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Johanssen VA, Ruan JL, Vince O, Thomas A, Peeters S, Soto MS, Buck J, Gray M, Stride E, Sibson NR. Targeted opening of the blood-brain barrier using VCAM-1 functionalised microbubbles and "whole brain" ultrasound. Theranostics 2024; 14:4076-4089. [PMID: 38994029 PMCID: PMC11234285 DOI: 10.7150/thno.93172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic tumours in the brain now represent one of the leading causes of death from cancer. Current treatments are largely ineffective owing to the combination of late diagnosis and poor delivery of therapies across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Conjugating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents with a monoclonal antibody for VCAM-1 (anti-VCAM1) has been shown to enable detection of micrometastases, two to three orders of magnitude smaller in volume than those currently detectable clinically. The aim of this study was to exploit this targeting approach to enable localised and temporary BBB opening at the site of early-stage metastases using functionalised microbubbles and ultrasound. Methods: Microbubbles functionalised with anti-VCAM1 were synthesised and shown to bind to VCAM-1-expressing cells in vitro. Experiments were then conducted in vivo in a unilateral breast cancer brain metastasis mouse model using Gadolinium-DTPA (Gd-DTPA) enhanced MRI to detect BBB opening. Following injection of Gd-DTPA and targeted microbubbles, the whole brain volume was simultaneously exposed to ultrasound (0.5 MHz, 10% duty cycle, 0.7 MPa peak negative pressure, 2 min treatment time). T1-weighted MRI was then performed to identify BBB opening, followed by histological confirmation via immunoglobulin G (IgG) immunohistochemistry. Results: In mice treated with targeted microbubbles and ultrasound, statistically significantly greater extravasation of Gd-DTPA and IgG was observed in the left tumour-bearing hemisphere compared to the right hemisphere 5 min after treatment. No acute adverse effects were observed. There was no investigation of longer term bioeffects owing to the nature of the study. Conclusion: The results demonstrate the feasibility of using targeted microbubbles in combination with low intensity ultrasound to localise opening of the BBB to metastatic sites in the brain. This approach has potential application in the treatment of metastatic tumours whose location cannot be established a priori with conventional imaging methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia-Ling Ruan
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver Vince
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Alec Thomas
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Peeters
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Jessica Buck
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Michael Gray
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Research, University of Oxford, UK
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Santos L, Moreira JN, Abrunhosa A, Gomes C. Brain metastasis: An insight into novel molecular targets for theranostic approaches. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 198:104377. [PMID: 38710296 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases (BrM) are common malignant lesions in the central nervous system, and pose a significant threat in advanced-stage malignancies due to delayed diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. Their distinct genomic profiles underscore the need for molecular profiling to tailor effective treatments. Recent advances in cancer biology have uncovered molecular drivers underlying tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis. This, coupled with the advances in molecular imaging technology and radiotracer synthesis, has paved the way for the development of innovative radiopharmaceuticals with enhanced specificity and affinity for BrM specific targets. Despite the challenges posed by the blood-brain barrier to effective drug delivery, several radiolabeled compounds have shown promise in detecting and targeting BrM. This manuscript provides an overview of the recent advances in molecular biomarkers used in nuclear imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy in both clinical and preclinical settings. Additionally, it explores potential theranostic applications addressing the unique challenges posed by BrM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Santos
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS) and Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - João Nuno Moreira
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology Consortium (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Antero Abrunhosa
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS) and Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research (CIBIT), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Célia Gomes
- Faculty of Medicine, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology Consortium (CIBB), University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra 3000-075, Portugal.
