GNPs. Additionally, DNA damage associated with high and low GNP concentrations was evaluated using the change in the resonance frequency of the QTF. The results indicate that GNPs at 15 and 10 µg/mL were associated with high damage-enhancement ratios, while saturation occurred at 20 µg/mL. At 15 µg/mL, significant radiotherapy enhancement occurred compared to that at 10 µg/mL at 10 min after exposure. In the post-irradiation stage, the frequency considerably differed between 15 and 10 µg/mL. Finally, these results significantly depart from the experimental predictions in the post-radiation stage. They exhibited no appreciable direct effect on DNA repair owing to the absence of an environment that promotes DNA repair following irradiation. However, these findings demonstrate the potential of enhancing damage by combining GNP-mediated radiation sensitization and biosensor technology. Thus, QTF is recommended as a reliable measure of DNA damage to investigate the dose enhancement effect at various GNP concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadyah Alanazi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (R.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Reem Alanazi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (R.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Mahmoud Algawati
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (R.A.); (M.A.)
| | - Khaled Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N. Alodhayb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (N.A.); (R.A.); (M.A.)
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12
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Gerken LRH, Gerdes ME, Pruschy M, Herrmann IK. Prospects of nanoparticle-based radioenhancement for radiotherapy. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:4059-4082. [PMID: 37555747 PMCID: PMC10544071 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00265a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a key pillar of solid cancer treatment. Despite a high level of conformal dose deposition, radiotherapy is limited due to co-irradiation of organs at risk and subsequent normal tissue toxicities. Nanotechnology offers an attractive opportunity for increasing the efficacy and safety of cancer radiotherapy. Leveraging the freedom of design and the growing synthetic capabilities of the nanomaterial-community, a variety of engineered nanomaterials have been designed and investigated as radiosensitizers or radioenhancers. While research so far has been primarily focused on gold nanoparticles and other high atomic number materials to increase the absorption cross section of tumor tissue, recent studies are challenging the traditional concept of high-Z nanoparticle radioenhancers and highlight the importance of catalytic activity. This review provides a concise overview on the knowledge of nanoparticle radioenhancement mechanisms and their quantification. It critically discusses potential radioenhancer candidate materials and general design criteria for different radiation therapy modalities, and concludes with research priorities in order to advance the development of nanomaterials, to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy and to increase at the same time the therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas R H Gerken
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Maren E Gerdes
- Karolinska Institutet, Solnavägen 1, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Pruschy
- Laboratory for Applied Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inge K Herrmann
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Particles-Biology Interactions Laboratory, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland
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13
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Ibáñez-Moragues M, Fernández-Barahona I, Santacruz R, Oteo M, Luján-Rodríguez VM, Muñoz-Hernando M, Magro N, Lagares JI, Romero E, España S, Espinosa-Rodríguez A, García-Díez M, Martínez-Nouvilas V, Sánchez-Tembleque V, Udías JM, Valladolid-Onecha V, Martín-Rey MÁ, Almeida-Cordon EI, Viñals i Onsès S, Pérez JM, Fraile LM, Herranz F, Morcillo MÁ. Zinc-Doped Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as a Proton-Activatable Agent for Dose Range Verification in Proton Therapy. Molecules 2023; 28:6874. [PMID: 37836718 PMCID: PMC10574368 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Proton therapy allows the treatment of specific areas and avoids the surrounding tissues. However, this technique has uncertainties in terms of the distal dose fall-off. A promising approach to studying the proton range is the use of nanoparticles as proton-activatable agents that produce detectable signals. For this, we developed an iron oxide nanoparticle doped with Zn (IONP@Zn-cit) with a hydrodynamic size of 10 nm and stability in serum. Cytotoxicity, defined as half of the surveillance, was 100 μg Zn/mL in the U251 cell line. The effect on clonogenic cell death was tested after X-ray irradiation, which suggested a radioprotective effect of these nanoparticles at low concentrations (1-10 μg Zn/mL). To evaluate the production of positron emitters and prompt-gamma signals, IONP@Zn-cit was irradiated with protons, obtaining prompt-gamma signals at the lowest measured concentration (10 mg Zn/mL). Finally, 67Ga-IONP@Zn-cit showed accumulation in the liver and spleen and an accumulation in the tumor tissue of 0.95% ID/g in a mouse model of U251 cells. These results suggest the possibility of using Zn nanoparticles as proton-activatable agents to verify the range by prompt gamma detection and face the challenges of prompt gamma detection in a specific biological situation, opening different avenues to go forward in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ibáñez-Moragues
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Irene Fernández-Barahona
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto de Química Médica—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IQM-CSIC, Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-H.)
| | - Rocío Santacruz
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Marta Oteo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Víctor M. Luján-Rodríguez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - María Muñoz-Hernando
- Instituto de Química Médica—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IQM-CSIC, Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-H.)
| | - Natalia Magro
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Juan I. Lagares
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Eduardo Romero
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Samuel España
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrea Espinosa-Rodríguez
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel García-Díez
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Martínez-Nouvilas
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Tembleque
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Udías
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Víctor Valladolid-Onecha
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Á. Martín-Rey
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Hematopoietic Innovative Therapies Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Edilia I. Almeida-Cordon
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Animal Facility Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Sílvia Viñals i Onsès
- Center for Microanalysis of Materials (CMAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José Manuel Pérez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
| | - Luis Mario Fraile
- Nuclear Physics Group, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, IPARCOS &EMFTEL, CEI Moncloa, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (S.E.); (A.E.-R.); (M.G.-D.); (V.M.-N.); (V.S.-T.); (J.M.U.); (V.V.-O.); (L.M.F.)
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Herranz
- Instituto de Química Médica—Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas IQM-CSIC, Nanomedicine and Molecular Imaging Group, 28006 Madrid, Spain; (M.M.-H.)
| | - Miguel Ángel Morcillo
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas CIEMAT, Medical Applications of Ionizing Radiation Unit, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.S.); (M.O.); (V.M.L.-R.); (N.M.); (J.I.L.); (E.R.); (J.M.P.)
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Mandl GA, Vettier F, Tessitore G, Maurizio SL, Bietar K, Stochaj U, Capobianco JA. Combining Pr 3+-Doped Nanoradiosensitizers and Endogenous Protoporphyrin IX for X-ray-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy of Glioblastoma Cells. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023. [PMID: 37267436 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is an aggressive type of brain cancer with high recurrence rates due to the presence of radioresistant cells remaining after tumor resection. Here, we report the development of an X-ray-mediated photodynamic therapy (X-PDT) system using NaLuF4:25% Pr3+ radioluminescent nanoparticles in conjunction with protoporphyrin IX (PPIX), an endogenous photosensitizer that accumulates selectively in cancer cells. Conveniently, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), the prodrug that is administered for PDT, is the only drug approved for fluorescence-guided resection of glioblastoma, enabling dual detection and treatment of malignant cells. NaLuF4:Pr3+ nanoparticles were synthesized and spectroscopically evaluated at a range of Pr3+ concentrations. This generated radioluminescent nanoparticles with strong emissions from the 1S0 excited state of Pr3+, which overlaps with the Soret band of PPIX to perform photodynamic therapy. The spectral overlap between the nanoparticles and PPIX improved treatment outcomes for U251 cells, which were used as a model for the thin tumor margin. In addition to sensitizing PPIX to induce X-PDT, our nanoparticles exhibit strong radiosensitizing properties through a radiation dose-enhancement effect. We evaluate the effects of the nanoparticles alone and in combination with PPIX on viability, death, stress, senescence, and proliferation. Collectively, our results demonstrate this as a strong proof of concept for nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle A Mandl
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Centre for Nanoscience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Freesia Vettier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Centre for Nanoscience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Gabriella Tessitore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Centre for Nanoscience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Steven L Maurizio
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Centre for Nanoscience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Kais Bietar
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Ursula Stochaj
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - John A Capobianco
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry & Centre for Nanoscience Research, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St. W., Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada
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15
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Neuer AL, Vogel A, Gogos A, Kissling VM, Tsolaki E, Herrmann IK. Metal-Organic Framework Mediated Radio-Enhancement Assessed in High-Throughput-Compatible 3D Tumor Spheroid Co-Cultures. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023:e2300075. [PMID: 37178330 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nanomaterials have gained increasing attention in radiation oncology, owing to their radiation therapy enhancing properties. To accelerate candidate material selection and overcome the disconnect between conventional 2D cell culture and in vivo findings, screening platforms unifying high-throughput with physiologically relevant endpoint analysis based on 3D in vitro models are promising. Here, a 3D tumor spheroid co-culture model based on cancerous and healthy human cells is presented for the concurrent assessment of radio-enhancement efficacy, toxicity, and intratissural biodistribution with full ultrastructural context of radioenhancer candidate materials. Its potential for rapid candidate materials screening is showcased based on the example of nano-sized metal-organic frameworks (nMOFs) and direct benchmarking against gold nanoparticles (the current "gold standard"). Dose enhancement factors (DEFs) ranging between 1.4 and 1.8 are measured for Hf-, Ti-, TiZr-, and Au-based materials in 3D tissues and are overall lower than in 2D cell cultures, where DEF values exceeding 2 are found. In summary, the presented co-cultured tumor spheroid-healthy fibroblast model with tissue-like characteristics may serve as high-throughput platform enabling rapid, cell line-specific endpoint analysis for therapeutic efficacy and toxicity assessment, as well as accelerated radio-enhancer candidate screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Neuer
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Vogel