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Cui Z, Wang L, Liu W, Xu D, Zhang T, Ma B, Zhang K, Yuan L, Bing Z, Liu J, Liu B, Wu W, Tian L. Imageable Brachytherapy with Chelator-Free Radiolabeling Hydrogel. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2401438. [PMID: 38744050 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202401438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Brachytherapy stands as an essential clinical approach for combating locally advanced tumors. Here, an injectable brachytherapy hydrogel is developed for the treatment of both local and metastatic tumor. Fe-tannins nanoparticles are efficiently and stably radiolabeled with clinical used therapeutic radionuclides (such as 131I, 90Y, 177Lu, and 225Ac) without a chelator, and then chemically cross-linked with 4-armPEG-SH to form brachytherapy hydrogel. Upon intratumoral administration, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal from ferric ions embedded within the hydrogel directly correlates with the retention dosage of radionuclides, which can real-time monitor radionuclides emitting short-range rays in vivo without penetration limitation during brachytherapy. The hydrogel's design ensures the long-term tumor retention of therapeutic radionuclides, leading to the effective eradication of local tumor. Furthermore, the radiolabeled hydrogel is integrated with an adjuvant to synergize with immune checkpoint blocking therapy, thereby activating potent anti-tumor immune responses and inhibiting metastatic tumor growth. Therefore, this work presents an imageable brachytherapy hydrogel for real-time monitoring therapeutic process, and expands the indications of brachytherapy from treatment of localized tumors to metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhencun Cui
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Gate, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Liqin Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Gate, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Dan Xu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Taofeng Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, 287 Langongping Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Baoliang Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Gate, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Gate, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Lingyan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhitong Bing
- Key Laboratory of Heavy Ion Radiation Medicine, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 509 Nanchang Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Jiangyan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, 82 Cuiying Gate, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bin Liu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, 199 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wangsuo Wu
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Longlong Tian
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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4
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Zaid NRR, Kletting P, Beer AJ, Stallons TAR, Torgue JJ, Glatting G. Mathematical Modeling of In Vivo Alpha Particle Generators and Chelator Stability. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2023; 38:528-535. [PMID: 33481653 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Targeted α particle therapy using long-lived in vivo α particle generators is cytotoxic to target tissues. However, the redistribution of released radioactive daughters through the circulation should be considered. A mathematical model was developed to describe the physicochemical kinetics of 212Pb-labeled pharmaceuticals and its radioactive daughters. Materials and Methods: A bolus of 212Pb-labeled pharmaceuticals injected in a developed compartmental model was simulated. The contributions of chelated and free radionuclides to the total released energy were investigated for different dissociation fractions of 212Bi for different chelators, for example, 36% for DOTA. The compartmental model was applied to describe a 212Bi retention study and to assess the stability of the 212Bi-1,4,7,10-tetrakis(carbamoylmethyl)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane (212Bi-DOTAM) complex after β- decay of 212Pb. Results: The simulation of the injection showed that α emissions contribute 75% to the total released energy, mostly from 212Po (72%). The simulation of the 212Bi retention study showed that (16 ± 5)% of 212Bi atoms dissociate from the 212Bi-DOTAM complexes. The fractions of energies released by free radionuclides were 21% and 38% for DOTAM and DOTA chelators, respectively. Conclusion: The developed α particle generator model allows for simulating the radioactive kinetics of labeled and unlabeled pharmaceuticals being released from the chelating system due to a preceding disintegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouran R R Zaid
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Biophysics and Medical Imaging Program, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Peter Kletting
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ambros J Beer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Gerhard Glatting
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Tronchin S, Forster JC, Hickson K, Bezak E. Dosimetry in targeted alpha therapy. A systematic review: current findings and what is needed. Phys Med Biol 2022; 67. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ac5fe0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective. A systematic review of dosimetry in Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) has been performed, identifying the common issues. Approach. The systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and the literature was searched using the Scopus and PubMed databases. Main results. From the systematic review, three key points should be considered when performing dosimetry in TAT. (1) Biodistribution/Biokinetics: the accuracy of the biodistribution data is a limit to accurate dosimetry in TAT. The biodistribution of alpha-emitting radionuclides throughout the body is difficult to image directly, with surrogate radionuclide imaging, blood/faecal sampling, and animal studies able to provide information. (2) Daughter radionuclides: the decay energy of the alpha-emissions is sufficient to break the bond to the targeting vector, resulting in a release of free daughter radionuclides in the body. Accounting for daughter radionuclide migration is essential. (3) Small-scale dosimetry and microdosimetry: due to the short path length and heterogeneous distribution of alpha-emitters at the target site, small-scale/microdosimetry are important to account for the non-uniform dose distribution in a target region, organ or cell and for assessing the biological effect of alpha-particle radiation. Significance. TAT is a form of cancer treatment capable of delivering a highly localised dose to the tumour environment while sparing the surrounding healthy tissue. Dosimetry is an important part of treatment planning and follow up. Being able to accurately predict the radiation dose to the target region and healthy organs could guide the optimal prescribed activity. Detailed dosimetry models accounting for the three points mentioned above will help give confidence in and guide the clinical application of alpha-emitting radionuclides in targeted cancer therapy.