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Gogos
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Vera M Kissling
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
| | - Elena Tsolaki
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Inge K Herrmann
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, St. Gallen, 9014, Switzerland
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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16
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Varzandeh M, Sabouri L, Mansouri V, Gharibshahian M, Beheshtizadeh N, Hamblin MR, Rezaei N. Application of nano-radiosensitizers in combination cancer therapy. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10498. [PMID: 37206240 PMCID: PMC10189501 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiosensitizers are compounds or nanostructures, which can improve the efficiency of ionizing radiation to kill cells. Radiosensitization increases the susceptibility of cancer cells to radiation-induced killing, while simultaneously reducing the potentially damaging effect on the cellular structure and function of the surrounding healthy tissues. Therefore, radiosensitizers are therapeutic agents used to boost the effectiveness of radiation treatment. The complexity and heterogeneity of cancer, and the multifactorial nature of its pathophysiology has led to many approaches to treatment. The effectiveness of each approach has been proven to some extent, but no definitive treatment to eradicate cancer has been discovered. The current review discusses a broad range of nano-radiosensitizers, summarizing possible combinations of radiosensitizing NPs with several other types of cancer therapy options, focusing on the benefits and drawbacks, challenges, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Varzandeh
- Department of Materials EngineeringIsfahan University of TechnologyIsfahanIran
| | - Leila Sabouri
- AmitisGen TECH Dev GroupTehranIran
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
| | - Vahid Mansouri
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
- Gene Therapy Research Center, Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Maliheh Gharibshahian
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
- Student Research CommitteeSchool of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical SciencesShahroudIran
| | - Nima Beheshtizadeh
- Regenerative Medicine Group (REMED)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
- Department of Tissue EngineeringSchool of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Laser Research Center, Faculty of Health ScienceUniversity of JohannesburgDoornfonteinSouth Africa
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA)Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN)TehranIran
- Research Center for ImmunodeficienciesChildren's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
- Department of ImmunologySchool of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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17
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Fluorescent Gold Nanoparticles in Suspension as an Efficient Theranostic Agent for Highly Radio-Resistant Cancer Cells. JOURNAL OF NANOTHERANOSTICS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/jnt4010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles are a promising candidate for developing new strategies of therapy against cancer. Due to their high atomic number and relative biocompatibility, they are commonly investigated as radiosensitizers to locally increase the dose of radiotherapy. In order to optimize this radiosensitizing effect, it is necessary to control the positioning of the nanoparticles in the cells. The purpose of this study is to investigate, by means of fluorescent gold nanoparticles in suspension, the dose enhancement on highly radio-resistant cancer cells. These nanoparticles were successfully produced using modern click-chemistry methods, first by attaching a chelating agent Diethylenetriamine pentaacetate benzylamine to L-cysteine, bonding the resulting ligand to a gold core, grafting propargylamine and then utilizing copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) to fuse AlexaFluor 647 to the ligands. The results of this study prove the success of the reactions to produce a minimally cytotoxic and highly stable nanoparticle suspension that increases the radiosensitivity of gliosarcoma 9L tumor cells, with a 35% increase in cell death using 5 Gy kilovoltage radiation. Their fluorescent functionalization allowed for their simple localization within living cells and detection in vivo post-mortem.
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18
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Sisin NNT, Rahman WN. Potentials of Bismuth-Based Nanoparticles and Baicalein Natural Compounds as Radiosensitizers in Cancer Radiotherapy: a Review. BIONANOSCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12668-022-01057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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19
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Neuer AL, Jessernig A, Gerken LRH, Gogos A, Starsich FHL, Anthis AHC, Herrmann IK. Cellular fate and performance of group IV metal organic framework radioenhancers. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:6558-6569. [PMID: 36215095 PMCID: PMC9641950 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00973k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Nano-sized metal organic frameworks (nanoMOFs) have gained increasing importance in biomedicine due to their tunable properties. In addition to their use as carriers in drug delivery, nanoMOFs containing hafnium have been successfully employed as radio-enhancers augmenting damage caused by X-ray irradiation in tumor tissue. While results are encouraging, there is little mechanistic understanding available, and the biological fate of these radio-enhancer nanoparticles remains largely unexplored. Here, we synthesized a selection of group IV metal-based (Hf, Ti, Ti/Zr) nanoMOFs and investigated their cell compatibility and radio-enhancement performance in direct comparison to the corresponding metal oxides. We report surprising radio-enhancement performance of Ti-containing nanoMOFs reaching dose modifying ratios of 3.84 in human sarcoma cells and no relevant dose modification in healthy human fibroblasts. These Ti-based nanoMOFs even outperformed previously reported Hf-based nanoMOFs as well as equimolar group IV metal oxides in direct benchmarking experiments. While group IV nanoMOFs were well-tolerated by cells in the absence of irradiation, the nanoMOFs partially dissolved in lysosomal buffer conditions showing distinctly different chemical stability compared to widely researched group IV oxides (TiO2, ZrO2, and HfO2). Taken together, this study illustrates the promising potential of Ti-based nanoMOFs for radio-enhancement and provides insight into the intracellular fate and stability of group IV nanoMOFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Neuer
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Jessernig
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas R H Gerken
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Gogos
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fabian H L Starsich
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexandre H C Anthis
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Inge K Herrmann
- Laboratory for Particles-Biology Interactions, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014 St. Gallen, Switzerland.
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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20
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Quantifying Radiosensitization of PSMA-Targeted Gold Nanoparticles on Prostate Cancer Cells at Megavoltage Radiation Energies by Monte Carlo Simulation and Local Effect Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102205. [PMID: 36297640 PMCID: PMC9611822 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Active targeting gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are a very promising avenue for cancer treatment with many publications on AuNP mediated radiosensitization at kilovoltage (kV) photon energies. However, uncertainty on the effectiveness of AuNPs under clinically relevant megavoltage (MV) radiation energies hinders the clinical translation of AuNP-assisted radiation therapy (RT) paradigm. The aim of this study was to investigate radiosensitization mediated by PSMA-targeted AuNPs irradiated by a 6 MV radiation beam at different depths to explore feasibility of AuNP-assisted prostate cancer RT under clinically relevant conditions. PSMA-targeted AuNPs (PSMA-AuNPs) were synthesized by conjugating PSMA antibodies onto PEGylated AuNPs through EDC/NHS chemistry. Confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to verify the active targeting of the developed PSMA-AuNPs. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to demonstrate the intracellular biodistribution of PSMA-AuNPs. LNCaP prostate cancer cells treated with PSMA-AuNPs were irradiated on a Varian 6 MV LINAC under varying depths (2.5 cm, 10 cm, 20 cm, 30 cm) of solid water. Clonogenic assays were carried out to determine the in vitro cell survival fractions. A Monte Carlo (MC) model developed on TOPAS platform was then employed to determine the nano-scale radial dose distribution around AuNPs, which was subsequently used to predict the radiation dose response of LNCaP cells treated with AuNPs. Two different cell models, with AuNPs located within the whole cell or only in the cytoplasm, were used to assess how the intracellular PSMA-AuNP biodistribution impacts the prostate cancer radiosensitization. Then, MC-based microdosimetry was combined with the local effect model (LEM) to calculate cell survival fraction, which was benchmarked against the in vitro clonogenic assays at different depths. In vitro clonogenic assay of LNCaP cells demonstrated the depth dependence of AuNP radiosensitization under clinical megavoltage beams, with sensitization enhancement ratio (SER) of 1.14 ± 0.03 and 1.55 ± 0.05 at 2.5 cm depth and 30 cm depth, respectively. The MC microdosimetry model showed the elevated percent of low-energy photons in the MV beams at greater depth, consequently resulting in increased dose enhancement ratio (DER) of AuNPs with depth. The AuNP-induced DER reached ~5.7 and ~8.1 at depths of 2.5 cm and 30 cm, respectively. Microdosimetry based LEM accurately predicted the cell survival under 6 MV beams at different depths, for the cell model with AuNPs placed only in the cell cytoplasm. TEM results demonstrated the distribution of PSMA-AuNPs in the cytoplasm, confirming the accuracy of MC microdosimetry based LEM with modelled AuNPs distributed within the cytoplasm. We conclude that AuNP radiosensitization can be achieved under megavoltage clinical radiotherapy energies with a dependence on tumor depth. Furthermore, the combination of Monte Carlo microdosimetry and LEM will be a valuable tool to assist with developing AuNP-aided radiotherapy paradigm and drive clinical translation.
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21
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DNA Repair Inhibitors Potentiate Fractionated Radiotherapy More Than Single-Dose Radiotherapy in Breast Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153794. [PMID: 35954456 PMCID: PMC9367425 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological inhibitors of DNA damage response (DDR) proteins, such as the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ataxia-telangiectasia and Rad3-related (ATR) kinases and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), have been developed to overcome tumor radioresistance. Despite demonstrating radiosensitization preclinically, they have performed suboptimally in clinical trials, possibly due to an incomplete understanding of the influence of DDR inhibition on ionizing radiation (IR) dose fractionation and sublethal damage repair. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate the radiosensitizing ability under fractionation of ATM inhibitor AZD0156, ATR inhibitor AZD6738 and PARP inhibitor AZD2281 (olaparib), utilizing MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. Clonogenic assays were performed to assess cell survival and sublethal damage repair after treatment with DDR inhibitors and either single-dose or fractionated IR. Immunofluorescence microscopy was utilized to evaluate DNA double-strand break repair kinetics. Cell cycle distributions were investigated using flow cytometry. All inhibitors showed significant radiosensitization, which was significantly greater following fractionated IR than single-dose IR. They also led to more unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks at 24 h post-IR. This study provides preclinical evidence for the role of AZD0156, AZD6738 and olaparib as radiosensitizing agents. Still, it highlights the need to evaluate these drugs in fractionated settings mirroring clinical practice to optimize the trial design.