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6
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Asadian S, Piryaei A, Gheibi N, Aziz Kalantari B, Reza Davarpanah M, Azad M, Kapustina V, Alikhani M, Moghbeli Nejad S, Keshavarz Alikhani H, Mohamadi M, Shpichka A, Timashev P, Hassan M, Vosough M. Rhenium Perrhenate ( 188ReO 4) Induced Apoptosis and Reduced Cancerous Phenotype in Liver Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:305. [PMID: 35053421 PMCID: PMC8774126 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after conventional treatments is a crucial challenge. Despite the promising progress in advanced targeted therapies, HCC is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Radionuclide therapy can potentially be a practical targeted approach to address this concern. Rhenium-188 (188Re) is a β-emitting radionuclide used in the clinic to induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation. Although adherent cell cultures are efficient and reliable, appropriate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) contact is still lacking. Thus, we herein aimed to assess 188Re as a potential therapeutic component for HCC in 2D and 3D models. The death rate in treated Huh7 and HepG2 lines was significantly higher than in untreated control groups using viability assay. After treatment with 188ReO4, Annexin/PI data indicated considerable apoptosis induction in HepG2 cells after 48 h but not Huh7 cells. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting data also showed increased apoptosis in response to 188ReO4 treatment. In Huh7 cells, exposure to an effective dose of 188ReO4 led to cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase. Moreover, colony formation assay confirmed post-exposure growth suppression in Huh7 and HepG2 cells. Then, the immunostaining displayed proliferation inhibition in the 188ReO4-treated cells on 3D scaffolds of liver ECM. The PI3-AKT signaling pathway was activated in 3D culture but not in 2D culture. In nude mice, Huh7 cells treated with an effective dose of 188ReO4 lost their tumor formation ability compared to the control group. These findings suggest that 188ReO4 can be a potential new therapeutic agent against HCC through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and inhibition of tumor formation. This approach can be effectively combined with antibodies and peptides for more selective and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samieh Asadian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199153, Iran; (S.A.); (M.A.); (S.M.N.)
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635148, Iran; (M.A.); (H.K.A.)
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 16123798, Iran;
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 16123798, Iran
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199153, Iran; (S.A.); (M.A.); (S.M.N.)
| | - Bagher Aziz Kalantari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj 16255879, Iran;
| | | | - Mehdi Azad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199153, Iran; (S.A.); (M.A.); (S.M.N.)
| | - Valentina Kapustina
- Department of Internal Medicine N1, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Mehdi Alikhani
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635148, Iran; (M.A.); (H.K.A.)
| | - Sahar Moghbeli Nejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199153, Iran; (S.A.); (M.A.); (S.M.N.)
| | - Hani Keshavarz Alikhani
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635148, Iran; (M.A.); (H.K.A.)
| | - Morteza Mohamadi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 17456987, Iran;
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141-83 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141-83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635148, Iran; (M.A.); (H.K.A.)
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141-83 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141-83 Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Kokov KV, Egorova BV, German MN, Klabukov ID, Krasheninnikov ME, Larkin-Kondrov AA, Makoveeva KA, Ovchinnikov MV, Sidorova MV, Chuvilin DY. 212Pb: Production Approaches and Targeted Therapy Applications. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14010189. [PMID: 35057083 PMCID: PMC8777968 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, targeted alpha therapy has demonstrated its high effectiveness in treating various oncological diseases. Lead-212, with a convenient half-life of 10.64 h, and daughter alpha-emitter short-lived 212Bi (T1/2 = 1 h), provides the possibility for the synthesis and purification of complex radiopharmaceuticals with minimum loss of radioactivity during preparation. As a benefit for clinical implementation, it can be milked from a radionuclide generator in different ways. The main approaches applied for these purposes are considered and described in this review, including chromatographic, solution, and other techniques to isolate 212Pb from its parent radionuclide. Furthermore, molecules used for lead’s binding and radiochemical features of preparation and stability of compounds labeled with 212Pb are discussed. The results of preclinical studies with an estimation of therapeutic and tolerant doses as well as recently initiated clinical trials of targeted radiopharmaceuticals are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin V. Kokov
- Physical and Chemical Technology Center, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (K.V.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.L.-K.); (K.A.M.); (D.Y.C.)
| | - Bayirta V. Egorova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: or
| | - Marina N. German
- Physical and Chemical Technology Center, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (K.V.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.L.-K.); (K.A.M.); (D.Y.C.)
| | - Ilya D. Klabukov
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, National Medical Research Radiological Center, 249036 Obninsk, Russia;
| | - Michael E. Krasheninnikov
- Research and Educational Resource Center for Cellular Technologies, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, 117198 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Antonius A. Larkin-Kondrov
- Physical and Chemical Technology Center, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (K.V.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.L.-K.); (K.A.M.); (D.Y.C.)