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22
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Korde A, Mikolajczak R, Kolenc P, Bouziotis P, Westin H, Lauritzen M, Koole M, Herth MM, Bardiès M, Martins AF, Paulo A, Lyashchenko SK, Todde S, Nag S, Lamprou E, Abrunhosa A, Giammarile F, Decristoforo C. Practical considerations for navigating the regulatory landscape of non-clinical studies for clinical translation of radiopharmaceuticals. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2022; 7:18. [PMID: 35852679 PMCID: PMC9296747 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-022-00168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The development of radiopharmaceuticals requires extensive evaluation before they can be applied in a diagnostic or therapeutic setting in Nuclear Medicine. Chemical, radiochemical, and pharmaceutical parameters must be established and verified to ensure the quality of these novel products.
Main body To provide supportive evidence for the expected human in vivo behaviour, particularly related to safety and efficacy, additional tests, often referred to as “non-clinical” or “preclinical” are mandatory. This document is an outcome of a Technical Meeting of the International Atomic Energy Agency. It summarises the considerations necessary for non-clinical studies to accommodate the regulatory requirements for clinical translation of radiopharmaceuticals. These considerations include non-clinical pharmacology, radiation exposure and effects, toxicological studies, pharmacokinetic modelling, and imaging studies. Additionally, standardisation of different specific clinical applications is discussed.
Conclusion This document is intended as a guide for radiopharmaceutical scientists, Nuclear Medicine specialists, and regulatory professionals to bring innovative diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals into the clinical evaluation process in a safe and effective way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aruna Korde
- Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Renata Mikolajczak
- Radioisotope Centre POLATOM, National Centre for Nuclear Research, Andrzej Soltan 7, 05-400, Otwock, Poland
| | - Petra Kolenc
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Penelope Bouziotis
- National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences and Technology, Energy & Safety, 15341, Athens, Greece
| | - Hadis Westin
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Ridgeview Instruments AB, Uppsala Universitet, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 36A, 752 37, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mette Lauritzen
- Bruker BioSpin MRI GmbH, Rudolf-Plank-Str. 23, 76275, Ettlingen, Germany
| | - Michel Koole
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Matthias Manfred Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manuel Bardiès
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, Institut Régional du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Université de Montpellier, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Andre F Martins
- Department of Preclinical Imaging and Radiopharmacy, Werner Siemens Imaging Center, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13/1, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Antonio Paulo
- Centro de Ciências E Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Bobadela Lrs, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Serge K Lyashchenko
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sergio Todde
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Tecnomed Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Sangram Nag
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Efthimis Lamprou
- Bioemtech, Lefkippos Attica Technology Park-N.C.S.R Demokritos, Athens, Greece
| | - Antero Abrunhosa
- ICNAS/CIBIT, Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Francesco Giammarile
- Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Vienna International Centre, PO Box 100, 1400, Vienna, Austria
| | - Clemens Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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23
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Guerra DB, Oliveira EMN, Sonntag AR, Sbaraine P, Fay AP, Morrone FB, Papaléo RM. Intercomparison of radiosensitization induced by gold and iron oxide nanoparticles in human glioblastoma cells irradiated by 6 MV photons. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9602. [PMID: 35688846 PMCID: PMC9187689 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, an intercomparison of sensitization effects produced by gold (GNP) and dextran-coated iron oxide (SPION-DX) nanoparticles in M059J and U87 human glioblastoma cells was performed using 6 MV-photons. Three variables were mapped: the nanoparticle material, treatment concentration, and cell radiosensitivity. For U87, GNP treatments resulted in high sensitization enhancement ratios (SER[Formula: see text] up to 2.04). More modest effects were induced by SPION-DX, but still significant reductions in survival were achieved (maximum SER[Formula: see text] ). For the radiosensitive M059J, sensitization by both NPs was poor. SER[Formula: see text] increased with the degree of elemental uptake in the cells, but not necessarily with treatment concentration. For GNP, where exposure concentration and elemental uptake were found to be proportional, SER[Formula: see text] increased linearly with concentration in both cell lines. For SPION-DX, saturation of sensitization enhancement and metal uptake occurred at high exposures. Fold change in the [Formula: see text] ratios extracted from survival curves are reduced by the presence of SPION-DX but strongly increased by GNPs , suggesting that sensitization by GNPs occurs mainly via promotion of lethal damage, while for SPION-DX repairable damage dominates. The NPs were more effective in eliminating the radioresistant glioblastoma cells, an interesting finding, as resistant cells are key targets to improve treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danieli B Guerra
- Interdisciplinary Center of Nanoscience and Micro-Nanotechnology, School of Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil.
| | - Elisa M N Oliveira
- Interdisciplinary Center of Nanoscience and Micro-Nanotechnology, School of Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda R Sonntag
- Interdisciplinary Center of Nanoscience and Micro-Nanotechnology, School of Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Patricia Sbaraine
- Division of Radiotherapy, São Lucas Hospital of PUCRS, Porto Alegre, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Andre P Fay
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Fernanda B Morrone
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Ricardo M Papaléo
- Interdisciplinary Center of Nanoscience and Micro-Nanotechnology, School of Technology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 90619-900, Brazil
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24
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Gerken LRH, Gogos A, Starsich FHL, David H, Gerdes ME, Schiefer H, Psoroulas S, Meer D, Plasswilm L, Weber DC, Herrmann IK. Catalytic activity imperative for nanoparticle dose enhancement in photon and proton therapy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3248. [PMID: 35668122 PMCID: PMC9170699 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30982-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based radioenhancement is a promising strategy for extending the therapeutic ratio of radiotherapy. While (pre)clinical results are encouraging, sound mechanistic understanding of nanoparticle radioenhancement, especially the effects of nanomaterial selection and irradiation conditions, has yet to be achieved. Here, we investigate the radioenhancement mechanisms of selected metal oxide nanomaterials (including SiO2, TiO2, WO3 and HfO2), TiN and Au nanoparticles for radiotherapy utilizing photons (150 kVp and 6 MV) and 100 MeV protons. While Au nanoparticles show outstanding radioenhancement properties in kV irradiation settings, where the photoelectric effect is dominant, these properties are attenuated to baseline levels for clinically more relevant irradiation with MV photons and protons. In contrast, HfO2 nanoparticles retain some of their radioenhancement properties in MV photon and proton therapies. Interestingly, TiO2 nanoparticles, which have a comparatively low effective atomic number, show significant radioenhancement efficacies in all three irradiation settings, which can be attributed to the strong radiocatalytic activity of TiO2, leading to the formation of hydroxyl radicals, and nuclear interactions with protons. Taken together, our data enable the extraction of general design criteria for nanoparticle radioenhancers for different treatment modalities, paving the way to performance-optimized nanotherapeutics for precision radiotherapy. Nanoparticles have recently received attention in radiation therapy since they can act as radioenhancers. In this article, the authors report on the dose enhancement capabilities of a series of nanoparticles based on their metal core composition and beam characteristics, obtaining designing criteria for their optimal performance in specific radiotreatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas R H Gerken
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.,Particles Biology Interactions Laboratory, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Gogos
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.,Particles Biology Interactions Laboratory, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Fabian H L Starsich
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.,Particles Biology Interactions Laboratory, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Helena David
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maren E Gerdes
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Schiefer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen (KSSG), Rorschacherstrasse 95, CH-9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Serena Psoroulas
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - David Meer
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Ludwig Plasswilm
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen (KSSG), Rorschacherstrasse 95, CH-9007, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bern (Inselspital), 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Damien C Weber
- Center for Proton Therapy, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232, Villigen PSI, Switzerland.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bern (Inselspital), 3010, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zürich, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Inge K Herrmann
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering (IEPE), Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering (D-MAVT), ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland. .,Particles Biology Interactions Laboratory, Department of Materials Meet Life, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa), Lerchenfeldstrasse 5, 9014, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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25
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Silva F, D’Onofrio A, Mendes C, Pinto C, Marques A, Campello MPC, Oliveira MC, Raposinho P, Belchior A, Di Maria S, Marques F, Cruz C, Carvalho J, Paulo A. Radiolabeled Gold Nanoseeds Decorated with Substance P Peptides: Synthesis, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation in Glioblastoma Cellular Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020617. [PMID: 35054798 PMCID: PMC8775581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite some progress, the overall survival of patients with glioblastoma (GBM) remains extremely poor. In this context, there is a pressing need to develop innovative therapy strategies for GBM, namely those based on nanomedicine approaches. Towards this goal, we have focused on nanoparticles (AuNP-SP and AuNP-SPTyr8) with a small gold core (ca. 4 nm), carrying DOTA chelators and substance P (SP) peptides. These new SP-containing AuNPs were characterized by a variety of analytical techniques, including TEM and DLS measurements and UV-vis and CD spectroscopy, which proved their high in vitro stability and poor tendency to interact with plasma proteins. Their labeling with diagnostic and therapeutic radionuclides was efficiently performed by DOTA complexation with the trivalent radiometals 67Ga and 177Lu or by electrophilic radioiodination with 125I of the tyrosyl residue in AuNP-SPTyr8. Cellular studies of the resulting radiolabeled AuNPs in NKR1-positive GBM cells (U87, T98G and U373) have shown that the presence of the SP peptides has a crucial and positive impact on their internalization by the tumor cells. Consistently, 177Lu-AuNP-SPTyr8 showed more pronounced radiobiological effects in U373 cells when compared with the non-targeted congener 177Lu-AuNP-TDOTA, as assessed by cell viability and clonogenic assays and corroborated by Monte Carlo microdosimetry simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Silva
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; (A.D.); (C.M.); (C.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.C.C.); (M.C.O.); (P.R.); (A.B.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (A.P.)