| | - Kseniya A. Makoveeva
- Physical and Chemical Technology Center, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (K.V.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.L.-K.); (K.A.M.); (D.Y.C.)
| | - Michael V. Ovchinnikov
- Laboratory of Peptide Synthesis, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.O.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Maria V. Sidorova
- Laboratory of Peptide Synthesis, National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 121552 Moscow, Russia; (M.V.O.); (M.V.S.)
| | - Dmitry Y. Chuvilin
- Physical and Chemical Technology Center, National Research Center Kurchatov Institute, 123182 Moscow, Russia; (K.V.K.); (M.N.G.); (A.A.L.-K.); (K.A.M.); (D.Y.C.)
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8
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Müller C, Schibli R, Bernhardt P, Köster U, van der Meulen NP. Terbium radionuclides for theranostics. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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9
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Corroyer-Dulmont A, Jaudet C, Frelin AM, Fantin J, Weyts K, Vallis KA, Falzone N, Sibson NR, Chérel M, Kraeber-Bodéré F, Batalla A, Bardet S, Bernaudin M, Valable S. Radioimmunotherapy for Brain Metastases: The Potential for Inflammation as a Target of Choice. Front Oncol 2021; 11:714514. [PMID: 34504791 PMCID: PMC8423367 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.714514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain metastases (BM) are frequently detected during the follow-up of patients with malignant tumors, particularly in those with advanced disease. Despite a major progress in systemic anti-cancer treatments, the average overall survival of these patients remains limited (6 months from diagnosis). Also, cognitive decline is regularly reported especially in patients treated with whole brain external beam radiotherapy (WBRT), due to the absorbed radiation dose in healthy brain tissue. New targeted therapies, for an earlier and/or more specific treatment of the tumor and its microenvironment, are needed. Radioimmunotherapy (RIT), a combination of a radionuclide to a specific antibody, appears to be a promising tool. Inflammation, which is involved in multiple steps, including the early phase, of BM development is attractive as a relevant target for RIT. This review will focus on the (1) early biomarkers of inflammation in BM pertinent for RIT, (2) state of the art studies on RIT for BM, and (3) the importance of dosimetry to RIT in BM. These two last points will be addressed in comparison to the conventional EBRT treatment, particularly with respect to the balance between tumor control and healthy tissue complications. Finally, because new diagnostic imaging techniques show a potential for the detection of BM at an early stage of the disease, we focus particularly on this therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Corroyer-Dulmont
- Medical Physics Department, CLCC François Baclesse, Caen, France
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - Cyril Jaudet
- Medical Physics Department, CLCC François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Anne-Marie Frelin
- Grand accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds (GANIL), CEA/DRF-CNRS/IN2P3, Caen, France
| | - Jade Fantin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - Kathleen Weyts
- Nuclear Medicine Department, CLCC François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Katherine A. Vallis
- Medical Research Council, Department of Oncology, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nicola R. Sibson
- Medical Research Council, Department of Oncology, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Michel Chérel
- Team 13-Nuclear Oncology, CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Nantes University, Nantes, France
| | - Françoise Kraeber-Bodéré
- Team 13-Nuclear Oncology, CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Nantes University, Nantes, France
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Alain Batalla
- Medical Physics Department, CLCC François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Stéphane Bardet
- Nuclear Medicine Department, CLCC François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - Samuel Valable
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
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Bolcaen J, Kleynhans J, Nair S, Verhoeven J, Goethals I, Sathekge M, Vandevoorde C, Ebenhan T. A perspective on the radiopharmaceutical requirements for imaging and therapy of glioblastoma. Theranostics 2021; 11:7911-7947. [PMID: 34335972 PMCID: PMC8315062 DOI: 10.7150/thno.56639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous clinical trials and pre-clinical developments, the treatment of glioblastoma (GB) remains a challenge. The current survival rate of GB averages one year, even with an optimal standard of care. However, the future promises efficient patient-tailored treatments, including targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT). Advances in radiopharmaceutical development have unlocked the possibility to assess disease at the molecular level allowing individual diagnosis. This leads to the possibility of choosing a tailored, targeted approach for therapeutic modalities. Therapeutic modalities based on radiopharmaceuticals are an exciting development with great potential to promote a personalised approach to medicine. However, an effective targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) for the treatment of GB entails caveats and requisites. This review provides an overview of existing nuclear imaging and TRT strategies for GB. A critical discussion of the optimal characteristics for new GB targeting therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals and clinical indications are provided. Considerations for target selection are discussed, i.e. specific presence of the target, expression level and pharmacological access to the target, with particular attention to blood-brain barrier crossing. An overview of the most promising radionuclides is given along with a validation of the relevant radiopharmaceuticals and theranostic agents (based on small molecules, peptides and monoclonal antibodies). Moreover, toxicity issues and safety pharmacology aspects will be presented, both in general and for the brain in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bolcaen