| | - Alice D’Onofrio
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; (A.D.); (C.M.); (C.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.C.C.); (M.C.O.); (P.R.); (A.B.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Carolina Mendes
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; (A.D.); (C.M.); (C.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.C.C.); (M.C.O.); (P.R.); (A.B.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Catarina Pinto
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; (A.D.); (C.M.); (C.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.C.C.); (M.C.O.); (P.R.); (A.B.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Ana Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; (A.D.); (C.M.); (C.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.C.C.); (M.C.O.); (P.R.); (A.B.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Maria Paula Cabral Campello
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; (A.D.); (C.M.); (C.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.C.C.); (M.C.O.); (P.R.); (A.B.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.)
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; (A.D.); (C.M.); (C.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.C.C.); (M.C.O.); (P.R.); (A.B.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.)
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Paula Raposinho
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; (A.D.); (C.M.); (C.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.C.C.); (M.C.O.); (P.R.); (A.B.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.)
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Ana Belchior
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; (A.D.); (C.M.); (C.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.C.C.); (M.C.O.); (P.R.); (A.B.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Salvatore Di Maria
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; (A.D.); (C.M.); (C.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.C.C.); (M.C.O.); (P.R.); (A.B.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; (A.D.); (C.M.); (C.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.C.C.); (M.C.O.); (P.R.); (A.B.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.)
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Carla Cruz
- CICS-UBI-Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Josué Carvalho
- CICS-UBI-Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (C.C.); (J.C.)
| | - António Paulo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal; (A.D.); (C.M.); (C.P.); (A.M.); (M.P.C.C.); (M.C.O.); (P.R.); (A.B.); (S.D.M.); (F.M.)
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, Km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (A.P.)
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A GdW10@PDA-CAT Sensitizer with High-Z Effect and Self-Supplied Oxygen for Hypoxic-Tumor Radiotherapy. Molecules 2021; 27:molecules27010128. [PMID: 35011360 PMCID: PMC8746738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticancer treatment is largely affected by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME), which causes the resistance of the tumor to radiotherapy. Combining radiosensitizer compounds and O2 self-enriched moieties is an emerging strategy in hypoxic-tumor treatments. Herein, we engineered GdW10@PDA-CAT (K3Na4H2GdW10O36·2H2O, GdW10, polydopamine, PDA, catalase, CAT) composites as a radiosensitizer for the TME-manipulated enhancement of radiotherapy. In the composites, Gd (Z = 64) and W (Z = 74), as the high Z elements, make X-ray gather in tumor cells, thereby enhancing DNA damage induced by radiation. CAT can convert H2O2 to O2 and H2O to enhance the X-ray effect under hypoxic TME. CAT and PDA modification enhances the biocompatibility of the composites. Our results showed that GdW10@PDA-CAT composites increased the efficiency of radiotherapy in HT29 cells in culture. This polyoxometalates and O2 self-supplement composites provide a promising radiosensitizer for the radiotherapy field.
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Bavelaar BM, Song L, Jackson MR, Able S, Tietz O, Skaripa-Koukelli I, Waghorn PA, Gill MR, Carlisle RC, Tarsounas M, Vallis KA. Oligonucleotide-Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Synchronous Telomerase Inhibition, Radiosensitization, and Delivery of Theranostic Radionuclides. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3820-3831. [PMID: 34449222 PMCID: PMC8493550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Telomerase represents an attractive target in oncology as it is expressed in cancer but not in normal tissues. The oligonucleotide inhibitors of telomerase represent a promising anticancer strategy, although poor cellular uptake can restrict their efficacy. In this study, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used to enhance oligonucleotide uptake. "match" oligonucleotides complementary to the telomerase RNA template subunit (hTR) and "scramble" (control) oligonucleotides were conjugated to diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA) for 111In-labeling. AuNPs (15.5 nm) were decorated with a monofunctional layer of oligonucleotides (ON-AuNP) or a multifunctional layer of oligonucleotides, PEG(polethylene glycol)800-SH (to reduce AuNP aggregation) and the cell-penetrating peptide Tat (ON-AuNP-Tat). Match-AuNP enhanced the cellular uptake of radiolabeled oligonucleotides while retaining the ability to inhibit telomerase activity. The addition of Tat to AuNPs increased nuclear localization. 111In-Match-AuNP-Tat induced DNA double-strand breaks and caused a dose-dependent reduction in clonogenic survival of telomerase-positive cells but not telomerase-negative cells. hTR inhibition has been reported to sensitize cancer cells to ionizing radiation, and 111In-Match-AuNP-Tat therefore holds promise as a vector for delivery of radionuclides into cancer cells while simultaneously sensitizing them to the effects of the emitted radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas M. Bavelaar
- Oxford
Institute for Radiation Oncology, University
of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.
| | - Lei Song
- Oxford
Institute for Radiation Oncology, University
of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.
| | - Mark R. Jackson
- Institute
of Cancer Sciences, Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, University of Glasgow, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K.
| | - Sarah Able
- Oxford
Institute for Radiation Oncology, University
of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.
| | - Ole Tietz
- Oxford
Institute for Radiation Oncology, University
of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.
| | - Irini Skaripa-Koukelli
- Oxford
Institute for Radiation Oncology, University
of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.
| | - Philip A. Waghorn
- Charles
River Laboratories, Elphinstone Research Centre, Elphinstone, Tranent EH33 2NE, U.K.
| | - Martin R. Gill
- Oxford
Institute for Radiation Oncology, University
of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.
| | - Robert C. Carlisle
- Institute
of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.
| | - Madalena Tarsounas
- Oxford
Institute for Radiation Oncology, University
of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.
| | - Katherine A. Vallis
- Oxford
Institute for Radiation Oncology, University
of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K.
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Spitzner M, Emons G, Schütz KB, Wolff HA, Rieken S, Ghadimi BM, Schneider G, Grade M. Inhibition of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Sensitizes Esophageal Cancer Cells to Chemoradiotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910301. [PMID: 34638639 PMCID: PMC8509072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard treatment of locally advanced esophageal cancer comprises multimodal treatment concepts including preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by radical surgical resection. However, despite intensified treatment approaches, 5-year survival rates are still low. Therefore, new strategies are required to overcome treatment resistance, and to improve patients’ outcome. In this study, we investigated the impact of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on CRT resistance in esophageal cancer cells. Experiments were conducted in adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with varying expression levels of Wnt proteins and Wnt/β-catenin signaling activities. To investigate the effect of Wnt/β-catenin signaling on CRT responsiveness, we genetically or pharmacologically inhibited Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our experiments revealed that inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling sensitizes cell lines with robust pathway activity to CRT. In conclusion, Wnt/β-catenin activity may guide precision therapies in esophageal carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Spitzner
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.E.); (K.B.S.); (B.M.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Georg Emons
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.E.); (K.B.S.); (B.M.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Karl Burkhard Schütz
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.E.); (K.B.S.); (B.M.G.); (G.S.)
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sankt Georg Medical Centre and Hospital, 04129 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hendrik A. Wolff
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (H.A.W.); (S.R.)
- Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy, Radiology Munich, 80331 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Rieken
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (H.A.W.); (S.R.)
| | - B. Michael Ghadimi
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.E.); (K.B.S.); (B.M.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Günter Schneider
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.E.); (K.B.S.); (B.M.G.); (G.S.)
| | - Marian Grade
- Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany; (M.S.); (G.E.); (K.B.S.); (B.M.G.); (G.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-551-39-67809
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Ma X, Lee C, Zhang T, Cai J, Wang H, Jiang F, Wu Z, Xie J, Jiang G, Li Z. Image-guided selection of Gd@C-dots as sensitizers to improve radiotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:284. [PMID: 34551763 PMCID: PMC8456633 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01018-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, gadolinium-intercalated carbon dots (Gd@C-dots) have demonstrated potential advantages over traditional high-Z nanoparticles (HZNPs) as radiosensitizers due to their high stability, minimal metal leakage, and remarkable efficacy. RESULTS In this work, two Gd@C-dots formulations were fabricated which bore carboxylic acid (CA-Gd@C-dots) or amino group (pPD-Gd@C-dots), respectively, on the carbon shell. While it is critical to develop innovative nanomateirals for cancer therapy, determining their tumor accumulation and retention is equally important. Therefore, in vivo positron emission tomography (PET) was performed, which found that 64Cu-labeled pPD-Gd@C-dots demonstrated significantly improved tumor retention (up to 48 h post injection) compared with CA-Gd@C-dots. Indeed, cell uptake of 64Cu-pPD-Gd@C-dots reached close to 60% of total dose compared with ~ 5% of 64Cu-CA-Gd@C-dots. pPD-Gd@C-dots was therefore further evaluated as a new radiosensitizer for non-small cell lung cancer treatment. While single dose radiation plus intratumorally injected pPD-Gd@C-dots did lead to improved tumor suppression, the inhibition effect was further improved with two doses of radiation. The persistent retention of pPD-Gd@C-dots in tumor region eliminates the need of reinjecting radiosensitizer for the second radiation. CONCLUSIONS PET offers a simple and straightforward way to study nanoparticle retention in vivo, and the selected pPD-Gd@C-dots hold great potential as an effective radiosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Xingang Middle Road, Haizhu District, Guangdong Province, 510317, Guangzhou City, People's Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Chaebin Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jinghua Cai
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Fangchao Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Zhanhong Wu
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Jin Xie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, 140 Cedar Street, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
| | - Guihua Jiang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Xingang Middle Road, Haizhu District, Guangdong Province, 510317, Guangzhou City, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zibo Li
- Department of Radiology, Biomedical Research Imaging Center, and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 125 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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30
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Zhang P, Yu B, Jin X, Zhao T, Ye F, Liu X, Li P, Zheng X, Chen W, Li Q. Therapeutic Efficacy of Carbon Ion Irradiation Enhanced by 11-MUA-Capped Gold Nanoparticles: An in vitro and in vivo Study. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:4661-4674. [PMID: 34262274 PMCID: PMC8275145 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s313678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely studied as radiosensitizers, but their radiosensitization in carbon ion radiotherapy is unsatisfactory. There is a lack of in vivo data on the radiosensitization of AuNPs under carbon ion irradiation. This study focused on the radiosensitization effect of AuNPs in the mouse melanoma cell line B16-F10 in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA)-coated gold (Au) nanoparticles (mAuNPs) formulations were prepared and characterized. To verify the radiosensitization effect of mAuNPs, hydroxyl radicals were generated in aqueous solution, and the detection of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and clone survival were carried out in vitro. The tumor growth rate (TGR) and survival of mice were analyzed to verify the radiosensitization effect of mAuNPs in vivo. The apoptosis of tumor cells was detected, and the expression of key proteins in the apoptosis pathway was verified by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The intracellular ROS level in B16-F10 cells was enhanced by mAuNPs under carbon ion irradiation. The sensitization rate of mAuNPs was 1.22 with a 10% cell survival rate. Compared with irradiation alone, the inhibitory effect of mAuNPs combined with carbon ion irradiation on tumor growth was 1.94-fold higher, the survival time of mice was prolonged by 1.75-fold, and the number of apoptotic cells was increased by 1.43-fold. The ratio of key proteins Bax and Bcl2 in the apoptosis pathway was up-regulated, and the expression of caspase-3, a key executor of the apoptosis pathway, was up-regulated. CONCLUSION In in vivo and in vitro experiments, mAuNPs showed radiosensitivity to carbon ion irradiation. The sensitization effect of mAuNPs on mice tumor may be achieved by activating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and increasing tumor tissue apoptosis. To our best knowledge, the present study is the first in vivo evidence for radiosensitization of mAuNPs in tumor-bearing mice exposed to carbon ion irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Boyi Yu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Jin
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fei Ye
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiongxiong Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaogang Zheng
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiqiang Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Biology and Medicine of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Basic Research on Heavy Ion Radiation Application in Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
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31
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Arab-Bafrani Z, Zabihi E, Jafari SM, Khoshbin-Khoshnazar A, Mousavi E, Khalili M, Babaei A. Enhanced radiotherapy efficacy of breast cancer multi cellular tumor spheroids through in-situ fabricated chitosan-zinc oxide bio-nanocomposites as radio-sensitizing agents. Int J Pharm 2021; 605:120828. [PMID: 34174360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Overwhelming evidence has shown that three-dimensional multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) as a mimic of in-vivo tumor can accurately exhibit cellular responses to treatments. So, we compared the capability of pure zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and chitosan-ZnO bio-nanocomposites (CS-ZnO BNCs) for enhancing the radiosensitization of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (BCCs) in the 3D-MCTSs model. ZnO-NPs and CS-ZnO BNCs were synthesized by a facile co-precipitation method. FE-SEM images revealed that the uniform spherical ZnO-NPs with an average diameter of 35 nm were successfully dispersed on chitosan. MDA-MB-231 MCTSs which were formed in a non-adherent culture plate, possessed functional features of in-vivo tumor. The priority of such culture method to conventionally used 2D monolayer (or parental) cell culture is the mimicking of tumor microenvironment. The toxicity of CS-ZnO BNCs and ZnO-NPs against the MDA-M-231 BCCs was evaluated using MTT-colorimetric assay, which demonstrated superior biocompatibility of CS-ZnO BNCs compared to pure ZnO-NPs (even at high concentration of 100 μg/mL). Survival fraction analysis of cells under clinical X-ray irradiation (6 MV) showed that MCTSs had a higher radioresistance compared to parental cells. Besides, the clonogenic potential of irradiated MCTSs was significantly decreased by the addition of CS-ZnO BNCs similar to that of monolayer cells. The sensitivity enhancement ratios (SER) for MCTSs and monolayer cells were calculated 1.5 and 1.63, respectively. Further, tracking of radiobiological properties and apoptosis induction of MCTSs showed that CS-ZnO BNCs not only could lead to the creation of higher radiation-induced complex DNA break and apoptosis death in MCTSs, but also weakened DNA repair mechanisms. It was found that non-toxic concentration of CS-ZnO BNCs has promising potential to enhance radiosensitivity of resistant-MCTSs as a superior in-vitro tumor model. So, CS-ZnO BNCs can be a prominent candidate for overcoming the resistance of BCCs to radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Arab-Bafrani
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Erfan Zabihi
- Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Seid Mahdi Jafari
- Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Alireza Khoshbin-Khoshnazar
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Elham Mousavi
- Medical Mycology and Bacteriology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohsen Khalili
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Amir Babaei
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran
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32
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Kim H, Sung W, Ye SJ. Microdosimetric-Kinetic Model for Radio-enhancement of Gold Nanoparticles: Comparison with LEM. Radiat Res 2021; 195:293-300. [PMID: 33400779 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00223.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have strongly supported the application of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as radio-enhanced agents. In our previous study, the local effect model (LEM I) was adopted to predict the cell survival for MDA-MB-231 cells exposed to 150 kVp X rays after 500 µg/ml GNPs treatment. However, microdosimetric quantities could not be obtained, which were correlated with biological effects on cells. Thus, we developed microdosimetric kinetic model (MKM) for GNP radio-enhancement (GNP-MKM), which uses the microdosimetric quantities such as dose-mean lineal energy with subcellular domain size. Using the Monte Carlo simulation tool Geant4, we estimated the dose-mean lineal energy with secondary radiations from GNPs and absorbed dose in the nucleus. The variations in MKM parameters for different domain sizes, and GNP concentrations, were calculated to compare the survival fractions predicted by both models. With a domain radius of 500 nm and a threshold dose of 20 Gy, the sensitizer enhancement ratio predicted by GNP-MKM and GNP-LEM was 1.41 and 1.29, respectively. The GNP-MKM predictions were much more strongly dependent on the domain size than were the GNP-LEM on the threshold dose. These findings provide another method to predict survival fraction for the GNP radio-enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Kim
- Program in Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wonmo Sung
- Program in Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sung-Joon Ye
- Program in Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Robotics Research Laboratory for Extreme Environment, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea
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Bavoux M, Kamio Y, Vigneux-Foley E, Lafontaine J, Najyb O, Refet-Mollof E, Carrier JF, Gervais T, Wong P. X-ray on chip: Quantifying therapeutic synergies between radiotherapy and anticancer drugs using soft tissue sarcoma tumor spheroids. Radiother Oncol 2021; 157:175-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2021.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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34
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Moradi F, Rezaee Ebrahim Saraee K, Abdul Sani S, Bradley D. Metallic nanoparticle radiosensitization: The role of Monte Carlo simulations towards progress. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2020.109294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Modulating the unfolded protein response with ONC201 to impact on radiation response in prostate cancer cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4252. [PMID: 33608585 PMCID: PMC7896060 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous cancer in men and a notable cause of cancer mortality when it metastasises. The unfolded protein response (UPR) can be cytoprotective but when acutely activated can lead to cell death. In this study, we sought to enhance the acute activation of the UPR using radiation and ONC201, an UPR activator. Treating PCa cells with ONC201 quickly increased the expression of all the key regulators of the UPR and reduced the oxidative phosphorylation, with cell death occurring 72 h later. We exploited this time lag to sensitize prostate cancer cells to radiation through short-term treatment with ONC201. To understand how priming occurred, we performed RNA-Seq analysis and found that ONC201 suppressed the expression of cell cycle and DNA repair factors. In conclusion, we have shown that ONC201 can prime enhanced radiation response.