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Janke Kleynhans
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Shankari Nair
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Ingeborg Goethals
- Ghent University Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mike Sathekge
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thomas Ebenhan
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure NPC, Pretoria, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Department, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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11
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Allenby MC, Okutsu N, Brailey K, Guasch J, Zhang Q, Panoskaltsis N, Mantalaris A. A spatiotemporal microenvironment model to improve design of a 3D bioreactor for red cell production. Tissue Eng Part A 2021; 28:38-53. [PMID: 34130508 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular microenvironments provide stimuli including paracrine and autocrine growth factors and physico-chemical cues, which support efficient in vivo cell production unmatched by current in vitro biomanufacturing platforms. While three-dimensional (3D) culture systems aim to recapitulate niche architecture and function of the target tissue/organ, they are limited in accessing spatiotemporal information to evaluate and optimize in situ cell/tissue process development. Herein, a mathematical modelling framework is parameterized by single-cell phenotypic imaging and multiplexed biochemical assays to simulate the non-uniform tissue distribution of nutrients/metabolites and growth factors in cell niche environments. This model is applied to a bone marrow mimicry 3D perfusion bioreactor containing dense stromal and hematopoietic tissue with limited red blood cell (RBC) egress. The model characterized an imbalance between endogenous cytokine production and nutrient starvation within the microenvironmental niches, and recommended increased cell inoculum density and enhanced medium exchange, guiding the development of a miniaturized prototype bioreactor. The second-generation prototype improved the distribution of nutrients and growth factors and supported a 50-fold increase in RBC production efficiency. This image-informed bioprocess modelling framework leverages spatiotemporal niche information to enhance biochemical factor utilization and improve cell manufacturing in 3D systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Colin Allenby
- Queensland University of Technology, 1969, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia.,Imperial College London, 4615, Department of Chemical Engineering, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Naoki Okutsu
- Imperial College London, 4615, Department of Chemical Engineering, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Kate Brailey
- Imperial College London, 4615, Department of Chemical Engineering, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Joana Guasch
- Imperial College London, 4615, Department of Chemical Engineering, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Qiming Zhang
- Imperial College London, 4615, Department of Chemical Engineering, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Nicki Panoskaltsis
- Emory University, 1371, Winship Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.,Imperial College London, 4615, Department of Haematology, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
| | - Athanasios Mantalaris
- Georgia Institute of Technology, 1372, BME, Atlanta, Georgia, United States.,Imperial College London, 4615, Department of Chemical Engineering, London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;
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12
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Tranel J, Feng FY, James SS, Hope TA. Effect of microdistribution of alpha and beta-emitters in targeted radionuclide therapies on delivered absorbed dose in a GATE model of bone marrow. Phys Med Biol 2021; 66:035016. [PMID: 33321484 PMCID: PMC7880907 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abd3ef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Acute hematologic toxicity is a frequent adverse effect of beta-emitter targeted radionuclide therapies (TRTs). Alpha emitters have the potential of delivering high linear energy transfer (LET) radiation to the tumor attributed to its shorter range. Antibody-based TRTs have increased blood-pool half-lives, and therefore increased marrow toxicity, which is a particular concern with alpha emitters. Accurate 3D absorbed dose calculations focusing on the interface region of blood vessels and bone can elucidate energy deposition patterns. Firstly, a cylindrical geometry model with a central blood vessel embedded in the trabecular tissue was modeled. Monte Carlo simulations in GATE were performed considering beta (177Lu, 90Y) and alpha emitters (211At, 225Ac) as sources restricted to the blood pool. Subsequently, the radioactive sources were added in the trabecular bone compartment in order to model bone marrow metastases infiltration (BMMI). Radial profiles, dose-volume histograms and voxel relative differences were used to evaluate the absorbed dose results. We demonstrated that alpha emitters have a higher localized energy deposition compared to beta emitters. In the cylindrical geometry model, when the sources are confined to the blood pool, the dose to the trabecular bone is greater for beta emitting radionuclides, as alpha emitters deposit the majority of their energy within 70 μm of the vessel wall. In the BMMI model, alpha emitters have a lower dose to untargeted trabecular bone. Our results suggest that when alpha emitters are restricted to the blood pool, as when labeled to antibodies, hematologic toxicities may be lower than expected due to differences in the microdistribution of delivered absorbed dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Tranel