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Sayed HM, Said MM, Morcos NYS, El Gawish MA, Ismail AFM. Antitumor and Radiosensitizing Effects of Zinc Oxide-Caffeic Acid Nanoparticles against Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma in Female Mice. Integr Cancer Ther 2021; 20:15347354211021920. [PMID: 34105411 PMCID: PMC8193661 DOI: 10.1177/15347354211021920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the anticancer and radio-sensitizing efficacy of Zinc Oxide-Caffeic Acid Nanoparticles (ZnO-CA NPs). ZnO-CA NPs were formulated by the conjugation of Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with caffeic acid (CA) that were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FT-IR), X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). In vitro anticancer potential of ZnO-CA NPs was evaluated by assessing cell viability in the human breast (MCF-7) and hepatocellular (HepG2) carcinoma cell lines. In vivo anticancer and radio-sensitizing effects of ZnO-CA NPs in solid Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice (EC mice) were also assessed. Treatment of EC mice with ZnO-CA NPs resulted in a considerable decline in tumor size and weight, down-regulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) gene expressions, decreased vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) level, downregulation of phosphorylated-extracellular-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (p-ERK1/2) protein expression, DNA fragmentation and a recognizable peak at sub-G0/G1 indicating dead cells' population in cancer tissues. Combined treatment of ZnO-CA NPs with γ-irradiation improved these effects. In conclusion: ZnO-CA NPs exhibit in-vitro as well as in-vivo antitumor activity, which is augmented by exposure of mice to γ-irradiation. Further explorations are warranted previous to clinical application of ZnO-CA NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayam M. Sayed
- Radiation Biology Department, National
Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority,
Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Said
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of
Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia Y. S. Morcos
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of
Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A. El Gawish
- Radiation Biology Department, National
Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority,
Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amel F. M. Ismail
- Drug Radiation Research Department,
National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy
Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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Anuje M, Pawaskar P, Sivan A, Lokhande C, Ahmed I, Patil D. Use of Poly (Ethylene Glycol) Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Radio Sensitizer in Enhancing Colorectal Cancer Radiation Efficacy. J Med Phys 2021; 46:278-285. [PMID: 35261497 PMCID: PMC8853453 DOI: 10.4103/jmp.jmp_15_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGORUND The aim of the radiotherapy is to deliver a lethal dose to tumor while reducing the impact on the normal tissue. This reduction in impact can be achieved to have a greater therapeutic ratio by using nanoparticles as radiosensitizer. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this article, the potential role of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as radiosensitization enhancer on HT 29 cell lines for different concentrations (0.007to 0.25 mg/ml) and different radiation doses (0.5to 2 Gy) of 6MV photon beam is presented. RESULTS The highest sensitization enhancement ratio (SER) value was observed with 2 Gy for 0.25 mg/ml concentration. Radio sensitization increases with increase in the concentration of nanoparticles. Combination of 6MV energy radiation and polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated SPIONs results in increasing cell killing of HT 29 as compared to cell killing with radiation therapy alone. CONCLUSION The results reveal that PEG coated nanoparticle might be a potential candidate to work as radiotherapy sensitizer in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Anuje
- Department of Medical Physics, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, DY Patil Education Society (Deemed to be) University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India,Integrated Cancer Treatment and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Padamaja Pawaskar
- Department of Medical Physics, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, DY Patil Education Society (Deemed to be) University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Padamaja Pawaskar, Department of Medical Physics, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, DY Patil Education Society (Deemed to be) University, Kolhapur - 416 006, Maharashtra, India. E-mail:
| | - Ajay Sivan
- Integrated Cancer Treatment and Research Centre, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chandrakant Lokhande
- Department of Medical Physics, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, DY Patil Education Society (Deemed to be) University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Imtiaz Ahmed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, KLES Belgaum Cancer Hospital, Belgaum, Karnataka, India
| | - Dhanashree Patil
- Dr. Prabhakar Kore Basic Science Research Centre, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research (KLE University), Belgaum, Karnataka, India
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Traver G, Sekhar KR, Crooks PA, Keeney DS, Freeman ML. Targeting NPM1 in irradiated cells inhibits NPM1 binding to RAD51, RAD51 foci formation and radiosensitizes NSCLC. Cancer Lett 2020; 500:220-227. [PMID: 33358698 PMCID: PMC7822076 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2020.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ability of chemo-radiation therapy to control locally advanced stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is poor. While addition of consolidation immunotherapy has improved outcomes in subsets of patients there is still an urgent need for new therapeutic targets. Emerging research indicates that nucleophosmin1 (NPM1) is over-expressed in NSCLC, promotes tumor growth and that over-expression correlates with a lower survival probability. NPM1 is critical for APE1 base excision activity and for RAD51-mediated repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). YTR107 is a small molecule radiation sensitizer that has been shown to bind to NPM1, suppressing pentamer formation. Here we show that in irradiated cells YTR107 inhibits SUMOylated NPM1 from associating with RAD51, RAD51 foci formation and repair of DSBs. YTR107 acts synergistically with the PARP1/2 inhibitor ABT 888 to increase replication stress and radiation-induced cell lethality. YTR107 was found to radiosensitize tumor initiating cells. Congruent with this knowledge, adding YTR107 to a fractionated irradiation regimen diminished NSCLC xenograft growth and increased overall survival. These data support the hypothesis that YTR107 represents a therapeutic target for control of NSCLC.
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MESH Headings
- Barbiturates/pharmacology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/radiotherapy
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded/radiation effects
- DNA Repair/drug effects
- DNA Repair/radiation effects
- DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase/genetics
- Humans
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/drug therapy
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/pathology
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/radiotherapy
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nucleophosmin
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1/genetics
- Rad51 Recombinase/genetics
- Radiation Tolerance/drug effects
- Radiation-Sensitizing Agents/pharmacology
- Sumoylation/drug effects
- Sumoylation/radiation effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Geri Traver
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Konjeti R Sekhar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Peter A Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR72205, USA
| | - Diane S Keeney
- Cumberland Emerging Technologies, Inc., 2525 West End Ave, Suite 950, Nashville, TN, 37203-1608, USA
| | - Michael L Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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On the Primary Water Radicals' Production in the Presence of Gold Nanoparticles: Electron Pulse Radiolysis Study. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10122478. [PMID: 33321905 PMCID: PMC7763946 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles are known to cause a radiosensitizing effect, which is a promising way to improve radiation therapy. However, the radiosensitization mechanism is not yet fully understood. It is currently assumed that gold nanoparticles can influence various physical, chemical, and biological processes. Pulse radiolysis is a powerful tool that can examine one of the proposed effects of gold nanoparticles, such as increased free radical production. In this work, we shed light on the consequence of ionizing radiation interaction with gold nanoparticles by direct measurements of solvated electrons using the pulse radiolysis technique. We found that at a therapeutically relevant gold concentration (<3 mM atomic gold, <600 μg × cm−3), the presence of gold nanoparticles in solution does not induce higher primary radicals’ formation. This result contradicts some hypotheses about free radical formation in the presence of gold nanoparticles under ionizing radiation previously reported in the literature.
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Clement S, Campbell JM, Deng W, Guller A, Nisar S, Liu G, Wilson BC, Goldys EM. Mechanisms for Tuning Engineered Nanomaterials to Enhance Radiation Therapy of Cancer. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2003584. [PMID: 33344143 PMCID: PMC7740107 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterials that produce reactive oxygen species on exposure to X- and gamma-rays used in radiation therapy offer promise of novel cancer treatment strategies. Similar to photodynamic therapy but suitable for large and deep tumors, this new approach where nanomaterials acting as sensitizing agents are combined with clinical radiation can be effective at well-tolerated low radiation doses. Suitably engineered nanomaterials can enhance cancer radiotherapy by increasing the tumor selectivity and decreasing side effects. Additionally, the nanomaterial platform offers therapeutically valuable functionalities, including molecular targeting, drug/gene delivery, and adaptive responses to trigger drug release. The potential of such nanomaterials to be combined with radiotherapy is widely recognized. In order for further breakthroughs to be made, and to facilitate clinical translation, the applicable principles and fundamentals should be articulated. This review focuses on mechanisms underpinning rational nanomaterial design to enhance radiation therapy, the understanding of which will enable novel ways to optimize its therapeutic efficacy. A roadmap for designing nanomaterials with optimized anticancer performance is also shown and the potential clinical significance and future translation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Clement
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BiophotonicsThe Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesHigh StreetKensingtonNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Jared M. Campbell
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BiophotonicsThe Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesHigh StreetKensingtonNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Wei Deng
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BiophotonicsThe Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesHigh StreetKensingtonNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Anna Guller
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BiophotonicsThe Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesHigh StreetKensingtonNew South Wales2052Australia
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineSechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)Trubetskaya StreetMoscow119991Russia
| | - Saadia Nisar
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BiophotonicsThe Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesHigh StreetKensingtonNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Guozhen Liu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BiophotonicsThe Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesHigh StreetKensingtonNew South Wales2052Australia
| | - Brian C. Wilson
- Department of Medical BiophysicsUniversity of Toronto/Princess Margaret Cancer CentreUniversity Health NetworkColledge StreetTorontoOntarioON M5G 2C1Canada
| | - Ewa M. Goldys
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BiophotonicsThe Graduate School of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesHigh StreetKensingtonNew South Wales2052Australia
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Morozov VN, Belousov AV, Zverev VI, Shtil AA, Kolyvanova MA, Krivoshapkin PV. The Prospects of Metal Oxide Nanoradiosensitizers: The Effect of the Elemental Composition of Particles and Characteristics of Radiation Sources on Enhancement of the Adsorbed Dose. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350920040107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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42
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Torrisi F, Vicario N, Spitale FM, Cammarata FP, Minafra L, Salvatorelli L, Russo G, Cuttone G, Valable S, Gulino R, Magro G, Parenti R. The Role of Hypoxia and SRC Tyrosine Kinase in Glioblastoma Invasiveness and Radioresistance. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2860. [PMID: 33020459 PMCID: PMC7599682 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in functional imaging are supporting neurosurgery and radiotherapy for glioblastoma, which still remains the most aggressive brain tumor with poor prognosis. The typical infiltration pattern of glioblastoma, which impedes a complete surgical resection, is coupled with a high rate of invasiveness and radioresistance, thus further limiting efficient therapy, leading to inevitable and fatal recurrences. Hypoxia is of crucial importance in gliomagenesis and, besides reducing radiotherapy efficacy, also induces cellular and molecular mediators that foster proliferation and invasion. In this review, we aimed at analyzing the biological mechanism of glioblastoma invasiveness and radioresistance in hypoxic niches of glioblastoma. We also discussed the link between hypoxia and radiation-induced radioresistance with activation of SRC proto-oncogene non-receptor tyrosine kinase, prospecting potential strategies to overcome the current limitation in glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Torrisi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.); (F.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.); (F.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Federica M. Spitale
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.); (F.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Francesco P. Cammarata
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (L.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Luigi Minafra
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (L.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Lucia Salvatorelli
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele” Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Giorgio Russo
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council, IBFM-CNR, 90015 Cefalù, Italy; (L.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Giacomo Cuttone
- National Laboratory of South, National Institute for Nuclear Physics (LNS-INFN), 95125 Catania, Italy;
| | - Samuel Valable
- ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP Cyceron, CEA, CNRS, Normandie Université, UNICAEN, 14074 Caen, France;
| | - Rosario Gulino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.); (F.M.S.); (R.G.)
| | - Gaetano Magro
- Department G.F. Ingrassia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele” Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (L.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences (BIOMETEC), Section of Physiology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (F.T.); (N.V.); (F.M.S.); (R.G.)
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Penninckx S, Heuskin AC, Michiels C, Lucas S. Gold Nanoparticles as a Potent Radiosensitizer: A Transdisciplinary Approach from Physics to Patient. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2021. [PMID: 32718058 PMCID: PMC7464732 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, a growing interest in the improvement of radiation therapies has led to the development of gold-based nanomaterials as radiosensitizer. Although the radiosensitization effect was initially attributed to a dose enhancement mechanism, an increasing number of studies challenge this mechanistic hypothesis and evidence the importance of chemical and biological contributions. Despite extensive experimental validation, the debate regarding the mechanism(s) of gold nanoparticle radiosensitization is limiting its clinical translation. This article reviews the current state of knowledge by addressing how gold nanoparticles exert their radiosensitizing effects from a transdisciplinary perspective. We also discuss the current and future challenges to go towards a successful clinical translation of this promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Penninckx
- Research Center for the Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR-LARN), Namur Research Institute For Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium; (S.P.); (A.-C.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Anne-Catherine Heuskin
- Research Center for the Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR-LARN), Namur Research Institute For Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium; (S.P.); (A.-C.H.); (S.L.)
| | - Carine Michiels
- Unité de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire (URBC), Namur Research Institute For Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Lucas
- Research Center for the Physics of Matter and Radiation (PMR-LARN), Namur Research Institute For Life Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur, Rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium; (S.P.); (A.-C.H.); (S.L.)
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Neuer AL, Gerken LRH, Keevend K, Gogos A, Herrmann IK. Uptake, distribution and radio-enhancement effects of gold nanoparticles in tumor microtissues. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2020; 2:2992-3001. [PMID: 36132396 PMCID: PMC9417636 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00256a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is an integral and highly effective part of cancer therapy, applicable in over 50% of patients affected by cancer. Due to the low specificity of the X-ray irradiation, the maximal radiation dose is greatly limited in order to avoid damage to surrounding healthy tissue. The limitations in applicable dose oftentimes result in the survival of a subpopulation of radio-resistant cells that then cause cancer reoccurence. Approaches based on tumor-targeted high atomic number inorganic nanoparticles have been proposed to locally increase the photoelectric absorption cross-section of tumors relative to healthy tissue. However, the complex interplay between the nanoparticle radio-enhancers and the tumor tissue has led to poor translation of in vitro findings to (pre)clinics. Here, we report the development of a tumor microtissue model along with analytical imaging for the quantitative assessment of nanoparticle-based radio-enhancement as a function of nanoparticle size, uptake and intratissural distribution. The advanced in vitro model exhibits key features of cancerous tissues, including diminished susceptibility to drugs and attenuated response to nanoparticle treatment compared to corresponding conventional 2D cell cultures. Whereas radio-enhancement effects between 2D and 3D cell cultures were comparable for 5 nm gold particles, the limited penetration of 50 nm gold nanoparticles into 3D microtissues led to a significantly reduced radio-enhancement effect in 3D compared to 2D. Taken together, tumor microtissues, which in stark contrast to 2D cell culture exhibit tissue-like features, may provide a valuable high-throughput intermediate pre-selection step in the preclinical translation of nanoparticle-based radio-enhancement therapy designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Neuer
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 CH-9014 St. Gallen Switzerland +41 58 765 7153
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich Sonneggstrasse 3 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Lukas R H Gerken
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 CH-9014 St. Gallen Switzerland +41 58 765 7153
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich Sonneggstrasse 3 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Kerda Keevend
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 CH-9014 St. Gallen Switzerland +41 58 765 7153
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich Sonneggstrasse 3 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Alexander Gogos
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 CH-9014 St. Gallen Switzerland +41 58 765 7153
| | - Inge K Herrmann
- Laboratory for Particles Biology Interactions, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) Lerchenfeldstrasse 5 CH-9014 St. Gallen Switzerland +41 58 765 7153
- Nanoparticle Systems Engineering Laboratory, Institute of Energy and Process Engineering, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich Sonneggstrasse 3 CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
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Chong Y, Huang J, Xu X, Yu C, Ning X, Fan S, Zhang Z. Hyaluronic Acid-Modified Au-Ag Alloy Nanoparticles for Radiation/Nanozyme/Ag + Multimodal Synergistically Enhanced Cancer Therapy. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1756-1765. [PMID: 32463680 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been widely documented as tumor radiosensitizers via enhanced energy deposition of ionizing radiation. However, the sensitization efficiency of AuNPs is still far from satisfactory owing to the irradiation on nontarget tissues and the tumor radio-resistance. To address these issues, we report herein the rational design and development of hyaluronic acid-modified Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles (Au-Ag@HA NPs) with effective tumor radiosensitization by receptor mediated tumor targeting as well as microenvironment-activated hydroxyl radicals (•OH) generation. In our work, Au-Ag@HA NPs were synthesized by the coreduction of HAuCl4 and AgNO3 in the presence of trisodium citrate, followed by surface modification of HA to the Au-Ag alloy NPs. HA modification affords the alloy NPs with specific targeting to 4T1 breast cancer cells overexpressing CD44 receptor, while the introduction of Ag atom imparts the alloy NPs with superior multienzyme-like activities to the monometallic AuNPs for efficient tumor catalytic therapy. More importantly, the ionizing radiation and peroxidase-like activity of Au-Ag@HA NPs boost the production of •OH and the release of toxic Ag+ in the tumor sites, thereby leading to effective tumor therapeutic outcome. This work provides a promising treatment paradigm for radiation/nanozyme/Ag+ combined therapy against cancer and will advance the design and development of multifunctional nanoplatforms for synergetically enhanced tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School for Radiological and interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jie Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Chenggong Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xingyu Ning
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science/Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Lin YJ, Chen CC, Nguyen D, Su HR, Lin KJ, Chen HL, Hu YJ, Lai PL, Sung HW. Biomimetic Engineering of a Scavenger-Free Nitric Oxide-Generating/Delivering System to Enhance Radiation Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000655. [PMID: 32363753 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent tumor-cell radiosensitizer but it can be readily scavenged by hemoglobin (Hb) in vivo. A biomimetic incubator that can generate and deliver NO in a scavenger (Hb)-free environment to enhance its radiosensitizing effect to maximize its efficacy in radiotherapy is proposed. This NO incubator comprises a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) hollow microsphere (HM) that contains an NO donor (NONOate) and a surfactant molecule (sodium caprate, SC) in its aqueous core. In acidic tumorous environments, the PLGA shell of the HM allows the penetration of protons from the outside, activating the hydrolytic cleavage of NONOate, spontaneously generating NO bubbles, which are immediately trapped/stabilized by SC. The SC-stabilized NO bubbles in the HM are then squeezed through the spaces of its PLGA matrices by the elevated internal pressure. Upon leaving the HM, the entrapped NO molecules may passively diffuse through their SC-stabilized/protected layer gradually to the tumor site, having a long-lasting radiosensitizing effect and inhibiting tumor growth. The entire process of NO generation and delivery is conducted in a scavenger (Hb)-free environment, mimicking the development of young ovoviviparous fish inside their mothers' bodies in the absence of predators before birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jung Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30013, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Chieh Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30013, Republic of China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bone and Joint Research Center and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 33305, Republic of China
| | - Dang Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30013, Republic of China
| | - Huei-Rou Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30013, Republic of China
| | - Kun-Ju Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bone and Joint Research Center and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 33305, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Lung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30013, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jung Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bone and Joint Research Center and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 33305, Republic of China
| | - Po-Liang Lai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bone and Joint Research Center and Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, 33305, Republic of China
| | - Hsing-Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, 30013, Republic of China