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, United States of America
| | - Felix Y Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, United States of America
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Sara St James
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, United States of America
| | - Thomas A Hope
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco CA, United States of America
- UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
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13
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Pirovano G, Jannetti SA, Carter LM, Sadique A, Kossatz S, Guru N, Demétrio De Souza França P, Maeda M, Zeglis BM, Lewis JS, Humm JL, Reiner T. Targeted Brain Tumor Radiotherapy Using an Auger Emitter. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:2871-2881. [PMID: 32066626 PMCID: PMC7299758 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma multiforme is a highly aggressive form of brain cancer whose location, tendency to infiltrate healthy surrounding tissue, and heterogeneity significantly limit survival, with scant progress having been made in recent decades. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 123I-MAPi (Iodine-123 Meitner-Auger PARP1 inhibitor) is a precise therapeutic tool composed of a PARP1 inhibitor radiolabeled with an Auger- and gamma-emitting iodine isotope. Here, the PARP inhibitor, which binds to the DNA repair enzyme PARP1, specifically targets cancer cells, sparing healthy tissue, and carries a radioactive payload within reach of the cancer cells' DNA. RESULTS The high relative biological efficacy of Auger electrons within their short range of action is leveraged to inflict DNA damage and cell death with high precision. The gamma ray emission of 123I-MAPi allows for the imaging of tumor progression and therapy response, and for patient dosimetry calculation. Here we demonstrated the efficacy and specificity of this small-molecule radiotheranostic in a complex preclinical model. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate high tumor uptake and a prolonged survival in mice treated with 123I-MAPi when compared with vehicle controls. Different methods of drug delivery were investigated to develop this technology for clinical applications, including convection enhanced delivery and intrathecal injection. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results represent the first full characterization of an Auger-emitting PARP inhibitor which demonstrate a survival benefit in mouse models of GBM and confirm the high potential of 123I-MAPi for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Pirovano
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Stephen A Jannetti
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Biochemistry, Hunter College, The City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York
- PhD Program in Biochemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York
| | - Lukas M Carter
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ahmad Sadique
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Susanne Kossatz
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Navjot Guru
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Masatomo Maeda
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Brian M Zeglis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, The City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- PhD Program in Chemistry, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York (CUNY), New York, New York
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - John L Humm
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Thomas Reiner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
- Chemical Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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14
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Corroyer-Dulmont A, Valable S, Falzone N, Frelin-Labalme AM, Tietz O, Toutain J, Soto MS, Divoux D, Chazalviel L, Pérès EA, Sibson NR, Vallis KA, Bernaudin M. VCAM-1 targeted alpha-particle therapy for early brain metastases. Neuro Oncol 2020; 22:357-368. [PMID: 31538194 PMCID: PMC7162423 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noz169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain metastases (BM) develop frequently in patients with breast cancer. Despite the use of external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), the average overall survival is short (6 months from diagnosis). The therapeutic challenge is to deliver molecularly targeted therapy at an early stage when relatively few metastatic tumor cells have invaded the brain. Vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), overexpressed by nearby endothelial cells during the early stages of BM development, is a promising target. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic value of targeted alpha-particle radiotherapy, combining lead-212 (212Pb) with an anti-VCAM-1 antibody (212Pb-αVCAM-1). METHODS Human breast carcinoma cells that metastasize to the brain, MDA-231-Br-GFP, were injected into the left cardiac ventricle of nude mice. Twenty-one days after injection, 212Pb-αVCAM-1 uptake in early BM was determined in a biodistribution study and systemic/brain toxicity was evaluated. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed using MR imaging and histology. Overall survival after 212Pb-αVCAM-1 treatment was compared with that observed after standard EBRT. RESULTS 212Pb-αVCAM-1 was taken up into early BM with a tumor/healthy brain dose deposition ratio of 6 (5.52e108 and 0.92e108) disintegrations per gram of BM and healthy tissue, respectively. MRI analyses showed a statistically significant reduction in metastatic burden after 212Pb-αVCAM-1 treatment compared with EBRT (P < 0.001), translating to an increase in overall survival of 29% at 40 days post prescription (P < 0.01). No major toxicity was observed. CONCLUSIONS The present investigation demonstrates that 212Pb-αVCAM-1 specifically accumulates at sites of early BM causing tumor growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Corroyer-Dulmont
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Samuel Valable
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | | | | | - Ole Tietz
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jérôme Toutain
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - Manuel Sarmiento Soto
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Didier Divoux
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - Laurent Chazalviel
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - Elodie A Pérès
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katherine A Vallis
- Cancer Research UK and Medical Research Council, Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy group, GIP CYCERON, Caen, France
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15
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Frelin-Labalme AM, Roger T, Falzone N, Quan Lee B, Sibson NR, Vallis KA, Bernaudin M, Valable S, Corroyer-Dulmont A. Radionuclide spatial distribution and dose deposition for in vitro assessments of 212 Pb-αVCAM-1 targeted alpha therapy. Med Phys 2020; 47:1317-1326. [PMID: 31838744 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) takes advantage of the short-range and high-linear energy transfer of α-particles and is increasingly used, especially for the treatment of metastatic lesions. Nevertheless, dosimetry of α-emitters is challenging for the very same reasons, even for in vitro experiments. Assumptions, such as the uniformity of the distribution of radionuclides in the culture medium, are commonly made, which could have a profound impact on dose calculations. In this study we measured the spatial distribution of α-emitting 212 Pb coupled to an anti-VCAM-1 antibody (212 Pb-αVCAM-1) and its evolution over time in the context of in vitro irradiations. METHODS Two experimental setups were implemented without cells to measure α-particle count rates and energy spectra in culture medium containing 15 kBq of 212 Pb-α-VCAM-1. Silicon detectors were placed above and below cell culture dishes for 20 h. One of the dishes had a 2.5-µm-thick mylar-base allowing easy detection of the α-particles. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to analyze experimental spectra. Experimental setups were modeled and α-energy spectra were simulated in the silicon detectors for different decay positions in the culture medium. Simulated spectra were then used to deconvolute experimental spectra to determine the spatial distribution of 212 Pb-αVCAM-1 in the medium. This distribution was finally used to calculate the dose deposition in cell culture experiments. RESULTS Experimental count rates and energy spectra showed differences in measurements taken at the top and the bottom of dishes and temporal variations that did not follow 212 Pb decay. The radionuclide spatial distribution was shown to be composed of a uniform distribution and concentration gradients at the top and the bottom, which were subjected to temporal variations that may be explained by gravity and electrostatic attraction. The absorbed dose in cells calculated from this distribution was compared with the dose expected for a uniform and static distribution and found to be 1.75 times higher, which is highly significant to interpret biological observations. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that accurate dosimetry of α-emitters requires the experimental determination of radionuclide spatial and temporal distribution and highlighted that in vitro assessment of dose for TAT cannot only rely on a uniform distribution of activity in the culture medium. The reliability and reproducibility of future experiments should benefit from specifically developed dosimetry tools and methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Marie Frelin-Labalme
- Grand accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), CEA/DRF, CNRS/IN2P3, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14076, Caen, France
| | - Thomas Roger
- Grand accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds (GANIL), CEA/DRF, CNRS/IN2P3, Boulevard Henri Becquerel, 14076, Caen, France
| | - Nadia Falzone
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Boon Quan Lee
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katherine A Vallis
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, Caen, France
| | - Samuel Valable
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, Caen, France
| | - Aurélien Corroyer-Dulmont
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CEA, CNRS, ISTCT/CERVOxy Group, Caen, France
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Ku A, Facca VJ, Cai Z, Reilly RM. Auger electrons for cancer therapy - a review. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2019; 4:27. [PMID: 31659527 PMCID: PMC6800417 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-019-0075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Auger electrons (AEs) are very low energy electrons that are emitted by radionuclides that decay by electron capture (e.g. 111In, 67Ga, 99mTc, 195mPt, 125I and 123I). This energy is deposited over nanometre-micrometre distances, resulting in high linear energy transfer (LET) that is potent for causing lethal damage in cancer cells. Thus, AE-emitting radiotherapeutic agents have great potential for treatment of cancer. In this review, we describe the radiobiological properties of AEs, their radiation dosimetry, radiolabelling methods, and preclinical and clinical studies that have been performed to investigate AEs for cancer treatment. Results AEs are most lethal to cancer cells when emitted near the cell nucleus and especially when incorporated into DNA (e.g. 125I-IUdR). AEs cause DNA damage both directly and indirectly via water radiolysis. AEs can also kill targeted