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Subiel A, Silvestre Patallo I, Palmans H, Barry M, Tulk A, Soultanidis G, Greenman J, Green VL, Cawthorne C, Schettino G. The influence of lack of reference conditions on dosimetry in pre-clinical radiotherapy with medium energy x-ray beams. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:085016. [PMID: 32109893 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ab7b30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite well-established dosimetry in clinical radiotherapy, dose measurements in pre-clinical and radiobiology studies are frequently inadequate, thus undermining the reliability and reproducibility of published findings. The lack of suitable dosimetry protocols, coupled with the increasing complexity of pre-clinical irradiation platforms, undermines confidence in preclinical studies and represents a serious obstacle in the translation to clinical practice. To accurately measure output of a pre-clinical radiotherapy unit, appropriate Codes of Practice (CoP) for medium energy x-rays needs to be employed. However, determination of absorbed dose to water (Dw) relies on application of backscatter factor (Bw) employing in-air method or carrying out in-phantom measurement at the reference depth of 2 cm in a full backscatter (i.e. 30 × 30 × 30 cm3) condition. Both of these methods require thickness of at least 30 cm of underlying material, which are never fulfilled in typical pre-clinical irradiations. This work is focused on evaluation the effects of the lack of recommended reference conditions in dosimetry measurements for pre-clinical settings and is aimed at extending the recommendations of the current CoP to practical experimental conditions and highlighting the potential impact of the lack of correct backscatter considerations on radiobiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Subiel
- National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LW, United Kingdom. Author to whom any correspondence should be addressed
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Ahmad R, Schettino G, Royle G, Barry M, Pankhurst QA, Tillement O, Russell B, Ricketts K. Radiobiological Implications of Nanoparticles Following Radiation Treatment. PARTICLE & PARTICLE SYSTEMS CHARACTERIZATION : MEASUREMENT AND DESCRIPTION OF PARTICLE PROPERTIES AND BEHAVIOR IN POWDERS AND OTHER DISPERSE SYSTEMS 2020; 37:1900411. [PMID: 34526737 PMCID: PMC8427468 DOI: 10.1002/ppsc.201900411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Materials with a high atomic number (Z) are shown to cause an increase in the level of cell kill by ionizing radiation when introduced into tumor cells. This study uses in vitro experiments to investigate the differences in radiosensitization between two cell lines (MCF-7 and U87) and three commercially available nanoparticles (gold, gadolinium, and iron oxide) irradiated by 6 MV X-rays. To assess cell survival, clonogenic assays are carried out for all variables considered, with a concentration of 0.5 mg mL-1 for each nanoparticle material used. This study demonstrates differences in cell survival between nanoparticles and cell line. U87 shows the greatest enhancement with gadolinium nanoparticles (2.02 ± 0.36), whereas MCF-7 cells have higher enhancement with gold nanoparticles (1.74 ± 0.08). Mass spectrometry, however, shows highest elemental uptake with iron oxide and U87 cells with 4.95 ± 0.82 pg of iron oxide per cell. A complex relationship between cellular elemental uptake is demonstrated, highlighting an inverse correlation with the enhancement, but a positive relation with DNA damage when comparing the same nanoparticle between the two cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Ahmad
- Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUniversity College LondonCharles Bell House, 43–45 Foley StreetLondonW1W 7JNUK
- Medical Radiation Science GroupNational Physical LaboratoryHampton RoadTeddingtonMiddlesexTW11 0LWUK
- Department of Medical Physics and BioengineeringUniversity College LondonMalet Place Engineering Building, Gower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Giuseppe Schettino
- Medical Radiation Science GroupNational Physical LaboratoryHampton RoadTeddingtonMiddlesexTW11 0LWUK
- Radiation and Medical Physics GroupFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of Surrey388 Stag HillGuilfordGU2 7XHUK
| | - Gary Royle
- Department of Medical Physics and BioengineeringUniversity College LondonMalet Place Engineering Building, Gower StreetLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Miriam Barry
- Medical Radiation Science GroupNational Physical LaboratoryHampton RoadTeddingtonMiddlesexTW11 0LWUK
| | - Quentin A. Pankhurst
- Healthcare Biomagnetics LaboratoryUniversity College London21 Albemarle StreetLondonW1S 4BSUK
| | - Olivier Tillement
- Institut Lumière MatièreUniversité Claude Bernard Lyon 1CNRS UMR 5306Villeurbanne69622France
| | - Ben Russell
- Nuclear Metrology GroupNational Physical LaboratoryHampton RoadTeddingtonMiddlesexTW11 0LWUK
| | - Kate Ricketts
- Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceUniversity College LondonCharles Bell House, 43–45 Foley StreetLondonW1W 7JNUK
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Yang X, Salado-Leza D, Porcel E, González-Vargas CR, Savina F, Dragoe D, Remita H, Lacombe S. A Facile One-Pot Synthesis of Versatile PEGylated Platinum Nanoflowers and Their Application in Radiation Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1619. [PMID: 32120829 PMCID: PMC7084439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine has stepped into the spotlight of radiation therapy over the last two decades. Nanoparticles (NPs), especially metallic NPs, can potentiate radiotherapy by specific accumulation into tumors, thus enhancing the efficacy while alleviating the toxicity of radiotherapy. Water radiolysis is a simple, fast and environmentally-friendly method to prepare highly controllable metallic nanoparticles in large scale. In this study, we used this method to prepare biocompatible PEGylated (with Poly(Ethylene Glycol) diamine) platinum nanoflowers (Pt NFs). These nanoagents provide unique surface chemistry, which allows functionalization with various molecules such as fluorescent markers, drugs or radionuclides. The Pt NFs were produced with a controlled aggregation of small Pt subunits through a combination of grafted polymers and radiation-induced polymer cross-linking. Confocal microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy revealed that Pt NFs were localized in the cytoplasm of cervical cancer cells (HeLa) but not in the nucleus. Clonogenic assays revealed that Pt NFs amplify the gamma rays induced killing of HeLa cells with a sensitizing enhancement ratio (SER) of 23%, thus making them promising candidates for future cancer radiation therapy. Furthermore, the efficiency of Pt NFs to induce nanoscopic biomolecular damage by interacting with gamma rays, was evaluated using plasmids as molecular probe. These findings show that the Pt NFs are efficient nano-radio-enhancers. Finally, these NFs could be used to improve not only the performances of radiation therapy treatments but also drug delivery and/or diagnosis when functionalized with various molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomin Yang
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France; (X.Y.); (D.S.-L.); (F.S.)
| | - Daniela Salado-Leza
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France; (X.Y.); (D.S.-L.); (F.S.)
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Cátedras CONACyT, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, Zona Universitaria, San Luis Potosí 78210, S.L.P., Mexico
| | - Erika Porcel
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France; (X.Y.); (D.S.-L.); (F.S.)
| | - César R. González-Vargas
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France; (X.Y.); (D.S.-L.); (F.S.)
| | - Farah Savina
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France; (X.Y.); (D.S.-L.); (F.S.)
| | - Diana Dragoe
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France;
| | - Hynd Remita
- Institut de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, UMR 8000, 91405 Orsay, France;
| | - Sandrine Lacombe
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d’Orsay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France; (X.Y.); (D.S.-L.); (F.S.)
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Gomez-Roman N, Chong MY, Chahal SK, Caragher SP, Jackson MR, Stevenson KH, Dongre SA, Chalmers AJ. Radiation Responses of 2D and 3D Glioblastoma Cells: A Novel, 3D-specific Radioprotective Role of VEGF/Akt Signaling through Functional Activation of NHEJ. Mol Cancer Ther 2020; 19:575-589. [PMID: 31672763 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-1320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is resistant to conventional treatments and has dismal prognosis. Despite promising in vitro data, molecular targeted agents have failed to improve outcomes in patients, indicating that conventional two-dimensional (2D) in vitro models of GBM do not recapitulate the clinical scenario. Responses of primary glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSC) to radiation in combination with EGFR, VEGF, and Akt inhibition were investigated in conventional 2D cultures and a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model of GBM that recapitulates key GBM clinical features. VEGF deprivation had no effect on radiation responses of 2D GSCs, but enhanced radiosensitivity of GSC cultures in 3D. The opposite effects were observed for EGFR inhibition. Detailed analysis of VEGF and EGF signaling demonstrated a radioprotective role of Akt that correlates with VEGF in 3D and with EGFR in 2D. In all cases, positive correlations were observed between increased radiosensitivity, markers of unrepaired DNA damage and persistent phospho-DNA-PK nuclear foci. Conversely, increased numbers of Rad51 foci were observed in radioresistant populations, indicating a novel role for VEGF/Akt signaling in influencing radiosensitivity by regulating the balance between nonhomologous end-joining and homologous recombination-mediated DNA repair. Differential activation of tyrosine kinase receptors in 2D and 3D models of GBM explains the well documented discrepancy between preclinical and clinical effects of EGFR inhibitors. Data obtained from our 3D model identify novel determinants and mechanisms of DNA repair and radiosensitivity in GBM, and confirm Akt as a promising therapeutic target in this cancer of unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natividad Gomez-Roman
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Ming Y Chong
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sandeep K Chahal
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Seamus P Caragher
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mark R Jackson
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina H Stevenson
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sidhartha A Dongre
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Chalmers
- Wolfson Wohl Translational Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
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