cancer cells by damaging the cell membrane, and kill non-targeted cells through a cross-dose or bystander effect. The radiation dosimetry of AEs considers both organ doses and cellular doses. The Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) schema may be applied. Radiolabelling methods for complexing AE-emitters to biomolecules (antibodies and peptides) and nanoparticles include radioiodination (125I and 123I) or radiometal chelation (111In, 67Ga, 99mTc). Cancer cells exposed in vitro to AE-emitting radiotherapeutic agents exhibit decreased clonogenic survival correlated at least in part with unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) detected by immunofluorescence for γH2AX, and chromosomal aberrations. Preclinical studies of AE-emitting radiotherapeutic agents have shown strong tumour growth inhibition in vivo in tumour xenograft mouse models. Minimal normal tissue toxicity was found due to the restricted toxicity of AEs mostly on tumour cells targeted by the radiotherapeutic agents. Clinical studies of AEs for cancer treatment have been limited but some encouraging results were obtained in early studies using 111In-DTPA-octreotide and 125I-IUdR, in which tumour remissions were achieved in several patients at administered amounts that caused low normal tissue toxicity, as well as promising improvements in the survival of glioblastoma patients with 125I-mAb 425, with minimal normal tissue toxicity. Conclusions Proof-of-principle for AE radiotherapy of cancer has been shown preclinically, and clinically in a limited number of studies. The recent introduction of many biologically-targeted therapies for cancer creates new opportunities to design novel AE-emitting agents for cancer treatment. Pierre Auger did not conceive of the application of AEs for targeted cancer treatment, but this is a tremendously exciting future that we and many other scientists in this field envision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ku
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie J Facca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhongli Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raymond M Reilly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Joint Department of Medical Imaging and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada.
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Puttemans J, Lahoutte T, D'Huyvetter M, Devoogdt N. Beyond the Barrier: Targeted Radionuclide Therapy in Brain Tumors and Metastases. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11080376. [PMID: 31374991 PMCID: PMC6723032 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11080376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are notoriously difficult to treat. The blood-brain barrier provides a sanctuary site where residual and metastatic cancer cells can evade most therapeutic modalities. The delicate nature of the brain further complicates the decision of eliminating as much tumorous tissue as possible while protecting healthy tissue. Despite recent advances in immunotherapy, radiotherapy and systemic treatments, prognosis of newly diagnosed patients remains dismal, and recurrence is still a universal problem. Several strategies are now under preclinical and clinical investigation to optimize delivery and maximize the cytotoxic potential of pharmaceuticals with regards to brain tumors. This review provides an overview of targeted radionuclide therapy approaches for the treatment of primary brain tumors and brain metastases, with an emphasis on biological targeting moieties that specifically target key biomarkers involved in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janik Puttemans
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Tony Lahoutte
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine Department, UZ Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Matthias D'Huyvetter
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- In Vivo Cellular and Molecular Imaging Lab, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Ackerman NL, de la Fuente Rosales L, Falzone N, Vallis KA, Bernal MA. Targeted alpha therapy with 212Pb or 225Ac: Change in RBE from daughter migration. Phys Med 2018; 51:91-98. [PMID: 29807854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted α-therapy (TAT) could be delivered early to patients who are at a high-risk for developing brain metastases, targeting the areas of the vasculature where tumor cells are penetrating into the brain. We have utilized a Monte Carlo model representing brain vasculature to calculate physical dose and DNA damage from the α-emitters 225Ac and 212Pb. The micron-scale dose distributions from all radioactive decay products were modeled in Geant4, including the eV-scale interactions using the Geant4-DNA models. These interactions were then superimposed on an atomic-scale DNA model to estimate strand break yields. In addition to 225Ac having a higher dose per decay than 212Pb, it also has a double strand break yield per decay that is 4.7 ± 0.5 times that of 212Pb. However, the efficacy of both nuclides depends on retaining the daughter nuclei at the target location in the brain vasculature. The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of 225Ac and 212Pb are similar when the entire decay chains are included, with maxima of 2.7 ± 0.6 and 2.5 ± 0.5 (respectively), and RBE values of about 2 to a depth of 80 μm. If the initial daughter is lost, the RBE of 212Pb is completely reduced to 1 or lower and the RBE of 225Ac is approximately 2 only for the first 40 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L Ackerman
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Agnes Scott College, Decatur, GA, USA.
| | | | - Nadia Falzone
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine A Vallis
- CR-UK/MRC Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mario A Bernal
- Departamento de Física Aplicada, Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin", UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
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